Magnetotelluric observation method and device in any observation direction, equipment and medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of earth exploration, and discloses a magnetotelluric observation method, device and equipment in any observation direction and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: collecting electromagnetic field data of an electromagnetic field observation channel in magnetotelluric sounding in an observation area, and carrying out the data processing, and obtaining first electromagnetic field frequency spectrum data; the electromagnetic field observation channels comprise at least one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels, and the arrangement direction of each electric field observation channel and the arrangement direction of each magnetic field observation channel are non-orthogonal; vector transformation correction is carried out on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain second electromagnetic field spectrum data, and the second electromagnetic field spectrum data is orthogonal electromagnetic field data under an orthogonal coordinate system; and calculating an impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data according to the number of the electric field observation channels. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the problem that traditional magnetotelluric observation is limited by complex terrain or observation conditions can be solved, and the application range of the magnetotelluric observation method is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of earth exploration technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and medium for magnetotelluric observation in any observation direction. Background Art

[0002] Magnetotelluric (MT) is an important physical means of earth exploration that uses natural electromagnetic fields as field sources to study the electrical structure of the earth's interior. Its basic principle is: based on the principle that electromagnetic waves of different frequencies have different skin depths in conductive media, the earth's electromagnetic response sequence from high frequency to low frequency is measured on the surface, and the electrical structure of the earth from shallow to deep is obtained through corresponding data processing. It has the advantages of not being shielded by high-resistance layers, strong resolution of high-conductivity layers, and strong lateral resolution, but also has the disadvantages of rapid weakening of vertical resolution with increasing depth. Magnetotelluric is widely used in deep structures and dynamics, mineral resources, geothermal resources, environment and geological disasters.

[0003] Traditional magnetotelluric observations usually use a fixed observation layout to form standard orthogonal observation channels. The layout of orthogonal observation channels requires that the layout directions of the electric field observation channel and the magnetic field observation channel are perpendicular to each other. For example, the layout directions of the electric field observation channel and the magnetic field observation channel are arranged in a "cross", "T" or "L" shape to calculate the impedance tensor. However, in areas with complex terrain or limited observation conditions, the layout of standard orthogonal observation channels often faces difficulties. For example, in areas with large terrain undulations, inconvenient roads or many natural obstacles, it is difficult to achieve standard orthogonal observation channel layout, which makes it difficult to carry out observation work or requires a lot of manpower and material resources to adjust, thereby limiting the scope of application of magnetotelluric sounding. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can perform magnetotelluric observations in non-orthogonal or arbitrary observation directions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to at least provide a magnetotelluric observation method, device, equipment and medium in any observation direction, which can at least solve the problem that traditional magnetotelluric observation is limited by complex terrain or observation conditions, and at least expand the application scope of the magnetotelluric observation method.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, at least one embodiment of the present application provides a magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction, comprising: Collecting electromagnetic field data of electromagnetic field observation channels in magnetotelluric sounding in the observation area and performing data processing to obtain first electromagnetic field spectrum data; the electromagnetic field observation channels include at least one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels, and the layout direction of each electric field observation channel and the layout direction of each magnetic field observation channel are both non-orthogonal; Performing vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain second electromagnetic field spectrum data, wherein the second electromagnetic field spectrum data is orthogonal electromagnetic field data in an orthogonal coordinate system; According to the number of the electric field observation channels, an impedance tensor is calculated based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data.

[0006] In some embodiments, performing vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain second electromagnetic field spectrum data includes: Constructing an electromagnetic field correction matrix based on the layout direction of the electromagnetic field observation channel, wherein the electromagnetic field correction matrix is ​​used to characterize the conversion relationship between the second electromagnetic field spectrum data and the first electromagnetic field spectrum data; Based on the electromagnetic field correction matrix, the first electromagnetic field spectrum data is converted into the second electromagnetic field spectrum data.

[0007] In some embodiments, collecting electromagnetic field data of an electromagnetic field observation channel in magnetotelluric sounding in an observation area and performing data processing to obtain first electromagnetic field spectrum data includes: respectively collecting the electric field time series data of each electric field observation channel and the magnetic field time series data of each magnetic field observation channel, wherein the electromagnetic field data includes the electric field time series data and the magnetic field time series data; Each of the electric field time series data and each of the magnetic field time series data is segmented and time domain transformed to obtain corresponding segmented electric field spectrum data and segmented magnetic field spectrum data. The first electromagnetic field spectrum data includes the segmented electric field spectrum data and the segmented magnetic field spectrum data.

[0008] In some embodiments, constructing an electromagnetic field correction matrix based on the layout direction of the electromagnetic field observation track includes: Selecting any coordinate axis of the orthogonal coordinate system in the magnetotelluric sounding as a reference axis; Acquire each angle between the layout direction of each electric field observation track and the reference axis to obtain a first angle set, and acquire each angle between the layout direction of each magnetic field observation track and the reference axis to obtain a second angle set; Constructing an electric field correction matrix based on the first angle set and each segmented electric field spectrum data; A magnetic field correction matrix is ​​constructed based on the second angle set and the segmented magnetic field spectrum data, wherein the electromagnetic field correction matrix includes the electric field correction matrix and the magnetic field correction matrix.

[0009] In some embodiments, based on the electromagnetic field correction matrix, converting the first electromagnetic field spectrum data into the second electromagnetic field spectrum data comprises: Based on the electric field correction matrix, obtain each segmented electric field spectrum data corresponding to each electric field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; Based on the magnetic field correction matrix, obtain each segmented magnetic field spectrum data corresponding to each magnetic field component in the orthogonal coordinate system, and the second electromagnetic field spectrum data includes each of the electric field components and each of the magnetic field components.

[0010] In some embodiments, the electric field observation channels in the electromagnetic field observation channels include a first electric field observation channel and a second electric field observation channel, and the magnetic field observation channels in the electromagnetic field observation channels include a first magnetic field observation channel and a second magnetic field observation channel; The electric field correction matrix is represented by the following formula: ; In the formula, represents each segmented electric field spectrum data of the first electric field observation channel converted to each electric field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; represents each segmented electric field spectrum data of the second electric field observation channel converted to each electric field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; represents the angle between the layout direction of the first electric field observation channel and the reference axis; represents the angle between the layout direction of the second electric field observation channel and the reference axis; take the X-axis in the due north direction as the reference axis; represents each segmented electric field spectrum data of the first electric field observation channel; represents each segmented electric field spectrum data of the second electric field observation channel; The magnetic field correction matrix is represented by the following formula: ; In the formula, represents each segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the first magnetic field observation channel converted to each magnetic field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; represents each segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the second magnetic field observation channel converted to each magnetic field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; represents the angle between the layout direction of the first magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis; represents the angle between the layout direction of the second magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis; take the X-axis in the due north direction as the reference axis; represents each segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the first magnetic field observation channel; represents each segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the second magnetic field observation channel.

[0011] In some embodiments, according to the number of the electric field observation channels, calculate the impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data, including: Determine the number of the electric field observation channels; Based on the number of the electric field observation channels, calculate the impedance tensor according to each of the electric field components and each of the magnetic field components, where the impedance tensor is characterized by resistivity and phase.

[0012] At least one embodiment of the present application further provides a magnetotelluric observation method device with an arbitrary observation direction, including: An acquisition module, configured to acquire electromagnetic field data of electromagnetic field observation channels in magnetotelluric sounding of an observation area for data processing to obtain first electromagnetic field spectrum data; the electromagnetic field observation channels include at least one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels, and the layout directions of each of the electric field observation channels and each of the magnetic field observation channels are non-orthogonal; A correction module, configured to perform vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain second electromagnetic field spectrum data, where the second electromagnetic field spectrum data is orthogonal electromagnetic field data in an orthogonal coordinate system; A calculation module, configured to calculate an impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data according to the number of the electric field observation channels.

[0013] At least one embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the magnetotelluric observation method with an arbitrary observation direction described above.

[0014] At least one embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the magnetotelluric observation method with an arbitrary observation direction described above is implemented.

[0015] In the magnetotelluric observation method, device, equipment and medium with an arbitrary observation direction provided by the embodiments of the present application, non-orthogonal electric field observation channels and magnetic field observation channels can be arranged under complex terrain conditions to form non-orthogonal electromagnetic field observation channels, and electromagnetic field data of the non-orthogonal electromagnetic field observation channels are collected for data processing to obtain first electromagnetic field spectrum data; the first electromagnetic field spectrum data is corrected to second electromagnetic field spectrum data in an orthogonal coordinate system through vector transformation, so as to calculate the impedance tensor. This method allows electromagnetic observation channels to be arranged in any direction in magnetotelluric observation, reduces the limitation of the arrangement of electromagnetic observation channels, and does not need to be strictly arranged according to orthogonal observation channels. Therefore, magnetotelluric observation can be carried out under various complex terrains and limited observation conditions, expanding the application range of the magnetotelluric sounding method, reducing the observation cost and implementation difficulty, and improving the applicability of the magnetotelluric sounding method in complex areas. Description of the Drawings

[0016] One or more embodiments are exemplarily illustrated by pictures in the corresponding drawings, and these exemplary illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layout method of the electric field observation channel and the electromagnetic observation channel in the magnetotelluric sounding method in the prior art; Figure 2 It is a schematic flowchart of the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic layout diagram of the observation directions of the electric field observation channel and the magnetic field observation channel in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the layout method of the electric field observation channel and the magnetic observation channel in the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic flowchart of the process of vector transformation correction for the first electromagnetic field spectrum data in the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the synthetic data result of the impedance tensor corresponding to the orthogonal electromagnetic observation channel in the synthetic data test in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the synthetic data result of the impedance tensor corresponding to the non-orthogonal electromagnetic observation channel after rotation in the synthetic data test in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the synthetic data result of the impedance tensor corresponding to the non-orthogonal electromagnetic observation channel after rotation correction in the synthetic data test in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 It is a schematic flowchart of the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction in another embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the result of the measured data test obtained by processing an observation point using the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the result of the measured data test obtained by processing another observation point using the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the inversion model after three-dimensional inversion of the impedance tensor obtained by using the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 13 is Figure 12 A schematic diagram of an isodepth surface slice of the inversion model shown Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of a magnetotelluric observation device in any observation direction provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 15 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by another embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will elaborate on the various embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that in the various embodiments of the present application, many technical details are provided to help readers better understand the present application. However, even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments, the technical solutions claimed in the present application can still be implemented. The following division of the various embodiments is for convenience of description and should not constitute any limitation to the specific implementation manner of the present application. The various embodiments can be combined and cross-referenced with each other on the premise of no contradiction.

[0019] To facilitate the understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the relevant content about the magnetotelluric sounding method is introduced here first.

[0020] As Figure 1 shown, a schematic diagram of the layout mode of electromagnetic observation channels in the traditional magnetotelluric observation method is exemplarily shown. As Figure 1 shown, the traditional magnetotelluric observation method needs to adopt a scalar mode to observe a group of horizontally orthogonal polarized electric and magnetic fields. Therefore, in the observation area, electric field observation channels Ex, Ey and magnetic field observation channels Hx, Hy are arranged according to a fixed geometric shape. Common layout forms include the "cross" shape, the "T" shape or the "L" shape. Specifically, usually two mutually perpendicular electric field observation channels and two mutually perpendicular magnetic field observation channels are arranged to ensure the orthogonality between the observation channels. However, since the traditional method requires the observation channels to be arranged according to a strict orthogonal geometric layout, and for each electric field observation, a pair of non-polarized electrodes need to be buried underground, the electrode distance is usually more than 30m, and it is required that the terrain between the two electrodes is flat so that the elevation difference between the electrodes is small. Therefore, in actual observation, a relatively large flat ground must be selected for data observation.

[0021] In areas with large terrain undulations, inconvenient roads or numerous natural obstacles, it is difficult to implement the layout of standard orthogonal observation channels, which leads to difficulties in carrying out observation work or requires a large amount of manpower and material resources for adjustment. Even in some areas where flat ground suitable for observation can be found, human activities are frequent near the flat ground, and the observation channels are strongly affected by electromagnetic interference, which may result in the data quality being difficult to meet the exploration requirements. Usually, the measurement points are placed in areas with few human traces and terrain conditions meeting the observation requirements to ensure the quality of the observed data. However, in areas with complex terrain or limited observation conditions, it is often difficult to layout standard orthogonal observation channels. For example, when there are few flat grounds in the observation area, in order to meet the requirements of the layout of orthogonal observation channels, it may be necessary to increase the number of observation points or extend the observation line, resulting in a significant increase in the observation cost, especially in remote or inaccessible areas. Therefore, the application scope of the traditional magnetotelluric observation method is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can perform magnetotelluric observation in non-orthogonal or arbitrary observation directions and calculate the impedance tensor through data processing.

[0022] To solve the above technical problem that the application scope of the traditional magnetotelluric observation method is difficult to expand, this application proposes a magnetotelluric observation method with arbitrary observation directions. The magnetotelluric observation method with arbitrary observation directions provided by this application can perform magnetotelluric observation under various complex terrains and limited observation conditions, without the need for strict orthogonal observation channel layout, reducing the observation cost and implementation difficulty, and expanding the application scope of the magnetotelluric observation method.

[0023] The following specifically describes the implementation details of the magnetotelluric observation method with arbitrary observation directions in this embodiment. The following content is only the implementation details provided for easy understanding and is not necessary for implementing this solution.

[0024] Embodiment 1: The magnetotelluric observation method with arbitrary observation directions in this embodiment can be applied to an electronic device with communication, computing, and data storage capabilities, and its specific process can be as Figure 2 shown, including: Step 110, collect the electromagnetic field data of the electromagnetic field observation channels in the magnetotelluric sounding of the observation area for data processing to obtain the first electromagnetic field spectrum data; the electromagnetic field observation channels include at least one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels, and the layout directions of each electric field observation channel and each magnetic field observation channel are non-orthogonal settings.

[0025] In this step, the magnetotelluric sounding method is used to study the electrical structure of the Earth's interior in the area to be observed. At least one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels are set as electromagnetic field observation channels in the observation area. For example, one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels can be set, or two electric field observation channels and two magnetic field observation channels can also be set. For example, in the area to be observed, according to the topography and actual observation requirements, a suitable location is selected as the observation area, and at least one electric field observation channel and at least two magnetic field observation channels are arranged in the observation area. The arrangement directions of the electric field observation channels and the magnetic field observation channels can be at any angle, and there is no requirement for orthogonality between the electric field observation channels and between the magnetic field observation channels, forming non-orthogonal electromagnetic field observation channels.

[0026] In magnetotelluric observation, sometimes it is necessary to combine the navigation and positioning technology to determine the accurate position of the measurement point. Therefore, in this embodiment, the north-east local coordinate system can be used as the orthogonal coordinate system, with the due north direction as the ground X direction and the due east direction as the ground Y direction. The north-east local coordinate system has a certain compatibility with common navigation coordinate systems (such as the coordinate system used by the Global Positioning System GPS), which is convenient for using existing navigation equipment and technology for positioning, improving the efficiency and accuracy of observation. For example, in field operations, the coordinate information obtained by GPS can be directly converted into the coordinates in the north-east local coordinate system to quickly and accurately find the position of the measurement point.

[0027] According to the actual topographic conditions of the observation area and the on-site reconnaissance situation, determine the positions of the main station of the observation points and other measurement points. Exemplarily, for the main station, data collection is carried out for two magnetic field observation channels and at least one electric field observation channel, and at least one electric field observation channel's data is collected for other measurement points. The two magnetic field observation channels and at least one electric field observation channel of the main station can be continuously collected to ensure that during the data collection of the electric field observation channels of other measurement points, there are magnetic field observation channel data of the main station for synchronous observation, and record clearly the arrangement direction of each channel's observation data for subsequent processing.

[0028] Exemplarily, in an underground structure detection task in a certain place in the Tibetan area, due to the very large terrain undulation in the observation area and there is no flat ground at all, and only observations can be carried out on the mountain paths in the observation area. Assuming that the road width is less than 4 meters, at this time, it is impossible to complete the traditional "cross", "T" or "L" type observations. Therefore, only one electric field observation channel can be observed along the direction of the road. As Figure 3 shown, due to the winding direction of the road, the observation directions of each electric field observation channel are not unified. Only the main measurement point can observe one electric field observation channel Ex and the corresponding two magnetic field observation channels Hx and Hy along the road direction, and other measurement points only observe one electric field observation channel.

[0029] Specifically, taking the setting of two electric field observation channels and two magnetic field observation channels as an example for illustration. For example, when arranging the electric field observation channels in the observation area, the two electric field observation channels can form angles and with the ground X-axis respectively. When arranging the magnetic field observation channels, the two magnetic field observation channels can form angles and with the ground X-axis respectively. As shown in Figure 4 , non-orthogonal electric field observation channels and magnetic field observation channels are arranged in the observation area, where the two magnetic field observation channels are not parallel. As shown in Figure 4 , at each measurement point, taking the measurement point as the center, a pair of electrodes can be set in the direction forming a first included angle with the survey line direction X as the first electric field observation channel D1. The first electric field observation channel D1 is used to observe the electric field in the x direction. Another pair of electrodes is set in the direction forming a second included angle with the survey line direction X as the second electric field observation channel D2. The second electric field observation channel D2 is used to observe the electric field in the y direction. Taking the measurement point as the center, a magnetic bar is set in the direction forming a third included angle with the survey line direction X as the first magnetic field observation channel C1. The first magnetic field observation channel C1 is used to observe the magnetic field in the x direction. A magnetic bar is set in the direction forming a fourth included angle with the survey line direction X as the second magnetic field observation channel C2. The second magnetic field observation channel C2 is used to observe the magnetic field in the y direction, thus forming a horizontally non-orthogonal electric field and magnetic field. This mode can be called a non-scalar mode.

[0030] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic field data of the electromagnetic field observation channels in the magnetotelluric sounding of the observation area is collected for data processing to obtain the first electromagnetic field spectrum data, including the following process: Step 112, collect the electric field time series data of each electric field observation channel and the magnetic field time series data of each magnetic field observation channel respectively.

[0031] In this step, the electric field data of each non-orthogonal electric field observation channel and the magnetic field data of each non-orthogonal magnetic field observation channel can be collected respectively. The electric field data is the electric field time series data of each electric field observation channel, and the magnetic field data is the magnetic field time series data of each magnetic field observation channel. Among them, the electromagnetic field data includes the electric field time series data and the magnetic field time series data. Specifically, for example, when the number of electric field observation channels is two, a high-precision magnetotelluric measurement instrument can be used to record the electric field time series data on each electric field observation channel and and the magnetic field time series data on each magnetic field observation channel and .

[0032] Step 114: Perform time-domain transformation on each electric field time series data and each magnetic field time series data segment by segment, respectively, to obtain the corresponding segmented electric field spectrum data and segmented magnetic field spectrum data. The first electromagnetic field spectrum data includes the segmented electric field spectrum data and the segmented magnetic field spectrum data.

[0033] In this step, the process of performing time-domain transformation on the collected electric field data and magnetic field data can be as follows: Perform data processing such as filtering and denoising on the collected electric field data and magnetic field data, and then perform segmented fast Fourier transform (FFT) and instrument response correction to obtain the electromagnetic field spectrum data of each segment. Among them, the purpose of filtering is to filter out the unnecessary frequency components in the signal and retain the effective frequency range to reduce the influence of noise and interference on subsequent analysis. The purpose of denoising is to further reduce the noise level in the data, improve the signal quality and signal-to-noise ratio, and make the subsequent spectrum analysis results more accurate and reliable. The purpose of segmented fast Fourier transform (FFT) is to convert the electric field data and magnetic field data in the time domain into frequency domain data to obtain the spectrum distribution of the signal for analyzing the characteristics of the signal at different frequencies. The FFT algorithm is an efficient method for calculating the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). It utilizes the symmetry and periodicity of the DFT, greatly reducing the amount of calculation. Through FFT calculation, the representation of each segment of electromagnetic data and magnetic field data in the frequency domain is obtained. The spectrum data includes the amplitude and phase information corresponding to each frequency point. The purpose of instrument response correction is to eliminate the influence of the frequency response characteristics of the measurement instrument itself on the measurement results, so that the obtained segmented electric field spectrum data and magnetic field spectrum data can truly reflect the electromagnetic characteristics of the underground medium. Among them, the segmented electric field spectrum data 、 are non-orthogonal electric field data before correction, and the segmented magnetic field spectrum data 、 are non-orthogonal magnetic field data before correction.

[0034] Step 120: Perform vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain the second electromagnetic field spectrum data, which is orthogonal electromagnetic field data in an orthogonal coordinate system; In this step, through vector transformation correction, the collected non-orthogonal electric field data and non-orthogonal magnetic field data are corrected and converted into orthogonal electric field data and orthogonal magnetic field data under the orthogonal electric field to obtain orthogonal electromagnetic field data in an orthogonal coordinate system.

[0035] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 shown, performing vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data in step S120 to obtain the second electromagnetic field spectrum data includes: Step 122: Construct an electromagnetic field correction matrix based on the layout directions of the electromagnetic field observation channels. The electromagnetic field correction matrix is used to represent the conversion relationship between the second electromagnetic field spectrum data and the first electromagnetic field spectrum data.

[0036] In this step, according to the actual layout directions of each electric field observation channel and each magnetic field observation channel, corresponding vector transformation matrices are constructed respectively to convert the non-orthogonal electric field data and non-orthogonal magnetic field data into orthogonal electric field data and orthogonal magnetic field data. In this embodiment, the collected non-orthogonal electromagnetic field data is corrected into orthogonal electromagnetic field data through the vector transformation matrix as the second electromagnetic field spectrum data, so as to calculate the impedance tensor using the second electromagnetic field spectrum data to ensure the accuracy of impedance tensor calculation.

[0037] In some embodiments, constructing the electromagnetic field correction matrix based on the layout directions of the electromagnetic field observation channels in step 122 includes: Step 1221: Select any coordinate axis of the orthogonal coordinate system in magnetotelluric sounding as the reference axis.

[0038] In this embodiment, the due north direction is taken as the ground X direction, and the due east direction is taken as the ground Y direction as the orthogonal coordinate system in magnetotelluric sounding. Among them, the ground X direction is the X axis of the orthogonal coordinate system, and the ground Y direction is the Y axis of the orthogonal coordinate system. In this step, the X axis or the Y axis can be selected as the reference axis.

[0039] Step 1222: Obtain the respective angles between the layout directions of each electric field observation channel and the reference axis to obtain a first set of angles, and the respective angles between the layout directions of each magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis to obtain a second set of angles.

[0040] Exemplarily, taking the selection of the X axis as the reference axis as an example for illustration. As shown in Figure 4 , the electromagnetic field observation channels include two electric field observation channels and two magnetic field observation channels. The two electric field observation channels are the first electric field observation channel D1 and the second electric field observation channel D2 respectively, and the two magnetic field observation channels are the first magnetic field observation channel C1 and the second magnetic field observation channel C2 respectively. Among them, obtain the first included angle between the first electric field observation channel D1 and the X axis, and the second included angle between the second electric field observation channel D2 and the X axis. The obtained first included angle and the second included angle are used as the first set of angles; obtain the third included angle between the first magnetic field observation channel C1 and the X axis, and the fourth included angle between the first magnetic field observation channel C2 and the X axis. The obtained third included angle and the fourth included angle are used as the second set of angles.

[0041] Step 1223: Construct an electric field correction matrix based on the first angle set and the segmented electric field spectrum data.

[0042] In this step, according to the actual layout direction of the electric field observation channels, construct the corresponding vector transformation matrix, that is, the electric field correction matrix, so as to obtain the orthogonal electric field data corresponding to the non-orthogonal electric field data by using the electric field correction matrix. The orthogonal electric field data includes each electric field component in the orthogonal coordinate system.

[0043] Specifically, in step 1222, the first included angle and the second included angle are obtained. Then, based on the first included angle , the second included angle and the segmented electric field spectrum data, construct the electric field correction matrix to establish the relationship between the corrected segmented electric field spectrum data and the uncorrected segmented electric field spectrum data. The corrected segmented electric field spectrum data includes each electric field component obtained by converting the segmented electric field spectrum data of each electric field observation channel to the orthogonal coordinate system.

[0044] Among them, continuing to take the X-axis in the due north direction as the reference axis as an example, the specific process of step 1223 includes: constructing an orthogonal electric field matrix to represent the segmented electric field spectrum data of each electric field observation channel 、 and the electric field components of each electric field observation channel in the orthogonal coordinate system 、 . The formula of the orthogonal electric field matrix is as follows: ; After obtaining the above orthogonal electric field matrix, solving the above equation gives the formula of the electric field correction matrix as follows: ; Among them, in the formula, represents each electric field component obtained by converting the segmented electric field spectrum data of the first electric field observation channel D1 to the orthogonal coordinate system; represents each electric field component obtained by converting the segmented electric field spectrum data of the second electric field observation channel D2 to the orthogonal coordinate system; represents the angle between the layout direction of the first electric field observation channel D1 and the reference axis X-axis; represents the angle between the layout direction of the second electric field observation channel D2 and the reference axis; represents the segmented electric field spectrum data of the first electric field observation channel; represents the segmented electric field spectrum data of the second electric field observation channel.

[0045] Step 1224: Construct a magnetic field correction matrix based on the second angle set and the segmented magnetic field spectrum data.

[0046] In this step, according to the actual layout direction of the magnetic field observation channels, a corresponding vector transformation matrix, i.e., the magnetic field correction matrix, is constructed to obtain the orthogonal magnetic field data corresponding to the non-orthogonal magnetic field data by using the magnetic field correction matrix. The orthogonal magnetic field data includes each magnetic field component in the orthogonal coordinate system.

[0047] Specifically, in step 1222, the third included angle and the fourth included angle are obtained. Then, based on the third included angle , the fourth included angle and each segmented magnetic field spectrum data, a magnetic field correction matrix is constructed to establish the relationship between the corrected segmented magnetic field spectrum data and the uncorrected segmented magnetic field spectrum data. The corrected segmented magnetic field spectrum data includes each magnetic field component obtained by converting the segmented magnetic field spectrum data of each magnetic field observation channel to the orthogonal coordinate system.

[0048] Among them, continuing to take the X-axis in the due north direction as the reference axis as an example, the specific process of step 1224 includes: constructing an orthogonal magnetic field matrix to represent the relationship between the segmented magnetic field spectrum data 、 of each observation channel and the magnetic field components 、 of each magnetic field observation channel in the orthogonal coordinate system. The formula of the orthogonal magnetic field matrix is as follows: ; After obtaining the above orthogonal magnetic field matrix, solving the above equation gives the formula of the magnetic field correction matrix as follows: ; Among them, represents each magnetic field component obtained by converting the segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the first magnetic field observation channel C1 to the orthogonal coordinate system; represents each magnetic field component obtained by converting the segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the second magnetic field observation channel C2 to the orthogonal coordinate system; represents the angle between the layout direction of the first magnetic field observation channel C1 and the reference axis; represents the angle between the layout direction of the second magnetic field observation channel C2 and the reference axis; represents the segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the first magnetic field observation channel C1; represents the segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the second magnetic field observation channel C2.

[0049] Step 124: Based on the electromagnetic field correction matrix, convert the first electromagnetic field spectrum data into the second electromagnetic field spectrum data. The electromagnetic field correction matrix includes an electric field correction matrix and a magnetic field correction matrix.

[0050] In some embodiments, each segmented electric field spectrum data is calculated based on the electric field correction matrix , each electric field component in the corresponding orthogonal coordinate system , ; calculate the magnetic field spectrum data of each segment based on the magnetic field correction matrix , each magnetic field component in the corresponding orthogonal coordinate system , , the second electromagnetic field spectrum data includes each electric field component , and each magnetic field component , . Among them, the electromagnetic field spectrum data of each segment after correction is also the second electromagnetic field spectrum data

[0051] Step 130, calculate the impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data according to the number of electric field observation channels

[0052] In this step, the number of electric field observation channels can be judged, so as to calculate the impedance tensor based on the electromagnetic field spectrum data of each segment after correction using various estimation methods of the impedance tensor according to the number of electric field observation channels. Exemplarily, when there are two electric field observation channels, taking the least squares method as an example, its impedance tensor calculation formula is ; In the formula represents conjugation, and the overline represents summation, that is, the electromagnetic field data of each segment after correction can be combined and superimposed to solve the impedance tensor using the above formula to obtain each component of the impedance tensor , , and . Among them represents and the cross-power spectrum of is the sum of multi-segment cross-power spectra. Among them represents and the cross-power spectrum of is the sum of multi-segment cross-power spectra

[0053] The impedance tensor is a key parameter describing the relationship between the horizontal electric field and the horizontal magnetic field, and its definition is a 2×2 complex matrix, specifically expressed as follows ; where , , and represent the four components of the impedance Represents the electric field component generated in the x - direction under the action of a magnetic field in the x - direction and the magnetic field component The ratio of, that is = / , which reflects the electrical response characteristics of the underground medium in the x - direction, similar to the medium impedance felt by an electromagnetic wave propagating along the x - direction in the one - dimensional case. Represents the electric field component generated in the y - direction under the action of a magnetic field in the y - direction and the magnetic field component The ratio of, that is = / , which reflects the electrical characteristics of the underground medium in the y - direction and is the medium impedance corresponding to an electromagnetic wave propagating along the y - direction. Represents the electric field component generated in the x - direction under the action of a magnetic field in the y - direction and the magnetic field component generated in the y - direction The ratio of, that is = / , this term reflects the influence of the magnetic field in the y - direction on the electric field in the x - direction, reflects the transverse coupling effect of the electrical properties of the underground medium, meaning that a change in the magnetic field in the y - direction will cause an electric field response in the x - direction. Represents the electric field component generated in the y - direction under the action of a magnetic field in the x - direction and the magnetic field component in the x - direction The ratio of, that is = / , reflecting the coupling effect of the magnetic field in the x - direction on the electric field in the y - direction and the mutual influence of the electrical properties of the underground medium in different directions.

[0054] The impedance tensor then establishes a quantitative relationship between the electric field (E) and the magnetic field (H) in the frequency domain, and the mathematical expression is as follows: ; Where: Represents the electric field of the horizontal component, Represents the magnetic field of the horizontal component. Among them, the due - north direction is the X - direction and the due - east direction is the Y - direction.

[0055] The magnetotelluric observation method for any observation direction provided by this application can arrange non - orthogonal electric - field observation channels and magnetic - field observation channels under complex terrain conditions to form non - orthogonal electromagnetic - field observation channels, collect electromagnetic - field data of the non - orthogonal electromagnetic - field observation channels for data processing, and obtain the first electromagnetic - field spectrum data; the first electromagnetic - field spectrum data is corrected to the second electromagnetic - field spectrum data in an orthogonal coordinate system through vector transformation, so as to calculate the impedance tensor. This method allows the electromagnetic observation channels to be arranged in any direction during magnetotelluric observation, reduces the restrictions on the arrangement of electromagnetic observation channels, and does not need to be arranged strictly according to orthogonal observation channels. Therefore, it can conduct magnetotelluric observation under various complex terrains and limited observation conditions, expands the application range of the magnetotelluric sounding method, reduces the observation cost and implementation difficulty, and improves the applicability of the magnetotelluric sounding method in complex areas.

[0056] In some embodiments, calculating the impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic - field spectrum data according to the number of electric - field observation channels includes: Judging the number of electric - field observation channels, and calculating the impedance tensor based on each electric - field component and each magnetic - field component according to the number of electric - field observation channels, where the impedance tensor is characterized by resistivity and phase.

[0057] Specifically, each component of the impedance tensor is a complex number, containing amplitude and phase information, and can comprehensively reflect the resistivity distribution and its changes in different directions underground. Apparent Resistivity and Phase are important characterization parameters of the impedance tensor, used to simplify and explain the physical meaning of the impedance tensor. Apparent Resistivity is an effective parameter for measuring the resistivity of underground media, defined as a function of the impedance amplitude, and the specific expression is: ; where: is the modulus of the impedance, that is , is the angular frequency of the electromagnetic wave, is the magnetic permeability of the medium. Phase represents the phase difference between the electric field and the magnetic field, defined as the arctangent of the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of the impedance: ; When there are two electric - field observation channels, the corresponding apparent resistivity and phase can be calculated for each impedance element, which are hereinafter expressed as , , , , , where , are respectively based on , The calculated apparent resistivity 、 are respectively based on 、 the calculated apparent resistivity 、 are respectively 、 the corresponding phases 、 are respectively 、 the corresponding phases

[0058] When there is only one electric field observation channel, as shown in Figure 4 , let the direction of this electric field observation channel be the x-axis, that is, the first angle = 0°, and assume that the second electric field observation channel does not exist or is ignored. In this case, in step S130, only the segmented electric field spectrum data of one electric field observation channel is converted into the electric field components in the orthogonal coordinate system for calculation. Then, the magnetic field needs to be corrected to the direction. Then, only the and in the impedance tensor are calculated during the impedance tensor process

[0059] Embodiment 2: In this embodiment, the observation effect of the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction provided by the present application is explained by combining synthetic data and measured data

[0060] Synthetic data test: Specifically, using the magnetotelluric forward synthetic time series technology, the electromagnetic field values of a certain measurement point are forward calculated, and the time series data of the normal orthogonal electric and magnetic observation channels are synthesized 、 、 、 , where x is due north is due east. After time-frequency conversion and impedance tensor estimation processing, the results shown in Figure 6 are obtained. The electric and magnetic fields of the forward calculation measurement point are rotated to obtain the segmented electromagnetic field spectrum data 、 、 、 , that is, non-orthogonal frequency domain data is obtained. For example the observation direction of is 6° east of north the observation direction of is 73° east of north the observation direction of is 14° east of north the observation direction of is 69° east of south, and then the corresponding time series is synthesized correspondingly , , , , after time-frequency conversion and impedance tensor estimation processing, the results shown in Figure 7 are obtained. Combining with Figure 9 shown, the time series data of synthetic non-orthogonal electric and magnetic observation channels are synthesized, and processed by the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction provided by this application. The specific process is as follows: After filtering, denoising, segmented FFT, and instrument response correction of the time series data of non-orthogonal electric and magnetic observation channels in step 210, the segmented electromagnetic field spectrum data (i.e., the first electromagnetic field spectrum data) of step 220 are obtained. An electromagnetic field correction matrix is constructed to convert the corresponding segmented electromagnetic field spectrum data into orthogonal components, and the corrected segmented electromagnetic field spectrum data in step 230 are obtained. The number of electric field observation channels is judged, and step 240 is executed to calculate the impedance tensor based on the corrected segmented electromagnetic field spectrum data (i.e., the second electromagnetic field spectrum data), and the results shown in Figure 8 are obtained. Combining with Figures 6 - 8 shown, Figure 7 The result of the uncorrected synthetic data rotation has a large difference from the Figure 6 orthogonal observation result shown in Figure 8 , while the result after rotation correction in Figure 6 is consistent with the orthogonal observation result shown in

[0061] Field data test: Exemplarily, the field data is from a plateau canyon area in the west. Due to the steep terrain in the canyon, there is not enough distance in the direction perpendicular to the canyon to deploy electric field observation channels, and only one electric field observation channel can be deployed along the direction of the canyon. The observation method of two magnetic field observation channels and one electric field observation channel is used for observation. The observation directions of the two magnetic field observation channels are the geomagnetic north-south direction and the geomagnetic east-west direction. Two observation points HM005 and HM006 are selected. The observation directions of the electric field observation channels of the observation points HM005 and HM006 are 60° east of magnetic north and 40° east of magnetic north respectively. Taking 60° east of magnetic north and 40° east of magnetic north as the x direction respectively, combining with Figure 9As shown, in the magnetotelluric observation method using any observation direction, the processing is carried out in steps 210 - 240, that is, after filtering, denoising, segmented FFT, and instrument response correction on the time series data of non - orthogonal electric and magnetic observation channels, the spectral data of the electromagnetic field for each segment are obtained, an electromagnetic field correction matrix is constructed to convert the spectral data of the electromagnetic field for each segment into orthogonal components, and the corrected spectral data of the electromagnetic field for each segment are obtained. According to the number of electric field observation channels, the impedance tensor is calculated based on the corrected spectral data of the electromagnetic field for each segment. There is only one electric field observation channel in this measured data, so only the data of the component is processed to obtain and The results are as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the calculated impedance components and are converted into apparent resistivity and and phase and . From Figure 10 and Figure 11 , it can be found that the four curves are basically continuous in the range of 10000 Hz to 1 Hz.

[0062] Since the core data basis for magnetotelluric inversion lies in the impedance tensor information of the measurement points. The complete impedance tensor contains four independent components: Z xx , Z xy , Z yx , Z yy . These electromagnetic response parameters together constitute the spatial frequency - domain representation of the underground electrical structure. It is worth emphasizing that the inclusiveness of the inversion algorithm for data integrity has been verified both theoretically and practically: even if there are missing measurement points, frequency points, or impedance components, a robust inversion of the geoelectric model can be achieved only with the effective data of the Z xy and Z yx two - component data, which provides important theoretical support for non - ideal data conditions in actual exploration. The magnetotelluric observation method with any observation direction provided in this application innovatively breaks through traditional limitations and can stably obtain high - quality impedance data containing the Z xx and Z xy components under complex site conditions. For the problem of inconsistent observation azimuths of measurement points, during the inversion calculation, the forward modeling results for each time can be rotated to the impedance observation direction, and the rotated results can be used to fit the observed data to solve the problem. Therefore, the data obtained by the magnetotelluric observation method with any observation direction provided in this application meets the data requirements of traditional magnetotelluric inversion. As shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, a schematic diagram of the inversion model after three-dimensional inversion of the impedance tensor obtained by the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction provided by the present application in a certain work area and a schematic diagram of the isobath surface slice are shown by way of example. The inversion model has high resolution and sufficient detection depth, which further proves the validity of the impedance tensor obtained by the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction provided by the present application.

[0063] Embodiment three: Another embodiment of the present application relates to a magnetotelluric observation device for any observation direction. The implementation details of the magnetotelluric observation device for any observation direction of this embodiment are specifically described below. The following content is only the implementation details provided for the convenience of understanding and is not necessary for the implementation of this solution. The schematic diagram of the magnetotelluric observation device for any observation direction of this embodiment can be as follows: Figure 14 As shown, including: The acquisition module 100 is used to collect electromagnetic field data of the electromagnetic field observation channel in the magnetotelluric sounding in the observation area, perform data processing, and obtain first electromagnetic field spectrum data; the electromagnetic field observation channel includes at least one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels, and the layout direction of each electric field observation channel and the layout direction of each magnetic field observation channel are non-orthogonal settings; The correction module 200 is used to perform vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain second electromagnetic field spectrum data, where the second electromagnetic field spectrum data is orthogonal electromagnetic field data in an orthogonal coordinate system; The calculation module 300 is used to calculate the impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data according to the number of electric field observation channels.

[0064] In some embodiments, the correction module 200 is further used to construct an electromagnetic field correction matrix based on the layout direction of the electromagnetic field observation channel, and the electromagnetic field correction matrix is ​​used to characterize the conversion relationship between the second electromagnetic field spectrum data and the first electromagnetic field spectrum data; Based on the electromagnetic field correction matrix, the first electromagnetic field spectrum data is converted into second electromagnetic field spectrum data.

[0065] In some embodiments, the acquisition module 100 is further used to respectively acquire electric field time series data of each electric field observation channel and magnetic field time series data of each magnetic field observation channel, and the electromagnetic field data includes electric field time series data and magnetic field time series data; Each electric field time series data and each magnetic field time series data are segmented and transformed in the time domain to obtain each segmented electric field spectrum data and each segmented magnetic field spectrum data. The first electromagnetic field spectrum data includes each segmented electric field spectrum data and each segmented magnetic field spectrum data.

[0066] In some embodiments, the correction module 200 is further used to select any coordinate axis of the orthogonal coordinate system in magnetotelluric sounding as the reference axis; Obtain the respective angles between the layout directions of each electric field observation channel and the reference axis to obtain a first set of angles, and the respective angles between the layout directions of each magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis to obtain a second set of angles; Construct an electric field correction matrix based on the first set of angles and the segmented electric field spectrum data; Construct a magnetic field correction matrix based on the second set of angles and the segmented magnetic field spectrum data. The electromagnetic field correction matrix includes the electric field correction matrix and the magnetic field correction matrix.

[0067] In some embodiments, the correction module 200 is further configured to obtain each electric field component in the orthogonal coordinate system corresponding to the segmented electric field spectrum data based on the electric field correction matrix; Based on the magnetic field correction matrix, obtain each magnetic field component in the orthogonal coordinate system corresponding to the segmented magnetic field spectrum data. The second electromagnetic field spectrum data includes each electric field component and each magnetic field component.

[0068] In some embodiments, the electric field observation channels in the electromagnetic field observation channels include a first electric field observation channel and a second electric field observation channel, and the magnetic field observation channels in the electromagnetic field observation channels include a first magnetic field observation channel and a second magnetic field observation channel; The electric field correction matrix is represented by the following formula: ; In the formula, represents each electric field component obtained by converting the segmented electric field spectrum data of the first electric field observation channel to the orthogonal coordinate system; represents each electric field component obtained by converting the segmented electric field spectrum data of the second electric field observation channel to the orthogonal coordinate system; represents the angle between the layout direction of the first electric field observation channel and the reference axis; represents the angle between the layout direction of the second electric field observation channel and the reference axis; take the X-axis in the due north direction as the reference axis; represents the segmented electric field spectrum data of the first electric field observation channel; represents the segmented electric field spectrum data of the second electric field observation channel; The magnetic field correction matrix is represented by the following formula: ; In the formula, represents each magnetic field component obtained by converting the segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the first magnetic field observation channel to the orthogonal coordinate system; represents each magnetic field component obtained by converting the segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the second magnetic field observation channel to the orthogonal coordinate system; represents the angle between the layout direction of the first magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis; Indicates the angle between the layout direction of the second magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis; the X-axis in the due north direction is taken as the reference axis; Represents the magnetic field spectrum data of each segment of the first magnetic field observation channel; Represents the magnetic field spectrum data of each segment of the second magnetic field observation channel.

[0069] In some embodiments, the calculation module 300 is further configured to determine the number of electric field observation channels; based on the number of electric field observation channels, calculate the impedance tensor based on each electric field component and each magnetic field component, and the impedance tensor is characterized by resistivity and phase.

[0070] It is worth mentioning that each module involved in this embodiment is a logic module. In practical applications, a logic unit can be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or a combination of multiple physical units. In addition, to highlight the innovative part of this application, units not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed in this application are not introduced in this embodiment, but this does not mean that there are no other units in this embodiment.

[0071] Embodiment Four: Another embodiment of this application relates to an electronic device, as Figure 15 shown, including: at least one processor 901; and a memory 902 communicatively connected to the at least one processor 901; wherein, the memory 902 stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 901, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor 901 to enable the at least one processor 901 to execute the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction in the above embodiments.

[0072] Among them, the memory and the processor are connected in a bus manner. The bus can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, and the bus connects various circuits of one or more processors and memories together. The bus can also connect various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, so they will not be further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver can be an element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, and provides a unit for communicating with various other devices on the transmission medium. The data processed by the processor is transmitted over the wireless medium through the antenna. Further, the antenna also receives data and transmits the data to the processor.

[0073] The processor is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interface, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. The memory can be used to store the data used by the processor when performing operations.

[0074] Embodiment Five: Another embodiment of the present application relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above method embodiment is implemented.

[0075] That is, those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in implementing the above method embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program. The program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a device (which can be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM), random access memories (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0076] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above embodiments are some embodiments for implementing the present application, and in practical applications, various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A magnetotelluric observation method for any observation direction, characterized in that, Including: Collecting electromagnetic field data of electromagnetic field observation channels in magnetotelluric sounding of an observation area, performing data processing to obtain first electromagnetic field spectrum data; the electromagnetic field observation channels include at least one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels, and the layout directions of the electric field observation channels and the layout directions of the magnetic field observation channels are all non-orthogonal settings; Performing vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain second electromagnetic field spectrum data, and the second electromagnetic field spectrum data is orthogonal electromagnetic field data in an orthogonal coordinate system; Calculating an impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data according to the number of the electric field observation channels.

2. The magnetotelluric observation method for any observation direction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Performing vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain second electromagnetic field spectrum data, including: Constructing an electromagnetic field correction matrix based on the layout directions of the electromagnetic field observation channels, and the electromagnetic field correction matrix is used to represent the conversion relationship between the second electromagnetic field spectrum data and the first electromagnetic field spectrum data; Based on the electromagnetic field correction matrix, converting the first electromagnetic field spectrum data into the second electromagnetic field spectrum data.

3. The magnetotelluric observation method for any observation direction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Collecting electromagnetic field data of electromagnetic field observation channels in magnetotelluric sounding of an observation area, performing data processing to obtain first electromagnetic field spectrum data, including: Respectively collecting the electric field time series data of each electric field observation channel and the magnetic field time series data of each magnetic field observation channel, and the electromagnetic field data includes the electric field time series data and the magnetic field time series data; Respectively performing time domain transformation on each electric field time series data and each magnetic field time series data to correspondingly obtain each segmented electric field spectrum data and each segmented magnetic field spectrum data, and the first electromagnetic field spectrum data includes each segmented electric field spectrum data and each segmented magnetic field spectrum data.

4. The magnetotelluric observation method for any observation direction according to claim 3, characterized in that, Constructing an electromagnetic field correction matrix based on the layout directions of the electromagnetic field observation channels, including: Selecting any coordinate axis of the orthogonal coordinate system in the magnetotelluric sounding as a reference axis; Obtaining each angle between the layout direction of each electric field observation channel and the reference axis to obtain a first angle set, and obtaining each angle between the layout direction of each magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis to obtain a second angle set; Constructing an electric field correction matrix based on the first angle set and each segmented electric field spectrum data; Constructing a magnetic field correction matrix based on the second angle set and each segmented magnetic field spectrum data, and the electromagnetic field correction matrix includes the electric field correction matrix and the magnetic field correction matrix.

5. The magnetotelluric observation method for any observation direction according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the electromagnetic field correction matrix, converting the first electromagnetic field spectrum data into the second electromagnetic field spectrum data, including: Based on the electric field correction matrix, obtaining each electric field component corresponding to each segmented electric field spectrum data in the orthogonal coordinate system; Based on the magnetic field correction matrix, obtaining each magnetic field component corresponding to each segmented magnetic field spectrum data in the orthogonal coordinate system, and the second electromagnetic field spectrum data includes each electric field component and each magnetic field component.

6. The magnetotelluric observation method for any observation direction according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electric field observation channels in the electromagnetic field observation channels include a first electric field observation channel and a second electric field observation channel, and the magnetic field observation channels in the electromagnetic field observation channels include a first magnetic field observation channel and a second magnetic field observation channel; The electric field correction matrix is represented by the following formula: ； In the formula, represents each segmented electric field spectrum data of the first electric field observation channel converted to each electric field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; represents each segmented electric field spectrum data of the second electric field observation channel converted to each electric field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; represents the angle between the layout direction of the first electric field observation channel and the reference axis; represents the angle between the layout direction of the second electric field observation channel and the reference axis; the X-axis in the due north direction is taken as the reference axis; represents each segmented electric field spectrum data of the first electric field observation channel; represents each segmented electric field spectrum data of the second electric field observation channel; The magnetic field correction matrix is represented by the following formula: ； In the formula, represents each segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the first magnetic field observation channel converted to each magnetic field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; represents each segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the second magnetic field observation channel converted to each magnetic field component in the orthogonal coordinate system; represents the angle between the layout direction of the first magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis; represents the angle between the layout direction of the second magnetic field observation channel and the reference axis; the X-axis in the due north direction is taken as the reference axis; represents each segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the first magnetic field observation channel; represents each segmented magnetic field spectrum data of the second magnetic field observation channel.

7. The magnetotelluric observation method for any observation direction according to claim 6, characterized in that, Calculating the impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data according to the number of the electric field observation channels includes: Judging the number of the electric field observation channels; Calculating the impedance tensor based on each electric field component and each magnetic field component according to the number of the electric field observation channels, and the impedance tensor is characterized by resistivity and phase.

8. A magnetotelluric observation method and device for any observation direction, characterized in that, Including: An acquisition module, configured to acquire electromagnetic field data of electromagnetic field observation channels in magnetotelluric sounding in an observation area for data processing to obtain first electromagnetic field spectrum data; the electromagnetic field observation channels include at least one electric field observation channel and two magnetic field observation channels, and the arrangement directions of the electric field observation channels and the arrangement directions of the magnetic field observation channels are all non-orthogonal settings; A correction module, configured to perform vector transformation correction on the first electromagnetic field spectrum data to obtain second electromagnetic field spectrum data, and the second electromagnetic field spectrum data is orthogonal electromagnetic field data in an orthogonal coordinate system; A calculation module, configured to calculate an impedance tensor based on the second electromagnetic field spectrum data according to the number of the electric field observation channels.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including: At least one processor; And, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the magnetotelluric observation method in any observation direction according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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