Environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental pollution remediation, and particularly discloses an environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants and a preparation method of the environmental composite material. The environment mineral materials comprise tail mineral substances, waste biomass and deep sea functional microorganisms, and comprehensive treatment of synchronous degradation of complex pollutants in the field of water, gas and soil environments can be achieved through directional conversion of deep sea microorganism mediated iron circulation-organic matter degradation-inorganic heavy metal ion immobilization. According to the method, process equipment is simple, operation is easy and safe, the tailing minerals and the waste biomass can be comprehensively utilized in a recycling mode, complex wastewater and polluted soil reach the remediation and treatment standard, CO2 is fixedly converted, and the purposes of circular economy, energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollution remediation, and particularly relates to an environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Water resources and land resources are necessities for human survival and development. With the continuous growth of industrialization, wastewater discharge and land pollution in various industries show a continuous upward trend, which correspondingly brings huge challenges to sewage treatment and soil remediation. The types of water and soil pollution are complex and changeable, and can be roughly divided into two categories: organic and inorganic pollution, as well as their mixed pollution, such as electroplating wastewater and contaminated site soil, etc., which bring serious difficulties to the corresponding treatment means. The composite pollutants have complex and diverse components, are not easily decomposed and absorbed, are released into the aquatic environment or soil, and accumulate continuously, damaging the ecological process and even threatening human health.

[0003] There are many current wastewater treatment and soil remediation methods, which generally include three categories: physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Physical methods can selectively separate inorganic heavy metal ions from the source, recover heavy metals and reuse them, but it is difficult to degrade organic pollutants. Chemical methods are rapid and effective, but have high costs, unstable effects, and are prone to secondary pollution. Biological remediation methods are safe and convenient, but since most microorganisms are derived from the sludge of sewage treatment plants, their abilities in high temperature, high pressure, high toxicity resistance, degrading and fixing pollutants in complex systems, etc. are very limited, have selectivity, and require a large amount of organic carbon sources for screening and large-scale cultivation. In addition, no matter which method, at present, it is mostly limited to the degradation process of a single target pollutant in wastewater or contaminated soil, and a comprehensive treatment technology for cross-field and synchronous degradation of multiple pollutants urgently needs to be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants and a preparation method thereof. The environmental mineral material includes tail minerals, waste biomass and deep-sea functional microorganisms, and can realize the comprehensive treatment of synchronous degradation of complex pollutants in the fields of water, gas and soil environments through the directional transformation of deep-sea microorganism-mediated iron cycle - organic matter degradation - inorganic heavy metal ion fixation. The method of the present invention has simple process equipment, easy operation and safety. The tail minerals and waste biomass can achieve resource comprehensive utilization, the complex wastewater and contaminated soil reach the repair and treatment standards, and CO2 is fixed and transformed, realizing the purposes of circular economy, energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the specific technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of an environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants, including the following steps:

[0007] (1) Grind the tailings into fine powder with a particle size of 0.15-0.30 mm in a ball mill;

[0008] (2) crushing the waste biomass into fine particles with a particle size of 0.15-0.30 mm in a crusher;

[0009] (3) Weighing 70-80% of the tailings mineral powder and 20-30% of the waste biomass fine material, mixing them thoroughly, adding 0.5-2 kg of the fine material into 1 L of tap water, and stirring them thoroughly to obtain a mixed solution containing tailings minerals and waste biomass;

[0010] (4) Sediments collected from the deep sea are inoculated into a proliferation medium at a solid-liquid ratio of (10-20):1, and the microorganisms therein are expanded and cultured to the logarithmic growth phase to obtain an effective viable count of 10 8 ~10 9 CFU / mL of microbial flora, and then inoculated into the screening medium at a ratio of (80-100):1 to screen and separate functional flora for degradation of organic / inorganic pollutants; wherein:

[0011] In addition to the traditional liquid culture method, immobilized culture can be used. The microorganisms are fixed on carriers such as sodium alginate and gelatin, and then cultured in a proliferation medium. This method can improve the stability and activity of the microorganisms, facilitating subsequent screening and application;

[0012] In addition to adding wastewater or contaminated soil to the screening medium, a gradient concentration screening method can be used to gradually increase the concentration of pollutants to screen out functional bacteria that have tolerance and degradation capabilities for high-concentration pollutants, thereby improving the treatment efficiency of the bacteria.

[0013] (5) inoculating the functional bacterial flora obtained by the above screening into the mixed solution of step (3) to adsorb the functional microbial flora onto the surface of the material;

[0014] (6) After culturing at 25-40°C for 5-10 days, filter and obtain an effective number of viable bacteria > 10 8 / g environmental composite material blank;

[0015] (7) Add tap water to the above-mentioned blank to maintain a water content of 5-10%, and then process it into a rod-shaped or spherical solid product, and obtain the environmental composite material after drying, which is stored for later use.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the tail mineral is iron tailings. Iron tailings are industrial wastes from mineral processing, which are dark brown fine-grained solids obtained by drying iron tailings slurry at 80 °C. XRF and XRD analyses show that, except for Si, the main elemental components are Fe, and most of the crystalline iron oxides are hematite (Fe2O3), which may be partially amorphous. Steel slag tail mud can be used to replace iron tailings. Steel slag tail mud is rich in elements such as iron and calcium, and after treatment, it can also combine with waste biomass to provide attachment sites and some nutrient elements for microorganisms. In addition, non-ferrous metal tailings (such as lead-zinc tailings, manganese tailings, etc.) also have certain mineral components and can play a similar role in the composite material. Taking manganese tailings as an example, manganese ions can also play a similar effect to iron ions and mediate the cycle between Mn 4+ and Mn 2+ ions, and even the redox cycle between iron and manganese ions.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the waste biomass is sawdust, straw, bran, wheat bran, furfural residue, leaves, kitchen waste, etc., or other common organic matters or their mixtures derived from organisms. In addition, Chinese medicine residues can also be selected as the waste biomass. Chinese medicine residues are rich in organic matter and trace elements, can be used as a nutrient source for the growth of microorganisms, and are widely sourced. In addition, distiller's grains are also a good choice, which are rich in substances such as sugars and proteins and can provide energy for microbial metabolism.

[0018] Preferably, in step (4), the sediment is the shallow sediment of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent in the Southwest Indian Ridge, the deep sediment of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent in the Northwest Indian Ocean, etc. In addition to the sediments of the deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Southwest Indian Ocean and the Northwest Indian Ocean, microorganisms can be considered to be collected from the deep-sea cold seep sediments in the Pacific Ocean. The microbial community in cold seep sediments is unique and may contain strains with better degradation effects on specific pollutants. Or lake sediment can be used. The sediments of some eutrophic lakes are rich in various microorganisms, and after screening, they can also be used for the cultivation of functional microbial communities.

[0019] Preferably, in step (4), the microorganisms include one or more of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, acidophiles, mud bacteria, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomycetes, and Archaea, etc. More preferably, the microorganisms are a combination of Sphingomonas, Rhodobacter, Erythrobacter, and Rhizobium or a combination of Arthrobacter, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Ensifer.

[0020] Preferably, in step (4), the main components and contents of the proliferation medium are as follows: (NH4)2SO4 1.0 - 2.0 g / L, NaCl 10.0 - 20.0 g / L, K2HPO4 1.0 - 2.0 g / L, peptone 5.0 - 10.0 g / L, yeast extract powder 5.0 - 10.0 g / L. The pH is adjusted to 8 with NaOH solution, and CO2 or inorganic carbon or organic carbon is used as the carbon source, with a content of 1 - 5%. The inorganic carbon source is one or more of NaCO3, NaHCO3, and sodium acetate, and the organic carbon source is one or more of glucose, sucrose, and ethanol. A microbial community using CO2 as the carbon source, or using inorganic carbon and organic carbon as the carbon source is obtained. In the proliferation medium, in addition to CO2, inorganic carbon, and organic carbon, methanol can also be used as the carbon source. Methanol has a lower cost and can be utilized by some microorganisms for growth and metabolism. Additionally, glycerol can also be used as the carbon source, which can provide a stable supply of carbon elements for microorganisms.

[0021] Preferably, in step (4), the screening medium refers to adding (30 - 50):1 (mL:L or g:L, where the former refers to the proliferation medium) of wastewater or contaminated soil from a specific source to the proliferation medium to provide one or more inorganic heavy metal ion pollutants such as Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, etc., and one or more organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon persistent organic pollutants, antibiotic drugs, and personal care products. A functional microbial community for treating different pollutants is obtained.

[0022] Preferably, in step (7), the method of processing into rod-shaped or spherical solid products can use an extruder or an injection molding machine; the drying method can be natural air drying or low-temperature freeze-drying.

[0023] Preferably, in step (7), the length of the rod-shaped product is 1.0 - 1.5 cm, the diameter is 2 - 5 mm, and the diameter of the spherical product is 2 - 5 mm; the particle strength of the prepared environmental composite material is 80 - 100 N / particle, which is not easily broken and meets the requirements for recycling.

[0024] In the second aspect, the present invention provides an environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants prepared by the above preparation method.

[0025] In the third aspect, the present invention provides the application of the above environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants in the degradation of complex wastewater pollutants, the fixation of soil heavy metals, the degradation of organic substances, and the improvement of the habitat.

[0026] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The environmental composite material constructed by using the present invention has characteristics such as high porosity and rough surface, which are beneficial to the growth of deep-sea microorganisms on it. At the same time, deep-sea microorganisms have the characteristics of being resistant to high pressure, high salt, heavy metals and temperature, as well as being widely distributed, numerous in quantity and diverse in metabolic types, and having strong adaptability to mutations. They can also fix CO2 in the atmosphere, making the environmental composite material of the present invention have greater advantages and a wider range of uses. Through the directional transformation of deep-sea microorganism-mediated iron cycle - organic matter degradation - inorganic heavy metal ion fixation, the comprehensive treatment of synchronous degradation of complex pollutants in the fields of water, gas and soil environments can be achieved.

[0028] The present invention uses solid tailings and waste biomass to prepare materials with high added value, which can not only give full play to the resource utilization of solid waste, but also be applied in water treatment and soil pollution remediation, turning waste into treasure, reducing environmental pollution, saving resources, achieving the purpose of green environmental protection, having good development prospects, and having research value for further expanding the application direction. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a mechanism diagram of the functionalization of the environmental composite material of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a product diagram of the environmental composite material in Example 1.

[0031] Figure 3 It is the degradation effect of organic / inorganic composite pollutants in Example 1.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a product diagram of the environmental composite material in Example 2.

[0033] Figure 5 It is the degradation effect of organic / inorganic composite pollutants in Example 2. Detailed Embodiment

[0034] This specific embodiment provides an environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants, which is a rod-shaped or spherical solid extruded from iron tailings, waste biomass and deep-sea microbial flora, for wastewater treatment, soil remediation and CO2 fixation cross-domain work, and the simultaneous removal of multi-target organic / inorganic pollutants. Although the prior art has successively reported that related materials (iron tailings and microorganisms, etc.) are used for wastewater treatment or soil remediation, they are all limited to the management of a certain specific pollutant (organic or inorganic) in a certain field (wastewater or contaminated soil), and cross-domain, multi-pollutant synchronous degradation comprehensive management technology has not appeared. In addition, deep-sea microorganisms have high pressure resistance, high salt, heavy metals and temperature, as well as wide distribution, large number and diverse metabolic types, and strong adaptability to mutations. The microorganisms of the present invention are derived from deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments. Due to the perennial eruption of hydrothermal vents, a large amount of CO2, CH4 and other gases are released. The autotrophic microorganisms present here can assimilate CO2 into organic carbon, while providing an energy source for heterotrophic microorganisms. The present invention uses CO2 as a carbon source to screen functional microorganisms, and the obtained microorganisms have the function of fixing CO2, which enables the prepared environmental composite material to not only achieve the simultaneous removal of multi-target organic / inorganic pollutants during use, but also fix CO2 in the atmosphere. More importantly, the present invention screens deep-sea microorganisms as functional flora, which have greater advantages and scope of use in degrading pollutants than terrestrial microorganisms, and the principle of the implementation of the technology of the present invention has never been reported.

[0035] The working principle of the composite material is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the adsorption of iron tailings and the redox properties of iron oxides, the tolerance, electrochemical properties, and CO2 fixation capabilities of deep-sea microorganisms, as well as the degradation and electron transfer processes of waste biomass and organic matter are mainly utilized. The action mechanisms of each substance are as follows:

[0036] 1) The role of deep-sea microorganisms: On the one hand, they decompose waste biomass or large molecular organic matter in the system into small molecular organic acids, and at the same time release electrons to participate in the reduction process of trivalent iron ions and high-valent heavy metal ions in the system; on the other hand, the generated organic acids can corrode the surface of the primary minerals of the iron tailings, accelerate the weathering of the iron tailings, and produce divalent iron ions and trivalent iron ions in the system, creating material conditions for the next step of the recycling and transformation of iron in the system.

[0037] 2) The role of waste biomass: On the one hand, under the action of microorganisms, it can undergo redox reactions with high-valent heavy metal ions to generate small organic molecules and low-valent metals, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the toxicity of high-valent heavy metal ions; on the other hand, it can undergo redox reactions with trivalent iron ions in iron tailings to generate small organic molecules and divalent iron ions.

[0038] 3) The role of iron tailings: Weathering produces divalent iron ions and trivalent iron ions. The trivalent iron ions undergo redox reactions with waste biomass to generate small organic molecules and divalent iron ions. The generated divalent iron ions can undergo redox reactions with high-valent heavy metal ions to generate trivalent iron ions and low-valent metals, thereby reducing the toxicity of high-valent heavy metal ions and achieving the cyclic conversion of divalent iron ions and trivalent iron ions in the system.

[0039] In addition, the autotrophic microorganisms in the material can assimilate CO2 in the atmosphere into organic carbon in the absence of inorganic or organic carbon sources, providing energy sources for heterotrophic microorganisms. When treating inorganic polluted wastewater or polluted soil with very little organic matter, autotrophic microorganisms are more likely to play a role in carbon fixation. In addition, in the long-term evolution of the soil system, the small-molecule organic acids generated by heterotrophic microorganisms degrading macromolecular organic matter can also improve soil quality. At the same time, since the environmental composite material contains iron oxides, accompanied by adsorption and secondary mineralization, secondary iron minerals are formed, which encapsulate heavy metal ions and other pollutants, further playing a role in fixing heavy metals and other pollutants.

[0040] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] An environmental composite material for multi-pollutant degradation is prepared according to the following steps:

[0043] (1) Grind the iron tailings in a ball mill to a fine powder with a particle size of 0.20 mm; the iron tailings in this embodiment are from Anshan Iron and Steel Group, and the specific composition is SiO2 75.1%, Fe2O3 21.7%, CaO 1.4%, MgO 0.8%, Al2O3 0.6%, P2O50.1%, K2O 0.09%, MnO 0.09%, SO3 0.06%, TiO2 0.03%, CuO 0.01%, and other (impurities) 0.02%.

[0044] (2) The waste biomass is crushed into fine material with a particle size of 0.20 mm in a crusher; in this embodiment, the waste biomass is sawdust.

[0045] (3) Weigh 70% by mass of the iron tailings fine powder and 30% by mass of the waste biomass fine material, mix them thoroughly, add 2 kg of the mixture into 1 L of tap water, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a mixed solution containing iron tailings and waste biomass.

[0046] (4) The shallow sediments (depth - 2860 m) of deep - sea hydrothermal vents in the Southwest Indian Ridge collected were inoculated into a proliferation medium with CO2 as the carbon source at a solid - liquid ratio of 10:1 (g:L). The microorganisms in it were expanded in culture until the logarithmic growth phase, obtaining a microbial flora with an effective viable count of 5×10 8 CFU / mL, and then inoculated into the screening medium at a ratio of 80:1 (mL:L). The screening medium refers to adding electroplating wastewater at a ratio of 30:1 (mL:L) (where the concentrations of total cyanide, Cr, and chemical oxygen demand COD are 50, 15, and 350 mg / L respectively) to the proliferation medium to screen and isolate the functional flora for organic / inorganic pollutant degradation. Among them:

[0047] The main components and contents of the proliferation medium are: (NH4)2SO4 1.5 g / L, NaCl 10.0 g / L, K2HPO4 1.0 g / L, peptone 8.0 g / L, yeast extract powder 8.0 g / L, and the pH is adjusted to 8 with NaOH solution.

[0048] CO2 is connected to a CO2 gas cylinder (purity 99.99%) through a mass flow controller and input through a 0.22 - μm sterilizing filter. The initial flow rate is 20 mL / min (content is 5%), and the flow rate is adjusted every 24 hours according to the gas situation (±5 mL / min) to maintain the CO2 partial pressure ≥0.3 atm.

[0049] High - throughput sequencing analysis of the functional flora screened in this example shows that its composition is mainly Sphingomonas, Rhodobacter, Erythrobacter, and Rhizobium, with a ratio of 1:0.5:0.4:0.3.

[0050] (5) The functional flora obtained by the above screening is inoculated into the mixture in step (3) to adsorb the microbial functional flora onto the material surface;

[0051] (6) After culturing at 35°C for 10 d, filtration is carried out to obtain an environmental composite material embryo with an adsorbed effective viable count > 10 8 CFU / g.

[0052] (7) Tap water is added to the above embryo to keep the water content at 10%, and then it is formed by an extruder into a rod - shaped solid with a product length of 1.0 - 1.5 cm and a diameter of 2 - 5 mm, and air - dried under natural conditions to obtain the environmental composite material, as shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0053] The environmental composite material prepared in this example is tested for performance according to the following method:

[0054] 1 g of the environmental composite material was weighed and placed in 50 mL of electroplating wastewater solution and oscillated on an oscillator at 298 K and 150 rpm for 150 h. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 mm membrane filter and the heavy metals (Cr 6+ ) content, silver nitrate titration method to determine cyanide (CN - ) content, heavy metals (Cr 6+ ) and the degradation effect of total cyanide Figure 3 As shown, convert Cr 6+ The removal efficiency was 83.7% and the total cyanide removal efficiency was 96.8%.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] An environmental composite material for multi-pollutant degradation is prepared according to the following steps:

[0057] (1) Grind the iron tailings in a ball mill to a fine powder with a particle size of 0.30 mm; the iron tailings are made of the same material as in Example 1.

[0058] (2) The waste biomass is crushed into fine particles with a particle size of 0.30 mm in a crusher; the waste biomass in this embodiment is rice straw.

[0059] (3) Weigh 80% by mass of the iron tailings fine powder and 20% by mass of the waste biomass fine material, mix them thoroughly, add 1 kg of the mixture into 1 L of tap water, and stir them thoroughly to obtain a mixed solution containing iron tailings and waste biomass.

[0060] (4) Deep sediments collected from a hydrothermal vent in the northwest Indian Ocean (depth -3581 m) were inoculated into a proliferation medium with sodium acetate as the carbon source at a solid-liquid ratio of 20:1 (g:L). The microorganisms were expanded and cultured to the logarithmic growth phase, and an effective viable count of 8×10 8 CFU / mL of microbial flora, and then inoculated into the screening medium at 100:1 (mL:L), where the screening medium refers to the proliferation medium, adding 50:1 (g:L) of site contaminated soil (where the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and Cr are 35 and 20 mg / L respectively), to screen and separate functional flora for the degradation of organic / inorganic pollutants. Among them:

[0061] The main components and contents of the proliferation culture medium are: (NH4)2SO4 2.0g / L, NaCl 10.0g / L, K2HPO42.0g / L, peptone 8.0g / L, yeast extract powder 10.0g / L, and NaOH solution to adjust pH=8.

[0062] Sodium acetate was added to the proliferation medium at a rate of 5%.

[0063] High-throughput sequencing analysis results of the functional flora screened in this example show that its composition is mainly Arthrobacter, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Ensifer, with a ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0064] (5) Inoculate the above-obtained functional strains into the mixture in step (3) to adsorb the microbial functional flora onto the material surface.

[0065] (6) After culturing at 40 °C for 5 days, filter to obtain an environmental composite material embryo with an adsorbed viable cell count > 10 8 CFU / g.

[0066] (7) Add tap water to the above embryo to maintain a water content of 5%, then form it through an extruder into spherical solids with a product diameter of 2 - 5 mm, and air-dry it under natural conditions to obtain the environmental composite material, as shown in Figure 4 the figure.

[0067] The environmental composite material prepared in this example was tested for performance according to the following method:

[0068] Weigh 10 g of the environmental composite material into 1000 g of site-polluted soil and culture it at a temperature of 298 K for 90 days. Use ICP to determine the heavy metal (Cr 6+ ) content, and use GC-MS method to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content. The degradation effects of heavy metals (Cr 6+ ) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the site-polluted soil at different times during the reaction time are as shown in Figure 5 the figure. The calculated removal rate of Cr 6+ is 97.9%, and the removal rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is 98.8%.

[0069] In summary, using the process technology of the present invention, environmental composite materials can be prepared. Through the directional transformation of deep-sea microorganism-mediated iron cycle - organic matter degradation - inorganic heavy metal ion fixation, the comprehensive treatment of synchronous degradation of complex pollutants in the fields of water, gas, and soil environments can be achieved. The present invention uses solid tailings generated from iron ore processing and waste biomass to prepare materials with high added value, which can not only give full play to the resource utilization of solid waste, but also be applied in water treatment and soil pollution remediation, turning waste into treasure, reducing environmental pollution, saving resources, achieving the purpose of green environmental protection, having good development prospects, and having research value for further expanding application directions.

[0070] This specific implementation manner is only an interpretation of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. Any changes made by those skilled in the art after reading the specification of the present invention, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, will be protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A preparation method of an environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: (1) Grind the tailings into fine powder with a particle size of 0.15-0.30 mm in a ball mill; (2) crushing the waste biomass into fine particles with a particle size of 0.15-0.30 mm in a crusher; (3) Weighing 70-80% of the tailings mineral powder and 20-30% of the waste biomass fine material, mixing them thoroughly, adding 0.5-2 kg of the fine material into 1 L of tap water, and stirring them thoroughly to obtain a mixed solution containing tailings minerals and waste biomass; (4) Inoculate the sediments collected from the deep sea into the enrichment medium at a solid-liquid ratio of (10 - 20):1, and expand the microorganisms in it to the logarithmic growth phase to obtain a microbial flora with an effective viable count of 10 8 ~10 9 CFU / mL, and then inoculate it into the screening medium at a ratio of (80 - 100):1 to screen and isolate the functional flora for the degradation of organic / inorganic pollutants; (5) inoculating the functional bacterial flora obtained by the above screening into the mixed solution of step (3) to adsorb the functional microbial flora onto the surface of the material; After culturing at 25 - 40°C for 5 - 10 days, filter to obtain an environmental composite embryo material with an adsorbed viable bacteria count > 10 8 CFU / g; (7) Add tap water to the above-mentioned blank to maintain a water content of 5-10%, and then process it into a rod-shaped or spherical solid product, and obtain the environmental composite material after drying, which is stored for later use.

2. The preparation method of the environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the tailings are iron tailings, steel slag tailings or non-ferrous metal tailings.

3. The preparation method of the environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the waste biomass is selected from sawdust, straw, bran, wheat bran, furfural residue, leaves, kitchen waste or other common organic matter derived from organisms or a mixture thereof.

4. The preparation method of the environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the sediment is shallow sediment from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent of the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge or deep sediment from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent of the Northwest Indian Ocean.

5. The preparation method of the environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the microorganism is a combination of Sphingomonas, Rhodobacter, Erythrobacter, and Rhizobium, or a combination of Arthrobacter, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Sword Bacterium.

6. The preparation method of the environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the main components and contents of the proliferation medium are: (NH4)2SO4 1.0-2.0g / L, NaCl 10.0-20.0g / L, K2HPO4 1.0-2.0g / L, peptone 5.0-10.0g / L, yeast extract powder 5.0-10.0g / L, NaOH solution to adjust pH=8, CO2 or inorganic carbon or organic carbon as the carbon source, the content is 1-5%; the inorganic carbon source is one or more of NaCO3, NaHCO3, sodium acetate, and the organic carbon source is one or more of glucose, sucrose, and ethanol.

7. The preparation method of the environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (4), the screening culture medium refers to adding wastewater or contaminated soil in a ratio of (30-50):1 to the proliferation culture medium.

8. The preparation method of the environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (7), the length of the rod-shaped product is 1.0-1.5 cm, the diameter is 2-5 mm, and the diameter of the spherical product is 2-5 mm; the particle strength of the obtained environmental composite material is 80-100 N / particle.

9. An environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the environmental composite material for removing multiple pollutants as claimed in claim 9 in the degradation of complex wastewater pollutants and the fixation of heavy metals in soil, the degradation of organic matter and the improvement of habitat.

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