Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device and water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization system

Abstract

The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated fertigation device and a water and fertilizer integrated fertigation system. The water and fertilizer integrated fertigation device comprises a fertilizer supply module, a water supply module, a fertilizer mixing module and a water and fertilizer output module, wherein the fertilizer supply module is used for adding a fertilizer into the fertilizer mixing module; the water supply module is used for adding water into the fertilizer mixing module; the fertilizer mixing module is used for mixing the fertilizer and water in a predetermined proportion into a water and fertilizer mixed solution; and the water-fertilizer output module is used for converting the kinetic energy of the water-fertilizer mixed liquid into electric energy and outputting the water-fertilizer mixed liquid at a predetermined flow rate. Through conversion of kinetic energy of water and fertilizer mixed liquid into electric energy in the irrigation process, self power generation of the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization system is realized, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the environmental adaptability is high, dependence of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization on external power supply is reduced, and the application prospect is wide. The adaptability of the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device in a power supply difficulty environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation and fertilization, and particularly to an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device and an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system. Background Art

[0002] The integrated water and fertilizer technology is a new agricultural technology that combines irrigation and fertilization. Through a pipeline system, soluble solid or liquid fertilizers are mixed with irrigation water, and the crop root development and growth areas are evenly, regularly, and quantitatively infiltrated. This technology can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and fertilizers and promote the healthy growth of crops. In modern agricultural production, the integrated water and fertilizer technology has been widely applied due to its characteristics of high water conservation and precise fertilization. During the growth process of crops, water and fertilizer management is crucial. Scientific water and fertilizer management can promote the growth and development of crops and improve the yield and quality of crops.

[0003] Field environment monitoring is the key to improving crop yield and quality and saving resources. To achieve precision agriculture, integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization requires installing sensors in the field to monitor soil information in real time, so as to adjust irrigation and fertilization strategies accordingly. However, traditional integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization devices only play a role in mixing fertilizers and rely on external power supply. There are problems such as limited energy and the need to configure an external power supply system to supply power to electrical equipment, which restricts their application in remote areas with difficult power supply and low power supply quality and other harsh environments.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device and an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system to solve the problems in the existing technology that integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization completely rely on external power supply, have limited energy, and need to configure an external power supply system to supply power to electrical equipment.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device, which includes: a fertilizer supply module, a water supply module, a fertilizer mixing module, and a water and fertilizer output module; wherein, The fertilizer supply module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module and is used to add fertilizers to the fertilizer mixing module; The water supply module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module and is used to add water to the fertilizer mixing module; The fertilizer mixing module is used to mix fertilizers and water in a pre-determined ratio into a water and fertilizer mixture; The water and fertilizer output module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module. The water and fertilizer output module is used to convert the kinetic energy of the water and fertilizer mixture into first electric energy and output the water and fertilizer mixture at a pre-determined flow rate.

[0007] A further arrangement of the present invention, the water and fertilizer output module includes: a water and fertilizer delivery pipeline, a solenoid valve, and a liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator. Among them, the solenoid valve is connected to the fertilizer mixing module through the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline for controlling the flow rate of the water and fertilizer mixture; the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator is arranged inside the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline for converting the kinetic energy of the water and fertilizer mixture into the first electric energy.

[0008] A further arrangement of the present invention, the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator includes: a substrate, a bottom electrode, a friction layer, and a top electrode; among them, The substrate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline. The bottom electrode is fixedly installed on the surface of the substrate. The friction layer is sprayed above the bottom electrode for direct contact with the water and fertilizer mixture; the top electrode is fixedly installed above the friction layer, and the top electrode is arranged parallel to the direction of liquid flow.

[0009] A further arrangement of the present invention, the bottom electrode is made of a transparent conductive material.

[0010] A further arrangement of the present invention, the water supply module includes a water tank and a water supply pump. The water tank is connected to the input end of the water supply pump, and the output end of the water supply pump is connected to the fertilizer mixing module; the fertilizer mixing module includes a mixing tank and a stirring structure. The upper port of the mixing tank is connected to the output end of the fertilizer supply module. The first lower port of the mixing tank is connected to the output end of the water supply module. The second lower port of the mixing tank is connected to the water and fertilizer output module. The stirring structure is rotatably connected inside the tank body of the mixing tank.

[0011] A further arrangement of the present invention, further includes a monitoring module. The monitoring module is arranged at the upper end of the inner wall of the fertilizer mixing module facing away from the fertilizer supply module for monitoring the stirring condition of the water and fertilizer mixture.

[0012] A further arrangement of the present invention, the fertilizer supply module includes a batching box and a funnel. Among them, the batching box is arranged on the outer surface at the top of the fertilizer mixing module for containing fertilizers, and the funnel is detachably connected to the fertilizer mixing module.

[0013] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization system, which includes: the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device as described above, an energy management module, a sensor monitoring module, a data processing module, and a water and fertilizer integrated control module; among them, The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device is used for preparing a water and fertilizer mixture and converting the kinetic energy of the water and fertilizer mixture into the first electric energy; One end of the energy management module is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device, and the other end of the energy management module is connected to the sensor monitoring module. The energy management module is used to convert the first electric energy of the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device into the second electric energy, and the second electric energy is used to supply power to the sensor monitoring module; The sensor monitoring module is used to monitor and collect working data; the working data includes: soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, soil pH, organic matter content, water and fertilizer component content, pipeline fertilizer solution flow rate and pipeline fertilizer solution concentration; One end of the data processing module is connected to the sensor monitoring module, and the other end of the data processing module is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer control module. It is used to process and analyze the collected working data and output a feedback control signal to the integrated water and fertilizer control module; The integrated water and fertilizer control module is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device, and is used to adjust the working parameters of the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device according to the feedback control signal.

[0014] In a further setting of the present invention, the sensor monitoring module includes a self-driven sensor module and an energy supply and power generation monitoring module; wherein, The self-driven sensor module is used to monitor the field parameters and fertilization parameters during the application of the water and fertilizer mixture; the energy supply and power generation monitoring module is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device and is used to obtain the power generation parameters in the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device.

[0015] In a further setting of the present invention, it further includes a remote communication module. The remote communication module is connected to the output end of the data processing module and is used to transmit the working data to a remote monitoring platform.

[0016] The present invention discloses an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device and an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device includes: a fertilizer supply module, a water supply module, a fertilizer mixing module, and a water and fertilizer output module; wherein, the fertilizer supply module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module and is used to add fertilizer to the fertilizer mixing module; the water supply module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module and is used to add water to the fertilizer mixing module; the fertilizer mixing module is used to mix the fertilizer and water in a predetermined ratio into a water and fertilizer mixture; the water and fertilizer output module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module, and the water and fertilizer output module is used to convert the kinetic energy of the water and fertilizer mixture into electric energy and output the water and fertilizer mixture at a predetermined flow rate. While realizing the integration of water and fertilizer, the present invention converts the kinetic energy of the water and fertilizer mixture into electric energy, realizes the self-power generation of the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device, and improves the adaptability of the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device in an environment with difficult power supply. Description of the Drawings

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization system in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a simple circuit schematic diagram when the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator works in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a working schematic diagram of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator in the water and fertilizer conveying pipeline in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the power generation principle of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 It is an equivalent circuit diagram when the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator is open circuit in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 It is an equivalent circuit diagram when the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator is closed circuit in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals in the drawings: 100, water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device; 200, energy management module; 300, sensor monitoring module; 400, data processing module; 500, water and fertilizer integrated control module; 110, fertilizer supply module; 120, water supply module; 130, fertilizer mixing module; 140, water and fertilizer output module; 150, monitoring module; 310, self-powered sensor module; 320, power supply and power generation monitoring module; 111, batching tank; 112, funnel; 121, water tank; 122, water supply pump; 131, mixing tank; 132, stirring structure; 141, liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator; 1411, substrate; 1412, bottom electrode; 1413, friction layer; 1414, top electrode. Detailed embodiments

[0026] The present invention provides an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system. To make the objectives, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and more definite, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] In the embodiments and the scope of the patent application, unless otherwise specifically defined in the text for articles, the words "a", "an", "the" and "said" may also include the plural form. If there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, such descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0028] It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the description of the present invention means the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their groups. It should be understood that when we say an element is "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be intermediate elements. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The phrase "and / or" used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0029] Those skilled in the art of the present technology can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with an idealized or overly formal meaning unless specifically defined as here.

[0030] In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0031] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system provided by the present invention includes: an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device 100, an energy management module 200, a sensor monitoring module 300, a data processing module 400, and an integrated water and fertilizer control module 500; wherein, the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device 100 is used to configure a water and fertilizer mixture and convert the kinetic energy of the water and fertilizer mixture into first electric energy; one end of the energy management module 200 is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device 100, and the other end of the energy management module 200 is connected to the sensor monitoring module 300. The energy management module 200 converts the first electric energy into second electric energy, and the second electric energy is used to supply power to the sensor monitoring module 300; the sensor monitoring module 300 is used to monitor and collect working data; one end of the data processing module 400 is connected to the sensor monitoring module 300, and the other end of the data processing module 400 is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer control module 500, which is used to process and analyze the collected working data and output a feedback control signal to the integrated water and fertilizer control module 500; the integrated water and fertilizer control module 500 is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device 100, and is used to adjust the working parameters of the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device 100 according to the feedback control signal. In addition, a remote communication module 410 is further included, and the remote communication module 410 is connected to the output end of the data processing module 400 and is used to transmit the working data to a remote monitoring platform.

[0032] Specifically, the output end of the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100 is connected to the irrigation equipment in the field through a water and fertilizer delivery pipeline. The water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100 is used to configure the water and fertilizer mixture. When irrigation and fertilization are required for field crops, the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100 outputs the water and fertilizer mixture to the field crops through the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline, and uses the flowing energy of the water and fertilizer mixture in the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline for power generation and converts it into the first electric energy. The energy management module 200 internally includes a conversion circuit that converts the first electric energy into the second electric energy suitable for powering the sensor monitoring module 300, thereby realizing energy collection, storage, and conversion. Preferably, the first electric energy is alternating current electric energy, and the second electric energy is direct current electric energy. The energy management module 200 internally includes an AC-DC conversion circuit for converting the alternating current electric energy into direct current electric energy. The power supply end of the sensor monitoring module 300 receives the second electric energy, and real-time collects the field data during the irrigation and fertilization process and the power generation data during the power generation process of the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100 as working data, and respectively outputs the working data to the data processing module 400 and the remote communication module 410. The data processing module 400 performs arithmetic processing and analysis on the received working data, generates corresponding feedback control signals, and the water and fertilizer integrated control module 500 accurately adjusts the fertilizer addition formula of the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100 according to the feedback signals. The water and fertilizer integrated control module 500 calculates the required irrigation amount and fertilization amount of the crops according to the feedback control signals through a preset algorithm model, thereby realizing precise irrigation and fertilization operations. At the same time, the remote communication module 410 transmits the working data to the remote monitoring platform, obtains various information during the operation of the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization system through the remote monitoring platform, and performs visual display through a display, facilitating farmers or other management personnel to view. Preferably, the remote communication module 410 uses wireless communication technologies such as LoRa and Bluetooth to realize the remote transmission of working data.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, when in harsh environmental areas such as arid and water-scarce regions, the irrigation equipment can be selected as drip irrigation pipes to achieve the effects of water conservation and yield increase. Specifically, a gate valve is provided at the connection end of the drip irrigation pipe and the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline. A number of drip irrigation branch pipes are provided on the surface of the drip irrigation pipe, and drip heads are provided on the drip irrigation branch pipes. The drip heads are buried at the roots of the crops to minimize evaporation loss.

[0034] Further, the sensor monitoring module 300 includes a self-driven sensor module 310 and an energy supply and power generation monitoring module 320. Among them, the self-driven sensor module 310 is used to monitor the field parameters and fertilization parameters during the application of the water-fertilizer mixture. The energy supply and power generation monitoring module 320 is connected to the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100 and is used to obtain the power generation parameters in the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100. Exemplarily, the relevant power generation parameters obtained by the energy supply and power generation monitoring module 320 include the output voltage, output current, power generation efficiency, etc. when the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100 outputs the first electric energy. At the same time, the self-driven sensor module 310 may include: a soil organic matter sensor, a PH sensor, a nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium sensor, and a water-fertilizer flow rate and concentration sensor between pipelines, to monitor key parameters such as the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, soil PH, organic matter content, water-fertilizer component content, fertilizer solution flow rate in the pipeline, and fertilizer solution concentration in the pipeline during field parameters and water-fertilizer application process.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device 100 includes: a fertilizer supply module 110, a water supply module 120, a fertilizer mixing module 130, and a water-fertilizer output module 140. Among them, the fertilizer supply module 110 is connected to the fertilizer mixing module 130 and is used to add fertilizer to the fertilizer mixing module 130. The water supply module 120 is connected to the fertilizer mixing module 130 and is used to add water to the fertilizer mixing module 130. The fertilizer mixing module 130 is used to mix the fertilizer and water in a pre-determined ratio into a water-fertilizer mixture. One end of the water-fertilizer output module 140 is connected to the fertilizer mixing module 130, and the other end of the water-fertilizer output module 140 is connected to the water-fertilizer mixture output end. The water-fertilizer output module 140 is used to convert the kinetic energy of the water-fertilizer mixture into the first electric energy and output the water-fertilizer mixture to the water-fertilizer mixture output end at a pre-determined flow rate.

[0036] The water-fertilizer output module 140 includes: a water-fertilizer delivery pipeline (not shown in the figure), a solenoid valve (not shown in the figure), and a liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141. Among them, one end of the solenoid valve is connected to the fertilizer mixing module 130 through the water-fertilizer delivery pipeline, and the other end is connected to the water-fertilizer mixture output end. The liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 is arranged around the inner wall of the water-fertilizer delivery pipeline.

[0037] Specifically, please refer to Figures 3 to 7, the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 (LS-TENG) is a new type of mechanical energy harvesting and conversion technology based on triboelectrification and electrostatic induction effects. Its working principle is as follows: when a liquid contacts a solid surface, due to the difference in electron affinity between the two, electron transfer occurs between the liquid and the solid surface, resulting in the solid surface being charged. Subsequently, when the liquid separates from the solid, the generated charges create a potential difference on the back electrode of the solid, driving electrons to flow in the external circuit, thereby generating an electric current.

[0038] As Figure 3 shown, the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 is physically equivalent to a variable capacitor with internal charge. The two output terminals of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 are not conducting, and the equivalent capacitance value at the output terminals changes with the working process of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141. Moreover, the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 outputs an alternating current signal, has a maximum transfer charge in a single cycle, and behaves similar to a voltage source. Considering the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 in the circuit as a variable capacitor C TENG in series with a voltage source V OC . Exemplarily, for a vertical contact-separation type liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator, the potential difference between its two electrodes consists of two parts: one part of the potential difference comes from the charges Q SC (z) that have been transferred between the electrodes; the other part of the potential difference comes from the triboelectric charges, and its contribution to the voltage can be regarded as a function V OC (z) related to the separation distance z of the friction layer 1413.

[0039] If there are no triboelectric charges in the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141, the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 can be regarded as a typical variable capacitor, and the contribution of the transferred charges on the electrodes to the output potential difference is where Q SC (z) is the transferred charge on the electrodes, and C TENG (z) is the equivalent capacitance between the two electrodes. Then, the total potential difference between the two electrodes of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 can be written as:

[0040] where V OC（ (z) is the voltage output value of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 in the open-circuit state, and C TENG（ (z) is a variable capacitance related to the separation distance z between the two dielectric layers, and its definition is as follows:

[0041] where is the facing projection area of the two electrodes, and d0 is the equivalent thickness.

[0042] Among them, d1 and d2 are the dielectric layer thicknesses of the top electrode 1414 and the bottom electrode 1412 respectively, and ε1 and ε2 are the dielectric constants of the top electrode 1414 and the bottom electrode 1412 themselves.

[0043] Furthermore, when the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 is in a short-circuit state, the charge Qsc transferred through the external circuit completely cancels the potential difference generated by the triboelectric charges, and the total potential difference V between the two electrodes of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 is 0. Then at this time:

[0044] Thus, the short-circuit transfer charge Qsc, the open-circuit voltage V OC（ z), and the equivalent capacitance value C of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 TENG（ z) can be obtained, and the relationship between them is:

[0045] It can be seen that the equivalent model of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 consists of a variable capacitor C representing the equivalent capacitance of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 TENG（ z) and an ideal voltage source V representing the open-circuit voltage of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 OC（ z) connected in series. In addition, the internal impedance of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 mainly depends on the internal capacitance. In the working frequency range of the common liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141, the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 exhibits the characteristic of high internal impedance, can generate a relatively high output voltage when subjected to mechanical excitation, and at the same time limits the output current, improving safety.

[0046] Please also refer to Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 . The substrate 1411 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline. The bottom electrode 1412 is fixedly installed on the surface of the substrate 1411. The friction layer 1413 is sprayed above the bottom electrode 1412 for direct contact with the water and fertilizer mixture; the top electrode 1414 is fixedly installed above the friction layer 1413, and the top electrode 1414 is arranged parallel to the direction of liquid flow.

[0047] The technical principle of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 is as follows: When the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 operates, the water-fertilizer mixture flows in the water-fertilizer output pipeline. First, it contacts the surface of the friction layer 1413, and then as the water-fertilizer mixture unfolds on the surface of the friction layer 1413, it contacts the top electrode 1414. The water-fertilizer mixture rubs against the friction layer 1413, causing the surface of the friction layer 1413 to carry negative charges. When the subsequent water-fertilizer mixture continues to fall on the friction layer 1413, the negative charges on the surface of the friction layer 1413 cause a double electric layer to form at the "water-fertilizer mixture / friction layer" interface through electrostatic induction. The double electric layer can be equivalent to a first capacitor C1. At the same time, with the top electrode 1414 as the upper electrode and the bottom electrode 1412 as the lower electrode, the friction material used for coating the friction layer 1413 is a dielectric and can be regarded as the friction layer capacitor Cp. The first capacitor C1 and the friction layer capacitor Cp are connected in series. On the other hand, when the water-fertilizer mixture contacts the top electrode 1414 on the upper surface, a double electric layer will also form on the surface of the "water-fertilizer mixture / top electrode". This double electric layer structure can be equivalent to a second capacitor C2. The contact and disconnection of the droplet with the top electrode 1414 are similar to the opening and closing of a switch in an electric circuit to realize the opening and closing of the circuit.

[0048] Specifically, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, conductive metals such as aluminum, gold, silver, and copper can be selected as the material of the top electrode 1414, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be selected as the material of the friction layer 1413, and transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) can be selected as the material of the bottom electrode 1412. Preferably, copper is used as the top electrode and indium tin oxide is used as the bottom electrode to ensure efficient charge transfer. The top electrode 1414 is located on the inner wall of the pipeline, can contact the outermost layer of the water-fertilizer mixture, and is arranged parallel to the flow direction of the water-fertilizer mixture. Because of its small volume, it can be approximately regarded as closely attached to the annular pipeline, so that charges can flow through the top electrode.

[0049] Specifically, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 when it is open-circuited is as Figure 6As shown, one end of the equivalent first capacitor C1 at the "water-fertilizer mixture / friction layer" is connected to the impedance RW of the water-fertilizer mixture, and the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the friction layer capacitor Cp. The other end of the friction layer capacitor Cp is connected to the external load impedance RL. When the water-fertilizer mixture contacts the surface of the friction layer 1413 but does not contact the top electrode 1414, the switch SW equivalent to a series circuit is in the off state. At this time, there is no flow of charge in the circuit, it is in the off mode, no closed loop is formed, and no current flows through the external load.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 when it is closed is as Figure 7 shown. When the water-fertilizer mixture flows and contacts the top electrode 1414, a second capacitor C2 is formed between the "water-fertilizer mixture / top electrode" interface. The friction layer 1413 and the top electrode 1414 are connected through the water-fertilizer mixture, and the circuit is in the closed mode, forming a closed loop. At this time, the output current I1 = dq(t) / dt in the circuit, where q(t) is the total charge generated by friction and flowing through the electrode to the power generation module within a certain period of time when the water-fertilizer mixture flows through the friction layer 1413. The thickness of the friction material coated on the friction layer 1413 is much greater than the thickness of the double electric layer at the liquid-solid interface, and the dielectric constant is small. Therefore, compared with the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, the friction layer capacitor C p can be ignored. In addition, the surface of the friction layer 1413 is charged with friction charges, resulting in a potential difference contributed by static charges at both ends of the friction layer capacitor C p

[0051] When the switch is closed, the friction layer capacitor C p begins to charge the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2. The charge in the circuit flows, and the amount of charge accumulated on the surface of the friction layer 1413 increases with the increase in the flow rate of the impacting water-fertilizer mixture and finally reaches a stable value Q max . At this time, the voltage at both ends of the friction layer capacitor C p is: Q max is the maximum amount of charge accumulated on the surface of the friction layer 1413, and Cp is the equivalent capacitance value of the friction layer. When the liquid droplet contacts the top electrode 1414, the switch is closed, the circuit is turned on, and the peak value V peak of the output voltage generated by the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 is:

[0052] where Q max is the amount of charge within the range of the surface of the friction layer 1413 covered by the water-fertilizer mixture, d is the thickness of the friction material coated on the friction layer 1413, is the vacuum permittivity, ​ε is the relative permittivity of the friction layer 1413 friction material, and Amax is the maximum spreading radius after the water-fertilizer mixture touches the surface of the friction layer 1413.

[0053] When the charging process of the friction layer capacitor Cp for the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 ends, as the water-fertilizer mixture shrinks and the capacitance values of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 decrease, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 start to charge the friction layer capacitor Cp in the reverse direction, generating a charge reflux. Since the shrinking speed of the water-fertilizer mixture is relatively slow, the peak value of the reflux current is small. By repeatedly flowing the water-fertilizer mixture through the top electrode 1414 of the electrode assembly in the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141, the surface charge density of the friction layer 1413 reaches saturation, and the output also increases to saturation accordingly. Thus, the kinetic energy of the water-fertilizer mixture is converted into electrical energy through the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141.

[0054] Further, the fertilizer supply module 110 includes a batching tank 111 and a funnel 112. Among them, the batching tank 111 is disposed on the outer surface of the top of the fertilizer mixing module 130 for storing fertilizers, and the funnel 112 is detachably connected to the fertilizer mixing module 130. The water supply module 120 includes a water tank 121 and a water supply pump 122. Among them, the water tank 121 is connected to the input end of the water supply pump 122, and the output end of the water supply pump 122 is connected to the fertilizer mixing module 130; Specifically, the water tank 121 is disposed on the input end of the water supply pump 122 and is connected to the fertilizer mixing module 130 through the water supply pump 122. The funnel 112 is disposed at the upper port of the fertilizer mixing module 130 and is connected to the fertilizer mixing module 130. The radius of the lower port of the funnel 112 is the same as the radius of the upper port of the fertilizer mixing module 130 and is detachably connected to the upper port of the fertilizer mixing module 130 to facilitate the introduction of solid fertilizers into the fertilizer mixing module. Various solid fertilizers for fertilization are placed in the batching tank 111 for precisely adjusting the applied fertilizers. It is disposed on one side of the fertilizer mixing module 130 to facilitate the application of solid fertilizers to the funnel 112, and the water supply pump 122 can control the supply flow rate and flow of water.

[0055] Further, the fertilizer mixing module 130 includes a mixing tank 131 and a stirring structure 132. The upper port of the mixing tank 131 is connected to the output end of the fertilizer supply module 110, the first lower port of the mixing tank 131 is connected to the output end of the water supply module 120, the second lower port of the mixing tank 131 is connected to the water-fertilizer output module 140, and the stirring structure 132 is rotatably connected inside the tank body of the mixing tank 131.

[0056] Further, the present invention includes a monitoring module 150, which is disposed at the upper end of the inner wall of the fertilizer mixing module 130 facing away from the fertilizer supply module 110 and is used to monitor the stirring condition of the water-fertilizer mixture.

[0057] In a water and fertilizer integration system, water is usually dissolved with solid or liquid fertilizers at the initial stage of operation, and then transported to the irrigation terminal through pipelines. However, during the irrigation process, due to the preparation of a large amount of solution at one time and the limitation of irrigation time and liquid usage, when the irrigation time is too long or the liquid usage is large, the remaining water-fertilizer mixture is prone to precipitation, resulting in a decrease in the liquid concentration of the water-fertilizer mixture in the later stage. This not only makes the output liquid concentration inconsistent, but also affects the uniform distribution of the water-fertilizer mixture at the crop irrigation terminal, thereby reducing the irrigation effect. Specifically, there is a phenomenon that the fertilizer components precipitate at the bottom and water is at the top after mixing, which may be caused by uneven mixing or concentration difference. The liquid with a larger specific gravity enters the output pipeline first, resulting in a higher content of fertilizer liquid received by the crops in the fixed time in the early stage and a lower content in the later stage. Therefore, the stirring structure 132 is used to realize the preparation of the water-fertilizer mixture in the mixing tank 131, and the monitoring module 150 is used to monitor whether the fertilizer in the fertilizer mixing module 130 is stirred evenly, whether there is obvious precipitation, and whether it can meet the liquid fertilizer standard required for drip irrigation fertilization.

[0058] In the specific implementation of some preferred embodiments of the present invention, through the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 provided in the water and fertilizer output module 140, by utilizing the combined effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, the flowing energy of the water and fertilizer mixture in the water and fertilizer conveying pipeline is converted into electrical energy. The energy management module 200 converts the electrical energy into DC electrical energy suitable for the use of the sensor network through an appropriate conversion circuit, realizing energy collection, storage and conversion. The energy management module 200 supplies power to the self-driven sensor module 310 and the power supply and power generation monitoring module 320. Combining the actual use situation of the sensor network, the complete optimal water and fertilizer-pipeline triboelectric nanogeneration system parameters are determined according to the output voltage, output current, power generation efficiency, water and fertilizer flow rate, and friction materials of the power generation system, improving the design of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 to increase its power generation efficiency. Specifically, the power supply and power generation module obtains the relevant power generation parameters of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141. According to the self-driven sensor module 310, including soil organic matter, PH sensor, nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensors, and the water and fertilizer flow rate and concentration sensors between pipelines, each of the sensors is used to monitor the key parameters of field parameters and the water and fertilizer application process. All the data obtained by the self-driven sensor module 310 is input into the remote communication module 410 and the data processing module 400. The data processing module 400 processes and analyzes the collected data, and the remote communication module 410 transmits the data to the remote monitoring platform. The irrigation and fertilization module and the water and fertilizer integration control module 500 accurately adjust the fertilization formula according to the relevant parameter data after processing and analysis. The fertilization module and the water supply module 120 determine the amount of fertilizer application and water supply according to the new formula, and use the fertilizer mixing module 130 and the stirring module to complete the preparation of the water and fertilizer fusion solution. The monitoring module 150 in the fertilizer mixing module 130 is used to monitor the stirring situation of the water and fertilizer fusion solution to avoid uneven fertilizer stirring. The water and fertilizer fusion solution is applied to the field crops through the water and fertilizer output module 140. The liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 is arranged on the inner wall of the water and fertilizer conveying pipeline of the water and fertilizer output module 140, and the flowing energy of the water and fertilizer fusion solution is used for power generation. Combining the water and fertilizer flow rate and concentration data obtained by the sensors on the inner wall of the water and fertilizer conveying pipeline with the power generation parameters of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator 141 obtained by the power supply and power generation monitoring module 320, according to the fertilization effect and power generation efficiency, the relevant parameters in the water and fertilizer output process are adjusted through the water and fertilizer integration control module 500, and finally the optimal system parameters are obtained, realizing the method of liquid-solid triboelectric power generation based on field water and fertilizer integration while optimizing the fertilizer formula for fertilization.

[0059] In some other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device 100 further includes a control module (not shown in the figure). The input end of the control module is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer control module 500. The control end of the control module is respectively connected to the fertilizer supply module 110, the water supply module 120, the fertilizer mixing module 130, the water and fertilizer output module 140, and the monitoring module 150. One-way solenoid valves are respectively arranged at the joints of the fertilizer supply module 110 and the water supply module 120 with the fertilizer mixing module 130, and at the joint of the fertilizer mixing module 130 and the water and fertilizer output module 140. The fertilizer supply module 110, the water supply module 120, the fertilizer mixing module 130, and the water and fertilizer output module 140 perform automatic irrigation and fertilization operations according to the control instructions of the control module.

[0060] In some other preferred embodiments of the present invention, a liquid-solid triboelectric nanogeneration method for field water and fertilizer management is also provided. It is applied to the above-mentioned field integrated water and fertilizer self-powered sensing network system based on liquid-solid triboelectric nanogeneration. The liquid-solid triboelectric nanogeneration method includes: Obtain suitable friction materials and conductive materials, design the size, shape, and internal structure of the pipeline to ensure sufficient friction area and fluid channels. Uniformly coat a layer of friction material on the inner wall of the pipeline to form a friction layer, and roughen the inner wall of the pipeline to increase the friction during fluid flow.

[0061] Design the shape and size of the electrodes to ensure good contact with the friction material of the friction layer. Deposit conductive materials on both sides of the friction layer to form electrodes. Assemble the friction layer and the electrodes onto the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline of the water and fertilizer output module in the above irrigation and fertilization module, ensure good sealing of the water and fertilizer pipeline, and connect the water and fertilizer delivery pipeline in the water and fertilizer output module to the fertilizer mixing module.

[0062] According to the complete irrigation and fertilization module, conduct tests on the pipeline water and fertilizer power generation system, obtain the power generation system test parameters of the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogeneration method in the integrated water and fertilizer system, and determine the complete optimal water and fertilizer - pipeline triboelectric nanogeneration system parameters based on the obtained output voltage, output current, power generation efficiency, water and fertilizer flow rate, and friction material of the power generation system.

[0063] In summary, the present invention discloses an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device and an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system, which include: a fertilizer supply module, a water supply module, a fertilizer mixing module, and a water and fertilizer output module; wherein, the fertilizer supply module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module and is used to add fertilizer to the fertilizer mixing module; the water supply module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module and is used to add water to the fertilizer mixing module; the fertilizer mixing module is used to mix the fertilizer and water in a predetermined ratio into a water and fertilizer mixture; the water and fertilizer output module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module, and the water and fertilizer output module is used to convert the kinetic energy of the water and fertilizer mixture into first electric energy and output the water and fertilizer mixture at a predetermined flow rate. While realizing the integration of water and fertilizer, the present invention realizes the self-generation of electricity for the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system by converting the kinetic energy of the water and fertilizer mixture into electric energy, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong environmental adaptability, etc., providing a new way to solve the power supply problem of integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization.

[0064] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or transformations can be made according to the above description, and all such improvements and transformations should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device, characterized in that, Comprising: A fertilizer supply module, a water supply module, a fertilizer mixing module, and a water-fertilizer output module; wherein, The fertilizer supply module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module and is used to add fertilizer to the fertilizer mixing module; The water supply module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module and is used to add water to the fertilizer mixing module; The fertilizer mixing module is used to mix the fertilizer and water in a pre-determined ratio into a water-fertilizer mixture; The water-fertilizer output module is connected to the fertilizer mixing module. The water-fertilizer output module is used to convert the kinetic energy of the water-fertilizer mixture into first electric energy and output the water-fertilizer mixture at a pre-determined flow rate.

2. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that The water-fertilizer output module includes: a water-fertilizer delivery pipeline, a solenoid valve, and a liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator. Among them, the solenoid valve is connected to the fertilizer mixing module through the water-fertilizer delivery pipeline and is used to control the flow rate of the water-fertilizer mixture; the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator is arranged inside the water-fertilizer delivery pipeline and is used to convert the kinetic energy of the water-fertilizer mixture into first electric energy.

3. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device according to claim 2, wherein, The liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator includes: a substrate, a bottom electrode, a friction layer, and a top electrode; wherein, The substrate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water-fertilizer delivery pipeline. The bottom electrode is fixedly installed on the surface of the substrate. The friction layer is sprayed above the bottom electrode and is used to directly contact the water-fertilizer mixture; the top electrode is fixedly installed above the friction layer and is arranged parallel to the direction of liquid flow.

4. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom electrode is a transparent conductive material.

5. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that The water supply module includes a water tank and a water supply pump. The water tank is connected to the input end of the water supply pump, and the output end of the water supply pump is connected to the fertilizer mixing module; the fertilizer mixing module includes a mixing tank and a stirring structure. The upper port of the mixing tank is connected to the output end of the fertilizer supply module, the first lower port of the mixing tank is connected to the output end of the water supply module, the second lower port of the mixing tank is connected to the water-fertilizer output module, and the stirring structure is rotatably connected inside the tank body of the mixing tank.

6. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a monitoring module. The monitoring module is arranged at the upper end of the inner wall of the fertilizer mixing module facing away from the fertilizer supply module and is used to monitor the stirring condition of the water-fertilizer mixture.

7. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer supply module includes a batching box and a funnel. Among them, the batching box is arranged on the outer surface at the top of the fertilizer mixing module and is used to hold fertilizer, and the funnel is detachably connected to the fertilizer mixing module.

8. An integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system, characterized in that, Comprising: The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device, an energy management module, a sensor monitoring module, a data processing module, and a water-fertilizer integrated control module according to any one of claims 1-7; wherein, The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device is used to configure a water-fertilizer mixture and convert the kinetic energy of the water-fertilizer mixture into first electric energy; One end of the energy management module is connected to the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device, and the other end of the energy management module is connected to the sensor monitoring module. The energy management module is used to convert the first electric energy of the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization device into second electric energy, and the second electric energy is used to supply power to the sensor monitoring module; The sensor monitoring module is used to monitor and collect working data; the working data includes: soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, soil pH, organic matter content, water and fertilizer component content, pipeline fertilizer solution flow rate, and pipeline fertilizer solution concentration; One end of the data processing module is connected to the sensor monitoring module, and the other end of the data processing module is connected to the water and fertilizer integration control module, which is used to process and analyze the collected working data and output a feedback control signal to the water and fertilizer integration control module; The water and fertilizer integration control module is connected to the water and fertilizer integration irrigation and fertilization device, and is used to adjust the working parameters of the water and fertilizer integration irrigation and fertilization device according to the feedback control signal.

9. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sensor monitoring module includes a self-driven sensor module and an energy supply and power generation monitoring module; among them, The self-driven sensor module is used to monitor the field parameters and fertilization parameters during the application of the water and fertilizer mixture; the energy supply and power generation monitoring module is connected to the water and fertilizer integration irrigation and fertilization device and is used to obtain the power generation parameters in the water and fertilizer integration irrigation and fertilization device.

10. The integrated water and fertilizer irrigation and fertilization system according to claim 8, characterized in that, It further includes a remote communication module, and the remote communication module is connected to the output end of the data processing module and is used to transmit the working data to a remote monitoring platform.

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