Efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of green crisp plums in southern region

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of green crisp plums in the southern region, and relates to the technical field of green crisp plum planting management. The method is suitable for Prunus salicina fruit trees with the tree age of 4 years or above, and comprises the steps of fruit tree pruning, fertilization management, water management and shoot control management. By integrating various management technologies and environment control technologies and combining with a soil moisture content monitoring instrument, the greenhouse height and the film mulching time are effectively adjusted, a multi-time small-amount targeted fertilizer application strategy and a simple pruning technology are adopted, the fruit cracking problem is scientifically solved, and the fruit quality and the yield stability are ensured. The expected goal is achieved through comprehensive measures such as pruning, fertilization, water management of a simple greenhouse and a chemical water-retaining agent, fruit cracking caused by rainfall is effectively reduced, the fruit yield and quality are guaranteed, and therefore economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of the cultivation and management of Qingcui plums, and particularly relates to an efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of Qingcui plums in southern regions. Background Art

[0002] Qingcui plums are mainly distributed in southern regions such as Sichuan and Chongqing, originating from the Sichuan region of China, and are widely planted especially in Maoxian County, Sichuan, Wanzhou, Chongqing, and the Aba region of Sichuan. Although the planting area of Qingcui plums is gradually expanding, due to the limitations of the natural environment in the planting areas, the fruit ripening and marketing season coincides with the rainy season. During the ripening period of Qingcui plums, excessive water absorption due to rainfall leads to fruit cracking and dropping, causing serious economic losses. At the same time, there is a lack of refined management measures for preventing fruit cracking during the rainy season.

[0003] Currently, there is a lack of a management method suitable for preventing fruit cracking, ensuring yield, and improving quality in plum orchards in high-temperature and rainy southern regions. There is a lack of reasonable arrangements for how to build a greenhouse with a reasonable height, little impact on production, and small economic investment, as well as how to avoid rain and fertilize. The present invention conducts research on the rainfall in the south and the growth of Qingcui plum trees to avoid fruit cracking and yield reduction caused by rainfall. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of Qingcui plums in southern regions, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background art, effectively reduce fruit cracking caused by rainfall, ensure the fruit yield and quality, and thus improve economic benefits.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of Qingcui plums in southern regions, which manages Qingcui plum trees with a tree age of 4 years or above, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] A. Fruit tree pruning: Conduct winter pruning 10 - 15 days after the tree completely goes dormant, that is, after the leaves fall. The main tree shape is the open center shape. Leave 3 - 5 main branches on the main trunk, distributed staggeredly, with a vertical distance of 10 - 15 cm between the upper and lower branches. Retain the short fruit branches on the main branches. The main branches form an angle of about 30° - 40° with the main trunk; retain 2 - 3 lateral branches on each main branch, distributed on both sides of the main branch and extending obliquely outward. The first lateral branch is 60 cm away from the main trunk, and the second lateral branch is 30 - 40 cm away from the first lateral branch. The lateral branches are evenly distributed on both sides to avoid crossing and disrupting the tree shape. Cultivate fruit-bearing branch groups on the lateral branches; the trunk height is about 40 - 60 cm, and the tree height is 2.5 - 3.0 m, solving the internal light of the tree and overall restricting the tree height;

[0008] B. Fertilization management: Apply basal fertilizer after fruit harvesting until before defoliation, that is, before mid-November, with 3 - 5 (kg / plant) of organic fertilizer + 0.5 - 0.6 (kg / plant) of conventional urea + 0.2 - 0.3 (kg / plant) of slow-release and controlled-release urea; apply germination fertilizer 10 - 15 days before the germination of spring buds; apply fruit swelling fertilizer 40 - 55 days before fruit harvesting; both the germination fertilizer and the fruit swelling fertilizer are high-potassium compound fertilizers, and the dosage per plant is 0.1 - 0.3 kg; spray calcium fertilizer 15 - 20 days before fruit harvesting, and the concentration is 0.1% - 0.2%;

[0009] Further, the organic fertilizer is humic acid-based organic fertilizer or acidic compost such as rapeseed cake, with 6 < pH < 7.

[0010] Further, the release period of the slow-release and controlled-release urea is 30 - 60 days, the total amount of nitrogen provided by the basal fertilizer accounts for 60 - 80% of the whole year, and the nitrogen provided by the slow-release and controlled-release urea accounts for 20 - 30% of the whole year.

[0011] Further, the potassium content of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is ≥20%.

[0012] Further, the calcium fertilizer is chelated calcium or amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer.

[0013] Further, the basal fertilizer is applied by trench application, and the trench depth is 0.3 - 0.5 m.

[0014] C. Water management:

[0015] C-1 Facility cultivation: Priority is given to greenhouse management. The greenhouse is a steel-frame open greenhouse, which includes columns, support columns, side columns, pressure bars, arch tops, and rain-proof membranes inserted into the ground; the columns are arranged in rows and columns according to the management row spacing of brittle plums to ensure that the fruit trees are 30 - 50 cm away from the greenhouse top, the greenhouse height is 4 - 4.5 m, and only the greenhouse top is covered with a film; the soil moisture monitoring instrument mainly measures the soil moisture content and air humidity. The soil moisture content ranges from 10% - 25%. After the hardening period of the fruit, the soil water content is higher than 25%, and when the water fluctuation range exceeds 5%, film covering measures are taken. When it is lower than 10%, appropriate irrigation is carried out.

[0016] C-2 Open-field cultivation: In the case of not using facilities such as greenhouses, apply 30 - 50 (g / plant) of water-retaining agent, broadcast 80 - 100 g of green manure per plant within the range of 15 - 30 cm outside the drip line of the fruit tree trunk, and the surface film covering range is within the range of 15 - 30 cm outside the drip line of the fruit tree trunk.

[0017] Further, the water-retaining agent includes but is not limited to: materials with water absorption, water storage, and pollution-free properties such as polyacrylamide and superabsorbent resin.

[0018] Further, the green manure includes but is not limited to: winter green manure such as common vetch.

[0019] Further, the plastic film adopts a double-sided anti-reflection film made of PE with a thickness > 0.02 mm.

[0020] Further, both are provided with a water channel 40 - 50 cm deep and 20 - 30 cm wide according to the terrain. The tree roots are ridged and the soil is banked up with the tree roots as the center, forming an angle of 10 - 15° with the ground, and the height of the ridged soil layer does not exceed the rootstock interface.

[0021] D. Shoot control management: Manual shoot removal and bud removal are carried out in mid-March; or when the shoots are 3 - 5 cm long, chemical shoot control is carried out with drugs such as paclobutrazol, ethephon, uniconazole, mepiquat chloride, and chlormequat chloride.

[0022] Compared with the existing methods, its measures are more targeted and specific as follows:

[0023] (1) The pruning method provided by the present invention ensures the fruit setting amount, avoids the excessive growth of spring shoots in the coming year, and ensures suitable facility cultivation.

[0024] (2) In step B of the present invention, the base fertilizer is applied after fruit harvesting and before leaf fall, which restores the tree vigor and improves the resistance of the tree body; at the same time, this period is the peak period of root growth, which can promote root growth, store nutrients, prepare for flower bud differentiation in the second year, and the stable release of nitrogen fertilizer ensures sufficient nutrients for fruit swelling.

[0025] (3) The suitable pH range for plum tree growth is 6.5 - 7. After long-term management, the soil gradually becomes alkaline, which will lead to iron deficiency in the soil and yellowing of leaves, etc. The present invention uses humic acid organic fertilizers or acidic farmyard fertilizers such as rapeseed cake to effectively improve the soil and achieve continuous production.

[0026] (4) The core measures for preventing fruit cracking in the present invention are divided into facility cultivation and open-field cultivation, providing an effective option for small farmers to reduce costs.

[0027] (5) The present invention defines the effective height and film covering time in the construction of the greenhouse, saves the construction cost, avoids excessive influence of the greenhouse on the fruit quality, and ensures the effect of preventing fruit cracking.

[0028] (6) The shoot control method described in step D of the present invention is to remove the overgrown branches of the fruit tree, avoid excessive consumption of nutrients by the overgrown branches, ensure the nutrient supply of the fruit, and provide a reasonable harvesting environment.

[0029] (7) The measures provided by the present invention can control the fruit cracking rate below 10% and 45% under the conditions of facility cultivation and open-field cultivation.

[0030] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] The present invention provides an efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of Qingcui plums in the southern region. By integrating various management techniques and environmental control techniques, the fruit cracking rate during the maturity period of Qingcui plums is significantly reduced, the fruit yield is increased, and the fruit quality is ensured. Through comprehensive measures such as pruning, fertilization, water management, simple greenhouses, and chemical water retainers, the expected goals are achieved. This method effectively reduces fruit cracking caused by rainfall, ensures the fruit yield and quality, and thus improves economic benefits.

[0032] By combining soil moisture monitoring instruments, the present invention effectively adjusts the height of the greenhouse and the film covering time, and scientifically solves the problem of fruit cracking, ensuring the stability of fruit quality and yield. Through systematic water management, measures such as facilities, terrain, ditches, green manure, and water retainers are used to effectively control the soil moisture content and the humidity of the tree crown, effectively preventing fruit cracking caused by rainfall during the rainy season. In terms of fertilization management, the present invention adopts a strategy of applying fertilizers in small amounts multiple times and targeted fertilization, as well as simple pruning techniques, aiming to increase the yield, ensure the quality, and reduce the risk of fruit cracking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of soil moisture monitoring in a steel-frame greenhouse;

[0034] Figure 2 It is the soil moisture condition under the comprehensive management of protected cultivation in Example 1.

[0035] Figure 3 It is the soil moisture condition under the improved open cultivation management in Comparative Example 1;

[0036] Figure 4 It is the soil moisture condition under the management of farmers without rain shelter in Comparative Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of this invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit this invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] An efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of Qingcui plums in the southern region. First, greenhouse management is adopted, and the following management is carried out for Qingcui plum trees with a tree age of 4 years or more:

[0041] A. Fruit tree pruning: Winter pruning is carried out 10 - 15 days after the tree has completely gone dormant, that is, when the leaves have fallen. The main shape of the tree is an open center shape. Leave 3 - 5 main branches on the main trunk, distributed staggeredly, with a vertical distance of 10 - 15 cm between them. Retain the short fruit branches on the main branches, and the angle between the main branches and the main trunk is about 30° - 40°; Retain 2 - 3 lateral branches on each main branch, distributed on both sides of the main branch and extending obliquely outwards. The first lateral branch is 60 cm away from the main trunk, and the second lateral branch is 30 - 40 cm away from the first lateral branch. The lateral branches are evenly distributed on both sides to avoid crossing and disrupting the tree shape. Cultivate fruit-bearing branch groups on the lateral branches; The height of the trunk is about 40 - 60 cm, and the height of the tree is 2.5 - 3.0 m to solve the internal lighting of the tree and overall limit the tree height.

[0042] B. Fertilization management: Apply basal fertilizer from after fruit harvest to before leaf fall, that is, before mid-November, with 3 - 5 (kg / plant) of organic fertilizer + 0.5 - 0.6 (kg / plant) of conventional urea + 0.2 - 0.3 (kg / plant) of slow-release and controlled-release urea; Apply germination fertilizer 10 - 15 days before the germination of spring buds; Apply fruit-thickening fertilizer 40 - 55 days before fruit harvest; Both the germination fertilizer and the fruit-thickening fertilizer are high-potassium compound fertilizers, with a dosage of 0.1 - 0.3 kg per plant; Spray calcium fertilizer 15 - 20 days before fruit harvest, with a concentration of 0.1% - 0.2%;

[0043] The organic fertilizer is humic acid-based organic fertilizer or acidic compost such as rapeseed cake, with 6 < pH < 7.

[0044] The release period of the slow-release and controlled-release urea is 30 - 60 days. The total amount of nitrogen provided by the basal fertilizer accounts for 60 - 80% of the whole year, and the nitrogen provided by the slow-release and controlled-release urea accounts for 20 - 30% of the whole year.

[0045] The potassium content of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is ≥20%.

[0046] The calcium fertilizer is chelated calcium or amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer.

[0047] The basal fertilizer is applied by trench application, with a trench depth of 0.3 - 0.5 m.

[0048] C. Water management:

[0049] Facility cultivation: Priority should be given to greenhouse management. The greenhouse is a steel-frame open greenhouse, which includes columns, support columns, side columns, pressure bars, vaults, and rain-proof membranes inserted into the ground. The columns are arranged in rows and columns according to the management row and column spacing of crispy plums, ensuring that the fruit trees are 30 - 50 cm away from the greenhouse roof, the greenhouse height is 4 - 4.5 m, and only the roof of the greenhouse is covered with a film. The soil moisture monitoring instrument mainly measures the soil moisture content and air humidity. The soil moisture content ranges from 10% - 25%. After the hardening period of the fruit, if the soil water content is higher than 25% and the moisture fluctuation range exceeds 5%, film covering measures should be taken; if it is lower than 10%, appropriate irrigation should be carried out.

[0050] A water channel with a depth of 40 - 50 cm and a width of 20 - 30 cm is set according to the terrain. Ridges are formed around the tree roots, with the tree roots as the center and an angle of 10 - 15° with the ground. The height of the ridged soil layer does not exceed the rootstock interface.

[0051] Control Example 1

[0052] An efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of Qingcui plums in the southern region. Greenhouse management is not adopted. The following management is carried out for Qingcui plum fruit trees with a tree age of 4 years and above:

[0053] A. Fruit tree pruning: Winter pruning is carried out 10 - 15 days after the tree has completely gone dormant, that is, after the leaves have fallen. The open-center tree shape is mainly adopted. Leave 3 - 5 main branches on the main trunk, distributed staggeredly, with a vertical distance of 10 - 15 cm. Retain the short fruit branches on the main branches. The main branches form an angle of about 30° - 40° with the main trunk. Retain 2 - 3 lateral branches on each main branch, distributed on both sides of the main branch and extending obliquely outwards. The first lateral branch is 60 cm away from the main trunk, and the second lateral branch is 30 - 40 cm away from the first lateral branch. The lateral branches are evenly distributed on both sides to avoid crossing and disrupting the tree shape. Cultivate fruit-bearing branch groups on the lateral branches. The trunk height is about 40 - 60 cm, and the tree height is 2.5 - 3.0 m to solve the internal light of the tree and overall limit the tree height.

[0054] B. Fertilization management: Apply basal fertilizer from after fruit harvesting to before leaf fall, that is, before mid-November, with 3 - 5 (kg / plant) of organic fertilizer + 0.5 - 0.6 (kg / plant) of conventional urea + 0.2 - 0.3 (kg / plant) of slow-release and controlled-release urea; Apply germination fertilizer 10 - 15 days before the germination of spring buds; Apply fruit-thickening fertilizer 40 - 55 days before fruit harvesting; Both the germination fertilizer and the fruit-thickening fertilizer are high-potassium compound fertilizers, with a dosage of 0.1 - 0.3 kg per plant; Spray calcium fertilizer 15 - 20 days before fruit harvesting, with a concentration of 0.1% - 0.2%;

[0055] The organic fertilizer is humic acid-based organic fertilizer or acidic compost such as rapeseed cake, with 6 < pH < 7.

[0056] The release period of the slow-release and controlled-release urea is 30 - 60 days. The total amount of nitrogen provided by the basal fertilizer accounts for 60 - 80% of the whole year, and the nitrogen provided by the slow-release and controlled-release urea accounts for 20 - 30% of the whole year.

[0057] The potassium content of the high-potassium compound fertilizer described is ≥20%.

[0058] The calcium fertilizer described is chelated calcium or amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer.

[0059] The base fertilizer is applied by ditch application, and the ditch depth is 0.3 - 0.5 m.

[0060] C. Water management:

[0061] Open-field cultivation: Without using facilities such as greenhouses, apply 30 - 50 (g / plant) of water-retaining agent, broadcast 80 - 100 g of green manure per plant within the range of 15 - 30 cm outside the drip line of the fruit tree trunk, and cover the surface with plastic film within the range of 15 - 30 cm outside the drip line of the fruit tree trunk.

[0062] The agricultural water-retaining agent described is selected from materials such as polyacrylamide and superabsorbent resin that have water absorption, water storage, and no pollution.

[0063] The green manure described is winter green manure such as common vetch.

[0064] The plastic film described is a double-sided anti-reflective film made of PE with a thickness > 0.02 mm.

[0065] Both are provided with a water channel 40 - 50 cm deep and 20 - 30 cm wide according to the terrain, and the soil is ridged around the tree roots, with a 10 - 15° angle with the ground centered on the tree roots, and the height of the ridged soil layer does not exceed the rootstock interface.

[0066] D. Shoot control management: Manually pinch off shoots and buds in mid-March; or use chemicals such as paclobutrazol, ethephon, uniconazole, mepiquat chloride, and chlormequat chloride to control shoots when the shoot length is 3 - 5 cm.

[0067] Control Example 2

[0068] Manage Qingcui plums using the conventional management methods of the management households. The daily management is mainly carried out by management households with above-average local management experience. Some technical key points are as follows:

[0069] The control group conducts conventional pruning, mainly in winter, cutting off diseased branches, weak branches, and overcrowded branches, without specifically stipulating the number of branches and branch lengths retained by the mother branches. The main purpose of pruning is to maintain the tree shape and remove unhealthy branches.

[0070] Only apply ordinary balanced compound fertilizer after fruit harvesting or before budding. The fertilization amount is based on the experience of farmers, and pesticides are used according to traditional management methods.

[0071] The control group does not use a greenhouse and adopts open-field management.

[0072] Application Example 1

[0073] Test site: Orchard of Kuilu Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Yanshan Village, Jiagao Town, Fengjie County, Chongqing.

[0074] Test subjects: Greengage plum orchards that have been managed for 4 years or more. For this experiment, greengage plums with a tree age of 8 - 9 years were selected, and the fruit trees selected were managed in the same year. 30 fruit trees with similar crown widths were selected as test samples. In Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, there were 10 trees for each test. All tests were conducted on the same management base and on the same batch of fruit trees managed in the same year. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 did not use greenhouses, while Example 1 did.

[0075] The fruit cracking rate, fruit quality (size, solid - acid ratio, Vc), and yield were also concerned. The data was collected through regular monitoring and a comprehensive assessment during the fruit harvest season.

[0076] The experimental data tables for Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 (unit price: 3.5 yuan per catty) are shown in Table 1 as follows:

[0077] Table 1

[0078] Index Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Fruit cracking rate 3.29％ 42.3％ 80.75％ Ratio of solid to acid 5.98％ 6.48％ 4.92％ Yield (per plant) 31.1 kg 14.2 kg 4.6 kg Income (per plant) 217.7 yuan 99.4 yuan 32.2 yuan

[0079] According to the results in Table 1, in Example 1, targeted management measures were adopted, such as optimized pruning, fertilization, water management, and the use of greenhouses. These measures significantly improved the fruit quality and fruit yield. The yields were approximately 3 times and 6 times that of the control group respectively. In Comparative Example 1, due to the lack of targeted rain - shelter facilities, although there were water - control management measures, in the case of a long rainy season and large rainfall, the fruit cracking rate was high, there was a lot of fruit drop, and the yield was low. In Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2, the low fruit cracking rate reflects the control measures of the comprehensive management of the invention method, achieving very excellent results. Especially the use of greenhouses reduced the fruit cracking rate by 36% - 39% compared with the open - air measures in Comparative Example 1, and by 74% - 77% compared with the farmers' customary management in Comparative Example 2; Comparative Example 1 reduced it by nearly 40% compared with Comparative Example 2. The improvement of management measures has a positive impact on reducing the fruit cracking rate and increasing the yield. In the traditional management method of Comparative Example 2, there was insufficient water management, resulting in a high fruit cracking rate, which seriously affected the economic benefits. In terms of fruit quality (solid - acid ratio), due to the optimization of nutrient supply and growth environment, the fruit quality in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was better than that in Comparative Example 2, and the solid - acid ratio was 10% - 30% higher than that in Comparative Example 2. Due to the guarantee of yield, the economic value of the fruit per plant with comprehensive rain - shelter treatment was 118.3 yuan higher than that with improved management measures per plant, and about 180 yuan higher than that without rain - shelter.

[0080] Determination results of soil water content map

[0081] For Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2, in terms of the control effect of soil moisture, it was obvious that facilities were better than open - air and open - air was better than non - rain - shelter. The specific results are shown in Figures 2 - 4。When the weather forecast shows continuous showers, heavy rains or strong winds of level 3 or above, the effect of open-air rain shelter measures to prevent fruit cracking is relatively poor compared with that of greenhouses. The mountain weather is changeable, and its effect is still significantly insufficient compared with that of facilities.

[0082] Through the above comparison, the significant advantages of the method of the present invention compared with the traditional management method can be more clearly demonstrated, as well as how specific management measures can effectively improve the fruit yield and quality of Qingcui plums.

[0083] The above description is a detailed description of the relatively feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not used to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications completed under the technical spirit prompted by the present invention shall fall within the scope of the patent covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of Qingcui plums in the southern region, which is applicable to Qingcui plum fruit trees with a tree age of 4 years or more, including: A. Fruit tree pruning: Conduct winter pruning 10 - 15 days after the tree has completely entered dormancy, i.e., when the leaves have fallen. The main shape of the tree is an open center shape. Leave 3 - 5 main branches on the main trunk, distributed staggeredly, with a vertical distance of 10 - 15 cm between them. Retain the short fruit branches on the main branches, and the angle between the main branches and the main trunk is 30° - 40°; Retain 2 - 3 lateral branches on each main branch, distributed on both sides of the main branch and extending obliquely outward. The first lateral branch is 60 cm away from the main trunk, and the second lateral branch is 30 - 40 cm away from the first lateral branch. The lateral branches are evenly distributed on both sides, and fruit-bearing branch groups are cultivated on the lateral branches; The trunk height is 40 - 60 cm, and the tree height is 2.5 - 3.0 m; B. Fertilization management: Apply basal fertilizer after fruit harvesting until before leaf fall, i.e., before mid-November, and apply germination fertilizer 10 - 15 days before the germination of spring buds; Apply fruit swelling fertilizer 40 - 55 days before fruit harvesting; Spray calcium fertilizer 15 - 20 days before fruit harvesting; C. Water management: C-1 Protected cultivation: Adopt the coordinated management of a greenhouse and a soil moisture monitoring instrument. The height of the greenhouse is 4 - 4.5 m, and the fruit trees are 30 - 50 cm away from the greenhouse roof. Only the roof of the greenhouse is covered with a film; Soil moisture monitoring includes soil water content and air humidity. The range of soil water content is 10% - 25%. After the fruit hardening period, if the soil water content is higher than 25% and the water fluctuation range exceeds 5%, take film covering measures. If it is lower than 10%, irrigate appropriately; C-2 Open-field cultivation: Use water-retaining agents and manage green manure in a coordinated manner, and at the same time conduct surface film covering; D. Shoot control management: Manually remove shoots and buds in mid-March; or use chemicals to control shoots when the shoot length is 3 - 5 cm.

2. The efficient management method according to claim 1, wherein: The application standard of the basal fertilizer described in step B is: 3 - 5 (kg / plant) of organic fertilizer + 0.5 - 0.6 (kg / plant) of conventional urea + 0.2 - 0.3 (kg / plant) of slow-release and controlled-release urea; The application standard of the germination fertilizer is: Apply 0.1 - 0.3 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant; The application standard of the fruit swelling fertilizer is: Apply 0.1 - 0.3 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant; The application standard of the calcium fertilizer is: The concentration is 0.1% - 0.2%.

3. The efficient management method according to claim 2, wherein: The organic fertilizer is humic acid-based organic fertilizer or acidic compost with 6 < pH < 7, and the basal fertilizer is applied by trench application, with the trench depth being 0.3 - 0.5 m; The potassium content of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is ≥20%; The calcium fertilizer is chelated calcium or amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer.

4. The efficient management method according to claim 2, wherein: The release period of the slow-release and controlled-release urea is 30 - 60 days; The total amount of nitrogen provided by the basal fertilizer accounts for 60 - 80% of the whole year; The nitrogen provided by the slow-release and controlled-release urea accounts for 20 - 30% of the whole year.

5. The efficient management method according to claim 1, wherein: The requirements for water management described in step C are: Set up a water channel with a depth of 40 - 50 cm and a width of 20 - 30 cm according to the terrain. Ridge the soil around the tree roots, with the center of the tree roots as the center and an angle of 10 - 15° with the ground. The height of the ridged soil layer does not exceed the rootstock interface.

6. The efficient management method according to claim 1, wherein: The greenhouse described in step C-1 is a steel-frame open greenhouse, including columns, support columns, side columns, pressure bars, vaults, and rain-proof membranes inserted into the ground; the columns are arranged in columns and rows according to the management rows and spacings of the brittle plums.

7. According to the high-efficiency management method described in claim 1, wherein: The dosage of the water-retaining agent described in step C-2 is 30-50 g / plant for each fruit tree; The dosage of the managed green manure is 80-100 g sown per plant, and the sowing range is within 15-30 cm outside the drip line from the fruit tree trunk; The surface film covering range is within 15-30 cm outside the drip line from the fruit tree trunk.

8. According to the high-efficiency management method described in claim 7, wherein: The water-retaining agent described in step C-2 includes: polyacrylamide, superabsorbent resin; The green manure used is winter green manure; The ground film used is a double-sided anti-reflective film.

9. According to the high-efficiency management method described in claim 1, wherein: The drugs described in step D include: paclobutrazol, ethephon, uniconazole, mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride.

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