Biological improvement method for heavily polluted or saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological improvement method for heavily-polluted or saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) leveling land, and spreading organic manure; (2) cultivating naturally growing weeds, uniformly scattering bacterial powder containing active saccharomycetes on vegetation, and performing deep rotary tillage fermentation cultivation by using a rotary cultivator; (3) after 45 days of fermentation, rotary tillage is performed, and deep grooves are formed to bury organic fertilizer; and (4) making drainage ditches for alkali reduction, fattening and bacterium cultivation. According to the method, natural alkali reduction is achieved through rainwater or artificial repeated irrigation and outward drainage through the drainage ditches, meanwhile, straw and biological corpses are continuously fermented to generate elements needed by plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, under the action that organic fertilizer is continuously and naturally fermented for circularly increasing the fertility and producing bacteria, and the yield of the plants is increased. And the heavy saline-alkali soil quickly becomes an efficient fertile field to achieve the purposes of high yield and high income.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a biological improvement method for heavily polluted or saline-alkali soil. Background Art

[0003] It is well known that conventional plants cannot adapt to polluted soil or heavy saline-alkali land with poor soil environment. It is necessary to build pools or fish ponds to let rainwater wash and settle to reduce the alkali. Although this is low-cost, it not only slows down the alkali reduction, but also the land cannot be plowed for a long time, and the beneficial growth bacteria cannot get normal active oxygen reproduction and replacement, thus forming "dead soil". At present, there are many "improvers" and "improved waste materials" in the industry, exaggerating their improvement effects. As we all know, heavy saline-alkali land is naturally available. If you want to successfully improve it permanently, you must let the land continuously produce "activity", "breathe" and produce active protein-like organisms. Therefore, you need to "cultivate bacteria" in the current environment to which you are adapted. Only in this way can active bacteria adapt to the environment and continue year after year.

[0004] In order to transform heavily saline-alkali land into fertile land where general plants can grow through artificial improvement, we must intervene artificially to accelerate the reduction of alkalinity, artificially increase oxygen and cultivate bacteria, and then use the cultivated active bacteria to devour the contaminated soil and reshape it into organic fertilizer to attract organic organisms like earthworms again, thus forming a natural cycle, making the land active, and successfully improving the contaminated soil or heavily saline-alkali soil into fertile farmland.

[0005] Therefore, how to permanently improve the heavy saline-alkali soil is still a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by technicians in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a biological improvement method for heavily polluted or saline-alkali soil. In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical scheme is proposed:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for biologically improving soil in heavily polluted or saline-alkali land, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Level the land, spread organic manure, and after deep plowing the land, dig drainage ditches with a depth of more than 40 cm every 4 to 6 meters in the forward direction, and dig horizontal drainage ditches with a depth of more than 120 cm every 80 to 120 meters in the forward direction;

[0009] (2) Cultivate naturally growing weeds. When the weeds reach 30 - 50 cm in height, evenly sprinkle the bacterial powder containing active yeast on the vegetation, then use a rotary tiller for deep tillage, and use a wheat press for even and firm compaction. While burying, leave a drainage ditch every 5 - 7 meters to keep the soil sealed for fermentation;

[0010] (3) After 45 days of fermentation is completed, till and dig deep trenches to bury organic fertilizer;

[0011] (4) Make a drainage ditch for alkali reduction, fertilizer cultivation, and bacteria cultivation. Continuing from the above, after spreading the feces into the trench, cover it with the soil on both sides of the trench and evenly cover it with a slope extending to both sides by 15 - 25 cm. After covering, make the upper part form a drainage ditch with a width of 1.5 - 2 meters and a depth of 40 cm.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the active yeast generated by fermenting organic domestic waste and straw is used, and then mixed with crushed straw powder to make bacterial powder.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), there is a deep trench about every 6 meters, the trench width is about 40 cm, and the depth is 100 cm (the depth depends on the land quality requirements). Then spread 40 cm of organic feces into the trench..

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the organic fertilizer is the unfermented dry feces of herbivores.

[0015] Through repeated irrigation by rainwater or manually, and discharged through the drainage ditch, natural alkali reduction is formed. At the same time, under the action of the continuous natural fermentation, cycling, and fertilizer increasing of the organic fertilizer and the production of bacteria, straw and biological corpses are continuously fermented to produce elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required by plants, so that the saline - alkali land is quickly transformed into highly efficient farmland to achieve the purpose of high yield and high income. Specific Embodiments

[0016] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended invention purpose, the following takes preferred embodiments to detail the specific embodiments, technical solutions, features, and their effects of the application according to the present invention as follows. Specific features, structures, or characteristics in the following descriptions can be combined in any suitable form.

[0017] Example 1:

[0018] First, level the saline - alkali land according to the environment and conditions to maintain the balance of dry and wet. When it rains or is irrigated, it can achieve uniform alkali reduction horizontally, and strictly prevent piled - up alkali reduction. The specific steps are as follows:

[0019] Operation after autumn harvest (operate when the temperature is above about 5 degrees Celsius above zero)

[0020] 1. Level the land, make sure it is evenly level and there are no large depressions.

[0021] 2. Spread organic manure (unfermented herbivorous animal feces) all over the floor

[0022] 3. Use large-scale machinery to deep plow the land. After deep plowing, dig drainage ditches with a depth of more than 40 cm every 4 to 6 meters in the forward direction, and dig horizontal drainage ditches with a depth of more than 120 cm every 100 meters or so in the forward direction. Make all the water in the 40 cm troughs drain into the 120 cm horizontal ditches for unified drainage. At the same time, prevent salt precipitation to achieve the effect of cleaning the soil, quickly reducing alkali and filtering, and also bring excellent conditions for the later biological culture. After the above is completed, leave it for 6 months to use bacterial fertilizer (active yeast generated by fermentation of organic domestic waste and straw) to cultivate bacteria and grow green plants suitable for the environment (it is better to manually sow some drought-resistant plants 2-3 months after the completion of the early stage).

[0023] 4. Preparation of amino acids and bacterial powder:

[0024] Several 20-cubic-meter pits are dug in the field, and low-cost plastic films are placed inside to prevent leakage. Rotten fruits and yeast are put in, and after professional fermentation to produce alcohol, low-cost fish, rotten vegetable leaves, green corn stalks and other worthless green plants containing sugar and protein are added, and baking soda is added to seal and ferment again to produce "amino acids" to cultivate and extract active bacteria (active yeast generated by fermentation of organic household waste and straw), and then mixed with crushed straw powder to make bacterial powder.

[0025] 5. When the vegetation (natural weeds) grows to 30-50 cm, evenly sprinkle the prepared bacterial powder on the vegetation, and then use a large rotary tiller to perform deep rotary tillage. In this way, the organic green plants and the previous bacterial powder are buried in the soil. Use a wheat press to compact the soil evenly and tightly to keep it sealed, so that the residue left after turning over can ferment with amino acids or bacterial powder, and the soil can naturally generate active bacteria. After the soil naturally generates active yeast, the soil will be soft and breathable, and organisms will survive in it. While burying, leave drainage ditches every 6 meters or so, and prohibit places with ponds and water when it rains. Let it ferment naturally under sunlight for 45 days, so that it can permanently generate protein active bacteria. The presence of biological survival in the soil is sufficient to prove that the soil has begun to produce air permeability and protein active bacteria nutrition, proving that the conditions for biological survival have begun to be met.

[0026] 6. After 45 days of fermentation, till the soil and dig deep trenches to bury organic fertilizer (unfermented dry feces of herbivorous animals can be used). Dig a deep trench every 6 meters or so, with a width of about 40 cm and a depth of 100 cm (the depth depends on the land quality requirements), and then spread the organic feces 40 cm into the trench.

[0027] 7. Construct a drainage ditch for reducing alkalinity and fattening and culturing bacteria. Continuing from the above, after spreading the feces into the trough, cover it with the soil on both sides of the trough and then evenly cover it with a slope extending to both sides by about 20 cm. After covering, make the whole above form a water ditch with a width of 1.5 meters - 2 meters and a depth of 40 cm.

[0028] 8. Formation of planting ridges. After the above-mentioned drainage ditch is formed, appropriately level the small slopes on both sides (which can be completed in one go with the above 5 and 6).

[0029] The method of the present invention has a great effect on the heavily saline-alkali land. It can save farmers a large amount of fertilization expenditure of more than 60%. When plants need fertilization, the water can be irrigated to 50% of the depth of the water ditch by the water pump and then the fertilizer can be blocked and soaked for 2 - 3 days (or small flying insects of microorganisms appear on the water surface, or the water in the water ditch is absorbed by them), which greatly saves the huge expenditure brought by fertilization. At the same time, it achieves the multiple functions of supplementing fertilizers at any time. Because the herbivore feces are buried, the fermentation is uniform and controllable, and there will be no loss due to the generation of biogas. The upper layer of the soil is soft and breathable due to the action of yeast, and the lower layer of the soil only plays a role in moisturizing and reducing the leakage time of organic fertilizers because there is no deep plowing and no yeast. Therefore, the herbivore feces buried in the soil release fertility evenly under the action of the cultured yeast, and the effective time of the fertilizer is more than 5 years. After 5 years, the content of active yeast remains at 82% of the initial value.

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only for illustration, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the above-mentioned claims.

Claims

1. A method for bioremediating heavily polluted or saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) Level the land, spread organic manure, and after deep plowing the land, dig drainage grooves with a depth greater than 40 cm at intervals of 4 to 6 meters in the forward direction, and dig lateral drainage ditches with a depth greater than 120 cm at intervals of 80 - 120 meters in the forward direction; (2) Cultivate naturally growing weeds. When the weeds reach 30 - 50 cm, evenly sprinkle the bacterial powder containing active yeast on the vegetation, then use a rotary tiller for deep tillage, and use a wheat press to make it uniform and compact to cultivate bacteria under the soil. While burying, leave drainage ditches at intervals of 5 - 7 meters to keep the soil sealed and fermented to achieve the purpose of cultivating bacteria; (3) After 45 days of fermentation, till and dig deep grooves to bury organic fertilizer; (4) Make drainage ditches for alkali reduction, fertilizer application, and bacteria cultivation. Continuing from the above, after spreading the feces into the grooves, cover them with the soil on both sides of the grooves and then evenly cover them with a slope extending to both sides by 15 - 25 cm. After covering, form a water ditch with a width of 1.5 - 2 meters and a depth of 40 cm on the whole.

2. According to the improvement method described in claim 1, in step (2), use the active yeast generated by fermenting organic domestic waste and straw, and then mix it with crushed straw powder to make bacterial powder.

3. According to the improvement method described in claim 1, in step (3), dig a deep groove about every 6 meters, with a groove width of about 40 cm and a depth of 100 cm, and then spread 40 cm of organic manure into the groove.

4. According to the improvement method described in claim 3, in step (3), the organic fertilizer is the dry feces of herbivores that have not been fermented.