Water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with optical fiber laser and high-pressure water jet

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical fiber laser and high-pressure water jet direct coupling water-guided laser processing device which comprises a mounting seat and an optical fiber, the mounting seat is provided with a mounting cavity, a water inlet cavity and a jet cavity, and the optical fiber is arranged in the mounting cavity. The water inlet cavity is formed between the spraying cavity and the mounting cavity and communicates with the spraying cavity and the mounting cavity, high-pressure water is suitable for being introduced into the water inlet cavity, so that the high-pressure water flows into the spraying cavity through the water inlet cavity and sprays high-pressure water jet through the spraying cavity, the optical fiber penetrates through the mounting cavity, and the upper end of the optical fiber extends out of the mounting cavity and is suitable for being introduced with laser; the lower end of the optical fiber penetrates into the water inlet cavity, the lower end of the optical fiber and the spraying cavity are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, and the optical fiber moves in the vertical direction relative to the spraying cavity. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with the optical fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet has the advantages of being small in energy loss, low in maintenance cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of special processing, and in particular to a water-guided laser processing method and device directly coupled with an optical fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet. Background Art

[0002] Water-guided laser processing is a processing method based on the principle of total reflection of light. It uses extremely fine high-pressure water jets to guide laser energy to the surface of the workpiece for material removal.

[0003] In the related technology, the transmission and coupling process of the laser beam is very complicated. In the transmission link, no matter whether a spatial light laser or a fiber laser is used, the laser beam needs to be converted into a collimated beam first during the transmission process, and then transmitted through a complex optical path system. In this system, several optical devices, such as reflectors, beam expanders, etc., usually need to be installed to ensure the reliability and safety of the laser beam transmission; in the coupling link, the collimated laser beam needs to be focused by a focusing mirror and then pass through the gem window, and rely on the servo control system to accurately adjust the laser focus point to match the spatial position of the high-pressure micro-water jet, so as to achieve effective coupling of the laser beam and the high-pressure water jet, resulting in complex structure of laser processing equipment, high energy loss, high maintenance cost and complex operation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a water-guided laser processing device that directly couples an optical fiber laser with a high-pressure water jet and has a simple structure, low energy loss, and low maintenance cost.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with an optical fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet comprises: a mounting seat, wherein the mounting seat has a mounting cavity, a water inlet cavity and a jet cavity, wherein the water inlet cavity is arranged between the jet cavity and the mounting cavity and is in communication with the jet cavity and the mounting cavity, wherein the water inlet cavity is suitable for introducing high-pressure water so that the high-pressure water flows into the jet cavity through the water inlet cavity and ejects a high-pressure water jet through the jet cavity; an optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber is inserted into the mounting cavity and the upper end of the optical fiber extends out of the mounting cavity and is suitable for introducing laser light, wherein the lower end of the optical fiber is inserted into the water inlet cavity and the lower end of the optical fiber is spaced apart from the jet cavity in the up-down direction, wherein the optical fiber moves relative to the jet cavity in the up-down direction so as to adjust the relative position of the optical fiber and the jet cavity so as to couple the laser light with the high-pressure water jet ejected from the jet cavity.

[0007] The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided with an optical fiber and a mounting seat. The optical fiber can be used for transmission, which can replace the optical path system and coupling system in the water-guided laser processing device in the related art. By moving the optical fiber up and down, the laser is coupled with the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity, significantly simplifying the structure of the water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet, and reducing the operation complexity and maintenance cost.

[0008] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet is characterized in that it further includes a mounting member. The mounting member is disposed in the mounting cavity and is movable relative to the mounting cavity in the up-and-down direction. The mounting member is provided with a mounting hole penetrating through the mounting member in the up-and-down direction, and the optical fiber is disposed in the mounting hole so that the mounting member drives the optical fiber to move.

[0009] In some embodiments, the mounting hole includes a first section and a second section that communicate with each other in the up-and-down direction. In the projection plane orthogonal to the up-and-down direction, the projection of the second section is located within the first section. The optical fiber includes a third section and a fourth section connected to each other. The third section includes a protective layer, a cladding, and a core. The protective layer is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the cladding, and the cladding is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core. The fourth section is disposed at the lower end of the third section and is connected to the third section. The fourth section includes a cladding and a core. The cladding is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core. The third section is disposed in the first section, and the fourth section is disposed in the second section.

[0010] In some embodiments, the mounting seat further includes a water injection channel. One end of the water injection channel is adapted to introduce high-pressure water, and the other end of the water injection channel communicates with the water inlet cavity so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet cavity through the water injection channel.

[0011] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet further includes: a fiber laser for generating laser, and the fiber laser is connected to the upper end of the optical fiber so that the laser generated by the fiber laser is introduced into the optical fiber; a laser power meter measurement device, which is disposed below the mounting seat and is disposed opposite to the injection cavity in the up-and-down direction so that the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity impinges on the laser power meter measurement device, and the laser power meter measurement device is used to detect the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet.

[0012] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device in which the fiber laser is directly coupled with the high-pressure water jet further includes a quartz glass sheet, and the quartz glass sheet is disposed between the laser power meter measurement and the mounting seat, so that the laser power meter measures the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet through the quartz glass sheet.

[0013] In some embodiments, the processing device has an adjustment state and a processing state. In the adjustment state, the laser power meter measurement is located below the injection cavity, so that the laser power meter measurement detects the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet, and drives the optical fiber to move up and down until the power of the laser detected by the laser power meter measurement is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser. In the processing state, the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser, and the injection cavity is adapted to be disposed above the workpiece for processing the workpiece.

[0014] In some embodiments, the lower end surface of the optical fiber is flat to ensure uniform energy distribution of the laser beam emitted from the optical fiber.

[0015] In some embodiments, the diameter of the bare fiber of the optical fiber is , the distance between the lower end surface of the optical fiber and the upper end surface of the injection cavity is d, the injection cavity includes a first cavity and a second cavity that communicate with each other in the up and down directions, the inner peripheral surface of the first cavity is in the shape of a cylinder with a constant cross-sectional area in the up and down directions, the height of the first cavity is h and the diameter of the first cavity is , the cross-sectional area of the inner peripheral surface of the second cavity gradually increases from top to bottom, the diameter of the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity is , the refractive index of the laser beam in the optical fiber in air is , the refractive index of the laser beam in the optical fiber in water is , the numerical aperture of the optical fiber is NA, and d satisfies the formula: .

[0016] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device in which the fiber laser is directly coupled with the high-pressure water jet further includes a booster pump, and the booster pump is communicated with the water inlet cavity so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet cavity through the booster pump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is the front view of the water-guided laser processing device in which the fiber laser is directly coupled with the high-pressure water jet according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2It is a schematic structural diagram of a water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a partial enlarged view in

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the direct coupling principle of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet of the water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] 100. Water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet; 1. Mounting base; 11. Mounting cavity; 12. Water inlet cavity; 13. Jet cavity; 131. First cavity; 132. Second cavity; 2. Optical fiber; 21. Third section; 22. Fourth section; 3. Mounting member; 31. Sleeve; 32. First mounting member; 33. Sealing rubber plug; 34. Second mounting member; 35. Mounting cylinder. Specific embodiments

[0022] The following details the embodiments of the present invention, and the examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] The following describes a water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0024] As Figures 1 - 4 shown, the water-guided laser processing device 100 with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a mounting base 1 and an optical fiber 2.

[0025] The mounting base 1 has a mounting cavity 11, a water inlet cavity 12 and a jet cavity 13. The water inlet cavity 12 is provided between the jet cavity 13 and the mounting cavity 11 and is in communication with the jet cavity 13 and the mounting cavity 11. High-pressure water is suitable for being introduced into the water inlet cavity 12 so that the high-pressure water flows into the jet cavity 13 through the water inlet cavity 12 and the high-pressure water jet is ejected through the jet cavity 13. Specifically, as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the mounting base 1 can be installed on a machine tool and is located above the workpiece. The mounting base 1 is provided with a chamber that penetrates the mounting base 1 in the vertical direction. The chamber can be divided into a mounting cavity 11, a water inlet cavity 12, and a jet cavity 13 in the vertical direction. The mounting cavity 11 is arranged above the water inlet cavity 12 and communicates with the water inlet cavity 12. The water inlet cavity 12 is arranged above the jet cavity 13 and communicates with the jet cavity 13. High-pressure water can be introduced into the water inlet cavity 12, so that the high-pressure water flows into the jet cavity 13 through the water inlet cavity 12 and is jetted onto the workpiece through the jet cavity 13.

[0026] The optical fiber 2 is arranged in the mounting cavity 11, and the upper end of the optical fiber 2 extends out of the mounting cavity 11 and is adapted to introduce laser. The lower end of the optical fiber 2 is arranged in the water inlet cavity 12, and the lower end of the optical fiber 2 is spaced from the jet cavity 13 in the vertical direction. The optical fiber 2 moves in the vertical direction relative to the jet cavity 13 to adjust the relative position between the optical fiber 2 and the jet cavity 13 so that the laser and the high-pressure water jet ejected from the jet cavity 13 are coupled. Specifically, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the optical fiber 2 is arranged in the mounting cavity 11. The upper end of the optical fiber 2 can penetrate out of the mounting cavity 11 and introduce laser. The lower end of the optical fiber 2 is arranged in the water inlet cavity 12 and is located above the jet cavity 13, so that the laser in the optical fiber 2 irradiates into the jet cavity 13 through the water inlet cavity 12. By adjusting the position of the optical fiber 2 up and down, the laser beam and the high-pressure water jet ejected from the jet cavity 13 are coupled. In other words, the sign of successful coupling between the laser beam and the high-pressure water jet is that the laser beam undergoes total internal reflection at the water-air interface inside the high-pressure water jet. The laser beam reaches the workpiece surface along the high-pressure water jet through multiple total internal reflections. The material within the impact area of the high-pressure water jet on the workpiece absorbs the laser energy and vaporizes or melts, and the vaporized or melted products are carried away by the water film, thereby realizing the processing of the material.

[0027] For the water-guided laser processing device 100 with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to the embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber 2 and the mounting base 1 are provided. Since the energy loss of the laser during propagation in the optical fiber 2 is small, after the laser beam exits from the end face of the optical fiber 2, its energy density is approximately Gaussian distributed in the cross-sectional direction, and its spatial distribution range is approximately a uniform cone. Therefore, the optical fiber 2 can be used to transmit and replace the optical path system and the coupling system in the water-guided laser processing device in the related art. In addition, by moving the optical fiber 2, the laser and the high-pressure water jet ejected from the jet cavity 13 are coupled, significantly simplifying the structure of the water-guided laser processing device 100 with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet, reducing the operation complexity and maintenance cost, and simultaneously improving the processing efficiency and stability.

[0028] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device 100 with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet further includes a mounting member 3. The mounting member 3 is inserted into the mounting cavity 11 and is movable relative to the mounting cavity 11 in the up-and-down direction. The mounting member 3 is provided with a mounting hole penetrating through the mounting member 3 in the up-and-down direction, and the optical fiber 2 is inserted into the mounting hole so that the mounting member 3 drives the optical fiber 2 to move. Specifically, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the mounting member 3 is inserted into the mounting cavity 11 and is movable in the up-and-down direction along the mounting member 3. The mounting member 3 is provided with a mounting hole penetrating through the mounting member 3 in the up-and-down direction. The optical fiber 2 is fixed in the mounting seat 1, and the mounting seat 1 can drive the optical fiber 2 to move in the up-and-down direction. Thus, the mounting member 3 provides a mounting basis for the optical fiber 2.

[0029] In some embodiments, the mounting member 3 includes a sleeve 31, a first mounting member 32, a sealing rubber plug 33, and a second mounting member 34.

[0030] The sleeve 31 is disposed in the mounting cavity 11 and is movable in the up-and-down direction in the mounting cavity 11. The first mounting member 32 is inserted into the upper end portion of the sleeve 31 and is in threaded cooperation with the upper end portion of the sleeve 31. The second mounting member 34 is disposed in the lower end portion of the sleeve 31 and is in threaded cooperation with the lower end portion of the sleeve 31. The sealing rubber plug 33 is disposed in the sleeve 31 and is located between the first mounting member 32 and the second mounting member 34. The first mounting member 32 is provided with a first hole penetrating through the first mounting member 32. The second mounting member 34 is provided with a second hole penetrating through the second mounting member 34. The sealing rubber plug 33 is provided with a third hole penetrating through the sealing rubber plug 33. The first hole, the second hole, and the third hole are sequentially communicated and form a mounting hole. The optical fiber 2 is inserted into the first mounting member 32, the sealing rubber plug 33, and the second mounting member 34 through the first hole, the second hole, and the third hole, so that the optical fiber 2 is mounted in the sleeve 31.

[0031] In some embodiments, the mounting member 3 includes a mounting cylinder 35. The mounting cylinder 35 is sleeved on the upper end portion of the mounting seat 1 and is in threaded cooperation with the outer peripheral surface of the upper end portion of the mounting seat 1. The upper end portion of the sleeve 31 is provided with a convex platform and is located outside the mounting cavity 11 and is connected to the mounting cylinder 35 by screws. Thus, by rotating the mounting cylinder 35, the sleeve 31 is driven to move up and down in the mounting cavity 11.

[0032] In some embodiments, the mounting hole includes a first section and a second section that communicate with each other in the up-and-down direction. In the projection plane orthogonal to the up-and-down direction, the projection of the second section is located within the first section. The optical fiber 2 includes a third section 21 and a fourth section 22 that are connected to each other. The third section 21 includes a protective layer, a cladding, and a core. The protective layer is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the cladding, and the cladding is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core. The fourth section 22 is disposed at the lower end of the third section 21 and is connected to the third section 21. The fourth section 22 includes a cladding and a core. The cladding is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core. The third section is disposed in the first section, and the fourth section is disposed in the second section.

[0033] Specifically, as Figure 1 — Figure 3 shown, the first section is cylindrical with a constant cross-section in the up-and-down direction, the second section is cylindrical with a non-changing cross-sectional area extending in the up-and-down direction and the diameter of the first section is greater than that of the second section, the third section 21 includes a protective layer, a cladding and a core, the protective layer and the cladding provide mechanical protection and environmental isolation, the fourth section 22 is a bare fiber section and only the cladding and the core are retained. Thus, the third section 21 is inserted into the first section and the first section accommodates the fiber 2 with a protective layer through a larger aperture, and the protective layer is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the hole of the first section. The fourth section 22 is inserted into the second section with a smaller aperture. When the lower end face of the third section 21 contacts the upper end face of the second section, the second section serves as a positioning reference surface, and the insertion depth of the fiber 2 can be accurately controlled to avoid its longitudinal displacement due to vibration or external force.

[0034] In some embodiments, the mounting base 1 further includes a water injection channel (not shown in the figure). One end of the water injection channel is adapted to introduce high-pressure water, and the other end of the water injection channel communicates with the water inlet cavity 12 so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet cavity 12 through the water injection channel. Specifically, the water injection channel extends in the left-right direction. The inlet of the water injection channel penetrates out of the mounting base 1 and can introduce high-pressure water, and the outlet of the water injection channel communicates with the water inlet cavity 12, so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet cavity 12 through the water injection channel.

[0035] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device 100 with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet further includes a fiber laser and a laser power meter measurement.

[0036] The fiber laser is used to generate laser and the fiber laser is connected to the upper end of the fiber 2 so that the laser generated by the fiber laser can be introduced into the fiber 2. Specifically, the fiber laser serves as a light source and its output end is precisely butted with the upper end portion of the fiber 2. The laser generated by the laser passes through the fiber 2 for transmission, and the protective layer ensures the stability of the optical path during mechanical fixation.

[0037] The laser power meter measurement is arranged below the mounting base 1 and is disposed opposite to the injection cavity 13 in the up-and-down direction so that the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity 13 impinges on the laser power meter measurement. The laser power meter measurement is used to detect the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet. Specifically, the laser power meter measurement is vertically installed directly below the injection cavity 13, and its photosensitive surface is strictly coaxial with the axis of the water jet. The water flow carries the laser beam to impact the target surface of the power meter, and the real-time power monitoring is realized by detecting the energy distribution of the light spot. The feedback data is used for closed-loop control of the output of the laser.

[0038] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device 100 with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet further includes a quartz glass sheet, which is arranged between the laser power meter measurement and installation base 1, so that the laser power meter can measure the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet detected through the quartz glass sheet. Thus, a high-pressure water sealing interface is formed by vertically sealing the quartz glass sheet between the injection cavity 13 and the laser power meter measurement, preventing the high-pressure water from contaminating the optical surface of the laser power meter measurement. Moreover, through precise polishing and surface shape control of the quartz glass sheet, the quality of laser beam transmission is maintained, additional aberrations are avoided, and the detection accuracy of the laser power meter measurement is ensured.

[0039] In some embodiments, the processing device has an adjustment state and a processing state. In the adjustment state, the laser power meter measurement is located below the injection cavity 13, so that the laser power meter can measure the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet detected. The optical fiber 2 is moved up and down until the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet detected by the laser power meter measurement is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser. In the processing state, the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser, and the injection cavity 13 is adapted to be arranged above the workpiece for processing the workpiece. Specifically, if the distance between the lower end face of the optical fiber 2 and the bottom surface of the water inlet cavity 12 is too large, the laser beam will enter the water cavity, causing the laser energy to ablate the inner wall of the water guide head and damaging the installation base 1, making direct coupling impossible. Since the flow rate of the high-pressure water near the injection cavity 13 is relatively fast, if the distance between the lower end face of the optical fiber 2 and the bottom surface of the water inlet cavity 12 is too small, the optical fiber 2 will vibrate due to the relatively fast flow rate of the high-pressure water, and if the end face of the optical fiber 2 is too close, it will destroy the laminar flow inside the injection cavity 13, generating turbulence and causing the jet ejected from the injection cavity 13 to be unstable, making direct coupling impossible. Therefore, before using the processing device, it is necessary to adjust the processing device to the adjustment state. When the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet detected by the laser power meter measurement differs greatly, move the optical fiber 2 up or down until the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet detected by the laser power meter measurement is close, then it is considered that the laser and the high-pressure water jet are successfully coupled, stop adjusting the optical fiber 2, and the processing device is in the processing state to process the workpiece.

[0040] In some embodiments, the lower end face of the optical fiber 2 is flat to ensure uniform energy distribution of the laser beam emitted by the optical fiber 2. Specifically, the lower end face of the optical fiber 2 is cut by an optical fiber 2 cutting machine to ensure the flatness of the lower end face of the optical fiber 2, and the flat end face of the optical fiber 2 can ensure uniform energy distribution of the emitted laser beam.

[0041] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, is the diameter of the bare fiber of the optical fiber 2. The distance between the lower end face of the optical fiber 2 and the upper end face of the injection cavity 13 is d. The injection cavity 13 includes a first cavity 131 and a second cavity 132 that communicate with each other in the vertical direction. The inner peripheral surface of the first cavity 131 is in the shape of a cylinder with a constant cross-sectional area in the vertical direction. The height of the first cavity 131 is h and the diameter of the first cavity 131 is , the cross-sectional area of the inner peripheral surface of the second cavity 132 gradually increases from top to bottom. The diameter of the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity 13 is , the refractive index of the laser beam in the optical fiber 2 in air is , the refractive index of the laser beam in the optical fiber 2 in water is , the numerical aperture of the optical fiber 2 is NA, and d satisfies the formula: .

[0042] Specifically, considering that the diameter of the high-pressure water jet is approximately the aperture of the injection cavity 13, the first incident point of the laser of the optical fiber 2 at the water-air interface inside the high-pressure water jet should be located below the lower edge of the cylindrical part of the nozzle, that is, the distance from the end face of the optical fiber 2 to the upper edge of the nozzle should satisfy Equation 6, so as to prevent the laser energy from damaging the nozzle.

[0043]

[0044] When Equation 6 is satisfied and the high-pressure water jet remains stable, the laser of the optical fiber 2 can be directly coupled with the high-pressure water jet, and Equation 6 can be satisfied by finely adjusting the position of the end face of the optical fiber 2 through the adjustment component at the upper part of the direct-coupling water guide. Thus, the position of the end face of the optical fiber 2 can be adjusted through the adjustment component at the upper part of the direct-coupling water guide to couple the laser and the high-pressure water jet.

[0045] In some embodiments, the water guide laser processing device 100 for directly coupling the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet further includes a booster pump (not shown in the figure). The booster pump is connected to the water inlet cavity 12 so that high-pressure water flows into the water inlet cavity 12 through the booster pump. Thus, stable high-pressure water is provided to the water inlet cavity 12.

[0046] Specifically described below is a water-guided laser processing device 100 for direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes an optical fiber 2, a first mounting member 32, an adjusting nut, an adjusting nut baffle, a mounting member 3, a second mounting member 34, a sealing rubber plug 33, a mounting base 1, and several sealing rings. The assembly process of the water-guided laser processing device 100 for direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet is as follows: First, screw the first mounting member 32 into the lower part of the sleeve 31. After the optical fiber 2 with a cut end face passes through the first mounting member 32, put on the sealing rubber plug 33, and insert the optical fiber 2 together with the sealing rubber plug 33 into the sleeve 31. Then, screw the first mounting member 32 into the sleeve 31 until the sealing rubber plug 33 is squeezed to achieve sealing. Then, clip a sealing ring on the sleeve 31 and insert the whole into the mounting cavity 11 of the mounting base 1. Then, clip a sealing ring on the nozzle (the nozzle can be a part of the mounting base 1, and the inner peripheral surface of the nozzle defines the mounting cavity 11) and insert it into the mounting base 1. Finally, clip a sealing ring on the outside of the sleeve 31 to complete the assembly. The operation method for the device to realize the coupling of the laser of the optical fiber 2 and the high-pressure water jet is as follows: First, turn on the indicating light of the fiber laser. Place the detection head of the laser power meter directly below the nozzle, and place a quartz glass sheet with high transmittance above the detection head to isolate the water flow. Then, start the high-pressure water circuit. After the high-pressure water jet is stable, if the reading of the laser power meter is close to the rated power of the indicating light, it is considered that the coupling is successful. If the difference between the two is large, it is considered that the coupling fails. It is necessary to close the high-pressure water circuit. After the water pressure in the water guide head decreases, adjust the position of the end face of the optical fiber 2, and then re-measure and compare according to the above steps. Continuously repeat the previous steps until the coupling of the laser of the optical fiber 2 and the high-pressure water jet is successful. Finally, on the premise of successful coupling, let the fiber laser output energy to process the workpiece.

[0047] The actual operation steps of the present invention applied to the water-guided laser processing process can be generally divided into four main steps, among which the first, second, and third steps are the key steps of the present invention.

[0048] In the first step, cut the optical fiber 2 to ensure that the end face of the optical fiber 2 is flat and the light output is uniform.

[0049] In the second step, specifically, assemble the direct-coupling water guide head and install it on the water-guided laser processing machine.

[0050] In the third step, turn on the indicating light of the fiber laser, adjust the position of the end face of the optical fiber 2 through the adjusting nut, start the water booster pump, and measure the laser power at the bottom of the water jet with a laser power meter after the water jet is stable. If the reading is close to the rated power of the indicating light, it is regarded as successful coupling. If the difference is large, it is necessary to turn off the water booster pump, readjust the position of the end face of the optical fiber 2 and then measure and compare again. Repeat this step multiple times until the coupling is successful.

[0051] Step 4: After the fiber 2 laser is successfully coupled with the high-pressure water jet, clamp the workpiece well, put on safety protection gear, and let the fiber laser output energy to process the workpiece.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0053] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0054] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communicable with each other; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0056] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0057] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-jet guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet, characterized in that, Comprising: A mounting base, the mounting base having a mounting cavity, a water inlet cavity and a jet cavity, the water inlet cavity being provided between the jet cavity and the mounting cavity and communicating with the jet cavity and the mounting cavity, and high-pressure water being adapted to be introduced into the water inlet cavity so that the high-pressure water flows into the jet cavity through the water inlet cavity and high-pressure water jets are ejected through the jet cavity; An optical fiber, the optical fiber being disposed in the mounting cavity, the upper end of the optical fiber extending outside the mounting cavity and being adapted to introduce laser light, the lower end of the optical fiber being disposed in the water inlet cavity, and the lower end of the optical fiber being spaced apart from the jet cavity in the up-down direction, and the optical fiber moving relative to the jet cavity in the up-down direction so as to adjust the relative position of the optical fiber and the high-pressure water jets ejected from the jet cavity to couple the laser light and the high-pressure water jets.

2. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, wherein, It further includes a mounting member, the mounting member being disposed in the mounting cavity and being movable relative to the mounting cavity in the up-down direction, the mounting member having a mounting hole penetrating through the mounting member in the up-down direction, and the optical fiber being disposed in the mounting hole so that the mounting member drives the optical fiber to move.

3. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 2, wherein, The mounting hole includes a first section and a second section communicating with each other in the up-down direction, and in a projection plane orthogonal to the up-down direction, the projection of the second section is located within the first section. The optical fiber includes a third section and a fourth section connected to each other, the third section including a protective layer, a cladding layer and a core, the protective layer being disposed on the outer peripheral side of the cladding layer, the cladding layer being disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core, the fourth section being disposed at the lower end of the third section and connected to the third section, the fourth section including a cladding layer and a core, the cladding layer being disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core, the third section being disposed in the first section, and the fourth section being disposed in the second section.

4. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting base further includes a water injection channel, one end of the water injection channel being adapted to introduce high-pressure water, and the other end of the water injection channel communicating with the water inlet cavity so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet cavity through the water injection channel.

5. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes: An optical fiber laser, the optical fiber laser being used to generate laser light and the optical fiber laser being connected to the upper end of the optical fiber so that the laser light generated by the optical fiber laser is introduced into the optical fiber; A laser power meter measurement, the laser power meter measurement being disposed below the mounting base and being disposed opposite to the jet cavity in the up-down direction so that the high-pressure water jets ejected through the jet cavity are ejected onto the laser power meter measurement, and the laser power meter measurement being used to detect the power of the laser light in the high-pressure water jets.

6. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 4, characterized in that, It further includes a quartz glass sheet, the quartz glass sheet being disposed between the laser power meter measurement and the mounting base so that the laser power meter measurement detects the power of the laser light in the high-pressure water jets through the quartz glass sheet.

7. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 4, characterized in that, The processing device has an adjustment state and a processing state. In the adjustment state, the laser power meter is located below the injection chamber so that the laser power meter measures the power of the laser within the detected high-pressure water jet, and the optical fiber is driven to move up and down until the power of the laser measured by the laser power meter within the detected high-pressure water jet is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser. In the processing state, the power of the laser within the high-pressure water jet is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser, and the injection chamber is adapted to be disposed above the workpiece for processing the workpiece.

8. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end face of the optical fiber is flat to ensure uniform energy distribution of the laser beam emitted by the optical fiber.

9. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the bare fiber of the optical fiber is , the distance between the lower end surface of the optical fiber and the upper end surface of the injection chamber is d. The injection chamber includes a first chamber and a second chamber that communicate with each other in the vertical direction. The inner peripheral surface of the first chamber is in the shape of a cylinder with a constant cross-sectional area in the vertical direction. The height of the first chamber is h and the diameter of the first chamber is . The cross-sectional area of the inner peripheral surface of the second chamber gradually increases from top to bottom. The diameter of the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection chamber is . The refractive index of the laser beam in the air inside the optical fiber is . The refractive index of the laser beam in the water inside the optical fiber is . The numerical aperture of the optical fiber is NA. The d satisfies the formula: 。 10. The water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a booster pump, and the booster pump is communicated with the water inlet chamber so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet chamber through the booster pump.

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