Method for planting cigar coating tobacco leaves by using greenhouse

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting eggplant coating tobacco leaves by using a greenhouse, which comprises the steps of transplanting management, greenhouse microclimate management, fertilization management, irrigation management, topping and bud removal management and eggplant coating harvesting management, fully utilizes the existing agricultural resource, namely the greenhouse, and is used for planting the eggplant coating tobacco leaves. And through a series of refined and scientific technical improvement and optimization, water, fertilizer and environment are accurately regulated and controlled, the quality of tobacco leaves is remarkably improved (such as optimizing chemical components and improving appearance color), and the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved. The output rate of the eggplant coats is increased to 32%, and the optimal leaf rate is increased to 5%; meanwhile, systematic guidance is provided for planting high-quality cigar coating tobacco leaves, and the yield and quality stability of cigar coatings can be kept easily; and a win-win situation of economic benefits and ecological sustainability is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wrapper cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for growing wrapper tobacco leaves using a greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] As a special tobacco product, the tobacco leaves used to make cigars are, from the outside to the inside in terms of structure, wrapper, binder, and filler. Among them, the wrapper, as the "outer layer" of the cigar, is the essence of the whole cigar and has extremely high quality requirements. High-quality wrapper tobacco leaves require relatively wide and large leaves, thin and intact leaves, fine and flat veins, delicate leaf surfaces, loose tissue, good elasticity, strong tensile strength, uniform color, good oily luster, good combustibility, and aromas and tastes that do not affect the aromas and tastes of the filler.

[0003] Suitable natural ecological conditions are the basic elements for producing high-quality wrapper tobacco leaves. The general requirements for the growth period of high-quality wrapper tobacco in the field are warm and humid conditions with cloudy and foggy diffused light, avoiding direct sunlight. The temperature is controlled at 20°C to 30°C, the humidity is controlled at 65% to 85%, the light intensity is controlled at 75 to 160 μmol / (m²·s), and the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled at 800 ppm to 1200 ppm; currently, in production, in order to meet the requirements of environmental humidity and light intensity, shade cultivation is mostly used for the production of wrapper tobacco leaves, but shading will reduce the environmental temperature, and cigar tobacco is a temperature-loving crop. Low temperature (<15°C) not only affects the growth of wrapper tobacco leaves but also results in poor quality of wrapper tobacco leaves.

[0004] Greenhouses have good heat preservation and moisture retention properties, can effectively improve the environmental temperature and humidity, and the greenhouse is covered with white films, which have a certain shading effect on sunlight. Utilizing the heat preservation characteristics of the greenhouse can advance seedling raising or extend the growth period, avoid the frost period, increase the annual planting frequency, and is beneficial to improving the yield and quality. However, the excellent product rate of greenhouse tobacco leaves is still relatively low, and it is also difficult to maintain the stability of the excellent product rate.

[0005] Therefore, how to stably grow more high-quality wrapper tobacco leaves is a technical problem that the cigar industry in our country urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a method for growing wrapper tobacco leaves using a greenhouse, which creates an ecological environment suitable for the growth of wrapper tobacco leaves. At the same time, the planting management technology is optimized to improve the yield, quality, and stability of wrapper tobacco leaves.

[0007] The technical solution for achieving the object of the present invention is: A method for growing wrapper tobacco leaves using a greenhouse, including transplanting management, greenhouse microclimate management, fertilization management, irrigation management, topping and bud removal management, and wrapper harvesting management; The transplanting management is as follows: transplant tobacco seedlings into the greenhouse between March 10th and 30th, using the method of transplanting small seedlings under the plastic film, and complete the transplanting within 1 to 5 days; when transplanting, dig large holes and plant the seedlings deeply. According to the height of the tobacco seedlings, keep a distance of 3 - 5 cm between the transplanted tobacco seedlings and the plastic film in the natural state; The greenhouse microclimate management is as follows: during the whole planting process, adjust the microclimate environment in the greenhouse according to the different growth stages of the wrapper tobacco leaves. Specifically: Seedling - returning stage: temperature 15℃ - 18℃, humidity 65% - 75%; Root - stretching stage: temperature 17℃ - 20℃, humidity 60% - 65%; Fast - growing stage: temperature 20℃ - 28℃, humidity 80% - 85%; Maturity stage: temperature 22℃ - 30℃, humidity 60% - 70%; Carbon dioxide concentration during the whole growth period: 800 ppm - 1200 ppm; The fertilization management is as follows: conduct the first fertilization 6 - 7 days before transplanting, and apply basal fertilizer and organic fertilizer during the first fertilization. The basal fertilizer includes special tobacco fertilizer, magnesium hydroxide, calcium - phosphorus - magnesium fertilizer, and potassium nitrate, and the organic fertilizer includes rapeseed cake fertilizer and cow dung; Top - dressing is carried out in two times: the first time, calcium nitrate is top - dressed by watering the roots with dissolved water before the opening stage; the second time, special tobacco fertilizer, calcium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate are top - dressed respectively by drip irrigation before the rosette stage; The irrigation management is as follows: pour root - fixing water during transplanting, and keep the soil water content at 65% - 75% of the maximum field water - holding capacity during the seedling - returning stage; during the root - stretching stage, keep the soil water content at 50% - 60% of the maximum field water - holding capacity; when the tobacco plants are in the fast - growing stage, keep the soil water content at 80% - 85% of the maximum field water - holding capacity; after entering the maturity stage, keep the soil water content at 60% - 70% of the maximum field water - holding capacity; The topping and bud - removing management is as follows: when the apical inflorescence extends out of the top leaf and the first central flower on the main axis blooms, remove the whole inflorescence together with the 2 - 3 small leaves below it for topping management; use pendimethalin EC or chlorbenzuron SC, tobacco bud inhibitor, to inhibit the growth of axillary buds for bud - removing management; The wrapper tobacco leaf harvesting management is as follows: avoid rainy and cloudy days during harvesting, select to harvest tobacco in the early morning of sunny days, and avoid damaging the tobacco leaves by holding them with hands after picking to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaves.

[0008] Based on years of experience in tobacco leaf planting, the inventor of the present invention has summarized that the suitable ecological conditions for high - quality wrapper tobacco leaves are "high temperature, high humidity, and low light intensity"; use the greenhouse to create an ecological micro - environment suitable for the growth of wrapper tobacco leaves, and by installing a meteorological environment monitoring device, real - time monitor key parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse, and optimize and adjust the specific requirements (such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. during the seedling - returning stage, root - stretching stage, fast - growing stage, and maturity stage) of wrapper tobacco leaves in different growth stages to provide a more refined micro - climate environment for the high - quality growth of wrapper tobacco leaves.

[0009] In the transplanting management process, by limiting the transplanting time and method, and combining with the technical points of digging large holes and deeply planting the seedlings, the tobacco seedlings after transplantation are kept at a distance of 3-5 cm from the plastic film in the natural state, forming a greenhouse under the film that is beneficial to the growth of tobacco seedlings, providing a more suitable growth microenvironment for the tobacco seedlings, helping the tobacco seedlings to take root and recover earlier, improving the transplanting survival rate and the subsequent growth quality. Compared with the conventional transplanting method (digging holes in the tobacco field, putting the tobacco seedlings into the holes, and covering the roots of the tobacco seedlings with broken soil to the base of the stem after watering enough root-fixing water), it can better meet the strict requirements of the wrapper tobacco leaves for the growth environment in the initial stage.

[0010] In the fertilization management process, the formulated basal fertilizer and organic fertilizer comprehensively consider the nutrient elements required for the growth of wrapper tobacco leaves and their balance, and can provide more comprehensive and balanced nutrient support for the growth of wrapper tobacco leaves. Combined with the top-dressing strategy in stages and in different ways, it can timely and accurately supplement the required nutrients according to the nutrient demand characteristics of wrapper tobacco leaves at different growth stages, avoiding the problems of insufficient or excessive nutrient supply of wrapper tobacco leaves in the extensive planting management mode, optimizing the growth conditions of wrapper tobacco leaves, and improving the fertilizer utilization rate and the final quality of the wrapper.

[0011] In the irrigation management process, formulating a refined irrigation strategy according to the characteristics of different growth periods of wrapper tobacco leaves can accurately meet the water requirements of wrapper tobacco leaves at each growth stage, promote the root development of tobacco plants and the growth of tobacco leaves, avoid the adverse effects on tobacco leaf growth caused by too much or too little water, help to improve the yield and quality of the wrapper. Compared with the traditional extensive irrigation management, it is more scientific, effective and stable. By precisely regulating water and fertilizer, it promotes the balance of key components such as nicotine, total sugar, and potassium, and optimizes the chemical composition of tobacco leaves to enhance the aroma and combustibility of tobacco leaves.

[0012] In the topping and bud removal management process, compared with the traditional topping method (only removing the inflorescence and retaining the leaves below the inflorescence), the present invention removes the entire inflorescence together with 2-3 small leaves below it, which can promote the transfer of more nutrients of the tobacco plant to the leaves; at the same time, the chemical bud suppression method used in the present invention can efficiently and stably control the growth of axillary buds, reduce the ineffective consumption of nutrients, and is beneficial to improving the quality of leaves. In addition, compared with the traditional physical or manual bud removal methods, the bud removal method of the present invention has the advantages of simple operation and remarkable effect, further optimizing the growth management process of wrapper tobacco leaves.

[0013] The present invention makes full use of the existing agricultural resource of greenhouse, and uses it for the cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaves. From the whole process of wrapper tobacco leaf cultivation, such as microclimate regulation, transplanting management, fertilization management, irrigation management, topping and bud removal management to the harvesting method, through a series of refined and scientific technical improvements and optimizations, the water, fertilizer and environment are accurately regulated, significantly improving the quality of tobacco leaves (such as optimizing chemical components and improving appearance color), increasing the output rate of wrapper tobacco leaves by 32% and the excellent leaf rate by 15%. At the same time, it provides systematic guidance for cultivating high-quality wrapper tobacco leaves, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of wrapper tobacco leaf yield and quality. In this way, it can not only guarantee the economic benefits of growers, but also promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the tobacco industry, achieving a win-win situation of economic benefits and ecological sustainability.

[0014] Furthermore, when harvesting wrapper tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves are neatly placed into the tobacco frame by means of lifting, and handled gently during the harvesting process to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaves.

[0015] Furthermore, the greenhouse used is an idle greenhouse, and skylights are installed on both sides of the ridge of the idle greenhouse. The periphery and top of the greenhouse are covered with heat preservation films, and the opening and closing of the heat preservation films are controlled by a reel device. A switchable sunshade net is also installed on the top of the greenhouse. During the planting process, the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse are adjusted by opening and closing the skylights and heat preservation films, the light intensity inside the greenhouse is adjusted by opening and closing the sunshade net, and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse is increased by carbon dioxide supply, so as to realize the regulation of the microclimate inside the greenhouse. The present invention makes full use of the idle greenhouse and uses it after transformation, which not only improves the resource utilization rate and avoids resource waste, but also the transformed greenhouse can flexibly adjust the temperature, humidity and light intensity inside the greenhouse, providing conditions for creating a more precise and suitable microclimate environment for the growth of wrapper tobacco leaves, achieving a win-win situation of resource utilization and economic benefits.

[0016] Furthermore, meteorological monitoring equipment is installed inside the greenhouse to monitor the environmental temperature, humidity, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse in real time.

[0017] Furthermore, during the transplanting management, the tobacco seedlings can be transplanted when they have 5 - 8 true leaves and the seedling age is about 55 - 65 days, which can ensure that the transplanted tobacco seedlings have good growth potential and adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the greenhouse of the present invention; the position of the skylight is indicated by a dotted line frame, and the heat preservation film is in a partially open state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the method for cultivating wrapper tobacco leaves using a greenhouse according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 1

[0020] Test variety: Haiyan 101.

[0021] The row and plant spacing of the wrapper variety is 120 cm × 37 cm, and the planting density is 1,500 plants per mu.

[0022] The method for growing wrapper tobacco leaves using a greenhouse of the present invention includes transplanting management, greenhouse microclimate management, fertilization management, irrigation management, topping and bud removal management, and wrapper harvesting management.

[0023] The transplanting management is as follows: Transplant the tobacco seedlings into the greenhouse from March 10th to 30th, using the method of transplanting small seedlings under the film, and complete the transplanting within 1 to 5 days; when transplanting, dig large holes and plant the seedlings deeply. According to the height of the tobacco seedlings, keep a distance of 3 - 5 cm between the transplanted seedlings and the plastic film in the natural state.

[0024] The greenhouse uses an idle greenhouse, and skylights 20 are installed on both sides of the ridge 10 of the idle greenhouse; the surrounding and top of the greenhouse are covered with a heat - preservation film 30, and the opening and closing of the heat - preservation film 30 are controlled by a reel device 40; a switchable sunshade net 50 is also installed on the top of the greenhouse (as Figure 1 shown).

[0025] During the planting process, the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse are adjusted by opening and closing the skylights 20 and the heat - preservation film 30, the light intensity inside the greenhouse is adjusted by opening and closing the sunshade net 50, and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse is increased by carbon dioxide supply, so as to realize the adjustment of the microclimate inside the greenhouse.

[0026] The greenhouse microclimate management is as follows: Install a meteorological monitoring device 60 inside the greenhouse (as Figure 1 shown) to monitor the environmental temperature, humidity, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse in real - time; during the whole planting process, adjust the microclimate environment inside the greenhouse according to the different growth stages of the wrapper tobacco leaves. Specifically: Seedling - returning stage: temperature 15°C - 18°C, humidity 65% - 75%; Root - stretching stage: temperature 17°C - 20°C, humidity 60% - 65%; Fast - growing stage: temperature 20°C - 30°C, humidity 80% - 85%; Maturity stage: temperature 25°C - 32°C, humidity 60% - 70%; The carbon dioxide concentration during the whole growth period: 400 ppm - 600 ppm.

[0027] The fertilization management is as follows: The first fertilization is carried out 6 - 7 days before transplanting. At the first fertilization, basal fertilizer and organic fertilizer are applied. The application methods of basal fertilizer and organic fertilizer are strip application and broadcast application respectively. The basal fertilizer includes tobacco special fertilizer, magnesium hydroxide, calcium phosphate and magnesium fertilizer, and potassium nitrate. The organic fertilizer includes rapeseed cake fertilizer and cow dung. Topdressing is carried out in two times: The first time, 5 - 6 kg / mu of calcium nitrate is topdressed by watering the roots with dissolved water before the opening stage. The second time, before the rosette stage, by means of drip irrigation, 9 - 11 kg / mu of tobacco special fertilizer, 6 - 7 kg / mu of calcium nitrate, 30 - 35 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, and 15 - 16 kg / mu of potassium nitrate are respectively topdressed.

[0028] In the basal fertilizer, the dosage ratio of tobacco special fertilizer, magnesium hydroxide, calcium phosphate and magnesium fertilizer, and potassium nitrate is 5:3:6:1. In the organic fertilizer, the dosage ratio of rapeseed cake fertilizer and cow dung is 1:2. Both the basal fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are purchased products.

[0029] "Opening stage" and "rosette stage" are two key stages in the growth process of tobacco. The opening stage refers to after the tobacco is transplanted, the tobacco seedlings begin to resume growth, the root system gradually expands, the leaves begin to unfold, and the plants begin to enter the rapid growth stage. At this time, the leaves of the tobacco seedlings gradually unfold, forming a shape similar to a "plate", so it is called the "opening stage". The rosette stage refers to after the tobacco plants enter the vigorous growth period, the number of leaves gradually increases, and the plants begin to form a compact "cluster" - shaped structure, so it is called the "rosette stage".

[0030] The irrigation management is as follows: At the time of transplanting, sufficient root - fixing water is poured to promote the tobacco seedlings to take root early and return to normal growth early. During the seedling - returning period, the soil water content is maintained at 65% - 75% of the maximum field water - holding capacity; During the root - stretching period, the soil water content is maintained at 50% - 60% of the maximum field water - holding capacity; When the tobacco plants are in the vigorous growth stage, pour a large amount of water for vigorous growth, strengthen irrigation to ensure sufficient water supply, and the soil water content is maintained at 80% - 85% of the maximum field water - holding capacity; After entering the mature stage, the soil water content is maintained at 60% - 70% of the maximum field water - holding capacity. The topping and bud - removing management is as follows: Topping is carried out at the early - flowering stage. When the apical inflorescence extends out of the top leaves and the first central flower on the main axis opens, the whole inflorescence together with the 2 - 3 small leaves below it is removed, and the cross - section is an oblique ellipse for topping management; By means of chemical bud inhibition, pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate or chlorbenzuron suspension agent for tobacco is used to inhibit the growth of axillary buds for bud - removing management. The management of wrapper leaf harvesting is as follows: Avoid rainy days during harvesting. Select to pick tobacco in the early morning of sunny days. Avoid damaging the tobacco leaves by hand - holding after picking during harvesting. Use the way of lifting to neatly put the tobacco leaves into the tobacco frame. During the harvesting process, handle with care to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaves. The wrapper leaf tobacco can be harvested when it is mature. The judgment standard for maturity is: The color of the tobacco leaf fades from green, showing yellow through green, the leaf tip droops, the main vein is bright white, the branch veins are slightly white, the angle between the stem and leaves increases, part of the villi falls off, and when harvesting, the sound is clear and there is no stem bark.

[0031] Comparative Example 1 Test variety: Haiyan 101.

[0032] The row spacing and plant spacing of the wrapper tobacco seedlings are 120 cm × 37 cm, and the planting density is 1500 plants per mu.

[0033] The existing shading cultivation method is adopted for the planting of wrapper tobacco leaves.

[0034] The requirements for environmental conditions or the measured environmental data under the planting method of Comparative Example 1 are as follows: Seedling recovery period: temperature 10°C - 15°C, humidity 60% - 70%; Root elongation period: temperature 12°C - 18°C, humidity 60% - 70%; Rapid growth period: temperature 18°C - 25°C, humidity 70% - 85%; Maturity period: temperature 25°C - 35°C, humidity 60% - 75%; The same transplanting management, fertilization management, irrigation management, topping and bud removal management, and wrapper tobacco leaf harvesting management methods as in Example 1 are adopted in the planting method of Comparative Example 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 Test variety: Haiyan 101.

[0036] The row spacing and plant spacing of the wrapper tobacco seedlings are 120 cm × 37 cm, and the planting density is 1500 plants per mu.

[0037] The method for planting wrapper tobacco leaves using a greenhouse, including transplanting management, greenhouse microclimate management, fertilization management, irrigation management, topping and bud removal management, and wrapper tobacco leaf harvesting management; The transplanting management is the same as that in Example 1; The structure of the greenhouse is the same as that in Example 1; The greenhouse microclimate management is as follows: During the entire planting process of the wrapper tobacco leaves, the air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration are 15°C - 35°C, 60% - 85%, 75 - 160 μmol / (m²·s), and 300 ppm - 500 ppm, respectively; The fertilization management, irrigation management, topping and bud removal management, and wrapper tobacco leaf harvesting management are all the same as those in Example 1.

[0038] After a period of transplanting of the tobacco seedlings in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, the number of leaves, plant height, and stem girth of the tobacco plants are shown in Table 1 below; the leaf size of the tobacco plants is shown in Table 2 below.

[0039]

[0040] Table 1 Note: Different lowercase letters marked for the same column of numbers in the table indicate that the difference reaches a significant level ( p <0.05), and the same applies hereinafter.

[0041] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the tobacco plants in Example 1 (using the method for growing wrapper tobacco leaves of the present invention) have more leaves, higher plant height, and smaller stem girth compared with those in Comparative Example 1 (using the existing method for growing wrapper tobacco leaves with a shading cultivation method) and Comparative Example 2 (using a greenhouse cultivation method without microclimate regulation). Among them, 80 days after transplanting, the number of leaves in Example 1 is significantly greater than that in Comparative Example 1, and the plant height is significantly greater than those in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0042] Table 2

[0043] As can be seen from Table 2, when comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, from the perspective of the lower leaves, the leaf width of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 60 days after transplanting is significantly greater than that of Comparative Example 1; from the perspective of the middle leaves, 50 - 70 days after transplanting, the leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of Example 1 are the largest and are significantly greater than those of Example 1. From the perspective of the upper leaves, 50 - 80 days after transplanting, the leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of the tobacco leaves show that Example 1 > Comparative Example 2 > Comparative Example 1.

[0044] The evaluation criteria for the appearance quality of the wrapper tobacco leaves after fermentation during mature harvesting are shown in Table 3 below.

[0045] Table 3

[0046] The grading of maturity, leaf structure, oil content, chroma, and color uniformity of the tobacco leaves after fermentation in Table 3 is all based on sensory observation. The specific grading criteria are as follows: Maturity Fully ripe: The leaf surface is wrinkled, the tissue structure is loose, the luster is weak, the oil content is low, and the leaf is thin; Ripe: The leaf surface is slightly wrinkled, the tissue structure is loose, the luster is strong, the oil content is high, and the leaf is relatively thin; Properly ripe: The leaf surface is relatively smooth, the tissue structure is slightly compact, the luster is relatively strong, the oil content is relatively high, and the leaf is slightly thick; Unripe: The leaf surface is smooth, the tissue structure is compact, the luster is weak, the oil content is low, and the leaf is thick; (2) Leaf structure Loose: The texture is soft and elastic, the oil content is high, and the structure is loose; Relatively loose: The texture is relatively soft, there is oil content, and the structure is relatively loose; Slightly dense: The texture is relatively hard, the leaf is relatively stiff, and the oil content is relatively low; Dense: The texture is hard, the leaf is stiff, and the oil content is low; (3) Oil content High: The tobacco leaf surface is rich in oily substances, with a strong luster; the touch is soft and elastic, and there are no obvious dry or stiff areas; There is: the content of oily substances is moderate, and the gloss is good; the touch is relatively soft, and the elasticity is slightly inferior to the "much" level; Slightly: there is less oily substance, the gloss is darker or unevenly distributed; the touch is dry, and the elasticity is insufficient, but there is no obvious stiffness; Less: the oily substance is scarce, and the surface is dull and without luster; the touch is dry, stiff, and easy to break; (4)Chromaticity Strong: the color saturation is high, the color is bright and uniform; the surface gloss is strong, and there are no obvious mottled or dull areas; Relatively strong: the color saturation is relatively high, the gloss is good, the uniformity is relatively good, and slight color differences are allowed; Medium: the color saturation is average, the color is relatively light or there is local non-uniformity; the gloss is weak, and there may be slight variegated colors or spots; Weak: the color saturation is low, the color is light and uneven; the gloss is weak, and there are many slight variegated colors or spots; (5)Color uniformity Uniform: the color is highly uniform, without variegated colors or spots; Relatively uniform: the color is relatively uniform, with slight variegated colors; General: the color difference is obvious, affecting the overall aesthetics; Slightly non-uniform: the color is non-uniform, with large areas of variegated colors or patches; (6)Thickness of lateral veins Thin: the diameter of lateral veins ≤ 0.4 mm, and the vein distribution is uniform; Relatively thin; the diameter of lateral veins is about 0.5 - 0.6 mm, the veins are clear but without a protruding feeling; General: the diameter of lateral veins is about 0.6 - 0.8 mm, the veins are clearly visible, and the distribution is relatively uniform; Relatively thick: the diameter of lateral veins ≥ 0.8 mm, and the veins are thick; (7)Flatness of lateral veins Flat: the veins are thin and without protrusions, and the overall leaf surface is flat; Relatively flat: the veins are relatively thin, with slight protrusions, and the leaf surface is relatively flat; General: the veins are of moderate thickness, and the leaf surface has shrinkage; Relatively prominent: the veins are significantly protruding, and the leaf surface has shrinkage or stiffness.

[0047] Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2: After fermentation, the appearance quality of the cured wrapper tobacco leaves. According to the evaluation criteria in Table 3, the obtained evaluation results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0048] Table 4

[0049] As can be seen from Table 4, compared with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the structure, oil content, chromaticity, length, color uniformity, vein thickness, vein angle, vein flatness, green impurities and damage scores of the leaves in Example 1 are all higher. The leaves in Example 1 are characterized by loose structure, good oil content, strong chromaticity, uniform color, thin veins, flatness, few green impurities and little damage. Generally speaking, the appearance quality of Example 1 is the best, followed by Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 is the worst.

[0050] The physical properties, chemical components and sensory qualities of the fermented cigar wrapper tobacco leaves harvested at maturity in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7 respectively; Table 5

[0051] In terms of physical properties, the leaf weight per unit area and equilibrium moisture content of the cigar wrapper samples in the examples and comparative examples are all within the appropriate range. The tensile strength and ash whiteness of the tobacco leaves in Example 1 are greater than those in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, but the leaf thickness and stem content are less than those in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, indicating that the leaves in Example 1 have better tensile strength, whiter ash, thinner thickness and fewer leaf veins, and are more in line with the quality requirements of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves. In terms of physical properties, Example 1 > Comparative Example 2 > Comparative Example 1.

[0052] Table 6

[0053] As can be seen from Table 6, among the relevant indicators of the conventional chemical components, the total alkaloid and total nitrogen contents in Comparative Example 1 are higher than those in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, indicating that the tobacco leaves in Comparative Example 1 have a stronger strength. The potassium content and potassium-chlorine ratio are the highest in Example 1, followed by Comparative Example 2, and the lowest in Comparative Example 1, which shows that the tobacco leaves in Example 1 have better combustion performance, and Comparative Example 1 is the worst.

[0054] Table 7

[0055] Among the relevant indicators of sensory quality, from the lower leaves, the aroma quantity, combustion performance and gray score of Example 1 are higher than those in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, while the aroma quality, irritation, aftertaste and sweetness of Example 1 are similar to those of Comparative Example 2 and lower than those of Comparative Example 1; from the middle leaves, the scores of all sensory quality evaluation indicators of Example 1 are the highest; from the upper leaves, except for the aroma quality and aroma quantity of Example 1 being the same as those of Comparative Example 1, the scores of the remaining indicators are higher than those of Comparative Example 1. The aroma quality, off-odor, irritation and aftertaste scores of Comparative Example 2 are lower than those of Example 1, while the combustion performance and gray scores of the two are similar. Generally speaking, the sensory quality of Example 1 is better than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and the sensory quality of the middle leaves of Example 1 is the best.

[0056] The qualified rate and excellent product rate of wrapper tobacco leaves are shown in Table 8.

[0057] Table 8

[0058] Wrapper standard: The leaves are relatively wide, thin, with relatively uniform color, slightly oily, good elasticity, strong tensile strength, relatively loose structure, and the secondary veins are thin and prostrate.

[0059] Excellent wrapper leaves: The leaves are wide, complete, with relatively thin identity, uniform color, good oiliness and luster, good elasticity, strong tensile strength, loose structure, and the secondary veins are thin and prostrate.

[0060] As can be seen from Table 8, the qualified rate and excellent leaf rate of the wrapper in Example 1 are the highest, followed by Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 is the lowest. The qualified rate of the wrapper in Example 1 is increased by 17% compared with that in Comparative Example 1, and the excellent leaf rate of the wrapper is increased by 8%.

[0061] In summary, the method for growing wrapper tobacco leaves using greenhouse in the present invention, compared with the extensive method of growing tobacco leaves in greenhouse (Comparative Example 2) and the traditional method of growing tobacco leaves with shading (Comparative Example 1), the wrapper tobacco leaves are larger and thinner, and the appearance, physical properties, sensory quality, qualified rate and excellent leaf rate of the wrapper tobacco leaves are all significantly improved; at the same time, it provides a systematic guidance for growing high-quality wrapper tobacco leaves, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the wrapper yield and quality; in this way, it can not only ensure the economic benefits of growers, but also promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the tobacco industry, achieving a win-win situation of economic benefits and ecological sustainability. In addition, using the idle greenhouse to grow wrapper makes full use of the existing agricultural resources and improves the resource utilization rate.

[0062] The installation position of the meteorological monitoring device 60 in the greenhouse of the present invention can be but is not limited to the specific position in the attached drawings. It can be set at a single point or at multiple points, and multiple points setting is preferred; when set at a single point, it is preferably installed at the middle position in the greenhouse.

[0063] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent process transformation made using the content of the specification of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention by the same token.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating cigar wrapper tobacco leaves in a greenhouse, comprising transplanting management, greenhouse microclimate management, fertilization management, irrigation management, topping and bud removal management, and cigar wrapper harvesting management; characterized in that: The transplanting management is as follows: transplant tobacco seedlings into the greenhouse from March 10th to 30th, using the method of transplanting small seedlings under the film, and complete the transplanting within 1 to 5 days; when transplanting, dig large holes and plant the seedlings deeply. According to the height of the tobacco seedlings, keep a distance of 3 - 5 cm between the transplanted seedlings and the plastic film in the natural state. The greenhouse microclimate management is as follows: adjust the microclimate environment in the greenhouse according to the different growth stages of the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves during the whole planting process. Specifically: seedling return stage: temperature 15°C - 18°C, humidity 65% - 75%; root extension stage: temperature 17°C - 20°C, humidity 60% - 65%; vigorous growth stage: temperature 20°C - 28°C, humidity 80% - 85%; maturity stage: temperature 22°C - 30°C, humidity 60% - 70%; carbon dioxide concentration during the whole growth period: 800 ppm - 1200 ppm. The fertilization management is as follows: conduct the first fertilization 6 - 7 days before transplanting, and apply basal fertilizer and organic fertilizer during the first fertilization. The basal fertilizer includes tobacco - specific fertilizer, magnesium hydroxide, calcium - phosphorus - magnesium fertilizer, and potassium nitrate, and the organic fertilizer includes rapeseed cake fertilizer and cow dung; top - dressing is carried out in two times: the first time is to top - dress calcium nitrate by dissolving it in water and irrigating the roots before the rosette stage; the second time is to top - dress tobacco - specific fertilizer, calcium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate respectively by drip irrigation before the clump - forming stage. The irrigation management is as follows: pour root - fixing water during transplanting, and keep the soil moisture content at 65% - 75% of the maximum field water - holding capacity during the seedling return stage; during the root extension stage, keep the soil moisture content at 50% - 60% of the maximum field water - holding capacity; when the tobacco plants are in the vigorous growth stage, keep the soil moisture content at 80% - 85% of the maximum field water - holding capacity; after entering the maturity stage, keep the soil moisture content at 60% - 70% of the maximum field water - holding capacity. The topping and bud removal management is as follows: when the apical inflorescence extends out of the top leaf and the first central flower on the main axis blooms, remove the whole inflorescence together with the 2 - 3 small leaves below it for topping management; use the tobacco sprout inhibitor pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate or chlorbenzuron suspension to inhibit the growth of axillary buds for bud removal management. The cigar wrapper harvesting management is as follows: avoid harvesting on rainy or cloudy days, select to harvest tobacco in the early morning of sunny days, and avoid damaging the tobacco leaves by hand - holding after harvesting to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaves.

2. The method for cultivating wrapper tobacco leaves using a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: During the cigar wrapper harvesting management, use the method of lifting to neatly put the tobacco leaves into the tobacco frame, and handle them gently during the harvesting process.

3. The method for growing cigar wrapper tobacco leaves using a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The greenhouse uses an idle greenhouse, and skylights are installed on both sides of the ridge of the idle greenhouse; the surrounding and top of the greenhouse are covered with heat - insulating films, and the opening and closing of the heat - insulating films are controlled by a reel device; a switchable sunshade net is also installed on the top of the greenhouse; during the planting process, adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse by opening and closing the skylights and heat - insulating films, adjust the light intensity in the greenhouse by opening and closing the sunshade net, and increase the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse by carbon dioxide supply.

4. The method for growing cigar wrapper tobacco leaves in a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: Install meteorological monitoring equipment in the greenhouse for real-time monitoring of the environmental temperature, humidity, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse.

5. The method for cultivating cigar wrapper tobacco using a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: During the transplanting management, the tobacco seedlings can be transplanted when they have 5 to 8 true leaves and the seedling age is about 55 to 65 days.

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