Beam loss front-end electronics system, beam loss monitoring method and monitoring system

Abstract

The invention provides a beam loss front-end electronics system, a beam loss monitoring method and a beam loss monitoring system, and relates to the technical field of beam diagnosis, the system comprises at least two beam loss monitoring channels which are mutually independent, and each beam loss monitoring channel comprises a signal acquisition assembly and a signal output assembly, wherein the signal acquisition assembly is used for receiving a beam loss signal sent by a beam loss detector; the signal output assembly is used for determining a threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on a preset beam loss parameter, and outputting a beam loss output signal based on the beam loss signal and the threshold voltage; the beam loss output signal comprises an original signal, an electric pulse signal and an optical pulse signal; the preset beam loss parameters are used for representing monitoring indexes of particle beams corresponding to different types of particle accelerators. According to the invention, the application range can be greatly expanded, and the applicability and the monitoring sensitivity are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of beam diagnosis, and in particular to a beam loss front-end electronics system, a beam loss monitoring method, and a monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Particle accelerators, as fundamental equipment for exploring the field of nuclear physics, are becoming increasingly valuable in many fields such as national defense security, space technology, medical health, energy industry, and materials research and development. With the continuous deepening of scientific research levels, the pursuit of various indicators of particle beams - energy, intensity, and quality - has become increasingly stringent, prompting accelerator devices at home and abroad to continuously challenge higher levels of beam performance. Beam loss monitoring plays a crucial role in accelerator projects. It is not only a necessary means to ensure the safe and stable operation of accelerators, timely detect and handle potential failures, but also a key to improving accelerator performance and the accuracy of experimental results. In recent years, the research on beam loss has received increasing attention. Many high-energy and high-intensity accelerators in the world have installed beam loss monitoring systems designed according to their own needs. These systems not only help protect accelerator equipment but also make unique contributions to research such as the beam lifetime of accelerators.

[0003] Different types of beam particles, different types of particle accelerators, or different positions all have different requirements for beam loss monitoring. For example, there are significant differences in beam loss monitoring between linear accelerators and storage ring accelerators. However, existing beam loss monitoring systems are often placed nearby in areas with high radiation doses, resulting in low reliability and applicability of the electronics system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a beam loss front-end electronics system, a beam loss monitoring method, and a monitoring system to solve the defect of low reliability and applicability of the electronics system in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides a beam loss front-end electronics system, including: at least two independent beam loss monitoring channels, and each of the beam loss monitoring channels includes a signal acquisition component and a signal output component, wherein: The signal acquisition component is used to receive the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector; The signal output component is used to determine the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on preset beam loss parameters, and output a beam loss output signal based on the beam loss signal and the threshold voltage; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal, and an optical pulse signal; the preset beam loss parameters are used to characterize the monitoring indicators of the particle beams corresponding to different types of particle accelerators.

[0006] According to the beam loss front-end electronics system provided by the present invention, the signal output component includes a first output component and a second output component, where: The first output component is used to output the original signal based on the beam loss signal; The second output component is used to output the electrical pulse signal and the optical pulse signal based on the beam loss signal and the threshold voltage.

[0007] According to the beam loss front-end electronics system provided by the present invention, the second output component includes a second-order filter, an adjustable threshold generator, a comparator, a level converter, an electrical pulse output interface, and an optical pulse output interface, where: The second-order filter is connected to the signal acquisition component and the comparator. The second-order filter is used to perform low-pass filtering on the two-stage amplified signal corresponding to the beam loss signal sent by the signal acquisition component to obtain a second-order filtered signal; The adjustable threshold generator is connected to the comparator. The adjustable threshold generator is used to determine the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the preset beam loss parameters; The comparator is connected to the level converter. The comparator is used to compare the second-order filtered signal and the threshold voltage to determine a comparison signal; The level converter is connected to the electrical pulse output interface and the optical pulse output interface. The level converter is used to output an electrical pulse signal to the electrical pulse output interface and output an optical pulse signal to the optical pulse output interface based on the level state of the comparison signal.

[0008] According to the beam loss front-end electronics system provided by the present invention, the adjustable threshold generator includes a threshold setting interface, a reference voltage source, an electronic potentiometer, and an impedance converter, where: The threshold setting interface is connected to the electronic potentiometer. The threshold setting interface is used to respond to user operations to determine a threshold command corresponding to the preset beam loss parameters; The reference voltage source is connected to the electronic potentiometer. The reference voltage source is used to determine the upper limit value of the threshold voltage; The electronic potentiometer is used to determine the initial threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the threshold command and the upper limit value of the threshold voltage; The impedance converter is connected to the comparator. The impedance converter is used to set the output impedance corresponding to the initial threshold voltage to zero to obtain an updated threshold voltage.

[0009] According to the beam loss front-end electronics system provided by the present invention, the first output component includes a fourth-order filter, an output impedance matching unit, and an original signal output interface connected in series in sequence, where: The fourth-order filter is also connected to the signal acquisition component. The fourth-order filter is used to filter out high-frequency noise from the single-stage amplified signal corresponding to the beam loss signal sent by the signal acquisition component to obtain a fourth-order filtered signal. The output impedance matching unit is used to perform impedance matching between the fourth-order filter and the original signal output interface, obtain the original signal corresponding to the fourth-order filtered signal, and output the original signal to the original signal output interface. The original signal is exactly the same as the beam loss signal.

[0010] According to the beam loss front-end electronics system provided by the present invention, the signal acquisition component includes a controllable switch, a signal input interface, a power splitter, a single-stage amplifier, and a two-stage amplifier, where: The controllable switch is connected to the beam loss back-end electronics system, the signal input interface, and the power splitter. The controllable switch is used to conduct the path between the signal input interface and the power splitter when receiving a signal control instruction sent by the beam loss back-end electronics system. The signal input interface is used to send the beam loss signal to the power splitter. The power splitter is connected to the single-stage amplifier and the two-stage amplifier. The power splitter is used to divide the beam loss signal into the same first beam loss sub-signal and second beam loss sub-signal. The single-stage amplifier is used to perform amplitude modulation on the first beam loss sub-signal to obtain a single-stage amplified signal. The two-stage amplifier is used to amplify the second beam loss sub-signal to obtain a two-stage amplified signal.

[0011] According to the beam loss front-end electronics system provided by the present invention, the signal acquisition component further includes a self-check signal interface. The self-check signal interface is connected to the beam loss back-end electronics system and the second input end of the controllable switch. When the controllable switch receives a self-check control instruction sent by the beam loss back-end electronics system, it conducts the path between the self-check signal interface and the power splitter. The self-check signal interface is used to send a self-check signal to the power splitter. The signal output component is used to determine the fault self-check result corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the first comparison result between the original signal and the self-check signal, the first frequency comparison result between the electrical pulse signal and the self-check signal, and the second frequency comparison result between the optical pulse signal and the self-check signal when outputting the original signal, electrical pulse signal, and optical pulse signal corresponding to the self-check signal.

[0012] According to the beam loss front-end electronics system provided by the present invention, it further includes a power supply component, and the power supply component is used to supply power to at least two beam loss monitoring channels.

[0013] The present invention also provides a beam loss monitoring method, which is applied to the beam loss front-end electronics system described in any one of the above, and the method includes: Based on preset beam loss parameters, determine the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel; the preset beam loss parameters are used to characterize the monitoring indexes of particle beams corresponding to different types of particle accelerators; Based on the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector and the threshold voltage, output a beam loss output signal; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal, and an optical pulse signal.

[0014] The present invention also provides a beam loss monitoring system, including: a beam loss detector, a beam loss back-end electronics system, and the beam loss front-end electronics system described in any one of the above. Among them, the beam loss detector is connected to the input end of the beam loss front-end electronics system, and the output end of the beam loss front-end electronics system is connected to the beam loss back-end electronics system.

[0015] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the beam loss monitoring method described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0016] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the beam loss monitoring method described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0017] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the beam loss monitoring method described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The beam loss front-end electronics system, beam loss monitoring method and monitoring system provided by the present invention, for each beam loss monitoring channel, receive the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector through the signal acquisition component. The signal output component can flexibly adjust the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel to which it belongs according to the preset beam loss parameters, and output a beam loss output signal including the original signal, optical pulse signal and electrical pulse signal that can be transmitted over a long distance according to the beam loss signal and the threshold voltage. The output signal types are rich and can meet various application scenarios. At the same time, the flexibly adjustable threshold voltage can meet the monitoring indexes of particle beams in different types of particle accelerators. Combining the mutually independent beam loss monitoring channels to synchronously detect the beam loss signals at the same point or different points greatly expands the applicable range and greatly improves the applicability and monitoring sensitivity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the beam loss front-end electronics system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the signal output component provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the signal acquisition component provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the second output component provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the adjustable threshold generator provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the first output component provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic flow chart of the beam loss monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the beam loss monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Reference numerals: 100: Front-end electronics system for beam loss; 110: Signal acquisition component; 111: Controllable switch; 112: Signal input interface; 113: Power divider; 114: Single-stage amplifier; 115: Two-stage amplifier; 116: Self-test signal interface; 120: Signal output component; 130: First output component; 131: Fourth-order filter; 132: Output impedance matching unit; 133: Original signal output interface; 140: Second output component; 141: Second-order filter; 142: Adjustable threshold generator; 1421: Threshold setting interface; 1422: Reference voltage source; 1423: Electronic potentiometer; 1424: Impedance converter; 143: Comparator; 144: Level converter; 145: Electrical pulse output interface; 146: Optical pulse output interface; 200: Beam loss detector; 300: Back-end electronics system for beam loss. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Aiming at the problems of low reliability and applicability of the electronics system in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a front-end electronics system for beam loss, Figure 1 which is a schematic structural diagram of the front-end electronics system for beam loss provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, the front-end electronics system 100 for beam loss includes: at least two independent beam loss monitoring channels, and each of the beam loss monitoring channels includes a signal acquisition component 110 and a signal output component 120.

[0032] The signal acquisition component 110 is configured to receive the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector 200.

[0033] The signal output component 120 is configured to determine the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on preset beam loss parameters, and output a beam loss output signal based on the beam loss signal and the threshold voltage; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal and an optical pulse signal; the preset beam loss parameters are used to characterize the monitoring indexes of the particle beams corresponding to different types of particle accelerators.

[0034] Specifically, the beam loss front-end electronics system 100 includes at least two independent beam loss monitoring channels, each of which can monitor the beam loss signal at a certain point in the particle accelerator in real time. All beam loss monitoring channels can perform redundant monitoring of the beam loss signal at the same point, and can also perform synchronous monitoring of beam loss signals at different positions, which not only improves the monitoring reliability and safety, but also reduces the complexity of the beam loss front-end electronics system 100, thereby greatly reducing the engineering cost.

[0035] For each beam loss monitoring channel, the signal acquisition component 110 is connected to the beam loss detector 200. When the beam is lost in the particle accelerator (such as particles hitting accelerator components, scattering, etc.), these losses will generate secondary particles (such as electrons, photons, neutrons, etc.). The beam loss detector 200 indirectly reflects the beam loss by detecting secondary particles. That is, the beam loss detector 200 is used to detect the beam loss signal and send the beam loss signal to the signal acquisition component 110 in the corresponding beam loss monitoring channel. The signal output component 120 can flexibly adjust the threshold voltage corresponding to the corresponding beam loss monitoring channel according to the preset beam loss parameters corresponding to the actual needs. After the signal acquisition component 110 receives the beam loss signal, the beam loss signal can be screened according to the threshold voltage. For example, the beam loss signal with a signal strength greater than the threshold voltage is determined as a valid signal, thereby obtaining a beam loss output signal, reducing noise and false alarms, meeting the monitoring indicators of particle beams of different types of particle accelerators, and improving the accuracy, reliability and applicability of beam loss monitoring.

[0036] In addition, the beam loss output signal obtained includes an original signal, an optical pulse signal and an electrical pulse signal. Among them, the original signal is an analog signal that is exactly the same as the beam loss signal. Although the analog signal is susceptible to noise interference during transmission and is not suitable for long-distance transmission, it can retain the detailed characteristics of the beam loss signal as much as possible for subsequent research. An electrical pulse signal is an electrical signal whose voltage or current changes rapidly in a very short time, and an optical pulse signal is an optical signal whose intensity changes rapidly in a very short time. Although the optical pulse signal and the electrical pulse signal cannot reflect the detailed characteristics of the beam loss signal, they can achieve long-distance transmission, so that the beam loss back-end electronics can be placed in an area without radiation dose to avoid external interference, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the beam loss monitoring system and accelerator engineering. The maximum output frequency of the optical pulse signal and the electrical pulse signal can reach above 50MHz, with excellent anti-interference ability.

[0037] It should be noted that in a particle accelerator, a flowing collection of a large number of particles with similar kinetic energy and motion direction is called a particle beam, that is, a beam current. The beam current is accelerated and controlled through the accelerator device until it reaches the required energy and speed. The beam current moves at high speed along a preset path (linear or circular) in the particle accelerator. The above-mentioned points refer to one or more specific positions on the preset path of the beam current, and these positions are selected as key monitoring points. By collecting the beam current loss signals at these key monitoring points, the performance and stability of the beam current are evaluated.

[0038] It should be noted that the preset beam current loss parameter may include the beam current type, beam current energy, beam current intensity, and the installation position corresponding to the beam current loss detector 200, etc. Among them, the beam current type determines the properties of the particles, such as mass, charge, etc. The properties of the particles will affect the transmission and loss mechanisms of the particles in the particle accelerator, that is, different beam current types will result in different beam current loss distribution characteristics. The higher the beam current energy, the stronger the penetration power of the particles in the particle accelerator, which may lead to more complex beam current loss mechanisms. That is, different beam current energies will affect the sensitivity of beam current loss monitoring. The beam current intensity directly affects the total amount of beam current loss. The greater the beam current intensity, the more significant the beam current loss effect. The installation position of the beam current loss detector 200 has an important impact on the sensitivity and accuracy of its detection signal. The selection of the installation position needs to consider factors such as the distribution of beam current loss, the sensitivity of the beam current loss detector 200, the detection range, and the layout of the particle accelerator.

[0039] Furthermore, the beam current loss front-end electronics system 100 further includes a power supply component, and the power supply component is used to supply power to at least two beam current loss monitoring channels.

[0040] Specifically, the power supply component can be an AC / DC (Alternating Current / Direct Current) power supply component. The AC / DC power supply component is used to convert the mains AC220V into a DC power supply to provide the required power for the beam current loss front-end electronics system 100, that is, to supply power to all beam current loss monitoring channels.

[0041] Furthermore, Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the signal output component provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 2 shown, the signal output component 120 includes a first output component 130 and a second output component 140, wherein: The first output component 130 is used to output the original signal based on the beam current loss signal; The second output component 140 is used to output the electrical pulse signal and the optical pulse signal based on the beam current loss signal and the threshold voltage.

[0042] Specifically, after the signal acquisition component 110 receives the beam loss signal, the first output component 130 and the second output component 140 in the signal output component 120 are two parallel paths. The first output component 130 is used to output the original signal identical to the beam loss signal according to the beam loss signal to retain rich detail features. At the same time, the second output component 140 effectively filters the beam loss signal through a threshold voltage and outputs electrical pulse signals and optical pulse signals that can be transmitted over long distances.

[0043] Furthermore, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the signal acquisition component provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 3 shown, the signal acquisition component 110 includes a controllable switch 111, a signal input interface 112, a power splitter 113, a single-stage amplifier 114, and a two-stage amplifier 115, where: The controllable switch 111 is connected to the beam loss backend electronics system 300, the signal input interface 112, and the power splitter 113. The controllable switch 111 is configured to conduct the path between the signal input interface 112 and the power splitter 113 when receiving a signal control instruction sent by the beam loss backend electronics system 300. The signal input interface 112 is used to send the beam loss signal to the power splitter 113; The power splitter 113 is connected to the single-stage amplifier 114 and the two-stage amplifier 115. The power splitter 113 is used to divide the beam loss signal into the same first beam loss sub-signal and second beam loss sub-signal; The single-stage amplifier 114 is used to perform amplitude modulation on the first beam loss sub-signal to obtain a single-stage amplified signal; The two-stage amplifier 115 is used to amplify the second beam loss sub-signal to obtain a two-stage amplified signal.

[0044] Specifically, the beam loss backend electronics system 300 can control the on / off state of the controllable switch 111, and then select the type of input signal according to the on / off state of the switch. For example, the controllable switch 111 includes a first switch K1 and a second switch K2. By default, both the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 are in the off state. One end of the first switch K1 is connected to the signal input interface 112, and the other end is connected to the power splitter 113. When the controllable switch 111 receives the signal control instruction sent by the beam loss backend electronics system 300, it can control the first switch K1 to switch from the off state to the on state, thereby conducting the path between the signal input interface 112 and the power splitter 113. When the signal input interface 112 receives the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector 200, it sends the beam loss signal to the power splitter 113 along the conducted path. After receiving the beam loss signal, the power splitter 113 can divide the beam loss signal into two identical signals, namely the first beam loss sub-signal and the second beam loss sub-signal. At the same time, the power splitter 113 can also achieve impedance matching with the output of the beam loss detector 200. Then, the first beam loss sub-signal is sent to the single-stage amplifier 114, and the single-stage amplifier 114 adjusts the amplitude of the first beam sub-signal so that the adjusted single-stage amplified signal is equal to the beam loss signal at the signal input interface 112. At the same time, the second beam loss sub-signal is sent to the two-stage amplifier 115, and the two-stage amplifier 115 can adjust the amplitude of the second beam loss sub-signal according to actual usage requirements to obtain a two-stage amplified signal, and the two-stage amplifier 115 can also ensure that the beam loss acquisition channel to which it belongs has sufficient passband bandwidth.

[0045] Further, the signal acquisition component 110 further includes a self-check signal interface 116. The self-check signal interface 116 is connected to the beam loss backend electronics system 300 and the second input end of the controllable switch 111. When the controllable switch 111 receives the self-check control instruction sent by the beam loss backend electronics system 300, it conducts the path between the self-check signal interface 116 and the power splitter 113. The self-check signal interface 116 is used to send a self-check signal to the power splitter 113; The signal output component 120 is used to determine the fault self-check result corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the first comparison result between the original signal and the self-check signal, the first frequency comparison result between the electrical pulse signal and the self-check signal, and the second frequency comparison result between the optical pulse signal and the self-check signal when outputting the original signal, electrical pulse signal, and optical pulse signal corresponding to the self-check signal.

[0046] Specifically, as Figure 3As shown, one end of the second switch K2 is connected to the self-check signal interface 116, and the other end is connected to the power splitter 113. When the controllable switch 111 receives the self-check control instruction sent by the beam loss backend electronics system 300, it can control the second switch K2 to switch from the open state to the closed state, thus conducting the path between the self-check signal interface 116 and the power splitter 113. After that, the beam loss frontend electronics system 100 can send a self-check signal to the power splitter 113 along the conducted path through the self-check signal interface 116, and this self-check signal is used to control the beam loss frontend electronics system 100 to enter the self-check working mode. At this time, the self-check signal can be used as an input signal and divided into two identical signals, namely, the third beam loss sub-signal and the fourth beam loss sub-signal. Then, the single-stage amplifier 114 adjusts the amplitude of the third beam loss sub-signal to obtain a single-stage amplified signal, and the two-stage amplifier 115 adjusts the amplitude of the fourth beam loss sub-signal according to the actual usage requirements to obtain a two-stage amplified signal. After the single-stage amplified signal is processed by the first output component 130, a self-check original signal is obtained, and after the two-stage amplified signal is processed by the second output component 140, an optical pulse self-check signal and an electrical pulse self-check signal are obtained. Then, the self-check signal is compared with the self-check original signal, the optical pulse self-check signal, and the electrical pulse self-check signal respectively, that is, according to the first comparison result between the original signal and the self-check signal, the first frequency comparison result between the electrical pulse signal and the self-check signal, and the second frequency comparison result between the optical pulse signal and the self-check signal, the fault self-check result is determined. For example, if the first comparison result is the same, that is, the self-check original signal is the same as the self-check signal, the first frequency comparison result is the same, that is, the frequency of the electrical pulse self-check signal is the same as the frequency of the self-check signal, and the second frequency comparison result is the same, that is, the frequency of the optical pulse self-check signal is the same as the frequency of the self-check signal, the fault self-check result corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel is normal. If at least one of the above three comparison results is different, the fault self-check result corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel is a fault. If the fault self-check results corresponding to all beam loss monitoring channels are normal, the beam loss frontend electronics system 100 has not failed. If at least one beam loss monitoring channel among all beam loss monitoring channels has a fault self-check result as a fault, the beam loss frontend electronics system 100 has failed and needs to be inspected and troubleshot.

[0047] Furthermore, Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the second output component provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 4 shown, the second output component 140 includes a second-order filter 141, an adjustable threshold generator 142, a comparator 143, a level converter 144, an electrical pulse output interface 145, and an optical pulse output interface 146.

[0048] The second-order filter 141 is connected to the signal acquisition component 110 and the comparator 143. The second-order filter 141 is configured to perform low-pass filtering on the two-stage amplified signal corresponding to the beam loss signal sent by the signal acquisition component 110 to obtain a second-order filtered signal.

[0049] The adjustable threshold generator 142 is connected to the comparator 143. The adjustable threshold generator 142 is configured to determine the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the preset beam loss parameter.

[0050] The comparator 143 is connected to the level converter 144. The comparator 143 is configured to compare the second-order filtered signal with the threshold voltage to determine a comparison signal.

[0051] The level converter 144 is connected to the electrical pulse output interface 145 and the optical pulse output interface 146. The level converter 144 is configured to output an electrical pulse signal to the electrical pulse output interface 145 and output an optical pulse signal to the optical pulse output interface 146 based on the level state of the comparison signal.

[0052] Specifically, after the two-stage amplifier 115 generates a two-stage amplified signal, the two-stage amplified signal is sent to the second-order filter 141. The second-order filter 141 performs low-pass filtering on the two-stage amplified signal to obtain a second-order filtered signal, and sends the second-order filtered signal to the inverting input terminal of the comparator 143. The adjustable threshold generator 142 can send the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel determined according to the preset beam loss parameter to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 143. Then, after receiving the second-order filtered signal and the threshold voltage, the comparator 143 compares the second-order filtered signal with the threshold voltage, and determines a comparison signal according to the comparison result. For example, if the voltage value corresponding to the second-order filtered signal is less than the threshold voltage, the comparison signal output by the comparator 143 is a high-level signal; if the second-order filtered signal is greater than the threshold voltage, the comparison signal output by the comparator 143 is a low-level signal. After determining the comparison signal, the comparator 143 sends the comparison signal to the level converter 144. The level converter 144 can perform level conversion according to the level state of the comparison signal, that is, every time the level converter 144 receives a comparison signal that is a low-level signal, it will trigger a signal output, that is, trigger the output of an electrical pulse signal through the electrical pulse output interface 145 and the output of an optical pulse signal through the optical pulse output interface 146. It should be noted that the number of pulses corresponding to the electrical pulse signal and the optical pulse signal respectively is equal to the number of comparison signals that are low-level signals, that is, the number of pulses corresponding to the electrical pulse signal and the optical pulse signal respectively is the number of times the second-order filtered signal is greater than the threshold voltage.

[0053] Further, Figure 5It is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable threshold generator provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 5 shown, the adjustable threshold generator 142 includes a threshold setting interface 1421, a reference voltage source 1422, an electronic potentiometer 1423, and an impedance converter 1424, where: The threshold setting interface 1421 is connected to the electronic potentiometer 1423. The threshold setting interface 1421 is used to respond to a user operation and determine a threshold instruction corresponding to the preset beam loss parameter. The reference voltage source 1422 is connected to the electronic potentiometer 1423. The reference voltage source 1422 is used to determine the upper limit value of the threshold voltage. The electronic potentiometer 1423 is used to determine an initial threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the threshold instruction and the upper limit value of the threshold voltage. The impedance converter 1424 is connected to the comparator 143. The impedance converter 1424 is used to set the output impedance corresponding to the initial threshold voltage to zero to obtain an updated threshold voltage.

[0054] Specifically, before the comparator 143 receives the threshold voltage, a user input operation can be responded to, and a preset beam loss parameter can be set in the threshold setting interface 1421. For example, the beam type, beam energy, beam current intensity, and the installation position corresponding to the beam loss detector 200 are set, etc. Then, the threshold setting interface 1421 can generate a threshold instruction corresponding to the preset beam loss parameter and send the threshold instruction to the electronic potentiometer 1423 in real time. At the same time, while ensuring the accuracy of the threshold voltage, the reference voltage source 1422 can send the upper limit value of the threshold voltage to the electronic potentiometer 1423 in real time, and the lower limit value of the threshold voltage is defaulted to zero. The electronic potentiometer 1423 can execute the threshold instruction to determine an initial threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel within the voltage range. After the electronic potentiometer 1423 outputs the initial threshold voltage, the impedance converter 1424 can approximately adjust the output impedance of the adjustable threshold generator 142 to zero, that is, approximately adjust the output impedance corresponding to the initial threshold voltage to zero to ensure the accuracy of the obtained threshold voltage.

[0055] It should be noted that the electronic potentiometer 1423 can output at most 256 threshold voltages with different amplitudes.

[0056] Furthermore, Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a first output component provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 6 shown, the first output component 130 includes a fourth-order filter 131, an output impedance matching unit 132, and an original signal output interface 133 connected in series in sequence, where: The fourth-order filter 131 is also connected to the signal acquisition component 110. The fourth-order filter 131 is configured to filter out high-frequency noise from the single-stage amplified signal corresponding to the beam loss signal sent by the signal acquisition component 110 to obtain a fourth-order filtered signal. The output impedance matching unit 132 is configured to perform impedance matching between the fourth-order filter 131 and the original signal output interface 133 to obtain the original signal corresponding to the fourth-order filtered signal, and output the original signal to the original signal output interface 133. The original signal is exactly the same as the beam loss signal.

[0057] Specifically, after the single-stage amplifier 114 generates a single-stage amplified signal, the single-stage amplified signal is sent to the fourth-order filter 131. In the fourth-order filter 131, the high-frequency noise component in the single-stage amplified signal can be eliminated to obtain a fourth-order filtered signal, and the fourth-order filtered signal is sent to the output impedance matching unit 132. The output impedance matching unit 132 can achieve the impedance matching between the output end of the fourth-order filter 131 and the impedance of the original signal output interface 133. By matching the two impedances, the reflection and distortion of the fourth-order filtered signal during transmission can be minimized, thereby improving the signal transmission efficiency. The fourth-order filtered signal transmitted to the original signal output interface 133 is the original signal, and the original signal is output through the original signal output interface 133, and the original signal is exactly the same as the beam loss signal of the signal input interface 112.

[0058] The front-end electronics system 100 for beam loss can be arranged in a 1U standard chassis and powered by mains AC 220V, which can meet various actual on-site requirements.

[0059] In the front-end electronics system for beam loss provided by the embodiments of the present invention, for each beam loss monitoring channel, the signal acquisition component receives the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector. The signal output component can flexibly adjust the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel to which it belongs according to the preset beam loss parameters, and output a beam loss output signal including the original signal, optical pulse signal and electrical pulse signal that can be transmitted over a long distance according to the beam loss signal and the threshold voltage. The output signal types are rich, which can meet various application scenarios. At the same time, the flexibly adjustable threshold voltage can meet the monitoring indexes of particle beams in different types of particle accelerators. By combining the mutually independent beam loss monitoring channels to synchronously detect the beam loss signals at the same point or different points, the applicable range is greatly expanded, and the applicability and monitoring sensitivity are greatly improved.

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention also provide a beam loss monitoring method, which is applied to the front-end electronics system for beam loss as described in any one of the above. Figure 7It is a schematic flowchart of the beam loss monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 7 shown, the method includes the following steps 710 and 720.

[0061] Step 710: Determine the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on a preset beam loss parameter; the preset beam loss parameter is used to characterize the monitoring index of the particle beam corresponding to different types of particle accelerators.

[0062] Step 720: Output a beam loss output signal based on the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector and the threshold voltage; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal, and an optical pulse signal.

[0063] For the beam loss monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, according to the preset beam loss parameter, the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel is flexibly adjusted, and based on the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector and the threshold voltage, a beam loss output signal including an original signal, an optical pulse signal, and an electrical pulse signal that can be transmitted over a long distance is output. The output signal types are rich and can meet various application scenarios. At the same time, the flexibly adjusted threshold voltage can meet the monitoring indexes of the particle beam in different types of particle accelerators. By combining the mutually independent beam loss monitoring channels to synchronously detect the beam loss signals at the same point or different points, the applicable range is greatly expanded, and the applicability and monitoring sensitivity are improved to a great extent.

[0064] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 8 shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 810, a communication interface 820, a memory 830, and a communication bus 840. Among them, the processor 810, the communication interface 820, and the memory 830 communicate with each other through the communication bus 840. The processor 810 can call the logical instructions in the memory 830 to execute the beam loss monitoring method, and the method includes: determining the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on a preset beam loss parameter; the preset beam loss parameter is used to characterize the monitoring index of the particle beam corresponding to different types of particle accelerators. Outputting a beam loss output signal based on the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector and the threshold voltage; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal, and an optical pulse signal.

[0065] In addition, when the logical instructions in the above-mentioned memory 830 are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memories (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs.

[0066] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a beam loss monitoring system. Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the beam loss monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 9 shown, the beam loss monitoring system includes: a beam loss detector 200, a beam loss back-end electronics system 300, and the beam loss front-end electronics system 100 described in any one of the above. Among them, the beam loss detector 200 is connected to the input end of the beam loss front-end electronics system 100, and the output end of the beam loss front-end electronics system 100 is connected to the beam loss back-end electronics system 300.

[0067] Specifically, in this beam loss monitoring system, the beam loss detector 200, the beam loss front-end electronics system 100, and the beam loss back-end electronics system 300 are connected in series in sequence, and the input end of the beam loss back-end electronics system 300 is connected to the original signal output interface, the optical pulse output interface, and the electrical pulse output interface in the beam loss front-end electronics system 100. The beam loss detector 200 is used to detect the beam loss signal and transmit the beam loss signal to the beam loss front-end electronics system 100 to condition and process the beam loss signal, ensuring that the output beam loss output signal can be accurately transmitted to the beam loss back-end electronics system 300 for subsequent analysis.

[0068] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the beam loss monitoring method provided by each of the above methods. The method includes: determining a threshold voltage corresponding to a beam loss monitoring channel based on a preset beam loss parameter; the preset beam loss parameter is used to characterize the monitoring index of the particle beam corresponding to different types of particle accelerators. Based on the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector and the threshold voltage, output a beam loss output signal; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal, and an optical pulse signal.

[0069] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it is implemented to execute the beam loss monitoring method provided by each of the above methods. The method includes: determining a threshold voltage corresponding to a beam loss monitoring channel based on a preset beam loss parameter; the preset beam loss parameter is used to characterize the monitoring index of the particle beam corresponding to different types of particle accelerators. Based on the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector and the threshold voltage, output a beam loss output signal; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal, and an optical pulse signal.

[0070] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative labor.

[0071] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on such an understanding, the above technical solution, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A beam loss front-end electronics system, characterized in that Comprising: At least two mutually independent beam loss monitoring channels, and each of the beam loss monitoring channels includes a signal acquisition component and a signal output component, wherein: The signal acquisition component is configured to receive a beam loss signal sent by a beam loss detector; The signal output component is configured to determine a threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on a preset beam loss parameter, and output a beam loss output signal based on the beam loss signal and the threshold voltage; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal, and an optical pulse signal; the preset beam loss parameter is used to characterize the monitoring indexes of particle beams corresponding to different types of particle accelerators.

2. The beam loss front-end electronics system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal output component includes a first output component and a second output component, wherein: The first output component is configured to output the original signal based on the beam loss signal; The second output component is configured to output the electrical pulse signal and the optical pulse signal based on the beam loss signal and the threshold voltage.

3. The beam loss front-end electronics system according to claim 2, wherein The second output component includes a second-order filter, an adjustable threshold generator, a comparator, a level converter, an electrical pulse output interface, and an optical pulse output interface, wherein: The second-order filter is connected to the signal acquisition component and the comparator, and the second-order filter is configured to perform low-pass filtering on a two-stage amplified signal corresponding to the beam loss signal sent by the signal acquisition component to obtain a second-order filtered signal; The adjustable threshold generator is connected to the comparator, and the adjustable threshold generator is configured to determine a threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the preset beam loss parameter; The comparator is connected to the level converter, and the comparator is configured to compare the second-order filtered signal and the threshold voltage to determine a comparison signal; The level converter is connected to the electrical pulse output interface and the optical pulse output interface, and the level converter is configured to output an electrical pulse signal to the electrical pulse output interface and output an optical pulse signal to the optical pulse output interface based on the level state of the comparison signal.

4. The beam loss front-end electronics system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjustable threshold generator includes a threshold setting interface, a reference voltage source, an electronic potentiometer, and an impedance converter, wherein: The threshold setting interface is connected to the electronic potentiometer, and the threshold setting interface is configured to determine a threshold command corresponding to the preset beam loss parameter in response to a user operation; The reference voltage source is connected to the electronic potentiometer, and the reference voltage source is configured to determine an upper limit value of the threshold voltage; The electronic potentiometer is configured to determine an initial threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the threshold command and the upper limit value of the threshold voltage; The impedance converter is connected to the comparator, and the impedance converter is configured to set the output impedance corresponding to the initial threshold voltage to zero to obtain an updated threshold voltage.

5. The beam loss front-end electronics system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first output component includes a fourth-order filter, an output impedance matching unit, and an original signal output interface connected in series in sequence, wherein: The fourth-order filter is also connected to the signal acquisition component. The fourth-order filter is used to filter out high-frequency noise from the single-stage amplified signal corresponding to the beam loss signal sent by the signal acquisition component to obtain a fourth-order filtered signal; The output impedance matching unit is used to perform impedance matching between the fourth-order filter and the original signal output interface, obtain the original signal corresponding to the fourth-order filtered signal, and output the original signal to the original signal output interface. The original signal is exactly the same as the beam loss signal.

6. The beam loss front-end electronics system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The signal acquisition component includes a controllable switch, a signal input interface, a power splitter, a single-stage amplifier, and a two-stage amplifier, where: The controllable switch is connected to the beam loss backend electronics system, the signal input interface, and the power splitter. The controllable switch is used to conduct the path between the signal input interface and the power splitter when receiving a signal control instruction sent by the beam loss backend electronics system. The signal input interface is used to send the beam loss signal to the power splitter; The power splitter is connected to the single-stage amplifier and the two-stage amplifier. The power splitter is used to divide the beam loss signal into the same first beam loss sub-signal and second beam loss sub-signal; The single-stage amplifier is used to perform amplitude modulation on the first beam loss sub-signal to obtain a single-stage amplified signal; The two-stage amplifier is used to amplify the second beam loss sub-signal to obtain a two-stage amplified signal.

7. The beam loss front-end electronics system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The signal acquisition component further includes a self-check signal interface. The self-check signal interface is connected to the beam loss backend electronics system and the second input end of the controllable switch. The controllable switch conducts the path between the self-check signal interface and the power splitter when receiving a self-check control instruction sent by the beam loss backend electronics system. The self-check signal interface is used to send a self-check signal to the power splitter; The signal output component is used to determine the fault self-check result corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on the first comparison result between the original signal and the self-check signal, the first frequency comparison result between the electrical pulse signal and the self-check signal, and the second frequency comparison result between the optical pulse signal and the self-check signal when outputting the original signal, electrical pulse signal, and optical pulse signal corresponding to the self-check signal.

8. The beam loss front-end electronics system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It further includes a power supply component. The power supply component is used to supply power to at least two beam loss monitoring channels.

9. A beam loss monitoring method, characterized in that, Applied to the beam loss front-end electronics system according to any one of claims 1-8, the method includes: Determining the threshold voltage corresponding to the beam loss monitoring channel based on preset beam loss parameters; the preset beam loss parameters are used to characterize the monitoring indicators of the particle beam corresponding to different types of particle accelerators; Outputting a beam loss output signal based on the beam loss signal sent by the beam loss detector and the threshold voltage; the beam loss output signal includes an original signal, an electrical pulse signal, and an optical pulse signal.

10. A beam loss monitoring system, characterized in that, Including: A beam loss detector, a beam loss backend electronics system, and a beam loss frontend electronics system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the beam loss detector is connected to the input end of the beam loss frontend electronics system, and the output end of the beam loss frontend electronics system is connected to the beam loss backend electronics system.

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