Method for utilizing mulberry leaf extraction residues
Through enzymatic lysis, supercritical extraction and nanoadsorption technologies, high-content flavonoids and polysaccharides are extracted from mulberry leaf extraction residues, solving the problem that mulberry leaf residues are not effectively utilized, and achieving efficient recycling of resources and environmental protection.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510434915.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-04
AI Technical Summary
The dregs generated by mulberry leaves during processing are not effectively utilized, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution, and the prior art has failed to effectively recover their biologically active ingredients.
Using enzymatic lysis, supercritical extraction and nanoadsorption technology, flavonoids and polysaccharides were extracted from mulberry leaf extraction residues, and the target components were isolated by enzymatic lysis, and the composite materials of amino-modified nanosilica and macroporous resin were used for nanoadsorption, and a high content of extract powder and mulberry leaf residue fertilizer was finally prepared.
The efficient resource utilization of mulberry leaf residue is achieved, the flavonoids and polysaccharide content in the extract powder is high, reaching ≥40% and ≥45%, and the residue is converted into organic fertilizer, reducing environmental pollution.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mulberry leaf residue treatment, and specifically relates to a method for utilizing mulberry leaf extraction residue. Background Art
[0002] As a traditional Chinese medicine and feed raw material, mulberry leaves contain rich active ingredients in their extracts, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. These ingredients have various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, a large amount of residue is generated during the processing of mulberry leaves. If these residues are not effectively utilized, they may be treated as garbage, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, studying the utilization method of mulberry leaf residue can achieve efficient recycling of resources and reduce environmental pollution. Mulberry leaf residue contains various bioactive substances and can be converted into high-value-added products through deep processing, having broad application prospects in the fields of food, medicine, and health products. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The present invention overcomes the failure of the prior art to resourcefully utilize mulberry leaf extraction residue, and thus provides a method for utilizing mulberry leaf extraction residue. After obtaining a crude extract through enzymatic hydrolysis and supercritical extraction, a powder extract with high flavonoid and polysaccharide contents is purified by means of nano-adsorption.
[0004] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions.
[0005] The present invention discloses a method for utilizing mulberry leaf extraction residue, comprising the following steps:
[0006] S1. Enzymatically hydrolyze and extract the mulberry leaf extraction residue to obtain an extract and a filter residue respectively; further subject the filter residue to supercritical extraction to obtain an extraction solution; combine the extract and the extraction solution to obtain a crude extract;
[0007] S2. Subject the crude extract to nano-adsorption, and finally perform desorption and collect the purified solution;
[0008] S3. Concentrate and dry the purified solution to obtain an extract powder;
[0009] S4. Subject the filter residue after supercritical fluid extraction in S1 to secondary enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain mulberry leaf residue fertilizer.
[0010] In S1, the enzymatic hydrolysis uses 30 - 40 wt% cellulase and 60 - 70 wt% pectinase, and the total mass of the two enzymes is 0.5 - 1% of the residue mass.
[0011] In S1, the solid-liquid ratio during the enzymatic hydrolysis is 1:5 - 1:10 g / mL.
[0012] In S1, the initial pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis is 4.5 - 5.5.
[0013] In S1, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 45 - 55°C, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 2 - 3 h.
[0014] In S1, after enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzyme is inactivated by maintaining at 85 - 95°C for 8 - 15 min.
[0015] In S1, the ethanol content in the extraction solution for extraction is 40 - 60%.
[0016] In S1, the extraction temperature is 60 - 70°C, and the extraction time is 15 - 30 min.
[0017] In S1, the extraction adopts microwave-assisted extraction, with a microwave power of 300 - 500 W and an ultrasonic power of 200 - 300 W.
[0018] In S1, after extraction, the extraction solution and filter residue are separated by centrifugation.
[0019] In S1, the solvent for supercritical extraction is 5 - 10% ethanol and the balance carbon dioxide.
[0020] In S1, the pressure for supercritical extraction is 25 - 30 MPa.
[0021] In S1, the temperature for supercritical extraction is 40 - 50°C.
[0022] In S1, the flow rate for supercritical extraction is 15 - 30 L / h.
[0023] In S1, the time for supercritical extraction is 1 - 2 h.
[0024] In S2, before nano-adsorption, the crude extract needs to be adjusted to a pH of 6.0 - 7.5.
[0025] In S2, the temperature for nano-adsorption is 25 - 30°C, and it is stirred for 1 - 3 h to allow the target component to adsorb on the surface of the composite material.
[0026] In S2, the nano-adsorption is carried out using a composite material prepared from amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin for adsorption.
[0027] In S2, the preparation method of the composite material is to mix amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin, then add 1 - 2 wt% glutaraldehyde, and mix evenly at 40 - 60°C for 1 - 3 h.
[0028] Furthermore, in S2, the D50 of the amino-modified nano-silica is 20 - 40 nm, and preferably D50 = 20 nm.
[0029] Furthermore, in S2, the macroporous resin is D101 or AB - 8.
[0030] In further step S2, the mass ratio of the amino-modified nano-silica to the macroporous resin in the composite material is 0.8 to 1.5:1, preferably 1 to 1.3:1.
[0031] In further step S2, the mass of the composite material used is 30 to 50% of the mass of the mulberry leaf extraction residue.
[0032] In S2, the desorption is carried out by stirring the composite material with 65 to 80% ethanol for 30 to 50 min under ultrasonic assistance.
[0033] In S2, after desorption, it is necessary to filter with a microporous membrane to ensure complete removal of the composite material.
[0034] In S3, the concentration method is vacuum concentration, and the purified liquid is concentrated to 10 to 20% of the original volume.
[0035] In S3, the drying methods are spray drying and freeze drying.
[0036] In further step S3, for spray drying, the inlet air temperature is 180 to 200 °C, the outlet air temperature is 80 to 90 °C, and the atomization pressure is 0.2 to 0.3 MPa.
[0037] In further step S3, for freeze drying, the pre-freezing temperature is -40 °C, the freezing time is 4 to 6 h, the vacuum degree is 10 - 20 Pa, and the drying time is 24 to 48 h.
[0038] In S4, the secondary enzymatic hydrolysis uses 40 to 50 wt% cellulase and 50 to 60 wt% xylanase, and the total mass of the two enzymes is 0.5 to 1% of the residue mass.
[0039] The temperature of the secondary enzymatic hydrolysis is 40 to 60 °C, and the time of the secondary enzymatic hydrolysis is 1 to 3 h.
[0040] On the basis of conforming to the common knowledge in the art, the above preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain various preferred examples of the present invention.
[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0042] 1. The present invention rationally utilizes the mulberry leaf extraction residue to prepare extract powder and mulberry leaf residue fertilizer. The technological process is as follows: the mulberry leaf extraction residue is subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis - extraction - supercritical extraction - nano-adsorption, and finally extract powder is obtained. During the enzymatic hydrolysis process, cellulase and pectinase are selected, and their main function is to destroy the cell wall, thereby releasing the active ingredients. A large amount of cellulose and hemicellulose still remain in the filter residue after supercritical extraction, and they are degraded into fermentable sugars through secondary enzymatic hydrolysis, and then the residue is converted into organic fertilizer, realizing resource utilization.
[0043] 2. In the nano-adsorption step, a composite material of amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin is selected as the adsorbent. The amino group of the amino-modified nano-silica can be protonated and positively charged under acidic conditions, and can adsorb flavonoids through electrostatic interaction. In addition, the amino group can also form hydrogen bonds with the target components, further enhancing the adsorption effect. The macroporous resin, due to its high specific surface area and porous structure, can provide a large adsorption capacity, and it adsorbs non-polar components such as some polysaccharides through hydrophobic interaction.
[0044] 3. The yield of the extract powder recovered from the mulberry leaf extraction residue of the present invention is ≥13%, and in some preferred embodiments, it is 13.9 - 21.2%. The total flavonoid content in the extract powder is ≥40%, and in some preferred embodiments, the total flavonoid content is 37.4 - 44.6%; the polysaccharide content in the extract powder is ≥45%, and in some preferred embodiments, the polysaccharide content is 45.7 - 52.1%. Detailed implementation manners
[0045] For the convenience of understanding the present invention, the following will describe the present invention more comprehensively and meticulously in combination with preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.
[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all the professional terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
[0047] If there is no special instruction, all the implementation manners and optional implementation manners of the present invention can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.
[0048] If there is no special instruction, all the technical features and optional technical features of the present invention can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.
[0049] If there is no special instruction, all the steps of the present invention can be carried out in sequence or randomly, and preferably in sequence. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method can include steps (a) and (b) carried out in sequence, or can also include steps (b) and (a) carried out in sequence. For example, it is mentioned that the method may further include step (c), which means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order. For example, the method can include steps (a), (b) and (c), or can also include steps (a), (c) and (b), or can also include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.
[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "including" mentioned in the present invention are open-ended and can also be closed-ended. For example, the terms "comprising" and "including" can mean that other components not listed can also be included or contained, or that only the listed components are included or contained.
[0051] Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, the term "or" is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, any of the following conditions satisfies the condition "A or B": A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) while B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).
[0052] The amino-modified nano-silica was purchased from Nanjing Jike Biotechnology, with the model number JK-04-003-020 and D50 = 20 nm.
[0053] Example 1
[0054] The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue in this example is as follows:
[0055] Wash 100 g of the mulberry leaf extraction residue and then dry it. After using a pulverizer to crush the mulberry leaf extraction residue powder, pass it through a 100-mesh sieve;
[0056] S1. Add water to the mulberry leaf extraction residue, with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 g / L, adjust the pH to 5.0, add 70 wt% cellulase and 30 wt% pectinase, and the total mass of the two enzymes is 0.8% of the residue mass. Carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C for 2.5 h. After the enzymatic hydrolysis ends, keep it at 90 °C for 10 min to inactivate the enzymes;
[0057] Then add ethanol to make the alcohol content in the extract 40%. The microwave power is 500 W, the ultrasonic power is 300 W, and the frequency is 40 kHz. Under this condition, extract at 60 °C for 20 min; after extraction, centrifuge to separate the extract and the filter residue;
[0058] Put the filter residue into a supercritical fluid extraction kettle, and set the supercritical extraction parameters as follows: Select carbon dioxide as the solvent and add 5% ethanol as the entrainer; control the pressure during the extraction process at 30 MPa, maintain the temperature at 45 °C, keep the carbon dioxide flow rate at 15 L / h, and the extraction time is 1 - 2 h. The obtained extraction liquid and the aforementioned extract are combined to form a crude extract.
[0059] S2. Nano adsorption and desorption: Adjust the pH of the crude extract to 6.0, add a composite material accounting for 50% of the mass of the mulberry leaf extraction residue, and stir at 25 °C for 1.5 h to adsorb the target components on the surface of the composite material;
[0060] Preparation method of composite material for nano-adsorption: Mix amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin in a ratio of 1:1, then add glutaraldehyde accounting for 1.5 wt% of the total mass of the two (amino-modified nano-silica and D101 macroporous resin), and mix and stir at 40 °C for 2 h;
[0061] Filter out the composite material, carry out desorption by stirring with 70% ethanol for 30 min under ultrasonic assistance, collect the purified liquid, and the composite material can be reused after being washed with organic solvent; Concentrate the purified liquid to 15% of the original volume;
[0062] Drying: The inlet air temperature for spray drying is 200 °C, the outlet air temperature is 90 °C, and the atomization pressure is 0.3 MPa; The pre-freezing temperature for freeze drying is -40 °C, the freezing time is 4 h, the vacuum degree is 15 Pa, and the drying time is 24 h; Obtain the extract powder.
[0063] S4. Subject the residue after supercritical fluid extraction in S1 to secondary enzymatic hydrolysis, with the solid-liquid ratio being 1:10 g / L, adjust the pH to 5.0, add 40 wt% cellulase and 60 wt% xylanase, and the total mass of the two enzymes is 1% of the residue mass, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C for 2 h, and maintain at 90 °C for 10 min to inactivate the enzyme after the enzymatic hydrolysis ends, and obtain mulberry leaf residue fertilizer after concentration and drying.
[0064] Example 2
[0065] The difference between this example and Example 1 is:
[0066] In S1, add water to the mulberry leaf extraction residue, with the solid-liquid ratio being 1:8 g / L, adjust the pH to 5.5, add 60 wt% cellulase and 40 wt% pectinase, and the total mass of the two enzymes is 1.0% of the residue mass, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C for 3 h.
[0067] All other steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.
[0068] Example 3
[0069] The difference between this example and Example 1 is:
[0070] In S2, adjust the pH of the crude extract to 7, add the composite material accounting for 50% of the mulberry leaf extraction residue mass, and stir at 30 °C for 2 h to adsorb the target component on the surface of the composite material;
[0071] Preparation method of composite material for nano-adsorption: Mix amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin in a ratio of 1:1, then add glutaraldehyde accounting for 2 wt% of the total mass of the two (amino-modified nano-silica and AB-8 macroporous resin), and mix and stir at 50 °C for 2 h.
[0072] All other steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.
[0073] Example 4
[0074] The difference between this example and Example 1 lies in that:
[0075] The composite material was filtered out, desorbed by stirring with 65% ethanol for 45 min under ultrasonic assistance, and the purified solution was collected; the purified solution was concentrated to 20% of the original volume;
[0076] All other steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.
[0077] Example 5 - Pilot production
[0078] The difference between this example and Example 1 lies in that:
[0079] 1 kg of mulberry leaf extraction residue was washed with water and then dried, and the mulberry leaf extraction residue powder was pulverized using a pulverizer and passed through a 100-mesh sieve;
[0080] S1. Water was added to the mulberry leaf extraction residue, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:8 g / L, the pH was adjusted to 5.0, 70 wt% cellulase and 30 wt% pectinase were added, and the total mass of the two enzymes was 8% of the residue mass. Enzymolysis was carried out at 45 °C for 2 h, and after the enzymolysis was completed, the enzyme was inactivated by maintaining at 85 °C for 8 min;
[0081] Then ethanol was added to make the alcohol content in the extract 50%. The microwave power was 300 W, the ultrasonic power was 300 W, and the frequency was 40 kHz. Extraction was carried out at 60 °C for 15 min under this condition; after extraction, centrifugation was carried out to separate the extract and the filter residue;
[0082] The filter residue was added to a supercritical fluid extraction kettle, and the supercritical extraction parameters were set as follows: carbon dioxide was selected as the solvent, and 5% ethanol was added as the entrainer; the pressure during the extraction process was controlled at 25 MPa, the temperature was maintained at 45 °C, the flow rate of carbon dioxide was kept at 20 L / h, and the extraction time was 1.5 h. The extraction solution and the aforementioned extract were combined to form a crude extract.
[0083] S2. Nano-adsorption and desorption: The pH of the crude extract was adjusted to 6.0, and 30% of the composite material based on the mass of the mulberry leaf extraction residue was added and stirred at 25 °C for 1.5 h to adsorb the target components on the surface of the composite material;
[0084] Preparation method of the composite material used for nano-adsorption: Amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin were mixed in a ratio of 1:1, and 1.5 wt% of glutaraldehyde based on the total mass of the two (amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin) was added, and they were mixed and stirred at 40 °C for 2 h;
[0085] The composite material was filtered out, desorbed by stirring with 70% ethanol for 30 min under ultrasonic assistance, and the purified solution was collected; the purified solution was concentrated to 20% of the original volume;
[0086] Drying: For spray drying, the inlet air temperature is 180 °C, the outlet air temperature is 80 °C, and the atomization pressure is 0.2 MPa; for freeze drying, the pre-freezing temperature is -40 °C, the freezing time is 6 h, the vacuum degree is 20 Pa, and the drying time is 32 h; the extract powder is obtained.
[0087] S4. The residue after supercritical fluid extraction in S1 is enzymatically hydrolyzed for the second time. The solid-liquid ratio is 1:10 g / L, the pH is adjusted to 5.0, 50 wt% cellulase and 50 wt% xylanase are added, and the total mass of the two enzymes is 0.5% of the residue mass. Enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 45 °C for 2.5 h. After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, the enzymes are inactivated by maintaining at 90 °C for 10 min, and mulberry leaf residue fertilizer is obtained after concentration and drying.
[0088] Example 6
[0089] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:
[0090] In the nano-adsorption composite material of this example, the mass ratio of amino-modified nano-silica to macroporous resin is 0.5:1.
[0091] All other steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.
[0092] Comparative Example 1
[0093] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:
[0094] In this comparative example, the process of nano-adsorption and desorption in S2 is not carried out, but the crude extract is directly subjected to the concentration and drying operation in S3.
[0095] All other steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.
[0096] Test Example
[0097] The flavonoid and polysaccharide contents in the above extract powder are tested, and the results are shown in Table 2;
[0098] The total flavonoid content is determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC);
[0099] Test conditions: Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel is used as the filler; methanol A and 0.5% phosphoric acid solution B are used as the mobile phases for gradient elution respectively;
[0100] Gradient elution program:
[0101] 0 - 5 min, 10 - 30% A;
[0102] 5 - 15 min, 30 - 60% A;
[0103] 15 - 20 min, 60% A;
[0104] 20 - 30 min, 60 - 90% A;
[0105] The detection wavelength is 330 nm; the number of theoretical plates calculated based on the quercetin peak should be not less than 2000.
[0106] The detection method of polysaccharide refers to SN / T 4260-2015 "Determination of crude polysaccharide in exported plant-derived foods - Phenol-sulfuric acid method".
[0107] Table 1
[0108] Project Name Yield of Extract Powder (%) Total Flavonoid Content (%) Polysaccharide (%) Example 1 18.4 44.6 52.1 Example 2 15.3 40.9 45.7 Example 3 16.6 44.5 49.8 Example 4 13.9 38.8 49.4 Example 5 21.2 37.4 47.2 Example 6 11.7 30.0 32.3 Comparative Example 1 29.4 9.2 22.9
[0109] Unless otherwise specified, all kinds of raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment, etc. used in the present invention can be obtained through market purchase or can be prepared by existing methods. The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for utilizing mulberry leaf extraction residue, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Enzymatically hydrolyze and extract the mulberry leaf extraction residue to obtain an extract and a filter residue respectively; further subject the filter residue to supercritical extraction to obtain an extraction solution; Combine the extract and the extraction solution to obtain a crude extract; S2. Subject the crude extract to nano-adsorption, and finally perform desorption and collect the purified solution; S3. Concentrate and dry the purified solution to obtain an extract powder; S4. Secondarily enzymatically hydrolyze the filter residue after supercritical fluid extraction in S1 to obtain mulberry leaf residue fertilizer.
2. The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions ① - ⑤: ① The enzymolysis uses 30 - 40 wt% cellulase and 60 - 70 wt% pectinase, and the total mass of the two enzymes is 0.5 - 1% of the residue mass; ② The solid-liquid ratio during the enzymolysis process is 1:5 - 1:10 g / mL; ③ The initial pH of the enzymolysis is 4.5 - 5.5; ④ The enzymolysis temperature is 45 - 55 °C, and the enzymolysis time is 2 - 3 h; ⑤ After the enzymolysis, keep it at 85 - 95 °C for 8 - 15 min to inactivate the enzyme.
3. The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions ① - ④: ① The ethanol content in the extract of the extraction is 40 - 60%; ② The extraction temperature is 60 - 70 °C, and the extraction time is 15 - 30 min; ③ The extraction adopts microwave-assisted extraction; ④ After the extraction, centrifuge to separate the extract and the filter residue.
4. The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions ① - ⑤: ① The solvent for the supercritical extraction is 5 - 10% ethanol and the balance carbon dioxide; ② The pressure for the supercritical extraction is 25 - 30 MPa; ③ The temperature for the supercritical extraction is 40 - 50 °C; ④ The flow rate for the supercritical extraction is 15 - 30 L / h; ⑤ The time for the supercritical extraction is 1 - 2 h.
5. The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions ① - ③: ① Before the nano-adsorption, it is necessary to adjust the pH of the crude extract to 6.0 - 7.5; ② The temperature for the nano-adsorption is 25 - 30 °C, stir for 1 - 3 h, and make the target component adsorb on the surface of the composite material; ③ The nano-adsorption is carried out using a composite material prepared from amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin for adsorption.
6. The utilization method of mulberry leaf extraction residue as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions ① - ⑤: ① The preparation method of the composite material is to mix amino-modified nano-silica and macroporous resin, add glutaraldehyde, and mix evenly at 40 - 60 °C for 1 - 3 h; ② The D50 of the amino-modified nano-silica is 20 - 40 nm; ③ The macroporous resin is D101 or AB - 8; ④ The mass of the composite material used is 30 - 50% of the mass of the mulberry leaf extraction residue; ⑤ The mass ratio of amino-modified nano-silica to macroporous resin in the composite material is 1 - 1.5:
1.
7. The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The desorption is to stir the composite material with 65 - 80% ethanol for 30 - 50 min under ultrasonic assistance.
8. The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions ① - ②: ① The concentration method is vacuum concentration to concentrate the purified solution to 10 - 20% of the original volume; ② The drying method is spray drying and freeze drying.
9. The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions ① - ②: ① The secondary enzymatic hydrolysis uses 40-50 wt% cellulase and 50-60 wt% xylanase, and the total mass of the two enzymes is 0.5-1% of the residue mass; ② The temperature of the secondary enzymatic hydrolysis is 40-60 °C, and the time of the secondary enzymatic hydrolysis is 1-3 h.
10. The utilization method of the mulberry leaf extraction residue according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions ①-③: ① The yield of the extract powder ≥ 13%; ② The total flavonoid content in the extract powder ≥ 40%; ③ The polysaccharide content in the extract powder ≥ 45%.