Composite material, preparation method thereof and plate

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite material, a preparation method thereof and a plate. The composite material comprises organic foaming particles, a silane coupling agent and an inorganic composite cementing material, and the inorganic composite cementing material wraps the organic foaming particles and fills gaps among the organic foaming particles; the particle size grading of the organic foaming particles is as follows: the mass ratio of the organic foaming particles with the particle size of 2-5mm is 68-78%, and the mass ratio of the organic foaming particles with the particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm is 22-32%; the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementing material to the organic foaming particles is (75: 25)-(95: 5); the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the organic foaming particles is 0.1%-3%; the inorganic composite cementing material comprises an inorganic cementing material and a water repellent; in the inorganic composite cementing material, the mass ratio of the water repellent is 0.1%-5%. The composite material provided by the invention has good fireproof performance, thermal insulation performance, lightweight performance and high strength performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a composite material, a preparation method thereof and a board. Background Art

[0002] Thermal insulation materials are widely used in various fields. Under the social development situation of reducing energy consumption and advocating energy conservation and emission reduction, building energy conservation is an important means to save energy consumption, and the demand for thermal insulation materials in the building market is extremely large. At present, the common building thermal insulation materials on the market usually include organic EPS (expandable polystyrene), XPS (extruded polystyrene foam), PU, phenolic aldehyde, and inorganic rock wool, glass wool, inorganic porous thermal insulation materials, etc. Organic thermal insulation materials have good thermal insulation ability, are light in weight and convenient for construction, but such thermal insulation materials have a low fire protection level and pose safety hazards. Inorganic thermal insulation materials have good fire protection performance and can greatly reduce fire hazards, but such thermal insulation materials have low thermal insulation ability, and the thermal conductivity is generally more than 25% higher than that of organic thermal insulation materials, and some even exceed several times; at the same time, they have a large bulk density, resulting in great construction difficulty; and they have low compressive strength, resulting in poor stability.

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the patent publication number CN117207416A discloses a manufacturing method of a fireproof thermal insulation board, and the manufacturing method includes: S1: foaming plastic particles; S2: using a fireproof slurry to perform a first coating on the foamed plastic particles to form fireproof plastic particles; S3: after coating the foamed plastic particles with a fireproof slurry, adding an inorganic cementitious material to perform a second coating; S4: adding the uniformly stirred mixture into a mold, and then performing pressure curing and forming. By using the fireproof slurry and the inorganic cementitious material to perform the first coating and the second coating on the foamed plastic particles respectively, the fire protection performance and the thermal insulation performance of the prepared fireproof thermal insulation board are improved simultaneously.

[0004] However, since the above fireproof thermal insulation board uses the technical means of coating the foamed plastic particles with a fireproof slurry and an inorganic cementitious material to improve its fire protection performance and thermal insulation performance, although the fire protection performance and the thermal insulation performance are improved, after double coating, the bulk density of the fireproof thermal insulation board increases significantly, which is not conducive to the preparation of a lightweight fireproof thermal insulation board; furthermore, the interfacial bonding between the foamed plastic particles and the fireproof slurry is poor, resulting in low compressive strength of the fireproof thermal insulation board. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite material, a preparation method thereof and a board, so as to realize the lightweight and high-strength performance of the composite material while improving the fire protection performance and the thermal insulation performance of the composite material.

[0006] The present invention provides a composite material, which comprises organic foamed particles, a silane coupling agent, and an inorganic composite cementitious material. The inorganic composite cementitious material wraps the organic foamed particles and fills the voids between the organic foamed particles;

[0007] The particle size distribution of the organic foamed particles is as follows: the mass ratio of particles with a size of 2 - 5 mm is 68% - 78%, and the mass ratio of particles with a size of 0.5 - 1.5 mm is 22% - 32%. The mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles is (75:25) - (95:5);

[0008] The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the organic foamed particles is 0.1% - 3%;

[0009] The inorganic composite cementitious material comprises an inorganic cementitious material and a water repellent;

[0010] In the inorganic composite cementitious material, the mass ratio of the water repellent is 0.1% - 5%.

[0011] The composite material provided by the present invention, through the mutual cooperation between organic foamed particles and inorganic composite cementitious materials, and the structural optimization that the inorganic composite cementitious materials wrap on the organic foamed particles and fill the voids between the organic foamed particles. In particular, organic foamed particles with a specific particle size gradation, an inorganic composite cementitious material and organic foamed particles with a specific mass ratio are selected, and the interfacial bonding force between the organic foamed particles and the inorganic composite cementitious materials is enhanced by a silane coupling agent, endowing the composite material of the present invention with good fire resistance and heat insulation performance, while also realizing the lightweight and high-strength performance of the composite material. Specifically: through the encapsulation of the organic foamed particles by the inorganic composite cementitious materials, the combustion chain reaction is blocked, achieving A2-level fire resistance of the composite material, with no dripping and low smoke toxicity. The particle size gradation of the organic foamed particles is: the mass ratio of particles with a particle size of 2 - 5 mm is 68% - 78%, and the mass ratio of particles with a particle size of 0.5 - 1.5 mm is 22% - 32%. The mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles is (75:25) - (95:5). Through the optimization of the particle size gradation of the organic foamed particles (bimodal distribution optimization) and the optimization of the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles, the two work synergistically, enabling the organic foamed particles to have a suitable packing form. On the one hand, the suitable packing form can effectively improve the compressive strength of the composite material. On the other hand, the suitable packing form can enable the organic foamed particles to have a suitable packing density. The suitable packing density can enable the organic foamed particles to have suitable voids. Since the inorganic composite cementitious materials wrap the organic foamed particles and also fill their voids, the suitable voids can make the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious materials in the whole composite material more reasonable. There can be enough inorganic composite cementitious materials to improve the compressive strength and fire resistance of the whole composite material, and at the same time, it avoids that too much inorganic composite cementitious material leads to a large bulk density and high thermal conductivity of the whole composite material, endowing the composite material of the present invention with good fire resistance and compressive strength, while also realizing the lightweight and high heat insulation performance of the composite material. Moreover, the silane coupling agent, as a bridge between the organic foamed particles and the inorganic composite cementitious materials, binds to the inorganic composite cementitious materials through silanol groups and binds to EPS through physical entanglement or polar interaction, thereby enhancing the interfacial bonding force between the organic foamed particles and the inorganic composite cementitious materials, which is beneficial to improving the compressive strength of the composite material. In addition, the inorganic composite cementitious material includes a water repellent, and the water repellent can form a water-repellent film on the surface of the inorganic composite cementitious material, effectively preventing water from entering the interior of the composite material and reducing its heat insulation performance. Compared with the existing technology, the composite material provided by the present invention realizes the composite material with a low bulk density (<150 kg / m 3)It has comprehensive properties of Class A2 fire resistance, compressive strength > 2.0 MPa and thermal conductivity < 0.06 W / (m·K).

[0012] The particle size distribution of the organic foamed particles in the present invention is as follows: the mass proportion of particles with a size of 2 - 5 mm is 68% - 78%, and the mass proportion can be, for example, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable; the mass proportion of particles with a size of 0.5 - 1.5 mm is 22% - 32%, and the mass proportion can be, for example, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0013] The mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles in the present invention is (75:25) - (95:5), and can be, for example, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 95:5, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0014] The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the organic foamed particles in the present invention is 0.1% - 3%, and can be, for example, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 2%, 3%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0015] In the inorganic composite cementitious material of the present invention, the mass proportion of the water repellent is 0.1% - 5%, and can be, for example, 0.1%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0016] Preferably, the particle size distribution of the organic foamed particles is as follows: the mass proportion of particles with a size of 2 - 5 mm is 70% - 75%, and the mass proportion of particles with a size of 0.5 - 1.5 mm is 25% - 30%.

[0017] The particle size distribution of the organic foamed particles in this solution is as follows: the mass proportion of particles with a size of 2 - 5 mm is 70% - 75%, and the mass proportion of particles with a size of 0.5 - 1.5 mm is 25% - 30%. This particle size distribution range can enable the organic foamed particles to have a more suitable packing form and further improve the compressive strength of the composite material.

[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles is (80:20) - (92:8).

[0019] The mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles in this solution is (80:20)-(92:8). This mass ratio range can further improve the thermal insulation performance of the composite material and better achieve the lightweight of the composite material.

[0020] Preferably, the silane coupling agent includes at least one of KH550, KH560, and isooctyltriethoxysilane.

[0021] Preferably, the bulk density of the organic foamed particles is 5-30 kg / m 3 , and the bulk density can be, for example, 5 kg / m 3 , 7 kg / m 3 , 10 kg / m 3 , 12 kg / m 3 , 15 kg / m 3 , 20 kg / m 3 , 25 kg / m 3 , 30 kg / m 3 , but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0022] The bulk density of the organic foamed particles in this solution is 5-30 kg / m 3 , and when the bulk density of the organic foamed particles is within this range, the composite material can further have good compressive strength and lightweight performance.

[0023] Preferably, the closed-cell rate of the organic foamed particles is greater than 90%.

[0024] More preferably, the closed-cell rate of the organic foamed particles is greater than 95%.

[0025] More preferably, the closed-cell rate of the organic foamed particles is greater than 97%.

[0026] Preferably, the inorganic composite cementitious material includes active admixtures, and the active admixtures include at least one of fly ash and silica fume.

[0027] In the inorganic composite cementitious material described in this solution, at least one active admixture such as fly ash and silica fume is included. On the one hand, both fly ash and silica fume belong to particulate materials ranging from micrometers to nanometers. Among them, silica fume particles are extremely fine (nanoscale) with a large specific surface area, and fly ash particles are usually micrometer-sized. When they are added to the inorganic cementitious material, the internal pores of the inorganic cementitious material can be reduced through physical filling, and the porosity can be lowered. This densification effect directly enhances the mechanical interlocking ability of the contact surface between the inorganic composite cementitious material and the organic foaming material. Moreover, silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) in fly ash react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH₂)) produced by the hydration of the inorganic cementitious material to form calcium silicate hydrate gel and calcium aluminate hydrate gel. The highly active silicon dioxide (SiO₂) in silica fume can react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH₂)), the hydration product of the inorganic cementitious material, to form calcium silicate hydrate gel. The gel can not only enhance the interfacial bonding strength between the inorganic composite cementitious material and the organic foaming material but also fill the pores of the inorganic cementitious material, significantly improving the density and strength of the composite material. On the other hand, the surface of silica fume is rich in hydroxyl groups (highly active), and the Si-OH on the surface of silica fume can directly condense with the silanol groups after the hydrolysis of the silane coupling agent to form strong chemical bonds. The synergistic effect of silica fume and the silane coupling agent further enhances the interfacial bonding force of the contact surface between the inorganic composite cementitious material and the organic foaming material.

[0028] In the present invention, the term "inorganic cementitious material" does not include fly ash and silica fume. Fly ash and silica fume are used as active admixtures and are thus described as "active admixtures".

[0029] Further preferably, in the inorganic composite cementitious material, the mass ratio of the fly ash is 10% - 15%, and / or the mass ratio of the silica fume is 5% - 10%.

[0030] In this solution, in the inorganic composite cementitious material, the mass ratio of the fly ash is 10% - 15%, and / or the mass ratio of the silica fume is 5% - 10%. This can not only enhance the interfacial bonding force of the contact surface between the inorganic composite cementitious material and the organic foaming material but also improve the volume stability of the composite material.

[0031] In this solution, in the inorganic composite cementitious material, the mass ratio of the fly ash is 10% - 15%, for example, it can be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable; and / or the mass ratio of the silica fume is 5% - 10%, for example, it can be 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0032] Preferably, the water repellent includes at least one of silicone water repellent, organic hydrocarbon water repellent, and fluorocarbon water repellent.

[0033] Preferably, in the inorganic composite cementitious material, the mass ratio of the water repellent is 0.1% - 1%, for example, it can be 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0034] More preferably, the water repellent includes at least one of silicone water repellent, organic hydrocarbon water repellent, and fluorocarbon water repellent.

[0035] Preferably, the inorganic composite cementitious material includes polypropylene fibers.

[0036] In the inorganic composite cementitious material of this solution, polypropylene fibers are used as reinforcing materials, which can further improve the compressive strength of the composite material while effectively inhibiting crack propagation.

[0037] More preferably, in the inorganic composite cementitious material, the mass ratio of the polypropylene fibers is 1% - 3%, for example, it can be 1%, 2%, 3%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0038] Preferably, the inorganic cementitious material includes at least one of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, phosphate cement, magnesium oxysulfate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, gypsum, calcium oxide lime, and aluminosilicate cementitious material, and / or, the organic foamed particles include at least one of EPS particles, PU polyurethane foam particles, phenolic foam particles, and melamine foam particles.

[0039] The present invention provides a method for preparing a composite material, and the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0040] S1. Mix the organically foamed particles with a target particle size gradation modified by a silane coupling agent, the inorganic composite cementitious material, and water evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0041] S2. Press and cure the mixture to obtain the composite material.

[0042] The method for preparing the composite material provided by the present invention, by adopting a pressing process, the inorganic composite cementitious material penetrates on the organically foamed particles and forms an "anchoring effect" after curing, thereby improving the interfacial bonding force between the organically foamed particles and the inorganic composite cementitious material, so that the prepared composite material has good compressive strength, fire resistance, and heat insulation performance.

[0043] Preferably, in the step S1, the preparation method of the organically foamed particles with the target particle size gradation modified by the silane coupling agent is specifically as follows: The organically foamed particles with the target particle size gradation are impregnated in a silane coupling agent solution for modification.

[0044] Preferably, in the step S1, the inorganic composite cementitious material includes additives, and the additives include at least one of active admixtures, polypropylene fibers, and water repellents.

[0045] More preferably, the active admixture includes at least one of fly ash and silica fume.

[0046] More preferably, the active admixture includes fly ash and silica fume.

[0047] The active admixture in this solution includes fly ash and silica fume. The spherical particles of fly ash and the high specific surface area of silica fume synergistically improve the rheology of the inorganic composite cementitious material paste, making it easier to wrap the organic foaming material, increasing the contact area, and thus enhancing the interfacial bonding force.

[0048] The present invention also provides a board, and the board includes the composite material.

[0049] The present invention provides a board. Since the board includes the composite material of the present invention, the board meets the requirements for light weight, high strength, high energy efficiency, and fire safety in the fields of construction, transportation, etc. Detailed Embodiments

[0050] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] S1. Screening of organically foamed particles: EPS machine foamed particles with a bulk density of 7 kg / m 3 are screened according to the target particle size gradation, and organically foamed particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm are obtained.

[0053] S2. Surface modification: 3 parts by mass of organically foamed particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 9 parts by mass of organically foamed particles with particle sizes of 2 - 5 mm (the gradation is 25 / 75) are impregnated in an ethanol - aqueous solution of KH - 560 silane coupling agent for modification to obtain surface - modified organically foamed particles (the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the organically foamed particles is 0.3%).

[0054] S3. Inorganic composite cementitious material: 105 parts by mass of Portland cement (grade 42.5), 2.1 parts by mass of polypropylene short fibers (length 6 mm), 16.8 parts by mass of fly ash (grade II), 10 parts by mass of silica fume (active SiO₂ ≥ 90%), and 0.7 parts by mass of organosilicon water repellent BS-1001 (purchased from Wacker Chemie AG, Germany) are premixed in a mixer for 3 min to obtain the inorganic composite cementitious material;

[0055] S4. Mixing: Add surface-modified organic foaming particles and 70 parts by mass of water to the inorganic composite cementitious material obtained in step S3, and stir for 5 min until evenly wrapped to obtain a mixture;

[0056] S3. Pressing and curing: Fill the mixture into a mold and press and cure it under a pressure of 5 MPa to obtain the composite material.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The preparation method of the composite material in this example is the same as that in Example 1 except that the amounts of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in step S2 are 3.84 parts by mass and 8.16 parts by mass respectively.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] The preparation method of the composite material in this example is the same as that in Example 1 except that the amounts of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in step S2 are 2 parts by mass and 6 parts by mass respectively.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] The preparation method of the composite material in this example is the same as that in Example 1 except that fly ash and silica fume are not used in step S3, and the amount of Portland cement (grade 42.5) is 131.8 parts by mass.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] The preparation method of the composite material in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1 except that only 12 parts by mass of organic foaming particles with a particle size of 0.5 - 1.5 mm are used in step S2.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] The preparation method of the composite material in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1 except that only 12 parts by mass of organic foaming particles with a particle size of 2 - 5 mm are used in step S2.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] The preparation method of the composite material in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, except that the amounts of the organic foamed particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in step S2 are 4.8 parts by mass and 7.2 parts by mass respectively.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] The preparation method of the composite material in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, except that the amounts of the organic foamed particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in step S2 are 1.25 parts by mass and 3.75 parts by mass respectively.

[0071] Performance Test

[0072] (1) Thermal Conductivity

[0073] The test method of thermal conductivity refers to "Determination of Steady - State Thermal Resistance and Related Characteristics of Thermal Insulation Materials - Guarded - Hot - Plate Method"

[0074] (GB / T10294 - 2008).

[0075] (2) Compressive Strength

[0076] The test method of compressive strength refers to "Test Methods for Building Wall Panels" (GB / T30100 - 2013).

[0077] (3) Bulk Density

[0078] The test method of bulk density refers to "Test Methods for Building Wall Panels" (GB / T30100 - 2013).

[0079] (4) Combustion Performance Rating

[0080] The test method of combustion performance rating refers to "Classification for the Fire Behaviour of Building Products and Elements" (GB8624 - 2012).

[0081] The composite materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to the above performance tests, and the test results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1 below, mass ratio: represents the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles; components not included: represents the components not contained compared with the composite material in Example 1.

[0082] Table 1

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1:

[0085] The composite materials of Examples 1 to 5 all fall within the scope of the composite materials protected by the technical solution of the present invention, and show good test results in the performance tests of thermal conductivity, compressive strength, bulk density, and combustion performance rating. That is, the composite materials provided by the present invention have good fire prevention performance and heat preservation performance, and at the same time achieve their light weight and high strength performance. The composite materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 do not fall within the scope of the composite materials protected by the technical solution of the present invention, and show significant deterioration in at least one of the performance tests of thermal conductivity, compressive strength, bulk density, and combustion performance rating. That is, the composite materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 cannot have good fire prevention performance, heat preservation performance, light weight performance, and high strength performance at the same time.

[0086] Compared with the mass ratio of 25:75 of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material of Example 1, the mass ratio of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material of Example 2 is 32:68. That is, the mass ratio of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material of Example 2 is not within the further preferred range of (25 - 30):(70 - 75). The test result of the composite material of Example 2 in terms of compressive strength is worse than that of Example 1. This shows that in the composite material of the present invention, the particle size grading of the organic foaming particles is: the mass proportion of 2 - 5 mm is 70% - 75%, and the mass proportion of 0.5 - 1.5 mm is 25% - 30%. This particle size grading range can enable the organic foaming particles to have a more suitable packing form and further improve the compressive strength of the composite material.

[0087] Compared with the mass ratio of 91.8:8.2 of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foaming particles in the composite material of Example 1, the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foaming particles in the composite material of Example 3 is 94.4:5.6. That is, the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foaming particles in the composite material of Example 3 is not within the further preferred range of (80:20)-(92:8). The test results of the composite material of Example 3 in terms of thermal conductivity and bulk density are worse than those of Example 1. This shows that in the composite material of the present invention, the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foaming particles is (80:20)-(92:8). This mass ratio range can further improve the heat preservation performance of the composite material and better achieve the light weight of the composite material.

[0088] Compared with Example 1, the composite material of Example 4 does not contain fly ash and silica fume. That is, the inorganic composite cementitious material in the composite material of Example 4 is not within the further preferred range including fly ash and silica fume. The test effect of the composite material of Example 4 in terms of compressive strength is worse than that of Example 1. Thus, it is shown that in the composite material of the present invention, the inorganic composite cementitious material includes coal ash and silica fume, which can further enhance the interfacial bonding force at the contact surface between the inorganic composite cementitious material and the organic foaming material, thereby improving the compressive strength of the composite material.

[0089] Compared with the mass ratio of 25:75 of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material of Example 1, the composite material of Comparative Example 1 only contains organic foaming particles with a particle size of 0.5 - 1.5 mm. That is, the particle size grading of the organic foaming particles is not optimized (bimodal distribution optimization), and the test effects of Comparative Example 1 in terms of thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and combustion performance rating are significantly deteriorated.

[0090] Compared with the mass ratio of 25:75 of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material of Example 1, the composite material of Comparative Example 2 only contains organic foaming particles with a particle size of 2 - 5 mm. That is, the particle size grading of the organic foaming particles is not optimized (bimodal distribution optimization), and the test effects of Comparative Example 2 in terms of thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and fire resistance are significantly deteriorated.

[0091] Compared with the particle size grading of 25:75 of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material of Example 1, the particle size grading of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material of Comparative Example 3 is 40:60. That is, the mass ratio of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material of Comparative Example 3 is not within the technical solution (22 - 32):(68 - 78) of the present invention. Compared with Example 1, the test effect of the composite material of Comparative Example 3 in terms of compressive strength is significantly deteriorated. The mass ratio of the organic foaming particles with particle sizes of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and 2 - 5 mm in the composite material is not within the (22 - 32):(68 - 78) range of the technical solution of the present invention, and it cannot make the organic foaming particles have a proper packing form, resulting in a significant deterioration of the technical effects of the composite material in terms of compressive strength and fire resistance.

[0092] Compared with Example 1 where the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles in the composite material is 91.8:8.2, in Comparative Example 4, the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles in the composite material is 96.4:3.6. That is, the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles in the composite material of Comparative Example 4 is not within the range of (75:25)-(95:5) of the present invention. Compared with Example 1, the test effects of the composite material in Comparative Example 4 on the thermal conductivity and bulk density are significantly deteriorated. The mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles in the composite material is not within the range of (75:25)-(95:5) of the present invention, resulting in a significant deterioration in the technical effects of the composite material in terms of thermal insulation performance and bulk density.

[0093] Through the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 above, the composite material provided by the present invention can endow the composite material with good fire resistance and thermal insulation performance, and at the same time achieve the lightweight and high-strength performance of the composite material only through the optimization of the particle size grading (bimodal distribution optimization) of the organic foamed particles and the optimization of the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles. That is, the technical features of the optimization of the particle size grading (bimodal distribution optimization) of the organic foamed particles and the optimization of the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles in the present invention are an integral means and cannot be separated.

[0094] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced, but these modifications or replacements are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite material, characterized in that, The composite material includes organic foamed particles, a silane coupling agent, and an inorganic composite cementitious material. The inorganic composite cementitious material wraps the organic foamed particles and fills the voids between the organic foamed particles; The particle size distribution of the organic foamed particles is as follows: the mass ratio of 2 - 5 mm is 68% - 78%, and the mass ratio of 0.5 - 1.5 mm is 22% - 32%; the mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles is (75:25) - (95:5); The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the organic foamed particles is 0.1% - 3%; The inorganic composite cementitious material includes an inorganic cementitious material and a water repellent; In the inorganic composite cementitious material, the mass ratio of the water repellent is 0.1% - 5%.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size distribution of the organic foamed particles is as follows: the mass ratio of 2 - 5 mm is 70% - 75%, and the mass ratio of 0.5 - 1.5 mm is 25% - 30%.

3. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the inorganic composite cementitious material to the organic foamed particles is (80:20) - (92:8).

4. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein The inorganic composite cementitious material includes an active admixture, and the active admixture includes at least one of fly ash and silica fume.

5. The composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the inorganic composite cementitious material, the mass ratio of the fly ash is 10% - 15%, and / or the mass ratio of the silica fume is 5% - 10%.

6. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein The water repellent includes at least one of an organosilicon water repellent, an organic hydrocarbon water repellent, and a fluorocarbon water repellent.

7. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein, The inorganic composite cementitious material includes polypropylene fibers.

8. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic cementitious material includes at least one of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, phosphate cement, magnesium oxysulfate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, gypsum, calcium oxide lime, and aluminosilicate cementitious material, and / or the organic foamed particles include at least one of EPS particles, PU polyurethane foam particles, phenolic foam particles, and melamine foam particles.

9. A method for preparing a composite material, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix the organic foamed particles with a target particle size distribution modified by a silane coupling agent, the inorganic composite cementitious material, and water evenly to obtain a mixture; S2. Press and cure the mixture to obtain the composite material.

10. A sheet material, characterized in that, The board includes the composite material according to any one of claims 1 - 8.

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