Interplanting method for sowing oilseed rape before harvesting corn

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to an interplanting method for sowing oilseed rape before corn harvesting, which comprises the following steps: in the corn mature period, sowing the oilseed rape in the field above corn plants by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; before the soil is frozen and rape plants reach a 4-6 leaf period, corn is harvested, and the harvesting height of corn straw is larger than the height of the rape plants; field management of rape is same as field management; in the next year, corn is planted after rape harvesting; by means of the interplanting method, the influence of drought or the land-tendering effect of corn on the oilseed rape can be reduced, on the premise that corn harvesting is not affected, the oilseed rape can be conveniently sown in the optimal sowing time and smoothly emerge, and the crop yield and economic benefits per unit area are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to an intercropping method of sowing rapeseed before corn harvest. Background Art

[0002] During the growth of rapeseed, its roots can secrete some acidic substances, which can neutralize the alkaline components in the soil and reduce the pH value of the soil. Rapeseed has a certain salt-alkali tolerance and can grow in mild and moderate saline-alkali land. Rapeseed is usually sown in autumn. In cooperation with corn, it can achieve two crops a year in saline-alkali land, fully utilize saline-alkali land, and increase output per unit area.

[0003] However, rapeseed has strict requirements for water in the early stage of planting. The traditional sowing method is usually to broadcast after corn is harvested. In drought years, the saline-alkali land surface is exposed after corn is harvested, which accelerates the evaporation of water in the soil and affects the sowing and emergence of rapeseed. In years with more rainfall, corn harvest will be delayed, missing the best sowing period for rapeseed, which is not conducive to the safe wintering and later growth and development of rapeseed.

[0004] Therefore, how to reduce the adverse effects of drought or heavy rainfall on rapeseed in a two-crop planting model of corn and rapeseed per year is an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for intercropping rapeseed before corn harvest, which can reduce the impact of rapeseed on drought or corn land clearance, facilitate rapeseed sowing in the optimal sowing period and smooth germination without affecting the corn harvest, and increase the crop yield per unit area and the economic benefits.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A method for intercropping rapeseed before corn harvest, which mainly comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. During the corn maturity period, use drones to sow rapeseed in the field above the corn plants, and do not harvest the corn after it matures;

[0009] S2. When the field soil is not frozen and the rapeseed plants have reached the 4-6 leaf stage, the corn is harvested, and the harvesting height of the corn stalks is greater than the height of the rapeseed plants;

[0010] S3. The field management of rapeseed is the same as that of field management;

[0011] S4. The following year, corn is planted after rapeseed is harvested.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the corn is harvested when the rapeseed plants reach the 5-leaf stage.

[0013] The UAV is provided with a seed box and a seed dropping device. The seed box is suspended between the landing gears of the UAV. The seed dropping device is arranged below the seed box. The seed inlet of the seed dropping device is connected to the seed discharging port of the seed box. The seed dropping port of the seed dropping device is arranged between the landing gears of the UAV on a horizontal plane, and the seed dropping port is arranged at the rear side of the UAV.

[0014] A seed pushing shaft is vertically arranged inside the seed dropping device. A group of pushing plates are arranged in an array on the seed pushing shaft, and the pushing plates are arranged parallel to the axial direction of the seed pushing shaft.

[0015] The seed inlet is located at the upper end of the seed dropping device and is arranged close to the fixed end of the pushing plate. The seed dropping port is arranged on the side wall of the seed dropping device adjacent to the overhanging end of the pushing plate.

[0016] The inner cavity of the seed box is of a funnel-shaped structure. The seed discharging port is arranged at the bottom of the seed box. The diameter of the seed dropping device is larger than the diameter of the seed discharging port, and the upper end of the seed dropping device is fixedly attached to the seed discharging port.

[0017] A stirring shaft is arranged inside the seed box, and stirring blades are arranged on the stirring shaft.

[0018] The bottom of the stirring blade is slidably and fittingly arranged with the upper end of the seed dropping device.

[0019] The stirring shaft is coaxially connected to the seed pushing shaft.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The present invention uses the method of sowing rapeseed in the field during the mature period of corn. At this time, the growth and development of corn are basically completed, and corn mainly transports and accumulates the nutrients accumulated in the early stage to the grains. The seedlings of rapeseed have less demand for water, light and nutrients, and the emergence process of rapeseed will not have an adverse impact on the yield of corn; Rapeseed is not affected by the land vacating time of corn, enabling rapeseed to be sown within the best sowing period, avoiding insufficient growth period of rapeseed caused by postponed sowing or being unable to safely overwinter, and ensuring the growth cycle of rapeseed; Moreover, the corn leaves can conserve moisture and shade the field soil, reduce the evaporation of water in the field soil, reduce the adverse impact of water shortage in dry years on the emergence of rapeseed, and are beneficial to the emergence of rapeseed; The intercropping method of the present invention realizes the reasonable intercropping of two crops, corn and rapeseed, in terms of time and space, which helps to increase the crop yield and economic benefits per unit area;

[0022] The propellers of the drone rotate at high speed to form a downward pressing wind field. The downward pressing wind field causes the corn leaves to sway, providing a passage for the falling of rapeseed. There is no need for manual shuttling in the corn field, reducing the damage to corn leaves and improving the seeding efficiency. On the other hand, under the action of the downward pressing wind field, the sown rapeseed is further dispersed during the falling process, avoiding excessive concentration of rapeseed and making the rapeseed evenly distributed on the surface of the field soil, improving the seeding uniformity.

[0023] A rotatable push plate is arranged in the seed dropping device. The push plate rotates rapidly and collides with the rapeseed in the seed dropping device to throw out the rapeseed. The thrown rapeseed passes through the seed dropping port and is thrown outside the seed dropping device. Under the action of its own gravity and the downward pressing air field, the rapeseed falls onto the field soil to complete seeding.

[0024] The seed dropping port is arranged at the rear side of the drone to avoid excessive seeding density in a local area caused by repeated seeding front and back. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the intercropping method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drone;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed dropping device;

[0028] Figure 4 It is an assembly schematic diagram of the seed box and the seed dropping device;

[0029] In the drawings, 1. Drone, 2. Seed box, 3. Seed dropping device, 4. Seed inlet, 5. Seed outlet, 6. Seed dropping port, 7. Landing gear, 8. Seed pushing shaft, 9. Push plate, 10. Stirring shaft, 11. Stirring blade. Detailed Embodiments

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:

[0031] Specific embodiments are as Figure 1 shown. The present invention relates to an intercropping method for sowing rapeseed before harvesting corn. The implementation location of this embodiment is Nangang, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. The intercropping method includes the following steps:

[0032] S1. In the first and middle ten days of September, during the maturity period of corn, use the drone 1 to sow rapeseed in the field above the corn plants, and do not harvest the corn after it matures;

[0033] S2. Before the field soil freezes, when the rape plants reach the 4-6 leaf stage, preferably the 5-leaf stage, which is around mid-November, use a corn harvester to harvest the corn. The harvesting height of the corn straw is greater than the height of the rape plants. At this time, the rape plants can withstand the rolling caused by the field operation of the corn harvester. According to the climate characteristics of this area, the field soil is usually not frozen at this time, which is convenient for mechanical corn harvesting. On the other hand, it can also prevent the corn plants and grains from suffering from freezing damage and ensure the quality of the corn grains.

[0034] S3. The field management of rape is the same as that of the large field.

[0035] S4. In the following year, plant corn after harvesting the rape.

[0036] Broadcast rape seeds during the maturity period of corn. Harvest the corn before the soil freezes to provide sufficient growth time for the rape, so that the rape plants can reach the 4-6 leaf stage, preferably harvest the corn when it reaches the 5-leaf stage.

[0037] In the present invention, rape is broadcast during the maturity period of corn. At this time, the growth and development of the corn are basically completed, and the corn mainly transports and accumulates the nutrients accumulated in the early stage to the grains. The seedlings of rape have less demand for water, light and nutrients, and the emergence process of rape will not have an adverse impact on the yield of corn; rape is not affected by the land vacating time of the previous crop, so that rape can be sown within the best sowing period, avoiding insufficient growth period of rape caused by delayed sowing or inability to overwinter safely, and ensuring the growth cycle of rape; and the corn leaves can keep the soil moisture and shade in the field, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture in the field, reduce the adverse impact of water shortage in dry years on the emergence of rape, and are conducive to the emergence of rape. The intercropping method of the present invention realizes the reasonable intercropping of corn and rape in terms of time and space, realizes the two-crop-a-year planting mode in saline-alkali land, and helps to increase the crop yield and economic benefits per unit area.

[0038] The rape seeds are broadcast by the drone 1. As Figures 2 - 4 shown, a seed box 2 and a seed dropping device 3 are arranged on the drone 1. The seed box 2 is suspended between the landing gears of the drone 1. The seed dropping device 3 is arranged below the seed box 2. The seed inlet 4 of the seed dropping device 3 is connected to the seed discharging port 5 of the seed box 2. The seed dropping port 6 of the seed dropping device 3 is arranged between the landing gears 7 of the drone 1 on the horizontal plane. When the rape seeds fall, they are not blocked by the landing gears 7. The space between the landing gears 7 provides a falling channel for the rape seeds.

[0039] When sowing rapeseed, the drone 1 flies above the corn plants. The rapeseed enters the seed dropping device 3 through the seed discharging opening 5 of the seed box 2 and the seed inlet 4 of the seed dropping device 3. The rapeseed is discharged from the seed dropping opening 6 of the seed dropping device 3 to the rear of the drone 1. The propellers of the drone 1 rotate at high speed to form a vortex airflow. The vortex airflow presses downward to form a downward pressure wind field. The downward pressure wind field is uniform, causing the corn leaves to shake, providing a passage for the falling rapeseed, eliminating the need for manual shuttling in the corn field, reducing damage to the corn leaves, and improving the sowing efficiency. On the other hand, rapeseed is small in volume and light in weight, and is prone to changing its trajectory under the influence of air flow during the falling process. Under the action of the downward pressure wind field, the sown rapeseed is further dispersed during the falling process, avoiding excessive concentration of rapeseed, making the rapeseed evenly distributed on the surface of the field soil, improving the sowing uniformity. Even if the rapeseed collides with the corn leaves, it will bounce onto the ground due to the elasticity of the leaves.

[0040] The seed dropping opening 6 is arranged at the rear side of the drone 1. During the flight of the drone 1, one-way seed dropping within the same swath can be achieved, improving the sowing uniformity and avoiding excessive local seeding density caused by repeated seeding front and back.

[0041] Among them, a seed pushing shaft 8 is arranged vertically inside the seed dropping device 3. As Figure 3 shown, a group of push plates 9 are arranged in an array on the seed pushing shaft 8. The push plates 9 are arranged parallel to the axial direction of the seed pushing shaft 8. The inner wall of the seed dropping device 3 and the adjacent two push plates 9 surround to form a seed receiving cavity. The seed receiving cavity sequentially passes through the seed inlet 4 and the seed dropping opening 6. The seed pushing shaft 8 drives the push plates 9 to rotate inside the seed dropping device 3. The rapeseed falls into the seed dropping device 3 along the seed inlet 4. The rapidly rotating push plates 9 push the falling rapeseed and fling it out of the seed dropping device 3 along the seed dropping opening 6. Under the action of its own gravity and the downward pressure air field, the rapeseed falls onto the field soil to complete sowing.

[0042] When stopping sowing, the push plates 9 stay at the seed inlet 4 and the seed dropping opening 6, and the push plates 9 form a limit for the seeds falling into the seed dropping device 3 along the seed inlet 4, preventing the rapeseed from continuing to fall from the seed dropping device 3.

[0043] The seed inlet 4 is located at the upper end of the seed dropping device 3 and is arranged close to the fixed end of the push plate 9. The seed dropping opening 6 is arranged on the side wall of the seed dropping device 3 adjacent to the overhanging end of the push plate 9. The rapeseed smoothly enters the seed dropping device 3 along the seed inlet 4. The rotating push plates 9 collide with the rapeseed, causing the rapeseed to quickly move towards the side wall of the seed dropping device 3. The rapeseed is discharged from the seed dropping device 3 through the seed dropping opening 6 to achieve sowing.

[0044] As Figure 4As shown, the inner cavity of the seed box 2 is of a funnel-shaped structure, and the seed discharge port 5 is arranged at the bottom of the seed box 2. The diameter of the seed dropper 3 is larger than the diameter of the seed discharge port 5. The upper end of the seed dropper 3 is fitted and fixed to the seed discharge port 5, and the upper end of the seed dropper 3 blocks the seed discharge port 5. The rapeseed accumulated at the bottom of the seed box 2 can only fall into the seed dropper 3 along the seed discharge port 5 and the seed inlet 4 under the action of gravity. The seed discharge structure is simple and convenient; the inner cavity of the funnel-shaped structure makes the rapeseed in the seed box 2 slide to the bottom of the seed box 2, ensuring that the rapeseed in the seed box 2 can smoothly fall into the seed dropper 3.

[0045] The seed box 2 is provided with a stirring shaft 10, on which stirring blades 11 are provided. The stirring shaft 10 rotates around its own axis in the seed box 2, and the stirring blades 11 stir the rapeseed in the seed box 2 to prevent the rapeseed from clumping and affecting sowing. The stirring of the stirring blades 11 is conducive to the rapeseed in the seed box 2 sliding to the bottom of the seed box 2, so that the seed box 2 can continuously discharge rapeseed into the seed dropper 3, thereby improving the continuity and uniformity of the drone sowing of rapeseed.

[0046] Preferably, the bottom of the stirring blade 11 is slidably fitted with the upper end of the seed dropper 3, and the stirring blade 11 pushes the rapeseed at the bottom of the seed box 2, forcing the rapeseed to pass through the seed inlet 4 on the seed dropper 3, so that all the rapeseed in the seed box 2 can enter the seed dropper 3, avoiding the accumulation and waste of rapeseed in the seed box 2.

[0047] The stirring shaft 10 is coaxially connected with the seed pushing shaft 8, and the upper end of the stirring shaft 10 extends upward along the seed box 2 and is connected to the driving end of the driving motor, thereby reducing the design of the transmission structure between the stirring shaft 10 and the transmission shaft 8. The structure is compact, and the stirring shaft 10 and the seed pushing shaft 8 can be driven by the driving motor to rotate or stop synchronously, which can ensure that the speed and rhythm of stirring and pushing seeds remain consistent, which is conducive to uniform transmission stirring and stable pushing of rapeseed, and is beneficial to improving the uniformity and accuracy of rapeseed sowing.

Claims

1. A method for interplanting rapeseed sown before corn harvest, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. During the maturity period of corn, use a drone (1) to broadcast rapeseed over the corn plants in the field without harvesting the corn after it matures; S2. When the field soil is not frozen and the rapeseed plants reach the 4 - 6 leaf stage, harvest the corn, and the cutting height of the corn straw is greater than the height of the rapeseed plants; S3. The field management of rapeseed is the same as that of the main field; S4. In the following year, plant corn after harvesting the rapeseed.

2. The intercropping method of sowing rape before corn harvest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2 described above, harvest the corn when the rapeseed plants reach the 5 leaf stage.

3. The intercropping method of sowing rape before corn harvest according to claim 1, characterized in that: A seed box (2) and a seed dropping device (3) are arranged on the drone (1). The seed box (2) is suspended between the landing gears of the drone (1). The seed dropping device (3) is arranged below the seed box (2). The seed inlet (4) of the seed dropping device (3) is connected to the seed discharging port (5) of the seed box (2). The seed dropping port (6) of the seed dropping device (3) is arranged between the landing gears (7) of the drone (1) on the horizontal plane, and the seed dropping port (6) is arranged at the rear side of the drone (1).

4. A method for interplanting rape sown before corn harvest according to claim 3, characterized in that: A seed pushing shaft (8) is arranged vertically inside the seed dropping device (3). A group of pushing plates (9) are arranged in an array on the seed pushing shaft (8), and the pushing plates (9) are arranged parallel to the axial direction of the seed pushing shaft (8).

5. A method for intercropping rape sown before corn harvest, according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seed inlet (4) is located at the upper end of the seed dropping device (3) and is arranged close to the fixed end of the pushing plate (9). The seed dropping port (6) is arranged on the side wall of the seed dropping device (3) adjacent to the overhanging end of the pushing plate (9).

6. The intercropping method of sowing rape before corn harvest according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the seed box (2) is in a funnel-shaped structure. The seed discharging port (5) is arranged at the bottom of the seed box (2). The diameter of the seed dropping device (3) is larger than the diameter of the seed discharging port (5), and the upper end of the seed dropping device (3) is fixedly attached to the seed discharging port (5).

7. A intercropping method for sowing rape before corn harvest according to claim 6, characterized in that: A stirring shaft (10) is arranged inside the seed box (2), and stirring blades (11) are arranged on the stirring shaft (10).

8. A method for intercropping rape sown before corn harvesting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the stirring blade (11) is slidably and fittingly arranged with the upper end of the seed dropping device (3).

9. A method for intercropping rape sown before corn harvest according to claim 7, characterized in that: The stirring shaft (10) is coaxially connected to the seed pushing shaft (8).

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