Method for intercropping Holland peas and multiflower beans based on ecological time difference

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for interplanting Holland peas and multiflower beans based on ecological time difference. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a planting field; soil preparation; sowing the Holland peas; inserting rods to build a frame; field management; timely harvesting is performed; preparing for planting the big white kidney beans; sowing the big white kidney beans; field management; and harvesting in real time. According to the ecological time difference characteristic of the Holland peas and the Italian beans, the Italian beans are sown between plants and rows in the later growth period of the Holland peas, so that the two crops fully utilize bean stem facilities invested at a time, and the cost and labor force of secondary investment of bean stems can be reduced; according to the continuous interplanting mode, when the multiflower kidney beans are planted, soil ploughing can be reduced, and labor input is reduced; the existing fertilizer in the planting field can be fully utilized by the multiflower kidney beans, so that the use amount of the fertilizer for later topdressing is reduced, and the cost investment is reduced; and compared with single-crop planting, the cultivated land space and spring and summer seasonal light and heat resources can be fully utilized in a staged manner, the land output is increased, and the effect of increasing both production and income is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for intercropping Dutch peas and runner beans based on ecological time difference. Background Art

[0002] Dutch peas are annual climbing herbs, 0.5 - 2 meters tall, with the whole plant being green, smooth and hairless, covered with powdery frost. In southern regions, they can be planted throughout the year, especially suitable in February - April and late August - September in spring. They like a cool environment. The pods are swollen and oblong; the seeds are round, greenish - blue, turning yellow after drying. Runner beans, also known as large white kidney beans, are annual or perennial climbing herbs, heat - loving and short - day crops. They have less strict requirements for soil than other crops. Generally, they grow better on sloping land and cultivated land with lower fertility than other crops. They are rich in 20% - 22% protein and are suitable for sowing in April - May.

[0003] Both kinds of beans are vine - like climbing crops, and their growth and pod formation require trellising. If planted separately, it will increase the input of bean poles and labor costs. Therefore, the present invention proposes a method for intercropping Dutch peas and runner beans. Runner beans are sown in the rows and between plants of Dutch pea crops in the later growth stage, so that the two crops can make full use of the bean pole facilities invested once. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a process for re - grinding and re - separating the middlings in gold flotation.

[0005] The specific technical solution is as follows: A method for intercropping Dutch peas and runner beans based on ecological time difference, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Selection of planting land: Select a cool to semi - cool area with an altitude range of 2200 - 3000m, an annual precipitation of 800 - 1200mm, an air humidity of 60% - 90%, and a soil tillage layer of more than 40cm. Step 2. Land preparation: Plow and level the soil, draw lines at intervals of 1.2m to dig ditches and form ridges. The ditch width is 25 - 30cm, the ridge height is 30 - 40cm, and the ridge surface width is 40 - 50cm. Dig a fertilization ditch along the center of the ridge surface, with a ditch depth of 15 - 20cm. Evenly spread the base fertilizer and cover the soil to level the ridge surface. Step 3. Sowing of Dutch peas: Start sowing after the Beginning of Spring every year. Make planting pits on the fertilization ditch, with a pit depth of 5 - 10cm and a pit spacing of 20 - 25cm. Sow 2 - 6 seeds in each pit, with a seeding rate of 10 - 15kg per mu. After sowing, cover the soil with a thickness of 5 - 6cm, water thoroughly, and immediately cover with plastic film. Step 4. Inserting poles for trellising: After the Dutch peas emerge, insert poles for trellising. Insert one bean pole every 3 m along the planting trench, insert it 30 - 40 cm into the soil, and the above-ground part is 2 - 2.5 m; Pull a line at 30 - 35 cm, 60 - 70 cm, and 100 - 110 cm above the ground between adjacent bean poles for the bean vines to climb; Step 5. Field management: Loosen the soil slightly several times after the peas emerge. When the seedlings are 10 - 15 cm tall, apply 5 - 10 kg of compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea per mu, timely guide the branches to climb the trellis, and prevent the occurrence of the main pea diseases such as root rot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew in real time; Step 6. Timely harvesting: When the bean pods grow but have not reached the stage of bulging during flowering and podding, harvest and put them on the market in time; Step 7. Preparation for planting large white kidney beans: After harvesting 5 - 6 batches of Dutch peas, when it is around the Beginning of Summer Festival in May, select large white kidney bean seeds with uniform grain size, plumpness, and no pests and diseases, use 5 - 6 kg of seeds per mu, and dry them in the sun for 1 - 2 days for later use; Step 8. Sowing large white kidney beans: Dig pits at the gaps of the Dutch pea planting holes along the Dutch pea sowing trench. The depth of the pits is 5 - 6 cm, the distance between the pits is 70 cm, sow 2 - 3 seeds in each pit, cover the soil and water; Step 9. Field management: When the large white kidney bean seedlings grow to 15 - 20 cm after emergence, timely trim and guide them to climb the trellis. When the seedlings are 30 - 40 cm tall, apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 2 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu; After the Dutch peas are harvested around the Grain in Ear Festival, pay attention to pruning and branching during the flowering and podding of large white kidney beans. Leave 20 - 25 flower and inflorescence branches per plant, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf surface 3 - 4 times every 4 - 5 days to increase the pod setting rate and plumpness of white kidney beans; Prevent the occurrence and control of cutworms, powdery mildew, and anthracnose in real time, and prohibit the use of other insecticides; Step 10. Timely harvesting: When the large white kidney bean pods are plump and the pod skin turns yellow by 8 - 9%, harvest them in batches.

[0006] Further, it is characterized in that the base fertilizer described in Step 2 is a mixed fertilizer of compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and organic fertilizer.

[0007] Further, 40 kg of compound fertilizer, 40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 1000 - 1500 kg of organic fertilizer are used per mu for the base fertilizer.

[0008] Further, the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and the component ratio is 17:17:17.

[0009] Further, the bean poles described in Step 4 are 2 - 3 cm thick and 3 - 3.5 m high.

[0010] Advantages of the present invention: According to the ecological time difference characteristics of Dutch peas and runner beans, the runner bean crops are sown between the rows of Dutch peas in the late growth stage of Dutch peas, enabling the two crops to make full use of the bean poles facilities invested once, reducing the cost and labor of the secondary investment of bean poles; this continuous cropping method can reduce soil tillage and labor input when planting runner beans; runner beans can also make full use of the existing fertilizers in the planting area, reduce the amount of fertilizers for topdressing in the later stage, and reduce cost input; compared with single-crop planting, it can also make full use of the cultivated land space and the light and heat resources in spring and summer seasonally, increase land output, and achieve the effect of increasing production and income. Specific embodiments

[0011] In order to make the technical problems and technical solutions solved by the present invention clearer, the following further elaborates on the present invention in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0012] The present invention provides a method for continuous cropping of Dutch peas and runner beans based on ecological time difference, including the following steps: Step 1. Selection of planting land: Select a cool and semi-cool area within the altitude range of 2200 - 3000m, with an annual precipitation of 800 - 1200mm, an air humidity of 60% - 90%, and a soil tillage layer of more than 40cm.

[0013] Step 2. Land preparation: Plow and level the soil, open ditches and form ridges according to a 1.2m wire, with a ditch width of 25 - 30cm, a ridge height of 30 - 40cm, and a ridge surface width of 40 - 50cm. Dig a fertilization ditch along the center of the ridge surface, with a ditch depth of 15 - 20cm, evenly spread the base fertilizer, and cover the soil and level the ridge surface; the base fertilizer is 40kg of 17:17:17 compound fertilizer, 40kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 1000 - 1500kg of organic fertilizer per mu.

[0014] Step 3. Sowing of Dutch peas: Start sowing after the Beginning of Spring every year. Make planting pits on the fertilization ditch, with a pit depth of 5 - 10cm and a pit distance of 20 - 25cm. Sow 2 - 6 seeds in each pit, with a seeding rate of 10 - 15kg per mu. After sowing, cover the soil with 5 - 6cm, water thoroughly, and immediately carry out plastic film mulching; plastic film mulching is beneficial to increasing the soil temperature, playing the roles of heat preservation, water preservation, fertilizer preservation, and inhibiting weed growth; of course, if plastic film mulching is not used, water once again after 4 - 5 days to germinate.

[0015] Step 4. Inserting poles and building scaffolds: Insert poles and build scaffolds after the Dutch peas emerge. Insert a bean pole every 3m along the planting ditch. The bean pole is 2 - 4cm thick and 2.5 - 2.8m high, inserted 30 - 40cm into the soil, with 2 - 2.5m above the ground; pull a wire at 30 - 35cm, 60 - 70cm, and 100 - 110cm above the ground between adjacent bean poles for the bean vines to climb; Step 5. Field management: After the peas emerge, loosen the soil slightly several times. When the seedlings are 10 - 15 cm tall, top-dress 5 - 10 kg of compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea per mu. Guide the branches to climb the trellis in a timely manner, and prevent the occurrence of the main pea diseases such as root rot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew in real time; Step 6. Harvest in time: When the pods grow but have not reached the stage of bulging during flowering and pod-setting, harvest and put them on the market in time; Step 7. Preparation for planting large white kidney beans: After harvesting 5 - 6 batches of peas, when it is around the Beginning of Summer Festival in May, select large white kidney bean seeds with uniform grain size, plumpness, and no pests and diseases. Use 5 - 6 kg of seeds per mu and dry them in the sun for 1 - 2 days for standby; Step 8. Sowing of large white kidney beans: Dig pits at the gaps of the planting holes of Dutch peas along the sowing furrows of Dutch peas. The depth of the pits is 5 - 6 cm, the distance between pits is 70 cm, sow 2 - 3 seeds in each pit, cover the soil and water; Step 9. Field management: When the large white kidney bean seedlings grow to 15 - 20 cm after emergence, manage the seedlings and guide them to climb the trellis in time. When the seedlings are 30 - 40 cm tall, top-dress 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 2 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. After the harvest of Dutch peas around the Grain in Ear Festival, pay attention to pruning and branching during the flowering and pod-setting of large white kidney beans. Leave 20 - 25 inflorescence branches per plant. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf surface 3 - 4 times every 4 - 5 days to increase the pod-setting rate and plumpness of large white kidney beans; Prevent the occurrence and control of cutworms, powdery mildew, and anthracnose in real time. The use of other insecticides is prohibited (large white kidney beans mainly rely on insects for pollination, and the use of drugs will have an impact on them); Step 10. Harvest in real time: When the pods of large white kidney beans are plump and the pod skin turns yellow by 8 - 9%, harvest them in batches.

[0016] The Wulongba Management Committee of Binju Town, Binchuan County, Dali Prefecture and Gongguoqiao Town, Yunlong County planted Dutch peas and large white kidney beans in a sequential intercropping manner according to the above method. After one season of planting, the average yield per mu of Dutch peas was 900 kg, and the yield per mu of large white kidney beans was 205 kg; the average price of Dutch peas was 8 yuan / kg, and the average price of large white kidney beans was 20 yuan / kg, with an average output value per mu of 11,300 yuan. If Dutch peas are planted monoculture, the growth period is 120 - 125 days, the average single yield is 1000 kg, and the average output value per mu is 8000 yuan. The growth period of large white kidney beans in monoculture is 150 - 155 days, the average single yield is 235 kg, and the average output value per mu is 4700 yuan. Therefore, for the intercropping of the two, although there is a symbiotic period of about 30 days, they can share the bean poles, and the comprehensive yield and output value are higher than those of a single season.

[0017] Compared with single-crop planting, the two crops can make full use of the bean pole facilities invested once, reducing the cost and labor of the secondary investment in bean poles. If new bean poles are purchased for planting white kidney beans, it costs 3,300 yuan per mu, and manual erection of bean poles is required, increasing the labor force. This intercropping method can reduce soil tillage and labor input when planting Phaseolus coccineus; Phaseolus coccineus can also make full use of the existing fertilizers in the planting area, reducing the amount of fertilizers for topdressing in the later stage. About 40 kg of slow-release compound fertilizer can be reduced per mu of land, reducing the cost input; compared with single-crop planting, it can also make full use of the cultivated land space and the light and heat resources in spring and summer seasonally, increasing land output and achieving the effect of increasing production and income.

[0018] The present invention has been described in detail above through specific and preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for interplanting Dutch peas and scarlet runner beans based on the ecological time difference, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1. Selection of planting land: Select a cool or semi-cool area with an altitude ranging from 2,200 to 3,000 m, an annual precipitation of 800 to 1,200 mm, an air humidity of 60% - 90%, and a soil tillage layer of more than 40 cm; Step 2. Soil preparation: Plow and level the soil, open ditches and form ridges according to a 1.2 m wire drawing. The ditch width is 25 - 30 cm, the ridge height is 30 - 40 cm, and the ridge surface width is 40 - 50 cm. Dig a fertilization ditch along the center of the ridge surface, with a ditch depth of 15 - 20 cm. Evenly spread the base fertilizer and cover the soil to level the ridge surface; Step 3. Sowing of Dutch peas: Start sowing after the Beginning of Spring every year. Make planting pits on the fertilization ditch, with a pit depth of 5 - 10 cm and a pit spacing of 20 - 25 cm. Sow 2 - 6 seeds in each pit, with a seeding rate of 10 - 15 kg per mu. After sowing, cover the soil with 5 - 6 cm, water thoroughly, and immediately cover with plastic film; Step 4. Inserting poles and building a frame: Insert poles for building a frame after the Dutch peas emerge. Insert a bean pole every 3 m along the planting ditch, insert it into the soil for 30 - 40 cm, and the above-ground part is 2 - 2.5 m; Pull a wire at 30 - 35 cm, 60 - 70 cm, and 100 - 110 cm above the ground between adjacent bean poles for the bean vines to climb; Step 5. Field management: Loosen the soil slightly several times after the peas emerge. When the seedling height is 10 - 15 cm, apply 5 - 10 kg of compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea per mu, timely lead the branches to climb onto the frame, and prevent the occurrence of the main pea diseases such as root rot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew in real time; Step 6. Timely harvesting: Harvest and put on the market in time when the bean pods grow but do not reach the pod swelling stage during flowering and pod setting; Step 7. Preparation for planting large white kidney beans: After harvesting 5 - 6 batches of peas, around the Beginning of Summer in May, select large white kidney bean seeds with consistent grain size, plumpness, and no pests and diseases, with a seeding rate of 5 - 6 kg per mu, and dry them in the sun for 1 - 2 days for standby; Step 8. Sowing of large white kidney beans: Make pits at the gaps of the Dutch pea planting holes along the Dutch pea sowing ditch, with a pit depth of 5 - 6 cm and a pit spacing of 70 cm. Sow 2 - 3 seeds in each pit, cover the soil and water; Step 9. Field management: When the large white kidney bean seedlings grow to 15 - 20 cm after emergence, timely trim and lead them onto the frame. When the seedling height is 30 - 40 cm, apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 2 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu; After the Dutch peas are harvested around the Grain in Ear, pay attention to pruning and branching during the flowering and pod setting of large white kidney beans, leave 20 - 25 inflorescence branches per plant, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 - 4 times on the leaf surface every 4 - 5 days to increase the pod setting rate and plumpness of white kidney beans; Prevent the occurrence and control of cutworms, powdery mildew, and anthracnose in real time, and prohibit the use of other insecticides; Step 10. Timely harvesting: Harvest in batches when the large white kidney bean pods are plump and the pod skin turns yellow by 8 - 9%; 2. The method for interplanting Dutch peas and scarlet runner beans based on ecological time difference according to claim 1, wherein The base fertilizer described in Step 2 is a mixed fertilizer of compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and organic fertilizer.

3. A method for intercropping Dutch peas and scarlet runner beans based on ecological time difference according to claim 2, characterized in that, The amount of base fertilizer per mu is 40 kg of compound fertilizer, 40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 1,000 - 1,500 kg of organic fertilizer.

4. A method for intercropping Dutch peas and scarlet runner beans based on ecological time difference according to claim 3, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and the component ratio is 17:17:

17.

5. A method for intercropping Dutch peas and runner beans based on ecological time difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bean poles described in Step 4 are 2 - 4 cm thick and 2.5 - 2.8 m high.