Solar cell inspection method and solar cell inspection system

Abstract

The application relates to a solar cell detection method and a solar cell detection system. The method comprises the following steps: in response to an electroluminescence test instruction, acquiring a first photoluminescence spectrum of a to-be-detected sub-cell; applying first excitation light to a laminated cell, so that the to-be-detected sub-cell and an associated sub-cell are in a luminescent state, wherein the associated sub-cell and the to-be-detected sub-cell are arranged in sequence along a sub-cell current transmission direction corresponding to a test electric signal; applying a first test electric signal to the laminated cell; acquiring a test light-out spectrum of the to-be-detected sub-cell; and determining an electroluminescence spectrum of the to-be-detected sub-cell according to the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light-out spectrum of the to-be-detected sub-cell. The application can perform electroluminescence testing and photoluminescence testing on the laminated cell, and effectively improves the accuracy of electroluminescence testing of the laminated cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic detection technology, and in particular to a solar cell detection method and a solar cell detection system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous consumption of traditional energy, people's environmental awareness has been continuously improving. As a clean energy, solar energy has attracted much attention because it directly converts light radiation into electricity through solar cells.

[0003] Solar cells primarily utilize the unique conduction band structure of semiconductors. Through the drift and diffusion of carriers across the PN junction, photogenerated electrons and holes are separated and allowed to form a current loop through an external circuit. This allows for the desired voltage and current to be achieved by connecting multiple subcells in series or parallel to create a solar cell that meets the required voltage and current requirements.

[0004] Currently, tandem cells are constructed by vertically stacking multiple sub-cells made of different materials. This allows them to simultaneously utilize light signals of different wavelengths, effectively utilizing solar energy. However, conventional electroluminescence and photoluminescence testing used for solar cells are difficult to meet the testing requirements of tandem cells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell detection method and a solar cell detection system, which can perform electroluminescence testing and photoluminescence testing on stacked cells and effectively improve the accuracy of electroluminescence testing of stacked cells.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, some embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell inspection method for use with a stacked cell. The stacked cell includes at least two sub-cells stacked sequentially. The solar cell inspection method includes the following steps.

[0007] In response to the electroluminescence test instruction, a first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested is acquired.

[0008] A first excitation light is applied to the stacked cell to excite at least the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell to be in a light-emitting state, wherein the associated sub-cell and the sub-cell to be tested are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along the sub-cell current transmission direction corresponding to the test electrical signal.

[0009] A first test electrical signal is applied to the stacked cell to obtain a test light output spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested.

[0010] The electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested is determined according to the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested and the test light emission spectrum.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the associated sub-battery is located on a side of the sub-battery to be tested that is used to connect to the positive pole of the test power supply; the number of the associated sub-battery is one or more.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, applying the first excitation light to the stacked battery to excite at least the sub-battery to be tested and the associated sub-battery into a luminous state includes: applying the first excitation light to the stacked battery to excite all sub-batteries of the stacked battery into a luminous state.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the wavelength of the first excitation light is within the excitation spectrum range of the sub-cell to be measured, and the wavelength of the first excitation light is greater than the wavelength of the excitation light of the associated sub-cell.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the first test electrical signal includes a test voltage and / or a test current.

[0015] Optionally, the test voltage has a value range of 0.1% to 200% of the open circuit voltage of the stacked battery.

[0016] Optionally, the test voltage has a value range of 0.1% to 120% of the open circuit voltage of the stacked battery.

[0017] Optionally, the test voltage has a value range of 0.1% to 100% of the open circuit voltage of the stacked battery.

[0018] Optionally, the test voltage has a value range of 5% to 30% of the open circuit voltage of the stacked battery.

[0019] Optionally, the test current has a value range of 0.1% to 200% of the short-circuit current of the stacked battery.

[0020] Optionally, the test current has a value range of 0.1% to 120% of the short-circuit current of the stacked battery.

[0021] Optionally, the test current has a value range of 0.1% to 100% of the short-circuit current of the stacked battery.

[0022] Optionally, the test current has a value range of 5% to 30% of the short-circuit current of the stacked battery.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, obtaining a first photoluminescence spectrum and a test light output spectrum of a sub-cell to be tested includes: setting a target filter on the light incident side of a spectrum acquisition device, wherein the target filter corresponds one-to-one to the sub-cell to be tested, and the target filter is configured to select an outgoing light signal passing through the sub-cell to be tested; and obtaining the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light output spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on the target filter.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell detection method further includes: applying a second excitation light to the stacked cell in response to a photoluminescence test instruction; and obtaining a second photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested for photoluminescence testing based on a target filter.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the wavelength of the second excitation light is the same as the wavelength of the first excitation light. Accordingly, in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, obtaining the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested includes: in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, using the second photoluminescence spectrum as the first photoluminescence spectrum.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light output spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested includes: obtaining luminescence data of the sub-cell to be tested in the first photoluminescence spectrum as first data; obtaining luminescence data of the sub-cell to be tested in the test light output spectrum as second data; and determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on a data difference between the second data and the first data.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, the tandem battery includes a first terminal for connecting to the positive electrode of a test power source, and a second terminal for connecting to the negative electrode of the test power source. The sub-cell to be tested is the Nth sub-cell connected to the first terminal of the tandem battery, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. Accordingly, the solar cell testing method further includes: applying a second test electrical signal to the first and second terminals of the tandem battery; and directly acquiring an electroluminescence spectrum of the first sub-cell connected to the first terminal.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the stacked cell includes a perovskite sub-cell and a crystalline silicon sub-cell; wherein the crystalline silicon sub-cell is located on a side of the perovskite sub-cell for connecting to the positive electrode of the test power supply.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, a stacked battery includes a first bandgap sub-battery and a second bandgap sub-battery; wherein the bandgap of the first bandgap sub-battery is smaller than the bandgap of the second bandgap sub-battery, and the first bandgap sub-battery is located on a side of the second bandgap sub-battery for connecting to the positive pole of a test power supply.

[0030] Optionally, the band gap range of the first band gap sub-cell includes 1.0 eV to 1.2 eV, and the band gap range of the second band gap sub-cell includes 1.6 eV to 1.8 eV.

[0031] Optionally, the band gap of the sub-cell to be tested is in the range of 1.6 eV to 1.8 eV, and the wavelength of the first excitation light is in the range of 300 nm to 650 nm.

[0032] In another aspect, some embodiments of the present application further provide a solar cell detection system for use with a tandem cell comprising at least two sequentially stacked sub-cells. This solar cell detection system, configured to implement the solar cell detection methods described in some of the aforementioned embodiments, includes a controllable light source, a spectrum acquisition device, and a detection and processing device.

[0033] The controllable light source is configured to emit a first excitation light to the stacked cell in response to an electroluminescence test instruction, wherein the first excitation light is used to excite at least the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell to be in a luminous state; wherein the associated sub-cell and the sub-cell to be tested are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along the sub-cell current transmission direction corresponding to the test electrical signal.

[0034] The spectrum acquisition device is configured to: acquire a first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to an electroluminescence test instruction, and acquire a test light emission spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to a first test electrical signal.

[0035] The detection and processing device is connected to the controllable light source and the spectrum acquisition device, and is configured to: send an electroluminescence test instruction to the controllable light source; in response to the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell being in a light-emitting state, apply a first test electrical signal to the stacked battery; and determine the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested and the test light output spectrum.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the controllable light source is further configured to emit a first excitation light capable of stimulating each sub-cell to be in a light-emitting state toward the stacked cell in response to an electroluminescence test instruction.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, a filter placement portion is provided on the light-incident side of the spectrum acquisition device; the filter placement portion is used to accommodate a target filter. The target filter corresponds one-to-one with the sub-cell under test and is configured to select the outgoing light signal passing through the sub-cell under test. Accordingly, the spectrum acquisition device is configured to acquire a first photoluminescence spectrum and a test light output spectrum of the sub-cell under test based on the target filter.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, the detection and processing device is further configured to send a photoluminescence test instruction to the controllable light source. The controllable light source is further configured to emit a second excitation light toward the tandem cell in response to the photoluminescence test instruction. The spectrum acquisition device is further configured to acquire a second photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell under test in response to the photoluminescence test instruction.

[0039] Optionally, the wavelength of the second excitation light is the same as the wavelength of the first excitation light. Accordingly, the spectrum acquisition device acquires the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, including: in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, using the second photoluminescence spectrum as the first photoluminescence spectrum.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, the laminated battery includes a first terminal for connecting to the positive electrode of a test power source, and a second terminal for connecting to the negative electrode of the test power source. The sub-cell to be tested is the Nth sub-cell connected to the first terminal, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. Accordingly, the detection and processing device is further configured to apply a second test electrical signal to the first and second terminals of the laminated battery, so that the spectrum acquisition device directly acquires the electroluminescence spectrum of the first sub-cell connected to the first terminal in response to the second test electrical signal.

[0041] The embodiments of the present application may or at least have the following advantages:

[0042] In an embodiment of the present application, when performing an electroluminescence test on a stacked battery, a first excitation light can be applied to the stacked battery to excite the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell into a luminescent state. In this way, the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell are both in a conductive state, and a power supply path of an equivalent current source can be formed between the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell, thereby eliminating the need for reverse breakdown of the equivalent composite junction between the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell. Afterwards, while the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell remain in a luminescent state, a first test electrical signal is applied to the stacked battery to obtain a test light spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested. The electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested can be determined by data processing based on the test light spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested and its first photoluminescence spectrum. Thus, the embodiment of the present application can perform an electroluminescence test on the stacked battery and effectively prevent the equivalent composite junction between the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell from being reversely broken down during the electroluminescence test, thereby avoiding damage to the performance of the stacked battery due to the breakdown of the equivalent composite junction. Moreover, compared with traditional electroluminescence testing, the embodiment of the present application obtains the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested through data processing, which can also avoid the problem of misjudging the cell performance and misjudging the distribution of thin film morphological defects caused by directly identifying the electroluminescence image of the solar cell, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the electroluminescence test of the stacked cell.

[0043] The details of one or more embodiments of the present application are set forth in the following drawings and description. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0045] Figure 1A flowchart of a solar cell detection method provided in some embodiments;

[0046] Figure 2 A flowchart of another solar cell detection method provided in some embodiments;

[0047] Figure 3 A flowchart of obtaining a first photoluminescence spectrum and testing an outlight spectrum provided in some embodiments;

[0048] Figure 4 A flowchart of another solar cell detection method provided in some embodiments;

[0049] Figure 5 A flowchart of another solar cell detection method provided in some embodiments;

[0050] Figure 6 A flowchart of another solar cell detection method provided in some embodiments;

[0051] Figure 7 A flowchart of another solar cell detection method provided in some embodiments;

[0052] Figure 8 A structure diagram of a stacked cell provided in some embodiments;

[0053] Figure 9 A film layer structure diagram of the stacked cell shown in Figure 8

[0054] An equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the stacked cell shown in Figure 10 Figure 8 An equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the stacked cell shown in

[0055] Figure 11 Figure 8 An equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the stacked cell shown in

[0056] Figure 12 A structure diagram of another stacked cell provided in some embodiments;

[0057] Figure 13 A structure block diagram of a solar cell detection system provided in some embodiments.

[0058] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0059] ​​100-crystalline silicon subcell, 110-crystalline silicon absorption layer, 120-first passivation contact layer, 130-second passivation contact layer, 140-transparent conductive layer, 200-intermediate composite layer, 300-perovskite subcell, 310-perovskite absorption layer, 320-hole transport layer, 330-third passivation contact layer, 340-electron transport layer, 350-buffer layer, 360-conductive oxide layer, 370-antireflection layer, 400-first electrode, 500-second electrode;

[0060] 10-controllable light source, 20-spectrum acquisition device, 30-detection and processing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] To facilitate understanding of the present application, a more comprehensive description of the present application will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present application. However, the present application may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the present disclosure.

[0062] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0063] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "adjacent to," or "connected to" another element or layer, it may be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer, or there may be intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, doping types, and / or portions, these elements, components, regions, layers, doping types, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, doping type, or portion from another element, component, region, layer, doping type, or portion. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, doping type, or portion discussed below may be represented as a second element, component, region, layer, or portion without departing from the teachings of the present application.

[0064] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Also, as used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0065] With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the quality control and detection technology of solar cells are also constantly improving. Among them, photoluminescence test and electroluminescence test are two important detection methods for solar cells. The photoluminescence (PL) test refers to: using a specific wavelength of excitation light to excite the solar cell, so that the electrons in it jump to the excited state and emit light signals; In this way, the light signals can be captured by the camera, and the defects in the solar cell can be inferred according to the light intensity distribution of the light signals. These defects usually appear as areas of reduced fluorescence intensity. Common photoluminescence test defects include: impurities, cracks, or changes in crystal structure. The electroluminescence (EL) test refers to: applying a specific voltage to make the solar cell emit light in the working state; In this way, the luminescence image of the solar cell can be captured by an infrared camera, which can directly display the internal problems of the solar cell, such as hidden cracks, broken grids, and cracks.

[0066] The tandem cell can simultaneously utilize light signals of different wavelengths by vertically stacking multiple sub-cells of different materials, thereby efficiently utilizing solar energy. That is, the tandem cell can include at least two sub-cells sequentially stacked in a vertical direction. Embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell detection method and a solar cell detection system, which can perform electroluminescence testing and photoluminescence testing on the tandem cell, and effectively improve the accuracy of electroluminescence testing of the tandem cell.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 1 The solar cell detection method provided by the embodiments of the present application includes the following steps S100-S400.

[0068] S100, in response to an electroluminescence test instruction, obtaining a first photoluminescence spectrum of a to-be-tested sub-cell.

[0069] Optionally, the first photoluminescence spectrum of the to-be-tested sub-cell can be obtained by directly performing photoluminescence testing on the to-be-tested sub-cell in response to the electroluminescence test instruction.

[0070] Optionally, the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested may be acquired from a historical detection record of the photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to an electroluminescence test instruction.

[0071] S200: Apply a first excitation light to the stacked cell to excite at least the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell to be in a light-emitting state. The associated sub-cell and the sub-cell to be tested are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along a sub-cell current transmission direction corresponding to the test electrical signal.

[0072] Here, the test electrical signal is provided based on the test power supply and may include the first test electrical signal and the second test electrical signal mentioned below.

[0073] It can be understood that the transmission direction of the sub-battery is from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and the associated sub-battery is located on the side of the positive electrode of the sub-battery to be tested for connecting to the test power supply. Optionally, the number of associated sub-batteries can be one or more.

[0074] Optionally, the wavelength of the first excitation light is within the excitation spectrum range of the sub-cell to be measured, and the wavelength of the first excitation light is greater than the wavelength of the excitation light of the associated sub-cell.

[0075] Optionally, the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested is obtained in step S100 , and can also be obtained after the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cells are excited to emit light by the first excitation light and before the first test electrical signal is applied.

[0076] S300: Apply a first test electrical signal to the stacked cell to obtain a test light output spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested.

[0077] Optionally, the first test electrical signal includes a test voltage and / or a test current. When the first test electrical signal includes a test voltage and a test current, corresponding test luminescence spectra can be obtained for the test voltage and the test current, respectively, to comprehensively evaluate the electroluminescent performance of the sub-cell under test.

[0078] S400 , determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested according to the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested and the test light emission spectrum.

[0079] In an embodiment of the present application, when performing an electroluminescence test on a stacked battery, a first excitation light can be applied to the stacked battery to excite the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell into a luminescent state. In this way, the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell are both in a conductive state, and a power supply path of an equivalent current source can be formed between the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell, thereby eliminating the need for reverse breakdown of the equivalent composite junction between the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell. Afterwards, while the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell remain in a luminescent state, a first test electrical signal is applied to the stacked battery to obtain a test light spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested. The electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested can be determined by data processing based on the test light spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested and its first photoluminescence spectrum. Thus, the embodiment of the present application can perform an electroluminescence test on the stacked battery and effectively prevent the equivalent composite junction between the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell from being reversely broken down during the electroluminescence test, thereby avoiding damage to the performance of the stacked battery due to the breakdown of the equivalent composite junction. Moreover, compared with traditional electroluminescence testing, the embodiment of the present application obtains the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested through data processing, which can also avoid the problem of misjudging the cell performance and misjudging the distribution of thin film morphological defects caused by directly identifying the electroluminescence image of the solar cell, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the electroluminescence test of the stacked cell.

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 In step S200, the first excitation light is applied to the stacked cell to at least excite the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell to be in a light-emitting state, which can be expressed as step S200'.

[0081] S200 ′, applying a first excitation light to the stacked battery to excite all sub-cells of the stacked battery into a light-emitting state.

[0082] In an embodiment of the present application, when performing an electroluminescence test on a stacked cell, each sub-cell in the stacked cell is excited into a luminous state by the first excitation light, which can simplify the steps of targeted selection and implementation of the first excitation light, thereby reducing the test difficulty of the electroluminescence test and facilitating ensuring the test efficiency of the electroluminescence test.

[0083] It should be supplemented that, in some embodiments of the present application, the first test electrical signal includes a test voltage.

[0084] Optionally, the test voltage has a value range of 0.1% to 200% of the open circuit voltage of the stack battery; for example, it may be 0.1%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, 150% or 200% of the open circuit voltage of the stack battery.

[0085] Optionally, the test voltage has a value range of 0.1% to 120% of the open circuit voltage of the stack battery; for example, it may be 0.1%, 3%, 8%, 12%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 90% or 120% of the open circuit voltage of the stack battery.

[0086] Optionally, the test voltage has a value range of 0.1% to 100% of the open circuit voltage of the stack battery; for example, it may be 0.1%, 2%, 6%, 15%, 35%, 70%, 80% or 100% of the open circuit voltage of the stack battery.

[0087] Optionally, the test voltage has a value range of 5% to 30% of the open circuit voltage of the stack battery; for example, it may be 5%, 7%, 9%, 16%, 21%, 28% or 30% of the open circuit voltage of the stack battery.

[0088] In the embodiment of the present application, when performing an electroluminescence test on a stacked cell, there is no need to reversely breakdown the equivalent composite junction between the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell, which is conducive to using a smaller test voltage to implement the electroluminescence test, so as to minimize damage to the performance of the stacked cell due to excessive test voltage.

[0089] In other embodiments of the present application, the first test electrical signal includes a test current.

[0090] Optionally, the test current has a value range of 0.1% to 200% of the short-circuit current of the stack battery; for example, it may be 0.1%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, 150% or 200% of the short-circuit current of the stack battery.

[0091] Optionally, the test current has a value range of 0.1% to 120% of the short-circuit current of the stack battery; for example, it may be 0.1%, 3%, 8%, 12%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 90% or 120% of the short-circuit current of the stack battery.

[0092] Optionally, the test current has a value range of 0.1% to 100% of the short-circuit current of the stack battery; for example, it may be 0.1%, 2%, 6%, 15%, 35%, 70%, 80% or 100% of the short-circuit current of the stack battery.

[0093] Optionally, the test current has a value range of 5% to 30% of the short-circuit current of the stack battery; for example, it may be 5%, 7%, 9%, 16%, 21%, 28% or 30% of the short-circuit current of the stack battery.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present application, when performing an electroluminescence test on a stacked cell, there is no need to reversely breakdown the equivalent composite junction between the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell, which is conducive to using a smaller test current to implement the electroluminescence test, so as to minimize damage to the performance of the stacked cell due to excessive test current.

[0095] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 The step S100 of obtaining the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested and the step S300 of obtaining the test light emission spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested can be performed as follows: steps S110 and S120.

[0096] S110 , setting a target filter on the light incident side of the spectrum acquisition device, wherein the target filter corresponds to the sub-cell to be measured one by one, and the target filter is configured to select the outgoing light signal passing through the sub-cell to be measured.

[0097] S120 , respectively obtaining a first photoluminescence spectrum and a test light emission spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on the target filter.

[0098] In this embodiment of the present application, a target filter is selected to match the wavelength of the outgoing light of the sub-cell under test. The target filter can be used to select the outgoing light signal that passes through the sub-cell under test. Specifically, when both the sub-cell under test and other sub-cells (e.g., associated sub-cells) are emitting light, noise filtering can be performed on the outgoing light from both, thereby obtaining the outgoing light signal specific to the sub-cell under test. In this way, based on the target filter, this embodiment of the present application can accurately obtain the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light spectrum of the sub-cell under test.

[0099] It is worth mentioning that in some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 , the solar cell detection method further includes the following steps S500 and S600.

[0100] S500 , in response to a photoluminescence test instruction, applying a second excitation light to the stacked cell.

[0101] S600: Acquire a second photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested for photoluminescence testing based on the target filter.

[0102] In the embodiment of the present application, the different luminescence characteristics of different sub-cells in the stacked cell are matched, and appropriate target filters can be selected to perform photoluminescence testing on the different sub-cells to independently obtain the second photoluminescence spectrum of each sub-cell, thereby realizing photoluminescence testing of the stacked cell.

[0103] Optionally, the photoluminescence test of the stacked cell and the electroluminescence test of the stacked cell can be performed independently, or in sequence according to a preset order. Figure 4As shown in , the electroluminescence test of the stacked battery can be performed first, and then the photoluminescence test of the stacked battery can be performed. Figure 5 As shown in , the photoluminescence test of the tandem cell can be performed first, and then the electroluminescence test of the tandem cell can be performed.

[0104] Furthermore, it is understood that the second excitation light applied to the tandem cell should match the photoluminescence test requirement setting of the tandem cell, for example, it can be the same as or different from the first excitation light.

[0105] Optionally, the wavelength of the second excitation light is the same as the wavelength of the first excitation light. Figure 5 In step S100 , in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, obtaining the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested can be expressed as step S100 ′.

[0106] S100 ′: in response to an electroluminescence test instruction, taking the second photoluminescence spectrum as the first photoluminescence spectrum.

[0107] In other words, in the embodiment of the present application, a photoluminescence test can be performed on the stacked cell before performing the electroluminescence test, so that when performing the electroluminescence test provided by the present application, the second photoluminescence spectrum obtained during the photoluminescence test can be directly used as the first photoluminescence spectrum required for the electroluminescence test.

[0108] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 6 In step S400, determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested according to the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested and the test light spectrum may include the following steps S410 to S430.

[0109] S410 , obtaining luminescence data of a sub-cell to be tested in a first photoluminescence spectrum as first data.

[0110] S420: Acquire light emission data of the sub-cell to be tested in the test light emission spectrum as second data.

[0111] S430 , determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested according to the data difference between the second data and the first data.

[0112] In the embodiments of the present application, by obtaining first data from the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell under test and second data from the test light emission spectrum, a subtraction operation can be performed on the second data and the first data to obtain the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell under test. In this way, the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell under test is obtained based on data processing, which can avoid the problem of misjudging cell performance and misjudging the distribution of thin film morphological defects caused by directly identifying the electroluminescence image of the solar cell, and is conducive to improving the accuracy of electroluminescence testing of stacked cells.

[0113] It is worth mentioning that in some embodiments of the present application, the laminated battery includes a first terminal for connecting to the positive electrode of the test power supply, and a second terminal for connecting to the negative electrode of the test power supply. The aforementioned sub-battery to be tested is the Nth sub-battery connected to the first terminal of the laminated battery, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. Figure 7 The solar cell detection method may further include the following steps S700 and S800.

[0114] S700 , applying a second test electrical signal to the first terminal and the second terminal of the laminate battery.

[0115] S800: directly acquiring the electroluminescence spectrum of the first sub-cell connected to the first end of the stacked cell.

[0116] Here, the second test electrical signal may be the same as or different from the first test electrical signal, and the specific setting can be selected to match the needs.

[0117] In the embodiments of the present application, when performing electroluminescence testing on the second sub-cell connected to the first end of the tandem cell and subsequent sub-cells, the method described in some of the aforementioned embodiments of first acquiring the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test luminescence spectrum before performing data processing can be adopted. When performing electroluminescence testing on the first sub-cell connected to the first end of the tandem cell, the electroluminescence spectrum can be directly acquired. Furthermore, the electroluminescence testing of the first sub-cell connected to the first end of the tandem cell can optionally be performed before the electroluminescence testing of the second sub-cell and subsequent sub-cells, or after the electroluminescence testing of the second sub-cell and subsequent sub-cells. This embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0118] It should be understood that Figures 1 to 7 The steps in the solar cell testing method shown in the accompanying text are described sequentially by step number, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order of the step numbers. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps; these steps may be executed in other orders. Furthermore, at least a portion of each step may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages do not necessarily need to be completed at the same time, but may be executed at different times. These sub-steps or stages do not necessarily need to be executed sequentially, but may be executed in rotation or alternation with other steps or at least a portion of their sub-steps or stages.

[0119] In order to more clearly illustrate the solar cell detection method provided in the embodiments of the present application, some possible implementation methods of stacked cells are exemplified in the following embodiments.

[0120] For example, see Figure 8 The stacked battery includes a perovskite sub-cell and a crystalline silicon sub-cell; wherein the crystalline silicon sub-cell is located on the side of the perovskite sub-cell for connecting to the positive electrode of the test power supply.

[0121] It's understood that during the preparation and use of tandem cells, perovskite subcells are typically placed on the top layer, while crystalline silicon subcells are typically placed on the bottom layer. This allows the shortest-wavelength sunlight signals to be absorbed and utilized by the perovskite subcells first, allowing longer-wavelength sunlight signals to penetrate and be absorbed and utilized by the crystalline silicon subcells, thereby maximizing the conversion of light energy into electrical energy. Figure 9 A film structure of a tandem cell is exemplarily provided. The tandem cell is a two-terminal perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem cell, comprising a crystalline silicon subcell 100, an intermediate composite layer 200, and a perovskite subcell 300 stacked in sequence. The crystalline silicon subcell 100 comprises a crystalline silicon absorber layer 110, a first passivation contact layer 120 disposed on the side of the crystalline silicon absorber layer 110 facing away from the intermediate composite layer 200, a second passivation contact layer 130 disposed on the side of the crystalline silicon absorber layer 110 close to the intermediate composite layer 200, and a transparent conductive layer 140 disposed on the side of the first passivation contact layer 120 facing away from the crystalline silicon absorber layer 110. The perovskite subcell 300 includes: a perovskite absorber layer 310, a hole transport layer 320 disposed on the side of the perovskite absorber layer 310 close to the intermediate composite layer 200, and a third passivation contact layer 330, an electron transport layer 340, a buffer layer 350, a conductive oxide layer 360, and an anti-reflection layer 370 stacked in sequence on the side of the perovskite absorber layer 310 away from the intermediate composite layer 200. Figure 9 The stacked battery further includes a first electrode 400 connected to the transparent conductive layer 140 , and a second electrode 500 connected to the conductive oxide layer 360 .

[0122] Based on this, it can be understood that as a thin-film battery, the perovskite sub-cell 300 is susceptible to uneven distribution of its film layer. If a conventional electroluminescence test is performed on the perovskite sub-cell 300, this uneven distribution of the film layer can easily lead to different breakdown voltages and breakdown currents corresponding to different parts of the perovskite sub-cell 300. That is, after applying the test voltage and test current, it is possible that a portion of the perovskite sub-cell 300 has broken down while other parts have not yet turned on. This can cause the directly acquired electroluminescence spectrum to be overexposed or abnormally bright around defects, leading to misjudgments of the battery performance and thin film morphology defect distribution of the perovskite sub-cell 300. For this reason, in the embodiment of the present application, when performing an electroluminescence test on the stacked cell, the crystalline silicon sub-cell is located on the side of the perovskite sub-cell used to connect to the positive electrode of the test power supply, which facilitates direct electroluminescence testing of the crystalline silicon sub-cell, while the electroluminescence test of the perovskite sub-cell is performed by first obtaining the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test luminescence spectrum and then performing data processing, thereby accurately obtaining the electroluminescence spectrum of the perovskite sub-cell.

[0123] Figure 10 Exemplarily provided Figure 8 An equivalent circuit diagram of the stacked battery shown. Figure 10 , the crystalline silicon sub-cell can be equivalent to the first diode D1, the perovskite sub-cell can be equivalent to the second diode D2, and the intermediate composite layer between the crystalline silicon sub-cell and the perovskite sub-cell can be equivalent to the third diode D3 set in reverse. In this way, assuming that a conventional electroluminescence test is performed on the perovskite sub-cell, it is necessary to reversely break down the third diode D3 to form a current path between the first diode D1 and the second diode D2. However, in the embodiment of the present application, the perovskite sub-cell is used as the sub-cell to be tested and the crystalline silicon sub-cell is used as the associated sub-cell. After applying the first excitation light to the stacked cell to excite the perovskite sub-cell and the crystalline silicon sub-cell into a light-emitting state, please refer to Figure 11 The equivalent diodes of the perovskite sub-cell and the crystalline silicon sub-cell are both in the on state, and a power supply path of an equivalent current source can be formed next to the third diode D3 equivalent to the intermediate composite layer, so that the test luminescence spectrum of the perovskite sub-cell can be obtained without reverse breakdown of the third diode D3, and data processing can be performed based on the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test luminescence spectrum of the perovskite sub-cell, so as to accurately obtain the electroluminescence spectrum of the perovskite sub-cell.

[0124] For example, see Figure 12 The stacked battery includes a first bandgap sub-battery and a second bandgap sub-battery; wherein the bandgap of the first bandgap sub-battery is smaller than the bandgap of the second bandgap sub-battery, and the first bandgap sub-battery is located on a side of the second bandgap sub-battery for connecting to the positive pole of the test power supply.

[0125] Optionally, the first bandgap sub-cell includes but is not limited to a crystalline silicon sub-cell, a narrow bandgap perovskite sub-cell, an organic solar sub-cell, a copper-zinc-tin-sulfur thin film sub-cell or a copper-indium-gallium-selenide thin film sub-cell.

[0126] Optionally, the second bandgap sub-cell includes but is not limited to a wide bandgap perovskite sub-cell.

[0127] Optionally, the stacked cell includes multiple sub-cells with different band gaps, where the band gap of each sub-cell varies from small to large along the stacking direction. During the preparation and use of the stacked cell, the sub-cell with the largest band gap is typically located on the top layer, and the sub-cell with the smallest band gap is typically located on the bottom layer. This allows the shortest wavelength solar light signal to be absorbed and utilized first by the sub-cell with the largest band gap, allowing solar light signals with gradually increasing wavelengths to penetrate and be absorbed and utilized layer by layer by sub-cells with gradually decreasing band gaps, thereby maximizing the conversion of light energy into electrical energy. Furthermore, when performing electroluminescence testing on the stacked cell, the first end of the sub-cell with the smallest band gap is connected to the positive terminal of the test power supply, and the second end of the sub-cell with the largest band gap is connected to the negative terminal of the test power supply.

[0128] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the band gap range of the first band gap sub-cell includes 1.0 eV to 1.2 eV, for example, 1.0 eV, 1.1 eV, or 1.2 eV. The band gap range of the second band gap sub-cell includes 1.6 eV to 1.8 eV, for example, 1.6 eV, 1.7 eV, or 1.8 eV.

[0129] Optionally, the band gap range of the sub-cell to be tested includes 1.6 eV to 1.8 eV, for example, 1.7 eV. The excitation spectrum range of the sub-cell to be tested is, for example, 300 nm to 800 nm, and the wavelength range of the output light of the sub-cell to be tested is, for example, 650 nm to 850 nm. The band gap range of the associated sub-cell includes 1.0 eV to 1.0 eV, for example, 1.1 eV. The excitation spectrum range of the associated sub-cell is, for example, 300 nm to 1100 nm, and the wavelength range of the output light of the associated sub-cell is, for example, 1000 nm to 1200 nm.

[0130] Accordingly, the wavelength range of the first excitation light includes but is not limited to 300 nm to 650 nm, for example, 530 nm. The target filter corresponding to the sub-cell to be tested can select light signals with wavelengths of 600 nm to 800 nm to pass through.

[0131] Some embodiments of the present application also provide a solar cell detection system applied to a stacked cell, the stacked cell comprising at least two sub-cells stacked in sequence. The solar cell detection system is used to implement the solar cell detection method described in some of the above embodiments. The solar cell detection system has the technical advantages of the solar cell detection method described above. In addition, the technical solutions involved in the solar cell detection system can also be understood in combination with the related contents in the above solar cell detection method, which will not be described in detail here.

[0132] Please refer to Figure 13 , the solar cell detection system comprises a controllable light source 10, a spectrum acquisition device 20 and a detection processing device 30.

[0133] The controllable light source 10 is configured to emit first excitation light to the stacked cell in response to an electroluminescence test instruction, the first excitation light being used to at least excite the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell to be in a light-emitting state; wherein the associated sub-cell and the sub-cell to be tested are arranged adjacent to each other along the sub-cell current transmission direction corresponding to the test electrical signal.

[0134] The spectrum acquisition device 20 is configured to obtain the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, and obtain the test out-light spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to the first test electrical signal.

[0135] The detection processing device 30 is connected with the controllable light source 10 and the spectrum acquisition device 20, and is configured to send an electroluminescence test instruction to the controllable light source; apply a first test electrical signal to the stacked cell in response to the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell being in a light-emitting state; and determine the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested according to the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test out-light spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested.

[0136] Optionally, the detection processing device 30 determines the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested according to the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test out-light spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested, comprising: obtaining the light-emitting data of the sub-cell to be tested in the first photoluminescence spectrum as first data; obtaining the light-emitting data of the sub-cell to be tested in the test out-light spectrum as second data; and determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested according to the data difference between the second data and the first data.

[0137] In some embodiments of the present application, the controllable light source 10 is also configured to emit first excitation light capable of exciting each sub-cell to be in a light-emitting state to the stacked cell in response to the electroluminescence test instruction.

[0138] In some embodiments of the present application, the light-incident side of the spectrum acquisition device 20 is provided with a filter placement portion, wherein the filter placement portion is used to accommodate a target filter. The target filter corresponds one-to-one with the sub-cell under test and is configured to select the outgoing light signal passing through the sub-cell under test. Accordingly, the spectrum acquisition device 20 is configured to respectively acquire the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light output spectrum of the sub-cell under test based on the target filter.

[0139] In some embodiments of the present application, the detection and processing device 30 is further configured to send a photoluminescence test instruction to the controllable light source 10. The controllable light source 10 is further configured to emit a second excitation light toward the tandem cell in response to the photoluminescence test instruction. The spectrum acquisition device 20 is further configured to acquire a second photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell under test in response to the photoluminescence test instruction.

[0140] Optionally, the wavelength of the second excitation light is the same as the wavelength of the first excitation light. Accordingly, the spectrum acquisition device 20 acquires the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, including: in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, using the second photoluminescence spectrum as the first photoluminescence spectrum.

[0141] In some embodiments of the present application, the laminated battery includes a first terminal for connecting to the positive electrode of a test power source, and a second terminal for connecting to the negative electrode of the test power source. The sub-cell to be tested is the Nth sub-cell connected to the first terminal, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. Accordingly, the detection and processing device 30 is further configured to apply a second test electrical signal to the first and second terminals of the laminated battery, so that the spectrum acquisition device directly acquires the electroluminescence spectrum of the first sub-cell connected to the first terminal in response to the second test electrical signal.

[0142] In the description of this specification, the descriptions with reference to the terms "some embodiments," "some examples," "exemplarily," etc., mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0143] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0144] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the scope of the present application, and such modifications and improvements are all within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell detection method, applied to stacked cells; The stacked battery comprises: At least two sub-cells stacked in sequence; characterized in that the solar cell detection method comprises: In response to an electroluminescence test instruction, obtaining a first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested; Applying a first excitation light to the stacked cell to excite at least the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell to be in a light-emitting state; the associated sub-cell and the sub-cell to be tested are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along a sub-cell current transmission direction corresponding to a test electrical signal; Applying a first test electrical signal to the stacked cell to obtain a test light output spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested; Determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light emission spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested, comprising: acquiring luminescence data of the sub-cell to be tested in the first photoluminescence spectrum as first data; acquiring luminescence data of the sub-cell to be tested in the test light emission spectrum as second data; and determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on a data difference between the second data and the first data; The stacked battery includes a first end for connecting to the positive pole of the test power supply and a second end for connecting to the negative pole of the test power supply; the sub-battery to be tested is the Nth sub-battery connected to the first end, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

2. The solar cell detection method according to claim 1, wherein: The associated sub-battery is located on a side of the sub-battery to be tested that is used for connecting to the positive electrode of a test power source; and the number of the associated sub-battery is one or more.

3. The solar cell detection method according to claim 1, wherein: The step of applying the first excitation light to the stack battery to at least excite the sub-battery to be tested and the associated sub-battery to be in a luminous state further includes: applying the first excitation light to the stack battery to excite all the sub-batteries of the stack battery to be in a luminous state.

4. The solar cell detection method according to claim 1, wherein: The wavelength of the first excitation light is within the excitation spectrum range of the sub-cell to be measured, and the wavelength of the first excitation light is greater than the wavelength of the excitation light of the associated sub-cell.

5. The solar cell detection method according to claim 1, wherein: The first test electrical signal includes a test voltage and / or a test current; wherein, The test voltage has a value range of: 0.1% to 200%, 0.1% to 120%, 0.1% to 100%, or 5% to 30% of the open circuit voltage of the stacked battery; The value range of the test current includes: 0.1%~200%, 0.1%~120%, 0.1%~100% or 5%~30% of the short-circuit current of the stacked battery.

6. The solar cell detection method according to claim 1, wherein: Obtaining the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light emission spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested includes: A target filter is provided on the light incident side of the spectrum acquisition device; wherein the target filter corresponds one-to-one to the sub-cell to be measured, and the target filter is configured to select the outgoing light signal passing through the sub-cell to be measured; The first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light emission spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested are respectively acquired based on the target filter.

7. The solar cell detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: In response to a photoluminescence test instruction, applying a second excitation light to the stacked battery; Based on the target filter, a second photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested for the photoluminescence test is obtained.

8. The solar cell detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The wavelength of the second excitation light is the same as the wavelength of the first excitation light; wherein, The acquiring the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to the electroluminescence test instruction includes: using the second photoluminescence spectrum as the first photoluminescence spectrum in response to the electroluminescence test instruction.

9. The solar cell detection method according to claim 1, wherein: The solar cell detection method further includes: applying a second test electrical signal to the first end and the second end of the stack battery; The electroluminescence spectrum of the first sub-cell connected to the first end is directly acquired.

10. The solar cell detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The stacked cell includes a perovskite sub-cell and a crystalline silicon sub-cell; wherein the crystalline silicon sub-cell is located on a side of the perovskite sub-cell that is used to connect to the positive electrode of a test power supply.

11. The solar cell detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The stacked battery includes a first bandgap sub-battery and a second bandgap sub-battery; wherein the bandgap of the first bandgap sub-battery is smaller than the bandgap of the second bandgap sub-battery, and the first bandgap sub-battery is located on a side of the second bandgap sub-battery for connecting to the positive electrode of a test power supply.

12. The solar cell detection method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The band gap range of the first band gap sub-battery includes 1.0eV~1.2eV; The band gap range of the second band gap sub-battery includes 1.6eV~1.8eV.

13. The solar cell detection method according to claim 11, wherein: The band gap range of the sub-cell to be tested includes 1.6eV~1.8eV; the wavelength range of the first excitation light includes 300nm~650nm.

14. A solar cell detection system, applied to a stacked cell, the stacked cell comprising: At least two sub-cells stacked in sequence; characterized in that the solar cell detection system includes: A controllable light source is configured to: emit a first excitation light toward the stacked battery in response to an electroluminescence test instruction, the first excitation light being used to excite at least a sub-cell to be tested and an associated sub-cell into a luminous state; wherein the associated sub-cell and the sub-cell to be tested are sequentially arranged adjacent to each other along a sub-cell current transmission direction corresponding to the test electrical signal; the stacked battery includes a first terminal for connecting to a positive electrode of a test power source, and a second terminal for connecting to a negative electrode of the test power source; the sub-cell to be tested is the Nth sub-cell connected to the first terminal, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; a spectrum acquisition device configured to: acquire a first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, and acquire a test light emission spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to a first test electrical signal; A detection and processing device is connected to the controllable light source and the spectrum acquisition device, and is configured to: send the electroluminescence test instruction to the controllable light source; apply the first test electrical signal to the stacked battery in response to the sub-cell to be tested and the associated sub-cell being in a luminous state; and determine the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested and the test light emission spectrum, including: obtaining luminescence data of the sub-cell to be tested in the first photoluminescence spectrum as first data, obtaining luminescence data of the sub-cell to be tested in the test light emission spectrum as second data, and determining the electroluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on a data difference between the second data and the first data.

15. The solar cell detection system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The controllable light source is further configured to emit the first excitation light capable of stimulating each of the sub-cells to be in a light-emitting state toward the stacked cell in response to the electroluminescence test instruction.

16. The solar cell detection system according to claim 14, wherein: The light incident side of the spectrum acquisition device is provided with a filter placement portion; wherein, The filter placement portion is used to place a target filter; the target filter corresponds to the sub-cell to be tested one by one and is configured to select the outgoing light signal passing through the sub-cell to be tested; The spectrum acquisition device is configured to respectively acquire the first photoluminescence spectrum and the test light emission spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested based on the target filter.

17. The solar cell detection system according to claim 16, wherein: The detection processing device is further configured to: send a photoluminescence test instruction to the controllable light source; The controllable light source is further configured to: emit a second excitation light toward the stacked battery in response to the photoluminescence test instruction; The spectrum acquisition device is further configured to acquire a second photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to the photoluminescence test instruction.

18. The solar cell detection system according to claim 17, wherein: The wavelength of the second excitation light is the same as the wavelength of the first excitation light; The spectrum acquisition device acquires the first photoluminescence spectrum of the sub-cell to be tested in response to the electroluminescence test instruction, including: taking the second photoluminescence spectrum as the first photoluminescence spectrum in response to the electroluminescence test instruction.

19. The solar cell detection system according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein: The detection and processing device is further configured to apply a second test electrical signal to the first and second ends of the stacked battery, so that the spectrum acquisition device directly acquires the electroluminescence spectrum of the first sub-battery connected to the first end in response to the second test electrical signal.

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