Production line and method for producing seedling culture and cultivation substrates by utilizing agricultural and forestry wastes

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing a seedling and cultivation medium by utilizing agricultural and forestry wastes, which comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing the agricultural and forestry wastes, and carbonizing to prepare biochar; 2, plastic bags in the waste fungus bags are removed, and fungus residues are smashed; step 3, mixing the mushroom dreg particles and the washed cow dung, and mixing charcoal and a microbial fermentation inoculant to obtain a mixed material, and preparing a fermented composted material; step 4, obtaining an aged fermentation composted material; step 5, obtaining a disinfected material; step 6, mixing the aged and fermented composted material, the disinfected material, perlite and vermiculite to obtain a primary substrate; step 7, screening the primary substrate; and step 8, packaging the finished product matrix. When the culture medium is produced, not only can agricultural and forestry wastes be utilized, difficult-to-decompose substances such as fruit tree branches be crushed, but also the materials are fermented, and the production method of the medium is improved, so that the obtained culture medium has a better effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cultivation substrate production, and particularly to a production line and method for producing seedling-raising and cultivation substrates by using agricultural and forestry waste. Background Art

[0002] Substrate cultivation is the main form of soilless cultivation. The key to the substrate formula lies in the selection, proportioning, and pretreatment of raw materials. Considering environmental protection and providing high-quality and low-cost local substrates for the market, using organic solid waste to produce diversified and harmless substrates and realizing the recyclable use of natural resources has become a research hotspot in recent years, and agricultural and pastoral waste is one of the most important parts.

[0003] Agricultural and forestry waste is rich in resources and nutrients. After appropriate treatment, it can be used as one of the raw materials for substrates. Currently, some research and applications have been explored. For example, waste compost is proportioned with raw materials such as peat, perlite, and vermiculite to produce seedling-raising substrates or cultivation substrates. However, the current substrate production process is limited to composting easily decomposable waste such as cow dung and straw, and through simple compounding, the produced substrates have limited performance. It is feasible for some vegetables and flowers, but to achieve a cultivation effect comparable to that of conventional raw materials such as peat and coconut coir, the equipment and process technology need to be further improved. For example, an automated production line for seedling-raising substrates (CN201220091647.6) only includes a mixer, a crusher, a conveyor belt, a screening machine (17), and a bagging machine, which is suitable for finished raw materials such as peat and vermiculite. It does not involve the necessary pretreatment stages such as the fermentation of waste, nor does it specifically improve according to the characteristics of waste, and is not suitable for the substrate production process of waste. For difficult-to-decompose forestry waste such as fruit tree branches, general composting processes are also difficult to achieve the treatment effect.

[0004] Therefore, a production line and method for producing seedling-raising and cultivation substrates by using agricultural and forestry waste are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a production line and method for producing seedling-raising and cultivation substrates by using agricultural and forestry waste to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a method for producing seedling-raising and cultivation substrates by using agricultural and forestry waste, including:

[0007] Step 1, crushing agricultural and forestry waste, carbonizing the crushed agricultural and forestry waste to prepare biochar;

[0008] Step 2, treating waste mushroom bags, removing the plastic bags in the waste mushroom bags to obtain mushroom residues, crushing the mushroom residues to obtain mushroom residue particles;

[0009] Step 3: Mix the crushed mushroom residue and washed cow dung, add biochar and microbial fermentation inoculant to obtain a mixed material, and ferment the mixed material to prepare a fermented and matured material.

[0010] Step 4: Age the fermented and matured material to obtain an aged fermented and matured material.

[0011] Step 5: Disinfect peat soil and coconut coir to obtain a disinfected material.

[0012] Step 6: Mix the aged fermented and matured material, disinfected material, perlite and vermiculite to obtain a primary substrate.

[0013] Step 7: Screen the primary substrate to obtain a finished substrate meeting the particle size requirements.

[0014] Step 8: Package the finished substrate.

[0015] Preferably, in Step 1, the agricultural and forestry waste is selected from fruit tree branches or straw with a high lignin content, and the particle size after crushing is 1 - 3 cm. In Step 2, the particle size of the crushed mushroom residue is 1 - 2 cm.

[0016] Preferably, in Step 1, the carbonization parameters are heating to 350 - 400 °C at a rate of 20 °C / min and holding for 2 h, and the specific surface area of the biochar is 50 - 150 m 2 / g.

[0017] Preferably, in Step 3, the volume ratio of the mushroom residue to the washed cow dung is 2:1, the moisture content of the mixed material is adjusted to 60%, and the addition amount of biochar accounts for 3 - 5% of the total volume of the mixed material.

[0018] Preferably, in Step 3, the fermentation time is 5 - 7 days, the fermentation condition is aeration and ventilation, and the fermentation temperature is maintained above 65 °C for more than 72 hours.

[0019] Preferably, the aging time in Step 4 is about 30 days.

[0020] Preferably, the disinfection temperature in Step 5 is 30 - 125 °C, and the disinfection time is not less than 20 minutes.

[0021] A production line for producing nursery and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste, comprising:

[0022] A pretreatment system, the pretreatment system comprising a feeding bin, a bag remover, a pulverizer 1, a pulverizer 2 and a feed bin, the feeding bin and the pulverizer 1 are connected via a scraper conveyor 1, the bag remover and the pulverizer 2 are connected via a scraper conveyor 2, the pulverizer 1 and the feed bin are connected via a screw conveyor, the feeding bin is used to load agricultural and forestry wastes, the pulverizer 1 is used to pulverize agricultural and forestry wastes, and the pulverizer 2 is used to pulverize fungus residues;

[0023] A carbonization system, the carbonization system comprising a carbonization machine, the sub-bin and the carbonization machine are three-way connected via a scraper conveyor, and the carbonization machine is used to carbonize the crushed agricultural and forestry waste;

[0024] A fermentation system, the fermentation system comprising a vertical fermentation tank, and ventilation, humidification, feeding and other systems supporting the vertical fermentation tank, the vertical fermentation tank is used to ferment the mixed material;

[0025] A disinfection system, the disinfection system comprising a disinfection machine, the disinfection machine is used to disinfect the peat soil and the coconut bran;

[0026] A batching system, the batching system includes a three-dimensional automatic batching conveyor, a mixer and a sieving machine, the three-dimensional automatic batching conveyor is used to convey the aged fermented and decomposed material, sterilized peat soil, perlite and vermiculite to the mixer, and the sieving machine is used to sieve the primary matrix;

[0027] The packaging system comprises a briquetting machine and a packaging machine. The briquetting machine is used to briquette the finished matrix, and the packaging machine is used to package the briquette finished matrix.

[0028] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: when producing a cultivation substrate, the present invention can not only utilize agricultural and forestry wastes and crush difficult-to-decompose materials such as fruit tree branches, but also ferment the materials and improve the substrate production method, so that the obtained cultivation substrate has a better effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the production line structure of the present invention for producing seedlings and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry wastes;

[0031] 1. Feeding bin; 2. Bag remover; 3. First crusher; 4. Second crusher; 5. Distributing bin; 6. First scraper conveyor; 7. Second scraper conveyor; 8. Screw conveyor; 9. Carbonizer; 10. Third scraper conveyor; 11. Vertical fermentation tank; 12. Disinfector; 13. Mixer; 14. Briquetting machine; 15. Packing machine; 16. Three-dimensional automatic batching conveyor; 17. Screening machine. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] Referring to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a method for producing nursery and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste, including:

[0036] Step 1: Crush agricultural and forestry waste, carbonize the crushed agricultural and forestry waste to prepare biochar;

[0037] Step 2: Treat waste mushroom bags, remove the plastic bags in the waste mushroom bags to obtain mushroom residues, and crush the mushroom residues to obtain mushroom residue particles;

[0038] Step 3: Mix the mushroom residue particles and washed cow dung, add biochar and microbial fermentation inoculant to obtain a mixed material, and ferment the mixed material to prepare a fermented and matured material;

[0039] Step 4: Age the fermented and matured material to obtain an aged fermented and matured material;

[0040] Step 5: Disinfect peat soil and coconut coir to obtain disinfected materials;

[0041] Step 6: Mix the aged fermented and matured material, disinfected materials, perlite, and vermiculite to obtain a primary substrate;

[0042] Step 7: Screen the primary substrate to obtain a finished substrate that meets the particle size requirements;

[0043] Step 8: Package the finished substrate.

[0044] For the further optimized solution, in step one, fruit tree branches or straw with a high lignin content are selected as the agricultural and forestry waste. After crushing, the particle size of the agricultural and forestry waste is 1 - 3 cm. In step two, the particle size of the crushed mushroom residue is 1 - 2 cm.

[0045] For the further optimized solution, in step one, the carbonization parameters are to heat up to 350 - 400 °C at a rate of 20 °C / min and hold for 2 h. The specific surface area of the biochar is 50 - 150 m2 / g.

[0046] For the further optimized solution, in step three, the volume ratio of the mushroom residue to the washed cow dung is 2:1. The moisture content of the mixed material is adjusted to 60%, and the addition amount of the biochar accounts for 3 - 5% of the total volume of the mixed material.

[0047] For the further optimized solution, in step three, the fermentation time is 5 - 7 days, and the fermentation condition is aeration ventilation, maintaining the fermentation temperature above 65 °C for more than 72 hours.

[0048] For the further optimized solution, the aging time in step four is about 30 days.

[0049] For the further optimized solution, in step five, the disinfection temperature is 30 - 125 °C, and the disinfection time is not less than 20 minutes.

[0050] A production line for producing nursery and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste, comprising:

[0051] A pretreatment system, which includes a feeding bin 1, a bag remover 2, a first crusher 3, a second crusher 4, and a material distribution bin 5. The feeding bin 1 and the first crusher 3 are connected through a first scraper conveyor 6. The bag remover 2 and the second crusher 4 are connected through a second scraper conveyor 7. The first crusher 3 and the material distribution bin 5 are connected through a screw conveyor 8. The feeding bin 1 is used for loading agricultural and forestry waste, the first crusher 3 is used for crushing agricultural and forestry waste, and the second crusher 4 is used for crushing mushroom residue;

[0052] A carbonization system, which includes a carbonizer 9. The material distribution bin 5 and the carbonizer 9 are connected through a third scraper conveyor 10. The carbonizer 9 is used for carbonizing the crushed agricultural and forestry waste;

[0053] A fermentation system, which includes a vertical fermentation tank 11, and a ventilation, humidification, and feeding system supporting the vertical fermentation tank 11. The vertical fermentation tank 11 is used for fermenting the mixed material;

[0054] A disinfection system, which includes a disinfector 12. The disinfector 12 is used for disinfecting peat soil and coconut coir;

[0055] Batching system, the batching system includes a three-dimensional automatic batching conveyor (16), a mixer 13 and a screening machine (17). The three-dimensional automatic batching conveyor (16) is used to convey the aged, fermented and decomposed materials, disinfected peat soil, perlite and vermiculite into the mixer 13. The screening machine (17) is used to screen the primary substrate;

[0056] Packaging system, the packaging system includes a briquetting machine 14 and a packaging machine 15. The briquetting machine 14 is used to briquette the finished substrate, and the packaging machine 15 is used to package the briquetted finished substrate.

[0057] The vertical fermentation tank 11 is internally provided with a stirring system, has an aeration system, and has an external body heat preservation function.

[0058] The carbonization form of the carbonization machine 9: electric heating, the carbonization power ≥ 10 kw, the carbonization cylinder: the inner diameter ≥ 600 mm, the height ≤ 2.5 m.

[0059] The mixer 13 is selected as a disk mixer.

[0060] This device is controlled by an automatic control system. The automatic control system includes a data curve graph, a data report form, PH manual and automatic control, and can adjust the state of the fermentation system, the temperature and time of the carbonization furnace, and the running time of the disinfection machine 12.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Preparation of tomato cultivation substrate from waste raw materials

[0063] Refer to Figure 1

[0064] Waste raw materials: spent Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom bags, garden waste, washed cow dung;

[0065] Auxiliary materials: peat, coconut coir, perlite, vermiculite.

[0066] Implementation steps:

[0067] Step 1: Use the first crusher 3 to crush the garden waste. The crushed particle size is 1 - 2 cm. After crushing, it is put into the carbonization furnace 9. The carbonization parameters are: heating up to 400 °C at a rate of 20 °C / min and holding for 2 h to prepare biochar. The specific surface area of the biochar is 50 - 150 m 2 / g;

[0068] Step 2: The spent Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom bags enter the bag remover to remove the plastic bags, and the mushroom residues are crushed by the second crusher 4. The crushed particle size is 1 - 2 cm;

[0069] Step 3: The mushroom residue and washed cow dung enter the vertical fermenter 11 at a volume ratio of 2:1. Adjust the moisture content to 60%. Add a fermentation-promoting microbial inoculant and biochar. The addition amount of biochar accounts for 3% of the total material volume. Ferment for 7 days, aerate and ventilate, and maintain the fermentation temperature above 65°C for more than 72 hours to obtain the fermented and matured material for standby;

[0070] Step 4: Put the fermented and matured material into the aging bin for aging for about 30 days;

[0071] Step 5: The peat soil and coconut coir enter the disinfection machine 12. The disinfection time is ≥20 min to obtain the disinfected material;

[0072] Step 6: According to the set formula, the aged and fermented and matured material, the disinfected material, and perlite and vermiculite enter the mixing bin 13 through the three-dimensional automatic batching conveyor (16) for compounding to obtain the primary substrate;

[0073] Step 7: Use the screening machine (17) to screen the primary substrate to remove the components that do not meet the particle size;

[0074] Step 8: Package the finished substrate.

[0075] The indexes of the prepared substrate product are as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Example 3

[0078] Preparation of vegetable seedling-raising substrate from waste raw materials

[0079] Refer to Figure 1

[0080] Waste raw materials: Straw mushroom cultivation waste, vegetable straws, washed cow dung

[0081] Auxiliary materials: Peat, coconut coir, perlite, vermiculite

[0082] Implementation steps:

[0083] Step 1: Use the first crusher 3 to crush the vegetable straws. The crushed particle size is 1-2 cm. After crushing, send them into the carbonization furnace. The carbonization parameters are: heat up to 350°C at a rate of 20°C / min and hold for 2 h to obtain the biochar. The specific surface area of the biochar is 60-120 m 2 / g);

[0084] Step 2: Use the second crusher 4 to crush the straw mushroom cultivation waste. The crushed particle size is 1-2 cm;

[0085] Step 3: The crushed straw mushroom cultivation waste and washed cow dung enter the vertical fermenter 11 at a volume ratio of 4:1, adjust the moisture content to 60%, add a fermentation-promoting microbial inoculant and biochar, the biochar addition amount accounts for 5% of the total material volume, ferment for 5 days, aerate and ventilate, keep the fermentation temperature above 65°C for more than 72 hours, and prepare the fermented and decomposed material for standby;

[0086] Step 4: Put the fermented and decomposed material into the silo for about 30 days of aging;

[0087] Step 5: The peat soil and coconut coir enter the disinfection machine 12, and the disinfection time is ≥20 min;

[0088] Step 6: According to the set formula, the aged fermented and decomposed material obtained in Step 4, the disinfected material obtained in Step 5, and the perlite and vermiculite in the silo enter the mixing silo through the three-dimensional automatic batching conveyor (16) for compounding to obtain the primary substrate;

[0089] Step 7: Use a screening machine (17) to screen the primary substrate to remove components that do not meet the particle size;

[0090] Step 8: Package the primary substrate.

[0091] The prepared substrate product indexes are as follows:

[0092]

[0093] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0094] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing seedling-raising and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste, characterized in that, Including: Step 1: Crush agricultural and forestry waste, carbonize the crushed agricultural and forestry waste to prepare biochar. Step 2: Treat waste mushroom bags, remove plastic bags in the waste mushroom bags to obtain mushroom residues, crush the mushroom residues to obtain mushroom residue particles. Step 3: Mix the mushroom residue particles and washed cow dung, add biochar and microbial fermentation inoculant to obtain a mixed material, ferment the mixed material to prepare a fermented and matured material. Step 4: Age the fermented and matured material to obtain an aged fermented and matured material. Step 5: Disinfect peat soil and coconut coir to obtain a disinfected material. Step 6: Mix the aged fermented and matured material, disinfected material, perlite and vermiculite to obtain a primary substrate. Step 7: Screen the primary substrate to obtain a finished substrate meeting the particle size requirements. Step 8: Package the finished substrate.

2. The method for producing a seedling raising and cultivation substrate using agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above Step 1, the agricultural and forestry waste is selected as fruit tree branches or straw with a high lignin content. The particle size of the crushed agricultural and forestry waste is 1 - 3 cm, and the particle size of the mushroom residue particles in Step 2 is 1 - 2 cm.

3. A method for producing nursery and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first step, the carbonization parameters are heating to 350 - 400 °C at a rate of 20 °C / min and holding for 2 h, and the specific surface area of the biochar is 50 - 150 m 2 / g.

4. A method for producing seedling and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above Step 3, the volume ratio of the mushroom residue to the washed cow dung is 2:1, adjust the moisture content of the mixed material to 60%, and the addition amount of biochar accounts for 3 - 5% of the total volume of the mixed material.

5. A method for producing seedling and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above Step 3, the fermentation time is 5 - 7 days, and the fermentation condition is aeration and ventilation, keeping the fermentation temperature above 65°C for more than 72 hours.

6. A method for producing seedling-raising and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aging time in the above Step 4 is about 30 days.

7. A method for producing nursery and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above Step 5, the disinfection temperature is 30 - 125°C, and the disinfection time is not less than 20 minutes.

8. A production line for producing seedling-raising and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste, based on the method for producing seedling-raising and cultivation substrates using agricultural and forestry waste described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including: A pretreatment system, the pretreatment system includes a feeding bin (1), a bag remover (2), a first crusher (3), a second crusher (4) and a distribution bin (5). The feeding bin (1) and the first crusher (3) are connected through a first scraper conveyor (6), the bag remover (2) and the second crusher (4) are connected through a second scraper conveyor (7), the first crusher (3) and the distribution bin (5) are connected through a screw conveyor (8). The feeding bin (1) is used to load agricultural and forestry waste, the first crusher (3) is used to crush agricultural and forestry waste, and the second crusher (4) is used to crush mushroom residues. A carbonization system, the carbonization system includes a carbonizer (9). The distribution bin (5) and the carbonizer (9) are connected through a third scraper conveyor (10). The carbonizer (9) is used to carbonize the crushed agricultural and forestry waste. A fermentation system, the fermentation system includes a vertical fermentation tank and a ventilation, humidification and feeding system supporting the vertical fermentation tank (11). The vertical fermentation tank (11) is used to ferment the mixed material. A disinfection system, the disinfection system includes a disinfector (12). The disinfector (12) is used to disinfect the peat soil and the coconut coir. An ingredient system, the ingredient system includes a three-dimensional automatic ingredient conveyor (16), a mixer (13) and a screening machine (17). The three-dimensional automatic ingredient conveyor (16) is used to convey the aged fermented and matured material, disinfected peat soil, perlite and vermiculite into the mixer (13), and the screening machine (17) is used to screen the primary substrate. Packaging system, the packaging system includes a briquetting machine (14) and a packaging machine (15), the briquetting machine (14) is used for briquetting the finished product matrix, and the packaging machine (15) is used for packaging the briquetted finished product matrix.

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