Low-maintenance garden configuration method for zingiberaceae plants

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garden engineering. Currently, zingiberaceae plants generally have the problems of low survival rate, poor landscape quality, high maintenance cost and the like in garden application, so that the application variety of the zingiberaceae plants is single. The problems are solved through climate suitability screening, microenvironment construction and scientific configuration design. The specific technology comprises the following steps: 1, based on ArcGIS and maximum entropy model software, screening ginger plants which are suitable for growing and do not need to be irrigated; 2, carrying out a control test to determine the requirements on moisture and illumination; 3, selecting a waterside site, transforming a microtopography (the height difference is-15 to + 45cm) to construct the gradient difference of soil moisture, and matching water-resistant, mesophytic and drought-resistant varieties; 4, planting shading arbors to construct a gradient shading environment (the shading degree is 0-40%), and adjusting the illumination condition; 5, plane design of planting is carried out according to different kinds of requirement characteristics for moisture and illumination and landscape construction targets; 6, peat, coco coir and the like are adopted to improve soil, air permeability and nutrients are improved, and field planting and maintenance are conducted. After the method is implemented, the survival rate of the zingiberaceae plants is increased to 95% or above, the beauty is enhanced by 40%, the maintenance cost is reduced by 25%, and the diversity of the zingiberaceae plants in the garden landscape is remarkably enriched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of garden engineering, and in particular to a low-maintenance garden configuration method for ginger plants. Background Art

[0002] Most ginger plants are perennial bulbous herbs. The plants of this family have rich diversity in height, plant morphology, flower color and flowering period, and even ecological habits. They are a group of garden plants with great potential. However, ginger plants are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of my country, with the highest distribution altitude reaching 3,200 meters, and have strong differentiation of ecological habits. Proper selection of species according to the climatic conditions of the project area is the prerequisite for building a good landscape. Ginger plants are more sensitive to the influence of light intensity. A few species are more shade-tolerant, but most species have low flower branch rate, small inflorescence, and poor landscape effect under shade conditions. They need to be configured in a small environment with certain light conditions. However, ginger plants have large leaves and high evaporation. If they are configured in a location with too high light intensity, they are prone to drought and death. This poses a great challenge to the configuration and application of ginger plants in gardens. According to Volume 16 of the Flora of China, there are 22 genera and about 220 species of wild ginger plants in China. However, the ginger plants currently used in landscaping in various places are mainly Hedychium coronarium of the genus Zingiberaceae and Alpinia zerumbet'Variegata' of the genus Alpinia. Compared with the rich wild resources of this family, the species of ginger plants used in gardens are less than 5%, and there are problems such as single species, poor landscape effect and high maintenance cost.

[0003] The existing configuration of ginger plants relies on experience to make decisions on the climate suitability of species, and lacks active control of site conditions during engineering applications, resulting in low survival rate, high maintenance cost, and poor landscape effect. The present invention uses the maximum entropy model to select species that adapt to the local climate and do not require irrigation on a large scale, and uses micro-topography zoning water control, gradient shading and soil improvement methods to construct a suitable microenvironment on a small scale, thereby achieving low maintenance and high landscape benefits for the garden application of ginger plants. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention discloses a low-maintenance garden configuration method for ginger plants. The present invention uses maximum entropy model software to accurately screen suitable species, enrich the types of ginger plants in the garden, screen out species that can grow in the open field without irrigation, and reduce the subsequent maintenance costs. Further combined with micro-topography zoning water control and gradient shading design, active control of the microenvironment is achieved. Compared with traditional ginger plant configuration technology, the present invention improves the survival rate, enriches the variety diversity, and improves the landscape effect while reducing the maintenance cost.

[0005] 1. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for low-maintenance garden configuration of Zingiberaceae plants, and its main technical solutions include the following steps:

[0006] (1) Preliminary screening of species: Consult, identify, and verify the geographical distribution data of specimens and literature of 210 species of Zingiberaceae plants produced in China, belonging to 22 genera. For those species with effective distribution data greater than 10, based on ArcGIS and the maximum entropy model software, retrieve the climate data of World climate, optimize the model parameters, build a model, and perform visual output to conduct a climate suitability analysis of Zingiberaceae plants, and screen out the species suitable for open-field cultivation without irrigation.

[0007] (2) Introduce and cultivate the Zingiberaceae plant species screened in (1), conduct climate suitability verification, and clarify the optimal requirements for water and light of these species through control experiments.

[0008] (3) Micro-topography construction: Select an area adjacent to water, and through a small amount of excavation and filling, shape the micro-topography (the slope does not exceed 1:3, and the height difference is between -15 and +45 cm) to construct areas with different soil water contents to meet the different water requirements of different Zingiberaceae plants. According to the difference in soil water content, it can be divided into: A - humid area (between -15 and ±0 cm), with a water content of about 45%. The soil here is moist, and waterlogging is likely to occur during the rainy season, suitable for planting Zingiberaceae plants tolerant to waterlogging; B - semi-humid area (±0 to +30 cm), with a water content of 23 - 30%. The soil moisture is sufficient, suitable for planting mesophytic Zingiberaceae plants; C - arid area (+30 to +45 cm), with a water content of about 15%. The soil here is not easy to store water, and water is easy to lose, suitable for planting drought-tolerant Zingiberaceae plants. When filling the micro-topography soil, it should be filled and compacted in layers, and the thickness of the surface planting soil is not less than 30 cm.

[0009] (4) Shading degree regulation: Select trees with a plant height of 15 - 30 meters and a crown width of 3 - 5 meters, and by adjusting the plane planting spacing (5 - 8 meters), construct a gradient shading area, including: Under-forest area (shading degree 25 - 40%): Plant Zingiberaceae plants suitable for a shading rate ≤ 25%; - Forest edge area (shading degree 10 - 25%): Plant Zingiberaceae plants suitable for a shading rate of 10 - 25%; - Open area in the forest (shading degree 0 - 10%): Plant Zingiberaceae plants suitable for a shading rate ≤ 10%.

[0010] (5) Planting design: For the landscape objectives of different projects, classify the screening results in step (1) according to the requirements for water and light in step (2), and based on the water and light conditions of each area after micro-topography transformation in steps (3) and (4), combined with the dynamic change laws of landscape elements such as the plant morphology, color, and texture of Zingiberaceae plants in different seasons, conduct a plane design of planting and draw a planting plan.

[0011] (6) Soil improvement, planting, and cultivation and maintenance: Using peat, bark, coconut coir, and bio-organic fertilizer as materials, adopting V 原生土壤 :V 椰糠 :V 泥炭 :V 树皮 :V 生物有机肥 = 3:2:2:2:1 ratio to improve the vertical range with a soil layer depth of 30 cm to increase soil nutrients and improve soil air permeability. According to the planting map drawn in (5), carry out field planting. Before field planting, apply about 20 grams of farmyard organic fertilizer to each planting hole, timely weed and hill up the soil during the growth season, and timely prune after the flowers wither to promote the germination of new branches.

[0012] According to the method described in claim 1, wherein: in step (1), it is necessary to comprehensively obtain the geographical distribution data of the species for modeling, and conduct individual identification and verification on it, deleting the incorrect data to ensure the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and representativeness of the modeling data, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the suitability analysis. The methods for obtaining geographical distribution data include but are not limited to literature, specimens, image libraries, web pages, microblogs, etc. For example, the domestic Zingiberaceae plants suitable for planting in the southern subtropical region after screening include: Alpinia oxyphylla of the genus Alpinia, Hedychium simaoense of the genus Hedychium, Zingiber corallinum of the genus Zingiber, Amomum villosum of the genus Amomum, Stahlianthus involucratus of the genus Stahlianthus, Kaempferia rotunda of the genus Kaempferia, etc., Curcuma kwangsiensis of the genus Curcuma, etc.

[0013] According to the method described in claim 1, wherein: for the step (2) of conducting introduction and cultivation verification on the Zingiberaceae plant species screened in (1), it is necessary to continuously observe the plant height, flowering branch rate, inflorescence size, and population flowering period for three years to determine the species for configuration. After cultivation verification in places such as Guangzhou, Luoding, and Chaozhou, the Zingiberaceae species screened in the example of (1) can all grow normally in the southern subtropical region.

[0014] According to the method described in claim 1, wherein: the control test in step (2) is to set a control, taking moisture and light as factors, and conduct a single-factor multi-level gradient test, and judge whether it is suitable for the local climate by observing key indicators such as plant height, flowering branch rate, inflorescence size, and population flowering period.

[0015] The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (3), the height difference of -15 to +45 cm is divided into three regions, where A - the humid region (between -15 and ±0 cm), with a water content of about 45%. The soil here is moist and prone to waterlogging during the rainy season. Suitable Zingiberaceae plants include: Alpinia nigra of the genus Alpinia, etc., Hedychium simaoense of the genus Hedychium, etc.; B - the semi-humid region (±0 to +30 cm), with a water content of 23 - 30%. The soil moisture is sufficient. Suitable Zingiberaceae plants include Hedychium villosum of the genus Hedychium, etc., Zingiber corallinum of the genus Zingiber, etc., Alpinia katsumadai of the genus Alpinia, etc., Amomum villosum of the genus Amomum, etc., Kaempferia rotunda of the genus Kaempferia, etc.; C - the arid region (+30 to +45 cm), with a water content of about 15%. The soil here is not easy to store water and the water is easy to lose. Suitable Zingiberaceae plants include Curcuma kwangsiensis of the genus Curcuma, etc.

[0016] The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the arbors selected in step (4) should be of types with a shading degree not greater than 40%, beautiful tree shapes and adapted to the local climate. For example, the recommended types are one or more of Bombax ceiba, Ceiba speciosa, Albizia lebbeck, Delonix regia, Albizia falcataria, Terminalia mantaly, Erythrina variegata, Tetradium glabrifolium, Melia azedarach, etc.

[0017] The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the suitable types for each region under the forest in step (4) are respectively:

[0018] — Under the forest area (shading degree 25 - 40%): Taking the south subtropical zone as an example, the configured types include: Alpinia zerumbet of the genus Alpinia, Zingiber corallinum of the genus Zingiber, etc.

[0019] — Forest edge area (shading degree 10 - 25%): Taking the south subtropical zone as an example, the configured types include: Hedychium villosum of the genus Hedychium, etc.

[0020] — Woodland open area (shading degree 0 - 10%): Taking the south subtropical zone as an example, the configured species include: Alpiniagalanga of Alpina; Hedychium emeiense of Hedychium; Curcuma kwangsiensis of Curcuma; Kaempferia rotunda of Kaempferia, etc.

[0021] According to the method described in claim 1, the feature is that: when carrying out the planting design in step (5): on the premise of adopting the methods of (1) - (4) to clarify the light and water requirements of various species of Zingiberaceae plants and the light and water conditions of the site, according to the design objectives of the project (such as: bright colors, or a landscape with flowers throughout the four seasons, or a landscape with continuous fragrance, or unique shapes), select Zingiberaceae plants with different forms for configuration and draw a planting plan.

[0022] According to the method described in claim 1, the feature is that: the biological organic fertilizer in step (6) is made by composting the crushed branches and leaves of garden plants. Specific implementation manners

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] In the present application, among the technical features described in an open - ended manner, it includes a closed - ended technical solution composed of the listed features, and also includes an open - ended technical solution containing the listed features.

[0025] In the present application, regarding the numerical range, unless otherwise specified, the above - mentioned numerical range is considered continuous and includes the minimum value and the maximum value of this range, as well as each value between such minimum value and maximum value. Further, when the range refers to integers, it includes each integer between the minimum value and the maximum value of this range. In addition, when providing multiple ranges to describe features or characteristics, these ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all sub - ranges subsumed therein.

[0026] In the present application, there is no particular limitation on the specific dispersion and stirring treatment methods.

[0027] 2. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] (1) By using the maximum entropy ecological model method, accurately and rapidly identify the most suitable climate areas for wild Zingiberaceae plants that have not been extensively introduced and cultivated, and then introduce such plants into the garden, thus enriching the types of Zingiberaceae plants that can be applied in the garden.

[0029] (2) Micro-topography transformation can effectively create certain water storage conditions. Planting Zingiberaceae plants according to the terrain height difference can meet the different water requirements of different Zingiberaceae plants and improve the survival rate of Zingiberaceae plants.

[0030] (3) By planting suitable arbors in the area to simulate the light conditions of the original environment of Zingiberaceae plants, the growth adaptability of Zingiberaceae plants can be improved, promoting Zingiberaceae plants to reach the best ornamental state. At the same time, it can achieve the effects of landscape beautification and cost savings for the project.

[0031] (4) The soil improvement materials involved in the present invention are low in cost, can improve the soil structure and water and fertilizer retention capacity without a large amount of investment, and provide a good soil environment for the growth of Zingiberaceae plants.

[0032] Comparative Example 1:

[0033] 1. As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shows a Zingiberaceae plant garden landscape designed and constructed solely based on experience in terms of species selection. This plant landscape is located in a botanical garden in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The planting area is adjacent to water, with a total area of 20m × 30m. The goal is to construct a Zingiberaceae plant landscape with distinct colors and low maintenance costs. The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] (1) Terrain treatment: Turn over the land, clean up the soil debris, and slightly adjust the soil surface slope to ensure good drainage and landscape effect. The terrain slope is shaped to be approximately 1:3. The height difference of the treated site is between ±0 and +60 ( Figure 1 ).

[0035] (2) Planting design: Based on the goal of constructing a plant landscape with distinct colors and low maintenance costs, Jacaranda mimosifolia with a crown width of 5m and Bauhinia purpurea with a crown width of 3m were selected as the main landscape trees for planting. Without conducting climate suitability analysis and light and moisture threshold tests, a total of 19 species of Zingiberaceae plants were directly selected according to the landscape construction goal: Zingibermioga of the genus Zingiber, Zingiber corallinum, Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber hainanense; Globba marantina of the genus Globba; Stahlianthus involucratus of the genus Stahlianthus; Kaempferia galanga, Kaempferia rotunda of the genus Kaempferia; Alpinia calcarata, Alpinia zerumbet, Alpinia tonkinensis, Alpinia nigra, Alpinia zerumbet of the genus Alpinia; Hedychium coronarium, Hedychium coccineum, Hedychium flavum, Hedychium spicatum of the genus Hedychium; Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria of the genus Curcuma ( Figure 2 ). Nor was the water demand configured according to the species. The topographic map and configuration map are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0036] (3) Soil: The soil was not improved.

[0037] (4) Planting and maintenance: Transplanting was carried out according to the planting map drawn in (2). Weeding and soil banking were carried out in a timely manner during the growing season, and pruning was carried out in a timely manner after the flowers withered to promote the germination of new branches.

[0038] During the first-year growth cycle, Jacaranda mimosifolia had poor flowering, Hedychium spicatum died, Hedychium coccineum and Hedychium flavum grew poorly, Alpinia nigra and Hedychium coronarium withered due to water shortage, and Curcuma zedoaria, Kaempferia galanga, and Kaempferia rotunda had less flowering due to excessive shading; Globba marantina, Zingiber zerumbet, and Zingiber corallinum grew poorly under excessive light, resulting in a poor landscape effect. Description of the Drawings

[0039] (1) Figure 1 : Topographic design drawing of Comparative Example 1

[0040] (2) Figure 2 : Planting design drawing of Comparative Example 1

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] 1. As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 shows the landscape construction results of the first year based on Comparative Example 1. In the second to third years, a low-maintenance garden configuration method for Zingiberaceae plants was used to redesign and reconstruct the site. The specific steps are as follows:

[0043] (1) Conduct a climate suitability analysis of Zingiberaceae plants based on ArcGIS and the MaxEnt model software. Taking Hedychium villosum var. tenuiflorum as an example, obtain the geographical distribution data of Hedychium villosum var. tenuiflorum by studying literature records, herbarium collections, and cultivation growth conditions in multiple provinces; obtain a total of 19 bioclimatic variables under the current climate conditions in Worldclim. Establish a model in the MaxEnt software by combining the geographical distribution data with the 19 bioclimatic variables to determine the currently suitable planting locations of Hedychium villosum var. tenuiflorum. Download maps from the National Geographical Information Center of China, and then use ArcGIS 10.0 software for data processing and visualization analysis.

[0044] The suitability results of Hedychium villosum var. Tenuiflorum were divided from 0 to 1, and the areas with suitability higher than 0.01 were the suitable cultivation areas. The results showed that the southern part of Guangxi where Nanning is located is the most suitable (suitability > 0.4) growth area of Hedychium villosum var. tenuiflorum. Using the same method as above, the suitable distribution areas of other Zingiberaceae plants were delineated. The results showed that the Zingiberaceae plants suitable for growth in Nanning also include species of Alpinia, Amomum, Zingiber, Etlingera, Hedychium, Curcuma, Kaempferia, and Globba.

[0045] (2) For the Zingiberaceae plant species screened in (1), pot cultivation was used for introduction and cultivation to conduct climate suitability verification. Further, by controlling the watering frequency and placing them under different shading conditions, the optimal requirements for water and light were determined.

[0046] (3) Micro-topography construction: By means of a small amount of excavation and filling, a micro-topography ( Figure 3 ) was created to increase the soil water content, meet the different water requirements of different Zingiberaceae plants, and improve the plant survival rate. A micro-topography with a slope not exceeding 1:3 and a height difference between -15 and +45 cm was created. According to the water content differences, it can be divided into: A - wet area (between -15 and ±0 cm), with a water content of about 45%; B - semi-wet area (±0 to +30 cm), with a water content of 23 - 30%; C - dry area (+30 to +45 cm), with a water content of about 15%. During the filling of the micro-topography soil, layered filling and compaction should be carried out, and the thickness of the surface planting soil should not be less than 30 cm.

[0047] (4) Delonix regia with a planting crown width of 5 m and Bauhinia purpurea with a crown width of 3 m were selected to construct understory areas with shading degrees of 25 - 40%, forest edge areas with shading degrees of 10 - 25%, and forest shade interval areas with shading degrees of 0 - 10% to meet the light requirements of different Zingiberaceae plants.

[0048] (5) Planting design: Based on the goal of constructing a plant landscape with distinct colors and low maintenance costs, the screening results of Zingiberaceae plant species in step (1) are classified according to the requirements for water and light in step (2). According to the water and light conditions of each part after micro-topography transformation in steps (3) and (4), combined with the dynamic change rules of landscape elements such as the plant morphology, color, and texture of Zingiberaceae plants in the vertical and horizontal latitudes among different years, a total of 29 Zingiberaceae plants are finally selected. Among them, for A - plants in humid areas, Alpinia nigra and Alpinia conchigera of the genus Alpinia, Hedychium omeiense, Hedychium coronarium, and Hedychium coccineum of the genus Hedychium are selected; for B - Zingiberaceae plants in semi-humid areas, Alpinia kwangsiensis, Alpinia zerumbet, Alpinia platychilus, Alpinia zerumbet var. variegata, Alpinia coriacea, Alpinia tonkinensis, Alpinia oxyphylla, Alpinia hainanensis, Alpinia calcarata of the genus Alpinia, Globba marantina of the genus Globba, Zingiber nudicarpum, Zingiber hainanense, Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber striolatum, Zingiber corallinum, Zingiber mioga, Zingiber guliangense of the genus Zingiber, Kaempferia galanga and Kaempferia rotunda of the genus Kaempferia, Stahlianthus involucratus of the genus Stahlianthus, and Hedychium brevicaule of the genus Hedychium are selected; for C - Zingiberaceae plants in arid areas, Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma zedoaria of the genus Curcuma are selected. See the configuration diagram in Figure 4 .

[0049] (6) Soil improvement, planting, and management: Using peat, bark, coconut coir, and bio-organic fertilizer as materials, adopting V 原生土壤 :V椰糠 : V 泥炭 : V 树皮 : V 生物有机肥 Improve the vertical range with a soil depth of 30 cm in the ratio of 3:2:2:2:1 to increase soil nutrients and improve soil air permeability. Transplant seedlings according to the planting map drawn in (5). Apply about 20 g of farmyard organic fertilizer to each planting hole before transplantation. Weed and hill up the soil in a timely manner during the growth season, and prune in a timely manner after the flowers wither to promote the germination of new branches.

[0050] In this example, change the Jacaranda mimosifolia in Comparative Example 1 to Delonix regia, and recreate the site shading conditions and configuration types. Remove Hedychium spicatum, Hedychium flavum, and Hedychium coccineum, and add Hedychium simaoense, Hedychium omeiense, and Hedychium coccineum (flesh red) to Area A - humid area; add Zingiber nudicarpum, Zingiber guliangense, and Alpinia oxyphylla to Area B - semi - humid area. Configure Alpinia coriacea in the under - forest and forest - edge areas, and configure Alpinia kwangsiensis, Alpinia zerumbet, Alpinia platychilus, and Alpinia hainanensis in the forest area. Configure Curcuma aromatica in Area C - arid area. After two years of follow - up monitoring, the survival rate of the Zingiberaceae plants configured in Example 1 reached 97.6%, the landscape viewing period was extended to 8 months, the beauty degree was enhanced by 40% compared with Comparative Example 1 under the same conditions, and the maintenance cost was reduced by 25%. 2. Description of the Drawings

[0052] (1) Figure 3 : Plan view of the micro - terrain transformation in Example 1

[0053] (2) Figure 4 : Plan view of the planting design in Example 1

[0054] Comparative Example 2:

[0055] 1. As Figure 5 、 Figure 6The Zingiberaceae plant landscape designed and constructed without using a low-maintenance garden configuration method for Zingiberaceae plants is shown. The plant landscape is located in a university in Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. The planting area is adjacent to the water, with a total area of ​​10m×12m. It is planned to construct an aromatic, low-maintenance Zingiberaceae plant landscape. The specific steps are as follows:

[0056] (1) Terrain treatment: till the land, clean up soil debris, maintain the original terrain without major adjustments, and fine-tune the soil slope to ensure good drainage and landscape effects. The terrain slope should not exceed 1:3, and the height difference of the treated terrain should be between ±0 and +50 ( Figure 5 ). Planting design did not make species selection based on soil moisture content.

[0057] (2) Planting design: Based on the construction direction and the goal of low-maintenance plant landscape construction, Terminalia mantaly with a crown width of 4 m and Bauhinia purpurea with a crown width of 3 m were selected as the main landscape trees for planting. ArcGis and maximum entropy model software were not used to analyze the climate suitability of Zingiberaceae plants. A total of 17 Zingiberaceae plants were selected directly based on planting experience and landscape construction goals: Alpinia zerumbet, Alpinia polyantha, Alpinia tonkinensis, Alpinia maculei, and Alpinia zerumbet; Curcuma kwangsiensis, Curcuma aromatica, and Curcuma longa; Kaempferia elegans, Kaempferia rotunda, and Kaempferia galanga; Hedychium coronarium, Hedychium puerense, and Hedychium chinense; menghaiense); Globba schomburgkii, Globba marantina; Stahlianthus involucratus ( Figure 6 ).

[0058] (3) Soil: The soil has not been improved.

[0059] (4) Planting and maintenance: Plant according to the planting map drawn in (2). Weed and cultivate the soil in time during the growing season, and prune in time after the flowers fade to promote the sprouting of new branches.

[0060] In Comparative Example 2, during the planting design, no species configuration selection was made according to the soil water content. Alpiniamaclurei, Alpiniapolyantha, and Alpinia zerumbet withered and died of drought in large areas due to severe water shortage, and Hedychium coronarium also grew poorly due to water shortage. At the same time, due to the failure to consider the light requirements of the selected species, Kaempferiagalanga, Kaempferia elegans, Alpinia densibracteata, and Alpinia tonkinensis had poor flowering due to excessive shading, and the landscape construction goal was not achieved. 2. Description of the Drawings

[0062] (1) Figure 5 : Topographic design drawing of Comparative Example 2

[0063] (2) Figure 6 : Planting design drawing of Comparative Example 2

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] 1. As Figure 7 、 Figure 8 shows the landscape construction results based on Comparative Example 2. In the second to third years, the site was redesigned and constructed using a low-maintenance garden configuration method for Zingiberaceae plants. The specific steps are as follows:

[0066] (1) Using ArcGis combined with maximum entropy model software, initially screen out the currently suitable Zingiberaceae plants in the project location.

[0067] (2) Introduce and cultivate the Zingiberaceae plant species screened in (1), conduct climate suitability verification, and determine the species for configuration. Further clarify the optimal demand conditions for water and light of these species through control experiments. (3) Micro-topography construction: By means of a small amount of excavation and filling, shape the micro-topography ( Figure 7 ), improve the soil water content, meet the different water requirements of different Zingiberaceae plants, and improve the plant survival rate. Shape the micro-topography with a slope not exceeding 1:3 and a height difference between -15 and +45 cm. According to the water content difference, it can be divided into: A - wet area (between -15 and ±0 cm), with a water content of about 45%; B - semi-wet area (±0 to +30 cm), with a water content of 23 - 30%; C - arid area (+30 to +45 cm), with a water content of about 15%. When filling the micro-topography with soil, it should be filled and compacted in layers, and the thickness of the surface planting soil should not be less than 30 cm.

[0068] (4) Select Terminalia neotaliala with a planting crown width of 4 m and Bauhinia purpurea with a crown width of 3 m to construct understory areas with a shading degree of 25-40%, forest edge areas with a shading degree of 10-25%, and forest shade interval areas with a shading degree of 0-10% to meet the light requirements of different Zingiberaceae plants.

[0069] (5) Based on the project goal of constructing an aroma-type and low-maintenance plant landscape, combined with the dynamic change laws of Zingiberaceae plants in the vertical and horizontal directions in different years, select appropriate Zingiberaceae plants and draw a planting map ( Figure 8 ). A total of 21 species of Zingiberaceae plants are selected. Among them, for A - wet area plants, Hedychium coronarium, Hedychium puerense, Hedychium menghaiense of the genus Hedychium, and Alpina conchigera of the genus Alpina are selected; for B - semi-wet area Zingiberaceae plants, Kaempferia galanga, Kaempferia elegans of the genus Kaempferia, Alpina zerumbet, Alpina maclurei, Alpina calcarata, Alpina guinanensis, Alpina polyantha, Alpina oxyphylla, Alpina zerumbet, Alpinia galanga of the genus Alpina, Zingiber zerumbet of the genus Zingiber, and Globba schomburgkii of the genus Globba are selected; for C - dry area Zingiberaceae plants, Curcuma nankunshanensis, Curcuma sichuanensis of the genus Curcuma, Curcuma kwangsiensis, Curcuma elata, and Curcuma aromatica are selected.

[0070] (6) Soil improvement, planting, and management: Using peat, bark, coconut coir, and bio-organic fertilizer as materials, adopting V 原生土壤 : V 椰糠 : V 泥炭 : V 树皮 : V 生物有机肥In a ratio of 3:2:2:2:1, improve the vertical range with a soil depth of 30 cm to increase soil nutrients and enhance soil air permeability. Carry out planting according to the planting map drawn in (5). Before planting, apply about 20 grams of farmyard organic fertilizer to each planting hole, timely weed and hill up the soil during the growth season, and timely prune after the flowers wither to promote the germination of new branches.

[0071] In Example 2, retain one original Terminalia neotaliala and two Bauhinia purpurea in the site of Comparative Example 2, and re-create the site lighting conditions and plant configuration. First, in area A - the wet area, do not plant trees to create shade conditions, and configure Alpinia tonkinensis at the forest edge of area B - the semi-wet area, and add Hedychium coronarium and Hedychium menghaiense to create an aromatic atmosphere; second, in area B - the semi-wet area, create a shaded area, plant Alpinia oxyphylla, Alpinia zerumbet, Zingiber zerumbet, and Zingiber mioga under the forest, plant Globba racemosa, Alpinia maclurei, Alpinia polyantha, and Kaempferia elegans at the forest edge, and plant Alpinia polyantha, Alpinia galanga, Alpinia guinanensis, Alpinia calcarata, Alpinia zerumbet, and Kaempferia rotunda in the forest; finally, in area C - the dry area, add Curcuma kwangsiensis, Curcuma elata, Curcuma nankunshanensis, Curcuma sichuanensis, and Curcuma aromatica. In Example 2, the concentration of volatile compounds of the modified aroma-type Zingiberaceae plants increased by 50% (detected by GC-MS), and the maintenance cost decreased by 30%. 2. Description of the Drawings

[0073] (1) Figure 7 : Plan view of the micro-topography transformation in Example 2

[0074] (2) Figure 8: Planting design plan view of Embodiment 2.

Claims

1. A method for low-maintenance garden configuration of Zingiberaceae plants, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) Climate suitability screening: Based on ArcGIS and the MaxEnt model software, call the climate data of World Climate to screen Zingiberaceae plants that are suitable for the climate conditions of the project location and do not require irrigation. (2) Introduction and verification: Verify the adaptability of the varieties screened in (1) through three-year cultivation experiments, and clarify their water and light requirement thresholds. (3) Micro-topography construction: Select a site near water, shape a micro-topography with a height difference of -15 to +45 cm, and construct a gradient difference in soil moisture, namely a wet area, a semi-wet area, and a dry area. (4) Shading regulation: Select arbors with beautiful tree shapes and adapted to the local climate, and form gradient shading areas by controlling the planting spacing, namely the under-forest area, the forest-edge area, and the inter-forest area. (5) Planting design: Combine water and light conditions with landscape goals (color, flowering period, fragrance), select suitable species and draw a planting plan. (6) Soil improvement and maintenance: Improve the soil according to the ratio of native soil: coconut coir: peat: bark: bio-organic fertilizer = 3:2:2:2:1, apply 20 g of organic fertilizer per hole during planting, and regularly weed and prune.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), it is necessary to comprehensively obtain the geographical distribution data of the species for modeling, and identify and verify them one by one, and delete the incorrect data to ensure the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and representativeness of the modeling data, so as to ensure the scientific nature of the climate suitability analysis. The methods for obtaining geographical distribution data include but are not limited to literature, specimens, image libraries, web pages, Weibo, etc.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The water control experiment in step (2) is as follows: Select a flat plot, dig trenches and form ridges, with a ridge width of 120 cm and a plant spacing of 40×40 cm; irrigate by furrow irrigation, and control the water level in the trenches to be 45 cm, 30 cm, and 10 cm below the ridge surface respectively, so that the soil moisture content on the ridge surface changes in a gradient; clarify the threshold of the selected species for soil moisture by observing key indicators such as plant height, flower branch rate, inflorescence size, and population flowering period.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The light intensity control experiment in step (2) is as follows: Control the light intensity by the density and number of layers of shading nets; clarify the threshold of the selected species for light intensity by observing key indicators such as plant height, flower branch rate, inflorescence size, and population flowering period.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the height difference of -15 to +45 cm is divided into 3 regions, where A - wet area (between -15 and ±0 cm), with a water content of about 45%; B - semi-wet area (±0 to +30 cm), with a water content of 23 - 30%; C - dry area (+30 to +45 cm), with a water content of about 15%.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The selected arbors in step (4) should have a crown width of 3 - 5 m and a shading degree of no more than 40%, and the planting spacing is 5 - 8 m. The constructed gradient shading areas are respectively: under-forest area (25 - 40%), plant shade-tolerant varieties; forest-edge area (10 - 25%), plant semi-shade-tolerant varieties; inter-forest area (0 - 10%): plant light-loving varieties.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When carrying out the planting design in step (5), it is necessary to select Zingiberaceae plants with different forms for configuration according to the design goals of the project (such as: requiring to construct a landscape with bright colors, or a landscape with flowers in all seasons, or a landscape with continuous fragrance, or a landscape with unique shapes).

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-organic fertilizer in step (6) is made by composting the shredded branches and leaves of garden plants.

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