Photovoltaic module recovery method and photovoltaic module recovery equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic module recycling method and photovoltaic module recycling equipment. The photovoltaic module recycling method comprises the steps that a frame and a junction box of a to-be-recycled photovoltaic module are dismounted to obtain a laminated part of the to-be-recycled photovoltaic module; soaking the laminated piece in a preset chemical reagent to recover surface glass in the laminated piece; pyrolyzing the laminated piece after the surface glass is removed so as to recycle the battery piece and the welding strip; and gas generated by pyrolysis is purified. According to the method, the laminated piece is soaked in the preset chemical reagent to achieve recovery of the surface glass, the packaging adhesive film in the laminated piece is dissolved or swelled in the chemical reagent, only the surface glass can be dissociated at the moment, other products such as battery piece welding strips cannot be generated, the sorting step is reduced, and the recovery process is simplified. And pyrolysis is carried out after surface glass is removed, so that the adhesive film can be further fully dissociated, and pure battery pieces and welding strips can be recycled. In addition, gas generated by antipyretic treatment can be purified, and harmful gas is prevented from being generated to pollute the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling, and particularly to a method and equipment for recycling photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is a sustainable way to convert solar energy into electricity and is currently the fastest-growing renewable energy source. It is reported that by 2023, the global photovoltaic installed capacity has reached as high as 1.6 TW. When the service life of photovoltaic modules reaches 25 - 30 years, how to manage waste photovoltaic modules will face major challenges. According to relevant predictions, the cumulative mass of waste photovoltaic modules will reach 60 million - 78 million tons by 2050, exceeding 10% of the total global electronic waste. The reasonable recycling of waste photovoltaic modules can make full use of valuable materials such as silver, glass, frames, silicon, etc., which is beneficial to both the environment and the economy.

[0003] Typical recycling processes usually include the following steps: disassembly, delamination, material separation, and leaching, where the key components of solar cells can be obtained through leaching after material separation. Disassembly is the step of separating the aluminum frame and junction box from the photovoltaic panel, and delamination is the step of separating the glass and solar cells. However, for common separation methods, the process of removing glass is complex. First, a part is ground off and then chemical delamination is carried out, increasing the delamination process path. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, in view of the problem of the complex delamination process path in the prior art, it is necessary to provide a method and equipment for recycling photovoltaic modules.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for recycling photovoltaic modules, including:

[0006] Removing the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain the laminate of the photovoltaic module to be recycled;

[0007] Soaking the laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recover the surface glass in the laminate;

[0008] Performing pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass to recover the cell wafers and solder tapes;

[0009] Purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis.

[0010] In one embodiment, soaking the laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recover the surface glass in the laminate includes:

[0011] Soaking the laminate in the preset chemical reagent to swell or dissolve the encapsulation adhesive film in the laminate;

[0012] Recover the surface glass that has fallen off in the laminate;

[0013] Clean the laminate after removing the encapsulation film and the surface glass.

[0014] In one embodiment, the preset chemical reagent includes at least one of diester, limonene, ethylene glycol diacetate, N,N-dimethylallylurea, dimethyl carbonate, n-butyl acetate, and isopropyl acetate.

[0015] In one embodiment, the pyrolysis of the laminate after removing the surface glass to recover the solar cell and the solder ribbon includes:

[0016] Perform aerobic pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass;

[0017] Sort the pyrolysis products after aerobic pyrolysis to separately recover the solar cell and the solder ribbon.

[0018] In one embodiment, the aerobic pyrolysis of the laminate after removing the surface glass includes:

[0019] Divide the laminate after removing the surface glass into a test laminate and an actual laminate;

[0020] Obtain the reference pyrolysis parameters of the test laminate after removing the surface glass;

[0021] Pre-treat the test laminate after removing the surface glass according to the reference pyrolysis parameters;

[0022] Obtain the actual pyrolysis parameters according to the pre-treatment result;

[0023] Perform aerobic pyrolysis on the actual laminate after removing the surface glass according to the actual pyrolysis parameters.

[0024] In one embodiment, the reference pyrolysis parameters are within a preset range; the obtaining of the actual pyrolysis parameters according to the pre-treatment result includes:

[0025] When the pre-treatment result is that the adhesive film for fixing the solar cell and the solder ribbon in the test laminate is not completely decomposed, adjust the reference pyrolysis parameters within the preset range to obtain the actual pyrolysis parameters;

[0026] When the pre-treatment result is that the adhesive film for fixing the solar cell and the solder ribbon in the test laminate after removing the surface glass is completely decomposed, use the reference pyrolysis parameters as the actual pyrolysis parameters.

[0027] In one embodiment, both the actual pyrolysis parameters and the reference pyrolysis parameters include heating rate, air flow rate, pyrolysis time, and pyrolysis ambient temperature; the preset range includes the range of heating rate, the range of air flow rate, the range of pyrolysis time, and the range of pyrolysis ambient temperature.

[0028] Among them, the range of the heating rate includes 5°C / min to 15°C / min; the range of the air flow rate includes 10 m³ / min to 80 m³ / min; the range of the pyrolysis time includes 20 min to 60 min; the range of the pyrolysis ambient temperature includes 210°C to 600°C.

[0029] In one embodiment, the aerobic pyrolysis of the laminate after removing the surface glass further includes:

[0030] When the pretreatment result is that the adhesive film for fixing the cell and the solder tape in the tested laminate after removing the surface glass is not completely decomposed, the tested laminate is subjected to secondary pyrolysis according to the actual pyrolysis parameters.

[0031] In one embodiment, the method of sorting the pyrolysis products after aerobic pyrolysis includes air separation.

[0032] In one embodiment, the purification treatment of the gas generated by pyrolysis includes:

[0033] Condensing and liquefying the gas generated by pyrolysis;

[0034] Adsorbing the remaining gas after the condensing and liquefying treatment.

[0035] In one embodiment, the adsorption of the remaining gas after the condensing and liquefying treatment includes:

[0036] Performing a first adsorption treatment on the remaining gas after condensing and liquefying to purify the organic gas in the remaining gas;

[0037] Performing a second adsorption treatment on the gas remaining after the first adsorption treatment to purify the remaining fluorine-containing gas.

[0038] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a photovoltaic module recycling device for implementing the photovoltaic module recycling method as described above; the photovoltaic module recycling device includes:

[0039] A dismantling device for dismantling the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain the laminate of the photovoltaic module to be recycled;

[0040] A dissolving device equipped with a preset chemical reagent for soaking the laminate to recycle the surface glass in the laminate.

[0041] A pyrolysis device for pyrolyzing the laminate after removing the surface glass;

[0042] A sorting device for sorting pyrolysis products to recover solar cells and solder tapes;

[0043] A purification device communicated with the air outlet hole of the pyrolysis device for purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis.

[0044] In one embodiment, the purification device includes:

[0045] A condensation liquefaction tank, the air inlet hole of which is communicated with the air outlet hole of the pyrolysis device for condensing and liquefying the gas generated by pyrolysis;

[0046] A first adsorption tank, the air inlet hole of which is communicated with the air outlet hole of the condensation liquefaction tank for performing a first adsorption treatment on the remaining gas after condensation and liquefaction to purify the organic gas in the remaining gas;

[0047] A second adsorption tank, the air inlet hole of which is communicated with the air outlet hole of the first adsorption tank for performing a second adsorption treatment on the remaining gas after the first adsorption treatment to purify the remaining fluorine-containing gas.

[0048] In one embodiment, the adsorbent in the first adsorption tank includes at least one of activated carbon and fibrous activated carbon.

[0049] In one embodiment, the absorbent in the second adsorption tank includes at least one of calcium oxide, activated alumina and sodium fluoride.

[0050] The above photovoltaic module recycling method and photovoltaic module recycling equipment include removing the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain the laminate of the photovoltaic module to be recycled; soaking the laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recycle the surface glass in the laminate; pyrolyzing the laminate after removing the surface glass to recycle the solar cells and solder tapes; and purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis. In this application, the surface glass is recycled by soaking the laminate in a preset chemical reagent. The encapsulation adhesive film in the laminate is dissolved or swollen in the chemical reagent. At this time, it can be ensured that only the surface glass is dissociated and no other products, such as solar cell solder tapes, are generated, reducing the sorting step and simplifying the recycling process. After removing the surface glass, pyrolysis is carried out to further fully dissociate the adhesive film and recycle pure solar cells and solder tapes. In addition, this application also purifies the gas generated by pyrolysis to avoid generating harmful gases to pollute the environment. Description of the Drawings

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the related art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description in the embodiments of the present application or the related art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of a photovoltaic module recycling method in an embodiment;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a schematic flowchart of soaking a laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recycle the surface glass in the laminate in an embodiment;

[0054] Figure 3 It is a schematic flowchart of pyrolyzing the laminate after removing the surface glass to recycle the solar cells and solder tapes in an embodiment;

[0055] Figure 4 It is a schematic flowchart of aerobic pyrolysis of the laminate after removing the surface glass in an embodiment;

[0056] Figure 5 It is a schematic flowchart of purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis in an embodiment;

[0057] Figure 6 It is a schematic flowchart of adsorbing the remaining gas after condensation and liquefaction treatment in an embodiment;

[0058] Figure 7 It is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module recycling device in an embodiment;

[0059] Figure 8 It is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a purification device in an embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0060] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the following will make a detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present application with reference to the drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to fully understand the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0061] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0062] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0063] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0064] In one embodiment, referring to the attached Figure 1 , the attached Figure 1 shows a schematic flow chart of the photovoltaic module recycling method in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module recycling method includes the following steps S101 to step S104.

[0065] Step S101, removing the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain the laminate of the photovoltaic module to be recycled.

[0066] It can be understood that the part of the photovoltaic module to be recycled excluding the frame and junction box is called the laminate.

[0067] Removing the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain the laminate of the photovoltaic module to be recycled refers to the step of disassembling the frame and junction box from the photovoltaic module to be recycled. Exemplarily, an automatic frame removal machine can be used to completely remove the aluminum frame and junction box by increasing the outward expansion force of the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled. Another example is that a special mechanical removal device can also be used, such as an aluminum frame removal device for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, to horizontally pull or push the mechanical components that hold multiple parts of the photovoltaic module frame outward from the module through a mechanical transmission system, thereby removing each frame and junction box of the module. In addition, manual disassembly can also be adopted. For example, a tool such as a blade is used to manually disassemble the junction box. This is not limited to this.

[0068] Step S102, soaking the laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recover the surface glass in the laminate.

[0069] Among them, the preset chemical reagent is mainly used to swell or dissolve the adhesive film in the laminate. When selecting the preset chemical reagent, the principles of low toxicity, high-efficiency dissociation, and recyclability are followed, and a reagent suitable for the corresponding adhesive film is selected. Exemplarily, if the adhesive film is an EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer) adhesive film, the corresponding preset chemical reagent can be a low-toxic and environmentally friendly reagent such as dibasic acid ester (DBE), limonene, ethylene glycol diacetate, N,N-dimethylacrylamide urea, dimethyl carbonate, n-butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, etc. This is not limited to this.

[0070] The advantage of using chemical reagent dissociation is that it can directly and only obtain the surface glass in the laminate without generating other products (such as cell wafers, solder tapes, busbars, etc.), eliminating the need for multiple sorting operations. Compared with direct pyrolysis, which mixes materials such as glass, cell wafers, and solder tapes together, in this embodiment, by soaking the laminate in a preset chemical reagent, impurity-free surface glass can be directly recovered.

[0071] Step S103, pyrolyzing the laminate after removing the surface glass to recover the cell wafers and solder tapes.

[0072] Among them, the main purpose of pyrolyzing the laminate after removing the surface glass is to break the long chains in the adhesive film encapsulating the cell wafers and solder tapes to form hydrocarbons, and to decompose the vinyl acetate groups in the adhesive film encapsulating the cell wafers and solder tapes. When performing the pyrolysis treatment, the pyrolysis conditions can be determined according to the size, material, etc. of the laminate after removing the surface glass, so as to improve the pyrolysis efficiency.

[0073] Step S104, purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis.

[0074] Exemplarily, the gas generated by pyrolysis can be pre-treated and adsorbed multiple times. During the pre-treatment, the gas generated by pyrolysis is liquefied and decomposed, and different types of gases are purified during the multiple adsorption processes, such as harmful and toxic gases like organic gas and fluorine-containing gas are purified separately.

[0075] In this embodiment, the surface glass is recovered by immersing the laminate in a preset chemical reagent. The encapsulation adhesive film in the laminate is dissolved or swollen in the chemical reagent. At this time, it can be ensured that only the surface glass is dissociated, and no other products such as the battery cell solder tape are generated, reducing the sorting steps and simplifying the recovery process. After removing the surface glass, pyrolysis is carried out to further fully dissociate the adhesive film and recover pure battery cells and solder tapes. In addition, this application also purifies the gas generated by pyrolysis to avoid generating harmful gases that pollute the environment.

[0076] In one embodiment, refer to the attached Figure 2 , the attached Figure 2 shows a schematic flow chart of immersing the laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recover the surface glass in the laminate. In this embodiment, immersing the laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recover the surface glass in the laminate includes the following steps S201 to step S203.

[0077] Step S201, immerse the laminate in the preset chemical reagent to swell or dissolve the encapsulation adhesive film in the laminate.

[0078] Exemplarily, the laminate can be immersed in the preset chemical reagent at a preset temperature for a preset time, where the preset temperature corresponds to the preset time, to fully swell or dissolve the encapsulation adhesive film in the laminate, so as to obtain pure surface glass. Exemplarily, it can be treated in butyl acetate at 90 °C for 1.5 h to swell the encapsulation adhesive film, causing the surface glass to fall off and recover the surface glass, which is not limited thereto.

[0079] Step S202, recover the surface glass that has fallen off from the laminate.

[0080] Step S203, wash the laminate after removing the encapsulation adhesive film and the surface glass.

[0081] In this embodiment, the laminate is immersed in the preset chemical reagent to swell or dissolve the encapsulation adhesive film in the laminate. On the one hand, it can fully swell or dissolve the encapsulation adhesive film and recover the pure surface glass that has fallen off from the laminate; on the other hand, it can shorten the subsequent pyrolysis time and improve the recovery efficiency. Finally, washing the laminate after removing the encapsulation adhesive film and the surface glass can avoid the adverse impact of the chemical reagent on the subsequent pyrolysis process and improve the recovery efficiency and recovery quality.

[0082] In one embodiment, the preset chemical reagent includes at least one of dicarboxylic acid esters, limonene, ethylene glycol diacetate, N,N-dimethylallylurea, dimethyl carbonate, n-butyl acetate, and isopropyl acetate.

[0083] In one embodiment, referring to the attached Figure 3 , the attached Figure 3 shows a schematic process diagram of pyrolyzing the laminate after removing the surface glass to recover the solar cells and solder tapes. In this embodiment, pyrolyzing the laminate after removing the surface glass to recover the solar cells and solder tapes includes the following steps S301 to step S302.

[0084] Step S301, perform aerobic pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass.

[0085] By performing aerobic pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass, on the one hand, introducing oxygen can accelerate the oxidation reaction of organic substances and improve the decomposition efficiency. On the other hand, since oxygen can promote more complete combustion and decomposition, aerobic pyrolysis can minimize the generation of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, reduce the subsequent gas purification process, lower costs, and improve the recovery efficiency.

[0086] Specifically, air can be introduced into the pyrolysis device at a preset flow rate so that oxygen in the air can be received during the pyrolysis process to ensure an aerobic environment. In addition, the temperature can be increased through the temperature increase program in the pyrolysis device, and the temperature of the pyrolysis environment can be monitored in real time through a temperature sensor, so as to ensure that the laminate after removing the surface glass is pyrolyzed under preset temperature and oxygen conditions to ensure the pyrolysis effect.

[0087] Step S302, sort the pyrolysis products after aerobic pyrolysis to separately recover the solar cells and solder tapes.

[0088] Specifically, the corresponding sorting method can be selected according to the differences in density and mass between the solar cells and the solder tapes for sorting, so as to efficiently sort out the solar cells and the solder tapes. Exemplarily, air separation can be used, but it is not limited thereto.

[0089] In one embodiment, referring to the attached Figure 4 , the attached Figure 4 shows a schematic process diagram of aerobic pyrolysis of the laminate after removing the surface glass. In this embodiment, aerobic pyrolysis of the laminate after removing the surface glass includes the following steps S401 to step S405.

[0090] Step S401, divide the laminate after removing the surface glass into a test laminate and an actual laminate.

[0091] Among them, the test laminate refers to a part of all the laminates after removing the surface glass, which is used as the test laminate to confirm the appropriate actual pyrolysis parameters. The actual laminate refers to the other parts of all the laminates after removing the surface glass except for the test laminate, which is fully pyrolyzed under the confirmed appropriate pyrolysis parameters to ensure the pyrolysis efficiency.

[0092] Step S402: Obtain the reference pyrolysis parameters of the test laminate after removing the surface glass.

[0093] Among them, the reference pyrolysis parameters are initially evaluated and obtained within a preset range according to the size and material of the test laminate after removing the surface glass.

[0094] Step S403: Pretreat the test laminate after removing the surface glass according to the reference pyrolysis parameters.

[0095] Step S404: Obtain the actual pyrolysis parameters according to the pretreatment result.

[0096] Specifically, the reference pyrolysis parameters can be adjusted or not adjusted according to the pretreatment result to obtain the actual pyrolysis parameters. Exemplarily, if the pretreatment result meets the pyrolysis conditions, the reference pyrolysis parameters are used as the actual pyrolysis parameters for aerobic pyrolysis of the remaining actual laminates. If the pretreatment result does not meet the pyrolysis conditions, the reference pyrolysis parameters are adjusted to obtain the actual pyrolysis parameters.

[0097] Step S405: Perform aerobic pyrolysis on the actual laminate after removing the surface glass according to the actual pyrolysis parameters.

[0098] In this embodiment, the laminates to be pyrolyzed are first divided into test laminates and actual laminates. The reference pyrolysis parameters are initially evaluated according to the size and material of this batch of laminates to be pyrolyzed. In actual evaluation, algorithm analysis and the experience of technicians can also be combined to obtain more accurate and reasonable reference pyrolysis parameters. The test laminates are pretreated and pyrolyzed under the reference pyrolysis parameters, the actual pyrolysis parameters are obtained according to the pretreatment result, and the remaining actual laminates are pretreated and pyrolyzed under the actual pyrolysis parameters, so that more appropriate pyrolysis parameters can be obtained to ensure efficient pyrolysis of the laminates.

[0099] In one embodiment, the reference pyrolysis parameters are within a preset range; obtaining the actual pyrolysis parameters according to the pretreatment result includes: when the pretreatment result is that the adhesive film for fixing the battery cells and solder tapes in the test laminate is not completely decomposed, adjusting the reference pyrolysis parameters within the preset range to obtain the actual pyrolysis parameters; when the pretreatment result is that the adhesive film for fixing the battery cells and solder tapes in the test laminate after removing the surface glass is completely decomposed, using the reference pyrolysis parameters as the actual pyrolysis parameters.

[0100] Among them, the preset range can be determined according to long-chain breakage in the adhesive film, decomposition of organic groups, reaction time, etc. The reference pyrolysis parameters and actual pyrolysis parameters in this embodiment are both determined within the preset range, which can accelerate the determination of pyrolysis parameters and achieve efficient and complete pyrolysis at the same time.

[0101] The pretreatment results include that the adhesive film for fixing the battery cells and solder tapes in the test laminate is not completely decomposed and that the adhesive film for fixing the battery cells and solder tapes in the test laminate is completely decomposed. Incomplete pyrolysis means that the adhesive film for fixing the battery cells and solder tapes can still bond the battery cells and solder tapes, and at this time, the battery cells and solder tapes cannot be completely detached from the laminate. Complete pyrolysis means that the adhesive film for fixing the battery cells and solder tapes has lost its bonding effect, and at this time, the battery cells and solder tapes can be completely detached from the laminate.

[0102] Exemplarily, when the pretreatment result is that the adhesive film for fixing the battery cells and solder tapes in the test laminate is not completely decomposed, the reference pyrolysis parameters are increased within the preset range to obtain the actual pyrolysis parameters, so as to ensure that the pyrolysis conditions of the actual pyrolysis parameters are better and the pyrolysis effect can be improved.

[0103] In one embodiment, both the actual pyrolysis parameters and the reference pyrolysis parameters include heating rate, air flow rate, pyrolysis time, and pyrolysis ambient temperature; the preset range includes the range of heating rate, the range of air flow rate, the range of pyrolysis time, and the range of pyrolysis ambient temperature; among them, the range of heating rate includes 5°C / min to 15°C / min; the range of air flow rate includes 10 m³ / min to 80 m³ / min; the range of pyrolysis time includes 20 min to 60 min; the range of pyrolysis ambient temperature includes 210°C to 600°C.

[0104] In this embodiment, the range of pyrolysis ambient temperature includes 210°C to 600°C, which can ensure that various types of adhesive films can be completely pyrolyzed, such as EVA, POE (Power Over Ethernet, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), etc., not limited thereto. In addition, the range of pyrolysis ambient temperature includes 210°C to 600°C, which can ensure that vinyl acetate groups are completely decomposed and long chains can break to form hydrocarbons, and backsheets such as PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride), PVF (Polyvinyl Fluoride) can be completely thermally decomposed. Exemplarily, the pyrolysis ambient temperature can be 210°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, etc., not limited thereto.

[0105] Exemplarily, the heating rate can be 5 °C / min, 6 °C / min, 7 °C / min, 8 °C / min, 9 °C / min, 10 °C / min, 11 °C / min, 12 °C / min, 13 °C / min, 14 °C / min, 15 °C / min, etc., and is not limited thereto.

[0106] Exemplarily, the air flow rate can be 10 m³ / min, 15 m³ / min, 20 m³ / min, 25 m³ / min, 30 m³ / min, 35 m³ / min, 40 m³ / min, 45 m³ / min, 50 m³ / min, 55 m³ / min, 60 m³ / min, 65 m³ / min, 70 m³ / min, 75 m³ / min, 80 m³ / min, etc., and is not limited thereto.

[0107] Exemplarily, the pyrolysis time can be 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min, 55 min, 60 min, etc., and is not limited thereto.

[0108] In one embodiment, for the aerobic pyrolysis of the laminate after removing the surface glass, it further includes that when the pretreatment result shows that the adhesive film for fixing the solar cell and the solder ribbon in the tested laminate after removing the surface glass is not completely decomposed, the tested laminate is pyrolyzed secondarily according to the actual pyrolysis parameters.

[0109] In this embodiment, when the adhesive film for fixing the solar cell and the solder ribbon in the tested laminate after removing the surface glass is not completely decomposed, the tested laminate is pyrolyzed secondarily according to the actual pyrolysis parameters, which can ensure that all laminates are completely pyrolyzed, further ensure the pyrolysis effect, recover all solar cells and solder ribbons, and improve the recovery quality.

[0110] In one embodiment, the method of sorting the pyrolysis products after aerobic pyrolysis includes air separation.

[0111] Specifically, by controlling the air flow rate, solar cells and solder ribbons with different masses and densities are sorted out, so as to obtain pure solar cells and solder ribbons respectively.

[0112] In this embodiment, sorting the pyrolysis products by air separation can improve the sorting efficiency and obtain high-quality solar cells and solder ribbons.

[0113] In one embodiment, referring to the attached Figure 5 , the attached Figure 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis. In this embodiment, purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis includes the following steps S501 to step S502.

[0114] Step S501: Condense and liquefy the gas generated by pyrolysis.

[0115] Step S502: Adsorb the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction treatment.

[0116] In this embodiment, first, the gas generated by pyrolysis is condensed and liquefied. Specifically, components such as acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and short-chain olefins are liquefied and separated, reducing the treatment difficulty of the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction treatment. During the condensation and liquefaction process, the remaining gas is also cooled, which can avoid adverse effects of high-temperature gas on the adsorbent and ensure the efficiency and quality of subsequent adsorption of the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction treatment.

[0117] In one embodiment, refer to the appendix Figure 6 , appendix Figure 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of adsorbing the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction treatment. In this embodiment, the adsorption of the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction treatment includes the following steps S601 to S602.

[0118] Step S601: Perform a first adsorption treatment on the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction to purify the organic gas in the remaining gas.

[0119] Exemplarily, the organic gas in the remaining gas may refer to unliquefied short-chain alkane and alkene gases.

[0120] Step S602: Perform a second adsorption treatment on the gas remaining after the first adsorption treatment to purify the remaining fluorine-containing gas.

[0121] Exemplarily, the fluorine-containing gas remaining after the first adsorption treatment may refer to hydrogen fluoride gas.

[0122] In this embodiment, by sequentially performing the first adsorption treatment and the second adsorption treatment on the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction, the harmful gases generated by pyrolysis can be comprehensively purified, avoiding environmental pollution.

[0123] In one embodiment, a method for recycling photovoltaic modules is further provided, including Step 1: removing the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain a laminate, and recycling the aluminum frame and junction box; Step 2: soaking the laminate in butyl acetate at 90 °C for 1.5 h to swell the encapsulation film so that the surface glass falls off, and recycling the surface glass; Step 3: after washing away the residual butyl acetate reagent, subjecting the laminate from which the surface glass has been removed to aerobic pyrolysis, and the aerobic pyrolysis parameters are: heating rate 10 °C / min, air flow rate 50 m³ / min, pyrolysis temperature 500 °C, and pyrolysis time 30 min; Step 4: the pyrolysis products enter a sorting device to sort the cell and the solder strip; Step 5: the gas generated by pyrolysis is first subjected to condensation and liquefaction treatment to liquefy and separate components such as acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and short-chain olefins, and at the same time cool the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction treatment to facilitate subsequent treatment; Step 6: performing a first adsorption treatment on the remaining gas to remove the unliquefied short-chain hydrocarbon alkanes and olefins by fibrous activated carbon; Step 7: the remaining gas after the first adsorption treatment enters a defluorination device for adsorption and defluorination, and the fluorine-containing components in the gas, mainly hydrogen fluoride, are removed by calcium oxide.

[0124] To more clearly illustrate the technical effects of the method for recycling photovoltaic modules in this embodiment, the inventor also provides a comparative example. The method for recycling photovoltaic modules in the comparative example includes Step 1: removing the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain a laminate, and recycling the aluminum frame and junction box; Step 2: soaking the laminate in toluene at 90 °C for 1.5 h, it is difficult to swell the encapsulation film, and it is impossible to remove and recycle the surface glass; Step 3: after washing away the residual toluene reagent, entering a pyrolysis device for aerobic pyrolysis, and the aerobic pyrolysis parameters are: heating rate 10 °C / min, air flow rate 50 m³ / min, pyrolysis temperature 400 °C, and pyrolysis time 15 min, the film cannot be completely decomposed and covers the surface of the cell in a black colloidal state; Step 4: the pyrolysis products enter a sorting device, and it is difficult to sort the cell and the solder strip; Step 5: the gas generated by pyrolysis is first subjected to condensation and liquefaction treatment to liquefy and separate components such as acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and short-chain olefins, and at the same time cool the remaining gas after the condensation and liquefaction treatment to facilitate subsequent treatment; Step 6: performing a first adsorption treatment on the remaining gas to remove the unliquefied short-chain hydrocarbon alkanes and olefins by fibrous activated carbon; Step 7: the remaining gas after the first adsorption treatment enters a defluorination device for adsorption and defluorination, and the fluorine-containing components in the gas, mainly hydrogen fluoride, are removed by calcium oxide.

[0125] It can be seen that, firstly, if the chemical reagent used is inappropriate, the surface glass cannot be completely detached, making it difficult to recycle the surface glass. Therefore, it is necessary to use preset chemical reagents, such as low-toxic and environmentally friendly reagents like dibasic acid esters (DBE), limonene, ethylene glycol diacetate, N,N-dimethylallylurea, dimethyl carbonate, n-butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, etc. for treatment. Secondly, if the surface glass is not removed, the pyrolysis time will need to be extended and the pyrolysis temperature will need to be increased, making it difficult to ensure the recycling efficiency. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is necessary to select a suitable chemical reagent to soak the laminate to completely recycle the surface glass, and the suitable chemical reagent can promote the pyrolysis treatment of the laminate, improve the pyrolysis efficiency and the recycling quality of the battery chips and solder tapes.

[0126] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-described embodiments are shown in sequence according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless there is a clear indication in this article, the execution of these steps has no strict order limit, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-described embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed alternately or in turn with at least a part of the steps or stages in other steps or other steps.

[0127] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present application also provide a photovoltaic module recycling device for implementing the above-mentioned photovoltaic module recycling method. The solution provided by the photovoltaic module recycling device to solve the problem is similar to the solution described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations in one or more of the following embodiments of the photovoltaic module recycling device can refer to the limitations on the photovoltaic module recycling method in the above text, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] In one embodiment, refer to the appendix Figure 7 , appendix Figure 7The structural schematic block diagram of the photovoltaic module recycling device 700 in this embodiment is shown. The structure of the photovoltaic module recycling device 700 in this embodiment includes a dismantling device 710, a dissolving device 720, a pyrolysis device 730, a sorting device 740, and a purification device 750. The dismantling device 710 is used to dismantle the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain the laminate of the photovoltaic module to be recycled; the dissolving device 720 is equipped with a preset chemical reagent and is used to soak the laminate to recycle the surface glass in the laminate; the pyrolysis device 730 is used to pyrolyze the laminate after removing the surface glass; the sorting device 740 is used to sort the pyrolysis products to recycle the battery chips and solder tapes; the purification device 750 is connected to the air outlet of the pyrolysis device and is used to purify the gas generated by pyrolysis.

[0129] In one embodiment, referring to the appendix Figure 8 , appendix Figure 8 The structural schematic block diagram of the purification device 750 in this embodiment is shown. The purification device 750 in this embodiment includes a condensation liquefaction tank 751, a first adsorption tank 752, and a second adsorption tank 753. The air inlet of the first adsorption tank 752 is connected to the air outlet of the condensation liquefaction tank 751 and is used to perform a first adsorption treatment on the remaining gas after condensation liquefaction to purify the organic gas in the remaining gas; the air inlet of the second adsorption tank 753 is connected to the air outlet of the first adsorption tank 752 and is used to perform a second adsorption treatment on the gas remaining after the first adsorption treatment to purify the remaining fluorine-containing gas.

[0130] Exemplarily, the condensation liquefaction tank 751 can be a device such as a condensation tower that can achieve condensation treatment. The first adsorption tank 752 is a device equipped with an adsorbent that can adsorb organic gas. The second adsorption tank 753 is a device equipped with an adsorbent that can adsorb fluorine-containing gas.

[0131] In one embodiment, the adsorbent in the first adsorption tank includes at least one of activated carbon and fibrous activated carbon.

[0132] In one embodiment, the absorbent in the second adsorption tank includes at least one of calcium oxide, activated alumina, and sodium fluoride.

[0133] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered to be within the scope described in this specification.

[0134] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present application. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for recycling a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Including: Removing the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain the laminate of the photovoltaic module to be recycled; Soaking the laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recover the surface glass in the laminate; Performing pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass to recover the cell and the solder strip; Purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis.

2. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 1, wherein Soaking the laminate in a preset chemical reagent to recover the surface glass in the laminate, including: Soaking the laminate in the preset chemical reagent to swell or dissolve the encapsulation film in the laminate; Recovering the surface glass that has fallen off in the laminate; Cleaning and removing the laminate after removing the encapsulation film and the surface glass.

3. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preset chemical reagent includes at least one of diester, limonene, ethylene glycol diacetate, N,N-dimethylacrylamide urea, dimethyl carbonate, n-butyl acetate, and isopropyl acetate.

4. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 1, wherein Performing pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass to recover the cell and the solder strip, including: Performing aerobic pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass; Sorting the pyrolysis products after aerobic pyrolysis to separately recover the cell and the solder strip.

5. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 4, wherein Performing aerobic pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass, including: Dividing the laminate after removing the surface glass into a test laminate and an actual laminate; Obtaining the reference pyrolysis parameters of the test laminate after removing the surface glass; Performing pretreatment on the test laminate after removing the surface glass according to the reference pyrolysis parameters; Obtaining the actual pyrolysis parameters according to the pretreatment result; Performing aerobic pyrolysis on the actual laminate after removing the surface glass according to the actual pyrolysis parameters.

6. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reference pyrolysis parameters are within a preset range; Obtaining the actual pyrolysis parameters according to the pretreatment result, including: When the pretreatment result is that the adhesive film for fixing the cell and the solder strip in the test laminate is not completely decomposed, adjusting the reference pyrolysis parameters within the preset range to obtain the actual pyrolysis parameters; When the pretreatment result is that the adhesive film for fixing the cell and the solder strip in the test laminate after removing the surface glass is completely decomposed, using the reference pyrolysis parameters as the actual pyrolysis parameters.

7. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the actual pyrolysis parameters and the reference pyrolysis parameters include heating rate, air flow rate, pyrolysis time, and pyrolysis ambient temperature; the preset range includes the range of heating rate, the range of air flow rate, the range of pyrolysis time, and the range of pyrolysis ambient temperature; Wherein, the range of the heating rate includes 5°C / min to 15°C / min; the range of the air flow rate includes 10 m³ / min to 80 m³ / min; the range of the pyrolysis time includes 20 min to 60 min; the range of the pyrolysis ambient temperature includes 210°C to 600°C.

8. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 5, wherein Performing aerobic pyrolysis on the laminate after removing the surface glass, further including: When the pretreatment result shows that the adhesive film used to fix the solar cell and the solder ribbon in the test laminate after removing the surface glass is not completely decomposed, the test laminate is pyrolyzed secondarily according to the actual pyrolysis parameters.

9. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 4, wherein The method of sorting the pyrolysis products after aerobic pyrolysis includes air separation.

10. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purification treatment of the gas generated by pyrolysis includes: condensing and liquefying the gas generated by pyrolysis; adsorbing the remaining gas after the condensing and liquefying treatment.

11. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The adsorption of the remaining gas after the condensing and liquefying treatment includes: performing a first adsorption treatment on the remaining gas after condensing and liquefying to purify the organic gas in the remaining gas; performing a second adsorption treatment on the gas remaining after the first adsorption treatment to purify the remaining fluorine-containing gas.

12. A photovoltaic module recycling device, characterized in that, For implementing the photovoltaic module recycling method according to any one of claims 1 to 11; the photovoltaic module recycling equipment includes: a dismantling device for dismantling the frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to be recycled to obtain the laminate of the photovoltaic module to be recycled; a dissolving device equipped with a preset chemical reagent for soaking the laminate to recycle the surface glass in the laminate; a pyrolysis device for pyrolyzing the laminate after removing the surface glass; a sorting device for sorting the pyrolysis products to recycle the solar cell and the solder ribbon; a purification device communicated with the air outlet hole of the pyrolysis device for purifying the gas generated by pyrolysis.

13. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 12, wherein, The purification device includes: a condensing and liquefying tank, the air inlet hole of which is communicated with the air outlet hole of the pyrolysis device, for condensing and liquefying the gas generated by pyrolysis; a first adsorption tank, the air inlet hole of which is communicated with the air outlet hole of the condensing and liquefying tank, for performing a first adsorption treatment on the remaining gas after condensing and liquefying to purify the organic gas in the remaining gas; a second adsorption tank, the air inlet hole of which is communicated with the air outlet hole of the first adsorption tank, for performing a second adsorption treatment on the gas remaining after the first adsorption treatment to purify the remaining fluorine-containing gas.

14. The photovoltaic module recycling device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The adsorbent in the first adsorption tank includes at least one of activated carbon and fibrous activated carbon.

15. The photovoltaic module recycling device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The absorbent in the second adsorption tank includes at least one of calcium oxide, activated alumina and sodium fluoride.

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