Heat energy management system of fixed fuel cell power generation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat energy management system of a fixed fuel cell power generation device, which comprises a fuel cell, a cooling liquid circulating pump and an air cooling radiator, and is characterized by further comprising a cooling liquid three-way valve, a liquid / liquid heat exchanger, a hot water circulating pump and a domestic hot water device, when the domestic hot water device needs heat, cooling liquid of the fuel cell flows through the liquid / liquid heat exchanger by switching the flow direction of the cooling liquid three-way valve, and the heat is transferred into the domestic hot water device; when the domestic hot water device does not need heat any more, the cooling liquid of the fuel cell flows through the air cooling radiator by switching the flow direction of the cooling liquid three-way valve, and the heat is directly discharged into the air; the system has the beneficial effects that heat tracing during power generation of the fuel cell can be fully utilized to provide required heat for the domestic hot water device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy, and relates to a fuel cell power generation device using hydrogen as fuel, specifically a heat energy management system for a stationary fuel cell power generation device. Background Art

[0002] At present, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are mainly used in two application scenarios. One is a mobile power generation device, such as a power source for an automobile; the other is a stationary power generation device, such as for power consumption in places far from the power grid, such as islands, mountainous areas, border sentry posts, geological exploration, and field construction. Currently, the heat energy management system of a stationary fuel cell power generation device, as Figure 2 shown, in order to maintain the operating temperature of the fuel cell 10 at the optimal state, it is necessary to timely discharge the heat generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10 to prevent the fuel cell from being damaged due to overheating. The main method is to adopt a coolant circulation cooling method. The heat generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10 is absorbed by the coolant and transported by the coolant circulation pump 20 to the air-cooled radiator 23. Under the action of the fan, the heat is dissipated into the air by the air flow. Since only less than 50% of the total energy of the hydrogen fuel consumed during the power generation of the fuel cell is converted into electrical energy, and the remaining more than 50% is ultimately converted into heat energy. If the heat is directly dissipated into the air by the air flow, the overall efficiency of the system is very low. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Object of the Invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heat energy management system for a stationary fuel cell power generation device, which can make full use of the heat generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell and greatly improve the overall efficiency of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0004] A heat energy management system for a stationary fuel cell power generation device includes: a fuel cell, a coolant circulation pump, and an air-cooled radiator. It is characterized in that it further includes a coolant three-way valve, a liquid / liquid heat exchanger, a hot water circulation pump, and a domestic hot water device; Wherein, the outlet of the coolant circulation pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell, the coolant outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the common port of the coolant three-way valve, the left port of the coolant three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled radiator, and the outlet of the air-cooled radiator is connected to the inlet of the coolant circulation pump; the right port of the coolant three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the hot side channel of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger, and the outlet of the hot side channel of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the coolant circulation pump; the outlet of the hot water circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the cold side channel of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger, the outlet of the cold side channel of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the domestic hot water device, and the outlet of the domestic hot water device is connected to the inlet of the hot water circulation pump; The advantages of doing so are as follows. When the domestic hot water device needs heat, the coolant three-way valve can be switched so that its common port is shut off from the left port and opened to the right port. Then, the coolant will carry the heat generated during the fuel cell power generation process into the hot side channel of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger and heat the circulating water in the cold side channel. After heating, the circulating water is transported to the domestic hot water device under the action of the hot water circulation pump, thereby making full use of the heat generated during the fuel cell power generation process. The rotation speed of the hot water circulation pump can be adjusted to control the flow rate of the circulating water in the cold side channel of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange amount is within an appropriate range, thereby ensuring that the fuel cell operates at the optimal temperature. When the domestic hot water device does not need heat, the coolant three-way valve can be switched so that its common port is shut off from the right port and opened to the left port. Then, the coolant will carry the heat generated during the fuel cell power generation process into the air-cooled radiator, and the heat will be directly discharged into the air under the action of the fan, ensuring that the fuel cell will not be damaged due to overheating and can operate at the optimal temperature.

[0005] Furthermore, it also includes a cathode exhaust gas three-way valve and a gas / liquid heat exchanger. The cathode outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the common port of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve. The upper port of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the hot side channel of the gas / liquid heat exchanger. The outlet of the hot side channel of the gas / liquid heat exchanger is connected to the tail gas discharge pipe. The lower port of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve is connected to the tail gas discharge pipe. The cold side channel of the gas / liquid heat exchanger is connected in series between the outlet of the hot water circulation pump and the inlet of the cold side channel of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger. The advantages of doing so are as follows. When the domestic hot water device needs heat, the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve can be switched so that its common port is shut off from the lower port and opened to the upper port. Then, during the fuel cell power generation process, the heat of the cathode exhaust gas is carried into the hot side channel of the gas / liquid heat exchanger, and the circulating water in the cold side channel takes away the heat and then enters the cold side channel of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger to be further heated. After heating, the circulating water enters the domestic hot water device under the action of the hot water circulation pump, thereby making full use of the heat generated during the fuel cell power generation process. When the domestic hot water device no longer needs heat, the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve can be switched so that its common port is opened to the lower port and shut off from the upper port. Then, during the fuel cell power generation process, the heat carried by the cathode exhaust gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere from the tail gas discharge pipe. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the background technology; Reference Signs: 10 - Fuel cell, 11 - Cathode channel, 11a - Cathode outlet, 12 - Coolant channel, 12a - Coolant inlet, 12b - Coolant outlet, 13 - Anode channel, 20 - Coolant circulation pump, 21 - Coolant three - way valve, 21a - Common port of coolant three - way valve, 21b - Left port of coolant three - way valve, 21c - Right port of coolant three - way valve, 22 - Liquid - liquid heat exchanger, 22a - Hot - side channel of liquid - liquid heat exchanger, 22b - Cold - side channel of liquid - liquid heat exchanger, 23 - Air - cooled radiator, 30 - Cathode exhaust gas three - way valve, 30a - Common port of cathode exhaust gas three - way valve, 30b - Upper port of cathode exhaust gas three - way valve, 30c - Lower port of cathode exhaust gas three - way valve, 31 - Gas - liquid heat exchanger, 31a - Hot - side channel of gas - liquid heat exchanger, 31b - Cold - side channel of gas - liquid heat exchanger, 32 - Tail gas discharge pipe, 40 - Hot water circulation pump, 41 - Domestic hot water device. Embodiment

[0007] It should be noted that certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components; those skilled in the art should understand that technicians may use different terms to refer to the same component; the specification and claims do not use the difference in terms as a way to distinguish components, but use the difference in the functions of components as the criterion for distinction; for example, the term "comprising" or "including" mentioned throughout the specification and claims is an open - ended term, so it should be interpreted as "including but not limited to"; the directional terms such as "upper, lower, left, right" mentioned in the specification and claims are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and are not limited to the assembly position or orientation in the physical product, so it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention; For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following will further explain with specific embodiments in conjunction with the drawings: Figure 1 This is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A thermal energy management system for a stationary fuel cell power generation device includes: a fuel cell 10, a coolant circulation pump 20, an air - cooled radiator 23, a coolant three - way valve 21, a liquid - liquid heat exchanger 22, a hot water circulation pump 40, and a domestic hot water device 41; it should be noted that the domestic hot water device 41 is set outside the actual product of the present invention and only belongs to the component of the present invention during actual operation; the domestic hot water device 41 can be a water heater, building floor heating pipes, building indoor heaters, etc. Among them, the outlet of the coolant circulation pump 20 is connected to the coolant inlet 12a of the fuel cell 10, the coolant outlet 12b of the fuel cell 10 is connected to the common port 21a of the coolant three-way valve, the left port 21b of the coolant three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled radiator 23, and the outlet of the air-cooled radiator 23 is connected to the inlet of the coolant circulation pump 20; the right port 21c of the coolant three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the hot-side channel 22a of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger 22, and the outlet of the hot-side channel 22a of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger 22 is connected to the inlet of the coolant circulation pump 20; the outlet of the hot water circulation pump 40 is connected to the inlet of the cold-side channel 22b of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger 22, the outlet of the cold-side channel 22b of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger 22 is connected to the inlet of the domestic hot water device 41, and the outlet of the domestic hot water device 41 is connected to the inlet of the hot water circulation pump 40; During the power generation process of the fuel cell, when the domestic hot water device 41 needs heat, the coolant three-way valve 21 can be switched so that its common port 21a and left port 21b are shut off, and its common port 21a and right port 21c are opened. Then the coolant will carry the heat generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10 into the hot-side channel 22a of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger 22 and heat the circulating water in the cold-side channel 22b. After heating, the circulating water is transported to the domestic hot water device 41 under the action of the hot water circulation pump 40, so as to make full use of the heat generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10; the rotation speed of the hot water circulation pump 40 can be adjusted to control the flow rate of the circulating water in the cold-side channel 22b of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger 22, so that the heat exchange amount is within an appropriate range, thereby ensuring that the fuel cell 10 works at the optimal temperature; when the domestic hot water device 41 no longer needs heat, the coolant three-way valve 21 can be switched so that its common port 21a and right port 21c are shut off, and its common port 21a and left port 21b are opened. Then the coolant will carry the heat generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10 into the air-cooled radiator 23, and the heat will be directly discharged into the air under the action of the fan, ensuring that the fuel cell 10 will not be damaged due to overheating and can work at the optimal temperature.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a cathode exhaust gas three-way valve 30 and a gas / liquid heat exchanger 31. The cathode outlet 11a of the stack is connected to the common port 30a of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve 30. The upper port 30b of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve 30 is connected to the inlet of the hot-side channel 31a of the gas / liquid heat exchanger 31, and the outlet of the hot-side channel 31a of the gas / liquid heat exchanger 31 is connected to the tail gas discharge pipe 32. The lower port 30c of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve 31 is connected to the tail gas discharge pipe 32; the cold-side channel 31b of the gas / liquid heat exchanger 31 is connected in series between the outlet of the hot water circulation pump 40 and the inlet of the cold-side channel 22b of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger 22; During the power generation process of the fuel cell, when the domestic hot water device 41 requires heat, the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve 30 can be switched so that its common port 30a is closed with the lower port 30c and its common port 30a is opened with the upper port 30b. Then, during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10, the heat of the cathode exhaust gas is brought into the hot side channel 31a of the gas / liquid heat exchanger 31, and the heat is carried away by the circulating water in the cold side channel 31b and then enters the cold side channel 22b of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger 22 to be further heated. After heating, the circulating water enters the domestic hot water device 41 under the action of the hot water circulation pump 40. In this way, the heat carried by the cathode exhaust gas during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10 is also fully utilized; when the domestic hot water device 41 no longer requires heat, the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve 30 can be switched so that its common port 30a is opened with the lower port 30c and its common port 30a is closed with the upper port 30b. Then, during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10, the heat carried by the cathode exhaust gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere from the tail gas discharge pipe 32.

[0009] The present invention fully utilizes the heat carried by the coolant and the cathode exhaust gas during the power generation process of the fuel cell 10, so that the overall electrical and thermal efficiency of the machine is very high.

[0010] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments and application fields. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and guiding, rather than restrictive. Those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms under the inspiration of this specification and without departing from the scope protected by the claims of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal energy management system for a stationary fuel cell power generation device, comprising: Fuel cell (10), coolant circulation pump (20), air-cooled radiator (23), characterized in that: it further includes a coolant three-way valve (21), a liquid / liquid heat exchanger (22), a hot water circulation pump (40), and a domestic hot water device (41); connect the outlet of the coolant circulation pump (20) to the coolant inlet (12a) of the fuel cell (10), connect the coolant outlet (12b) of the fuel cell (10) to the common port (21a) of the coolant three-way valve, connect the left port (21b) of the coolant three-way valve to the inlet of the air-cooled radiator (23), and connect the outlet of the air-cooled radiator (23) to the inlet of the coolant circulation pump (20); connect the right port (21c) of the coolant three-way valve to the inlet of the hot side channel (22a) of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger (22), and connect the outlet of the hot side channel (22a) of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger (22) to the inlet of the coolant circulation pump (20); connect the outlet of the hot water circulation pump (40) to the inlet of the cold side channel (22b) of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger (22), connect the outlet of the cold side channel (22b) of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger (22) to the inlet of the domestic hot water device (41), and connect the outlet of the domestic hot water device (41) to the inlet of the hot water circulation pump (40).

2. The thermal energy management system of a stationary fuel cell power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a cathode exhaust gas three-way valve (30), a gas / liquid heat exchanger (31), connect the cathode outlet (11a) of the stack to the common port (30a) of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve (30), connect the upper port (30b) of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve (30) to the inlet of the hot side channel (31a) of the gas / liquid heat exchanger (31), connect the outlet of the hot side channel (31a) of the gas / liquid heat exchanger (31) to the tail gas discharge pipe (32), and connect the lower port (30c) of the cathode exhaust gas three-way valve (31) to the tail gas discharge pipe (32); connect the cold side channel (31b) of the gas / liquid heat exchanger (31) in series between the outlet of the hot water circulation pump (40) and the inlet of the cold side channel (22b) of the liquid / liquid heat exchanger (22).

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