Method for inhibiting water evaporation and application of anti-evaporation agent

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural chemistry, in particular to a method for inhibiting water evaporation and application of an anti-evaporation agent. By applying the sulfite compound, the water evaporation rate is remarkably reduced, and the application modes such as foliage spraying and drip irrigation can be adapted. The method has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, environmentally friendly and controllable in cost, and is suitable for agricultural water saving and precise pesticide application in arid regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agrochemistry, and particularly to a method for inhibiting water evaporation and the application of an anti-evaporation agent. Background Art

[0002] Global agriculture is facing the dual challenges of increasingly severe water resource shortage and climate change. According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, agricultural water use accounts for 70% of the global fresh water consumption, while the water evaporation loss rate under the traditional irrigation mode is as high as 50%-70%, exacerbating the regional water resource crisis. Under the background of climate change, extreme high temperature and drought events occur frequently, further threatening the water balance of crops and the stability of yields. How to improve water use efficiency through technological innovation has become the core proposition for ensuring food security and the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0003] In the attempt to inhibit water evaporation, the use of anti-evaporation aids has been reported.

[0004] As a class of substances that reduce the water evaporation rate through physical or chemical mechanisms, anti-evaporation aids have received extensive attention in recent years. Their action mechanisms mainly include, but are not limited to, forming a hydrophobic film layer on the soil and leaf surfaces, regulating plant stomatal behavior, or enhancing the water absorption capacity of roots, etc. At the same time, improving the anti-evaporation property of droplets can avoid the too-fast evaporation of the water in the liquid medicine deposited and adsorbed on the leaf surface. Before the active ingredient is fully absorbed and adsorbed by the leaf or the target, the water has evaporated completely, affecting the absorption and utilization of the active ingredient, and thus affecting the drug efficacy. Existing studies have shown that anti-evaporation aids can reduce the soil water evaporation by 30%-60%, significantly extend the irrigation interval period, and particularly show outstanding water-saving and yield-increasing effects in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0005] However, different anti-evaporation aids also have corresponding limitations. Currently, the main anti-evaporation aids include four categories: vegetable oils, mineral oils, organosilicons, and surfactants. Their performance bottlenecks and environmental risks have become the key obstacles restricting the precise and efficient utilization of pesticides. Vegetable oil-based aids are easily decomposed by light oxidation and have high environmental sensitivity. They are prone to separate from the liquid medicine under drought conditions and may cause phytotoxicity to crops; Mineral oil-based aids have an increased droplet size due to high viscosity, which affects the penetration, and are difficult to biodegrade, easily causing soil pollution; Although organosilicon-based aids can significantly reduce the surface tension, they have strong volatility, resulting in rapid droplet shrinkage. At the same time, too-small droplets are prone to cause drift risks; Surfactant-based aids have problems of strong biological toxicity and soil adsorption, and some synthetic components also have ecological hazards.

[0006] The evaporation inhibition rate of the carbamate-based inhibitor developed by the Wu Yan team reaches 30-40% in an environment above 30°C, but its high-temperature tolerance and efficacy still need to be improved (Wu Yan, Fang Xiting, Yang Fangming. Preparation and properties of carbamate-based water evaporation inhibitors [J]. Journal of Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 2014, 29(03): 34-39)); Ma Yan et al. compounded octadecanol and n-propanol and found that the increase in surface tension led to a decrease in the spreading rate and a short effective duration (Ma Yan, Ye Hanchun, Lü Xifeng, et al. Comparative experimental study on homogeneous / heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitors [J]. Yellow River, 2015, 37(6)); Patent (CN106417262A) discloses a chitosan-based sol-gel system, and its evaporation inhibition rate significantly decays in a high-temperature environment above 36°C, with insufficient thermal stability; in Patent (CN101235267B), a heterogeneous W / O emulsion is formed by compounding long-chain fatty alcohols (such as cetyl alcohol) and short-chain alcohols (such as n-butanol), and a molecular film is formed by spreading on the water surface to inhibit evaporation, and the inhibition effect is good. However, the oil-phase solvent is petroleum ether, and long-term use may cause potential pollution to the water ecosystem. The biodegradability of AEO emulsifiers is poor and may accumulate in the water, threatening the safety of aquatic organisms.

[0007] Therefore, it is particularly important to continuously discover or provide new products with high safety and good water evaporation inhibition efficacy.

[0008] Sulfite compounds are currently used to kill agricultural pest mites. For example, CN 118373760A discloses multiple sulfite compounds with structural improvements, showing better acaricidal effects than propargite. However, there is no report on using such compounds to inhibit water evaporation. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention discovers for the first time the effect of sulfite compounds in inhibiting water evaporation, expands the application scope of sulfite compounds, and also provides a new choice for anti-evaporation agents in agriculture.

[0010] The present invention provides a method for inhibiting water evaporation by applying a sulfite compound to water. The structural formula of the sulfite compound is as follows:

[0011]

[0012] Wherein, R1 and R2 are selected from halogens;

[0013] R3, R3', R4, and R4' are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, and C1-C5 alkenyl;

[0014] R5 is selected from halogens.

[0015] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, R1 and R2 are selected from Cl; R5 is selected from F.

[0016] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, R3 and R3' are selected from hydrogen; R4 and R4' are independently selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH=CH2 respectively.

[0017] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the sulfite compounds are selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following:

[0018]

[0019] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the sulfite compounds are selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following:

[0020]

[0021] In the present invention, the sulfite compounds show a significant effect of inhibiting water evaporation within a wide temperature range (20°C - 50°C), and are particularly suitable for high-temperature and arid environments.

[0022] In the present invention, when the sulfite compounds or their products are formulated into a solution for use in inhibiting water evaporation, the concentration of the sulfite compounds in the solution can be selected according to actual needs.

[0023] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compounds is not less than 0.001% (w / w).

[0024] In some other specific embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compounds is 0.001% - 50% (w / w).

[0025] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, during application, a surfactant or / and a solvent are also included.

[0026] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, during application, the mass ratio of the sulfite compounds to the surfactant is 1:0.1 - 20, and the concentration of the surfactant is not less than 0.001% (w / w); the balance is the solvent.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the surfactant is selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following: ethoxylated castor oil, sodium lauryl sulfate, saponin, ethoxylated alcohol, ethoxylated fatty ester, alkoxylated diol, ethoxylated fatty acid, carboxylated alcohol, carboxylic acid, fatty acid, ethoxylated alkyl phenol, fatty ester, sodium dodecyl sulfide, Tween;

[0028] The solvent is selected from one or a combination of two or more of water, ethanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol, acetone, acetophenone, water, glycerol, castor oil, ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated amides, glycerol esters, butanol, 1-propanol, hexanol, other alcohols, dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol.

[0029] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the sulfite compound is made into an agricultural product for use, and the agricultural product further includes one or more of auxiliary dispersants, wetting agents, binders, emulsifiers, stabilizers, solvents.

[0030] In the present invention, the dosage forms include but are not limited to emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, soluble solutions, microemulsions, suspensions, oil suspensions, microcapsule suspensions, mother liquors, and the like.

[0031] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the agricultural product made from the sulfite compound is used in combination with foliar fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers, compound fertilizers, pesticides, plant regulators, biostimulants, soil conditioners.

[0032] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, during use, the sulfite compound or the agricultural product made therefrom is used to treat seeds, spray on the leaves or irrigate the roots; preferably spray on the leaves.

[0033] The present invention also provides a composition for inhibiting water evaporation, including the sulfite compound described above.

[0034] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the composition further includes an agriculturally acceptable carrier or adjuvant.

[0035] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the carrier is water or an organic solvent; the adjuvants include dispersants, wetting agents, binders, emulsifiers, stabilizers.

[0036] The present invention also provides an anti-evaporation agent, the active ingredient of which contains a sulfite compound, and the structural formula of the sulfite compound is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, R1 and R2 are selected from halogens;

[0039] R3, R3', R4, and R4' are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 alkenyl;

[0040] R5 is selected from halogens.

[0041] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, R1 and R2 are selected from Cl; R5 is selected from F.

[0042] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, R3 and R3' are selected from hydrogen; R4 and R4' are each independently selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH=CH2.

[0043] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the sulfite compounds are selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following:

[0044]

[0045] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the sulfite compounds are selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following:

[0046]

[0047] Beneficial effects:

[0048] (1) High-efficiency water evaporation inhibition performance: The droplet evaporation rate within 30 minutes at 30°C is reduced from 48.70% in the blank group to 24.06%, and the inhibition efficiency exceeds 50%; a stable inhibition effect is still maintained under high-temperature (40°C) conditions (the evaporation rate is reduced from 67.78% to 33.02%).

[0049] (2) Environmental friendliness and synergistic enhancement: The composition does not contain heavy metals and hardly degradable components, and there is no risk of phytotoxicity to plants; after being compounded with a surfactant, the spreading area of the droplet increases by 25% - 30%, and the pesticide utilization rate is increased by 10% - 15%, with both water-saving and precise pesticide application effects.

[0050] (3) Economical and applicable and flexible in operation: The synthesis process is simple (three-step reaction, yield ≥ 70%), and the raw material cost is low; it is suitable for various application methods such as foliar spraying and drip irrigation, and is applicable to complex agricultural environments such as drought and high temperature. Description of the drawings

[0051] Figure 1 Shows the inhibition effect of different compounds on droplet evaporation (sessile drop method);

[0052] Figure 2 Shows the inhibition effect of different compounds on droplet evaporation (pendant drop method);

[0053] Figure 3 Shows the inhibition effect of different concentrations of Compound 1 on droplet evaporation;

[0054] Figure 4 Is a fitting curve graph. Detailed implementation manners

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] In the present invention, the term "inhibiting water evaporation" means a reduction in water loss caused by evaporation.

[0057] In the present invention, the term "C1-C5 alkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon alkyl group, including at least -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH2(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -C(CH3)3, -CH2C(CH3)3, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, etc.

[0058] In the present invention, the term "C1-C5 alkenyl" includes at least -CH=CH2, -CH2-CH=CH2, -CH2CH2-CH=CH2, -CH2CH2CH2-CH=CH2, etc.

[0059] In the present invention, the term "halogen" is selected from F, Cl, Br, and I.

[0060] The intermediate compounds of the present invention can be prepared by a variety of synthetic methods well-known to those skilled in the art, including the specific embodiments listed herein, the embodiments formed by the combination of these with other chemical synthesis methods, and equivalent substitution methods well-known to those skilled in the art. Preferred embodiments include, but are not limited to, the embodiments of the present invention.

[0061] The chemical reactions of the specific embodiments of the present invention are carried out in a suitable solvent, which must be suitable for the chemical changes of the present invention and the required reagents and materials. In order to obtain the compounds of the present invention, sometimes those skilled in the art need to modify or select the synthesis steps or reaction processes based on the existing embodiments.

[0062] In the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compound is not less than 0.001% (w / w), and can be selected from, for example: 0.001%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, etc.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compound can be selected from 0.001% to 50% (w / w).

[0064] In other embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compound can be selected from 0.001% to 10% (w / w).

[0065] In other embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compound can be selected from 0.001% to 5% (w / w).

[0066] In other embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compound can be selected from 0.001% to 1% (w / w).

[0067] In other embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compound can be selected from 0.001% to 0.5% (w / w).

[0068] In other embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compound can be selected from 0.001% to 0.1% (w / w).

[0069] In other embodiments of the present invention, the application concentration of the sulfite compound can be selected from 0.001% to 0.05% (w / w).

[0070] In the present invention, "w / w" represents weight percentage (weight by weight), that is, the mass percentage of the solute in the total mass of the solution. For example, 0.05% (w / w) means that there is 0.05 gram of the target compound in every 100 grams of the solution, and the rest is solvent or adjuvant.

[0071] Suitable surfactants can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual usage requirements. Examples of surfactants that can be used in some embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated castor oil, sodium lauryl sulfate, saponin, ethoxylated alcohol, ethoxylated fatty ester, alkoxylated diol, ethoxylated fatty acid, carboxylated alcohol, carboxylic acid, fatty acid, ethoxylated alkylphenol, fatty ester, sodium dodecyl sulfide, Tween, other fatty acid-based surfactants, other natural or synthetic surfactants, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant. In some embodiments, the surfactant is an ionic surfactant. The selection of a suitable surfactant depends on the relevant application and usage conditions, and suitable surfactants are known to those skilled in the art.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, the surfactant is selected from Tween, and common Tween models include, but are not limited to, Tween-20, Tween-60, and Tween-80.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present invention, during application, the mass ratio of the sulfite compound to the surfactant is 1:0.1 to 20, for example, 1:0.1, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, during application, the concentration of the surfactant is not less than 0.001% (w / w), and for example, it can be selected from: 0.001%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, etc.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present invention, during application, the application concentration of the surfactant can be selected from 0.001% to 50% (w / w).

[0076] In some embodiments of the present invention, during application, the application concentration of the surfactant can be selected from 0.001% to 10% (w / w).

[0077] In some other embodiments of the present invention, during application, the application concentration of the surfactant can be selected from 0.001% to 5% (w / w).

[0078] In some other embodiments of the present invention, during application, the application concentration of the surfactant can be selected from 0.001% to 1% (w / w).

[0079] In some other embodiments of the present invention, during application, the application concentration of the surfactant can be selected from 0.001% to 0.5% (w / w).

[0080] In some other embodiments of the present invention, during application, the application concentration of the surfactant can be selected from 0.001% to 0.1% (w / w).

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, during application, the proportion of the solvent is greater than 1% (w / w), and for example, it can be selected from: 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.9%, 99.99%, etc.

[0082] In some other embodiments of the present invention, during application, the proportion of the solvent can be 50 - 99.99% (w / w).

[0083] A dispersant is a chemical aid that promotes the uniform dispersion of solid particles in a liquid or matrix by reducing the intermolecular forces between particles. In agricultural formulations, dispersants are commonly used in suspension concentrates (SC) and granular formulations (GR). For example, in a water suspension concentrate, a dispersant (such as sodium lignosulfonate or polycarboxylate) can stably disperse ultrafine particles (particle size < 4 microns) of the solid technical material in water, preventing particle aggregation or sedimentation, and thus ensuring uniform distribution of the liquid medicine during spraying. In granular formulations, the dispersant helps the technical material to be uniformly mixed with the carrier (such as clay), prevents component stratification during granulation, and ensures the consistency of the active ingredient inside the particles.

[0084] Wetting agents are a type of surfactants that enhance the wetting and penetration ability of liquid medicine on solid surfaces by reducing the surface tension of the liquid. Their core function is to promote the rapid dispersion of hydrophobic powders or granules in water and improve the spreading uniformity of the liquid medicine on the leaf surface, preventing droplet rebound. For example, in wettable powders (WP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) rapidly wets imidacloprid powder to form a suspension; during foliar spraying, the natural wetting agent saponin can improve the adhesion effect of the liquid medicine on waxy leaves and reduce losses.

[0085] Binders are additives that enhance the mechanical strength of granules or powders through physical or chemical actions, preventing fragmentation or dust generation. In granule formulations (GR), binders (such as polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or starch) bond the active ingredient to the carrier (such as diatomaceous earth) to form a strong granule structure. For example, adding polyvinyl alcohol as a binder to herbicide granules can significantly increase granule hardness, reduce the dusting rate during handling, and ensure slow disintegration of the granules in the field, prolonging the persistence of the drug effect.

[0086] Emulsifiers are surfactants that promote the mixing of two phases and form a stable emulsion by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water. In emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsifiers (such as Tween - 80, AEO - 9, or alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) dissolve a high - concentration active ingredient in an organic solvent (such as xylene) and mix it with water to form a homogeneous emulsion. For example, adding Tween - 80 as an emulsifier to chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate can form a stable emulsion after dilution, preventing oil - water separation and ensuring uniform coverage of the liquid medicine on the crop surface. In addition, emulsifiers can also be used in microemulsions (ME) to achieve nano - scale emulsion dispersion by reducing the interfacial tension.

[0087] Stabilizers are a class of functional aids used to maintain the chemical stability (such as anti - decomposition) and physical stability (such as anti - precipitation, anti - stratification) of formulations. In suspension concentrates (SC), stabilizers (such as xanthan gum, magnesium aluminum silicate, or bentonite) can prevent solid particles from settling or caking, extending the shelf life. For example, adding xanthan gum to a fungicide suspension concentrate can significantly improve the stability of the suspension and prevent stratification during storage. In granule formulations, stabilizers (such as antioxidant BHT or light stabilizer UV - 326) can prevent the oxidation or photolysis of the active ingredient in the granules, ensuring long - lasting drug effects. For example, insecticidal granules containing BHT can still maintain the activity of the active ingredient in high - temperature environments.

[0088] Emulsifiable concentrate is a type of agricultural formulation. It is a liquid formed by dissolving a relatively high - concentration active ingredient in a solvent and adding an emulsifier. Generally, it is diluted with a large amount of water into a stable emulsion and sprayed with a sprayer, or it can also be used for low - volume spraying or even ultra - low - volume spraying. It can be used directly or sprayed after dilution with water.

[0089] Aqueous agent is a solution of the technical material. The agent is uniformly dispersed in water in the form of ions or molecules. The concentration of the agent depends on the water solubility of the technical material, usually its maximum solubility in general cases, and is diluted with water before use.

[0090] Emulsion in water is a preparation in which a liquid or a liquid technical material prepared by mixing with a solvent is uniformly dispersed in water in the form of small droplets with a size of 0.5 - 1.5 microns, and its appearance is milky white like milk. It consists of active ingredients, emulsifiers, dispersants, antifreeze agents, etc. The water solubility of its active ingredients is usually required to be below 1000 mg / L. The emulsifier can reduce the surface and interfacial tensions to disperse the oil phase into tiny oil droplets and stably exist in the water phase. The dispersant and thickener can cooperate to improve the low-temperature and freeze-thaw stability, while the antifreeze agent improves the low-temperature stability of the preparation.

[0091] Soluble concentrate is a pesticide formulation. It is a homogeneous and transparent liquid formulation in which the active ingredient is dissolved in a suitable solvent. The active ingredient in this formulation usually has good water solubility or high solubility in a specific solvent.

[0092] Microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable, isotropic, transparent or semi-transparent liquid formulation. It is a colloidal dispersion system with a particle size between 0.01 - 0.1 microns formed by components such as the technical material, surfactants, co-surfactants, and water under appropriate conditions. The microemulsion has high stability and is not prone to phenomena such as stratification and precipitation during storage. Its appearance is transparent or semi-transparent, similar to a microemulsion, which enables it to be more uniformly dispersed in water during use to form a stable emulsion, facilitating accurate metering and dilution.

[0093] Suspension concentrate refers to a preparation in which the solid technical material is uniformly dispersed in water in the form of particles with a size below 4 microns. Its international code is SC. It has fine particle size, generally with a particle diameter of 0.1 - 3 μm, and high suspension rate. Suspension concentrates are divided into water suspension concentrates and oil suspension concentrates. Water suspension concentrate uses water as the suspension medium, while oil suspension concentrate uses oils as the suspension medium and does not contain water. Commonly used oils are vegetable oils such as corn oil and rapeseed oil. Suspension concentrates can completely dispense with organic solvents and are a good formulation for processing solid technical materials. Suspension concentrate is a mixture of solid powder and liquid suspended in water, which needs to be shaken well before use and then diluted with water for spraying. Suspension concentrates are easy to carry and dilute, can be sprayed evenly, and have good adhesion and long-lasting efficacy.

[0094] Oil suspension concentrate is a formulation in which a water-insoluble pesticide technical material is uniformly dispersed in an oil-phase medium in the form of tiny particles. It mainly consists of the technical material, oil carriers, dispersants, emulsifiers, thickeners, etc. Vegetable oils or mineral oils are usually selected as the oil carriers to provide a dispersion medium for the technical material. The functions of the dispersant and emulsifier are to uniformly disperse and stabilize the technical material particles in the oil phase to prevent particle aggregation and sedimentation. The thickener is used to adjust the viscosity of the formulation to make it have good fluidity and stability.

[0095] Microcapsule suspension is a dosage form in which the active ingredient is encapsulated within a tiny capsule wall to form microcapsules with a certain particle size and suspended in the aqueous phase. It consists of various components such as the technical material, capsule wall material, emulsifier, dispersant, solvent, water, etc. Microcapsule suspension has many advantages. First of all, it can effectively extend the effective period of the drug. Through the slow release effect of the capsule wall, the drug can continuously exert its efficacy for a long time. Secondly, it can reduce the toxicity and irritation of the drug. Since the active ingredient is encapsulated within the capsule, the direct contact with the external environment and organisms is reduced, making it safer for humans, livestock and beneficial organisms.

[0096] The mother liquor is a concentrated system formed by premixing the active ingredient with solvents, adjuvants, etc. in a specific ratio. Its appearance can be a transparent solution, suspension or viscous paste depending on the components. For example, the mother liquor of emulsifiable concentrate often consists of the technical material (such as pyrethroids), solvent (xylene) and emulsifier (such as alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether), and is diluted with water in a certain ratio to form a spray solution when in use.

[0097] In the present invention, the sulfite compounds can be used in combination with foliar fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers, compound fertilizers, pesticides, plant regulators, biostimulants, soil conditioners, and are adapted to application methods such as foliar spraying, seed treatment, and root irrigation to achieve all-round efficiency increase in agricultural production: (1) Combined synergistic mechanism: When compounded with foliar fertilizers or pesticides, the compound inhibits evaporation to extend the droplet residence time and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients or active ingredients. For example, spraying tomatoes with a humic acid foliar fertilizer can enhance fruit quality; when combined with water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation, it forms a water retention barrier on the soil surface, optimizes the slow-release performance of nitrogen fertilizer, and reduces irrigation requirements; when combined with pesticides, it improves the control effect in high-temperature environments by delaying droplet drying, while reducing the application frequency and residue risk; (2) Effects of multiple application methods: Foliar spraying (preferred): Forms a uniform molecular film to reduce water evaporation and transpiration stress. For example, it protects crops from burns in high-temperature and arid areas; Seed treatment: The film-forming property promotes germination and root development. For example, the drought resistance and resistance to soil-borne diseases of wheat are significantly enhanced after soaking the seeds; Root irrigation application: Constructs a soil water retention layer to extend the utility period of water and fertilizer. For example, it promotes the healthy growth of roots in the application of corn fields, etc.

[0098] As used in the present invention, "application" refers to the technical act of adding a specific substance (such as fertilizer, pesticide, modifier, etc.) to the soil, plant or environment through manual or mechanical means to achieve the purpose of improving crop growth conditions, preventing and controlling pests and diseases, adjusting soil properties or optimizing agricultural production.

[0099] The "foliar fertilizer" described in the present invention refers to a type of fertilizer that is applied to the surface of plant leaves by spraying, can be directly absorbed by the leaves and participate in plant metabolism. Its characteristic is that it acts directly on the plant body by bypassing the soil, can quickly supplement nutrients, and is especially used when root absorption is limited or when it is necessary to correct nutrient deficiency symptoms in a timely manner. For example, water-soluble solutions containing amino acids and trace elements belong to this category.

[0100] The "water-soluble fertilizer" described in the present invention is a multi-element compound fertilizer that can be completely dissolved in water, usually containing major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as medium and trace elements (such as calcium, magnesium, iron, etc.), and some add organic components such as amino acids and humic acids. Its characteristic is that it is suitable for water and fertilizer integration technologies such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, and has the characteristics of quick-acting, flexible formulation, and high utilization rate.

[0101] The "compound fertilizer" described in the present invention is a compound fertilizer that contains at least two of the three nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Its nutrient ratio is fixed and it is suitable for basic soil fertilization, complementing foliar fertilizers or water-soluble fertilizers. For example, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (containing phosphorus and potassium) belongs to this category.

[0102] The "pesticide" described in the present invention is a chemical or biological agent used to prevent, eliminate, or control pests and diseases in agriculture and forestry and to regulate plant growth. It includes categories such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators. Attention should be paid to the difference from foliar fertilizers: pesticides are mainly used to control harmful organisms, while foliar fertilizers are mainly used to supplement nutrients, but the two can be mixed and applied to improve efficiency.

[0103] The "plant regulator" described in the present invention is a type of active substance that affects plant development by regulating plant physiological processes (such as growth, flowering, and fruiting). It includes natural hormones (such as auxin, gibberellin) and synthetic analogs, etc., and needs to be distinguished from fertilizers because its function focuses on physiological regulation rather than nutrient supply. For example, chitosan, as a biostimulant, can enhance plant stress resistance.

[0104] The "biostimulant" described in the present invention is a substance or microorganism that improves plant growth by promoting nutrient absorption, enhancing abiotic stress resistance (such as drought, salinity), or improving quality.

[0105] The "soil conditioner" described in the present invention is a material used to improve the physical, chemical, or biological properties of the soil, such as adjusting the pH value, increasing organic matter, or promoting the activities of beneficial microorganisms. Its core function is to optimize the soil environment rather than directly provide nutrients.

[0106] As used in this application, "comprising" or "including" is interpreted in their open-ended meaning, that is, it is stipulated that the specified features, elements, steps, or components exist, but it does not exclude the existence or addition of further features, elements, steps, or components.

[0107] In the present invention, the "solvent" used can be selected from water, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, esters or carboxylic acids, and can include non-aromatic ketones, non-aromatic alcohols, non-aromatic aldehydes, non-aromatic esters, non-aromatic carboxylic acids, aromatic alcohols, aromatic-alkyl alcohols, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic-alkyl ketones, aromatic-aryl ketones, aromatic carboxylic acids, aromatic-alkyl esters, aromatic-aryl esters, aromatic-alkyl ethers, aromatic-aryl ethers and / or combinations thereof.

[0108] In some embodiments, the "organic solvent" can be selected from hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing solvents, natural source solvents, special functional solvents and their composite systems, such as: n-hexane, toluene, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, castor oil, turpentine, etc.

[0109] In some embodiments, the solvent includes water, ethanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol, acetone, acetophenone, water, glycerol, castor oil, ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated amides, glycerides, butanol, 1-propanol, hexanol, other alcohols, dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol, etc.

[0110] Example 1: Synthesis of sulfite compounds

[0111] (1) Synthesis of Compound 1

[0112]

[0113] Step 1:

[0114]

[0115] 2,4-Dichlorophenol (1g, 6.2mmol) was added to the reaction bottle, dissolved with 20mL DMF, propylene oxide (722mg, 7.6mmol) and cesium carbonate (8g, 24.8mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated in a 100°C oil bath for reaction. After 6h, the reaction was complete as monitored by TLC, 100mL of water was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (30mL×3), washed with saturated brine, and the organic phase was collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure, and separated and purified to obtain compound iii-1 (989mg, colorless transparent liquid).

[0116] Step 2:

[0117]

[0118] Add thionyl chloride (803 mg, 6.8 mmol) to the reaction flask, dissolve it with 20 mL of dichloromethane, move to 0°C ice bath and stir, slowly add compound iii-1 (989 mg, 4.5 mmol) dropwise. After the addition is complete, move to room temperature to react for 10 hours. After the reaction is complete as monitored by TLC, concentrate the reaction solution under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow oily substance, which is the crude product of compound v-1, for later use.

[0119] Step 3:

[0120]

[0121] Add compound vi-1 (346 mg, 5.4 mmol) into a reaction flask. After adding triethylamine (683 mg, 6.8 mmol), transfer it to an ice bath at 0 °C and stir. Slowly add dropwise compound v-1 (1269 mg, 4.5 mmol). After the dropwise addition is complete, transfer it to room temperature and react for 6 h. After monitoring the reaction to completion by TLC, add 100 mL of water to the reaction solution, extract it with dichloromethane (30 mL × 3), wash with saturated brine, collect the organic phase, dry it over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrate it under reduced pressure. Purify it by column chromatography to obtain compound 1 (902 mg, homogeneous liquid).

[0122] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.01 - 4.93 (m, 1H), 4.74–4.66 (m, 1H), 4.63–4.55 (m, 1H), 4.40 - 4.31 (m, 1H), 4.31 - 4.22 (m, 1H), 4.10 (dd, J = 10.0, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (dd, J = 10.0, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 1.52 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 3H) ppm.

[0123] HRMS (ESI) Calcd. For C 11 H 14 Cl2FO4SNa + [M+Na] + 352.9768; Found: 352.9786, 354.9758.

[0124] (2) Synthesis of compound 2

[0125]

[0126] Referring to the synthesis method of compound 1, where propylene oxide in step 1 is replaced by ethylene carbonate, and through step 2 and step 3, compound 2 is synthesized.

[0127] 11H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.65–4.62 (m, 1H), 4.53–4.49 (m, 1H), 4.34–4.30 (m, 2H), 4.25–4.18 (m, 3H) ppm.

[0128] HRMS (ESI) Calcd. For C 10 H 11 O4Cl2FS + [M + H] + 316.9739; Found: 316.09658.

[0129] (3) Synthesis of Compound 3

[0130]

[0131] Referring to the synthesis method of Compound 1, wherein propylene oxide in Step 1 is replaced with 1,2 - epoxybutane, and through Steps 2 and 3, Compound 3 is synthesized.

[0132] 1 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32–7.29 (m, 1H), 7.14–7.09 (m, 1H), 6.85–6.81 (m, 1H), 4.75–3.96 (m, 7H), 1.86 - 1.66 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) ppm.

[0133] HRMS (ESI) Calcd. For C 12 H 15 O4Cl2FS + [M + H] + 344.0052; Found: 344.0026.

[0134] (4) Synthesis of Compound 4

[0135]

[0136] Referring to the synthesis method of Compound 1, wherein propylene oxide in Step 1 is replaced with epoxybutene, and through Steps 2 and 3, Compound 4 is synthesized.

[0137] 11H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31 (dd, J = 2.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J = 8.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.95–5.87 (m, 1H), 5.48 (d, J = 17.2, Hz, 1H), 5.39 - 5.33 (m, 1H), 5.17–5.10 (m, 1H), 4.65 - 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.54 - 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.40 - 4.12 (m, 2H), 4.06 - 3.97 (m, 2H) ppm.

[0138] (5) Synthesis of Compound 5

[0139]

[0140] Referring to the synthesis method of Compound 1, where propylene oxide in Step 1 is replaced with methyloxirane, and through Steps 2 and 3, Compound 5 is synthesized.

[0141] 1 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.61–4.57 (m, 1H), 4.49–4.45 (m, 1H), 4.30–2.34 (m, 1H), 4.21–4.18 (m, 1H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 1.58 (s, 3H), 1.57 (s, 3H) ppm.

[0142] HRMS (ESI) Calcd. For C 12 H 16 Cl2FO4S + [M + H] + 345.0125; Found: 345.0143. Test Example 1: Measurement of Droplet Evaporation Inhibition Rate by Hanging Drop Method

[0143] 1. Sample Preparation:

[0144] CK (blank group): 50% (w / w) tween80, 50% (w / w) deionized water. Equal masses of deionized water and tween 80 are mixed to form a homogeneous liquid, which is reserved as the blank group test solution;

[0145] Methyl Esterified Soybean Oil: 50% (w / w) tween80, 50% (w / w) methyl esterified soybean oil. Equal masses of methyl esterified soybean oil and tween 80 are mixed to form a homogeneous liquid, which is reserved as the test solution;

[0146] Compound 1: 50% (w / w) Tween 80, 50% (w / w) Compound 1. Equal masses of Compound 1 and Tween 80 were mixed evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, which was used as the test solution for standby.

[0147] Compound 2: 50% (w / w) Tween 80, 50% (w / w) Compound 2. Equal masses of Compound 2 and Tween 80 were mixed evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, which was used as the test solution for standby.

[0148] Compound 3: 50% (w / w) Tween 80, 50% (w / w) Compound 3. Equal masses of Compound 3 and Tween 80 were mixed evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, which was used as the test solution for standby.

[0149] Compound 4: 50% (w / w) Tween 80, 50% (w / w) Compound 4. Equal masses of Compound 4 and Tween 80 were mixed evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, which was used as the test solution for standby.

[0150] Compound 5: 50% (w / w) Tween 80, 50% (w / w) Compound 5. Equal masses of Compound 5 and Tween 80 were mixed evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, which was used as the test solution for standby.

[0151] 2. Experimental method

[0152] (1) Weigh 0.1 g ± 0.001 g of the test solution and dilute it 1000 times with standard deionized water to 100 g to form the sample to be detected.

[0153] (2) After sucking the sample to be detected with a micro syringe, fix the micro syringe in the syringe fixing groove of the contact angle measuring instrument, vertically fix it above the temperature control box, and insert the needle of the micro syringe into the inside of the temperature control box to avoid the influence of environmental temperature and humidity on the evaporation of the liquid droplet. The temperature of the water bath connected to the temperature control box is 30 °C.

[0154] (3) After the instrument is stable, use the SCA20 software to control the droplet generator on the measuring instrument to generate a single droplet of 15 μL. At this time, the droplet hangs on the needle of the micro syringe.

[0155] (4) Select video recording, and automatically photograph the droplet through the CCD lens of the image acquisition device to record the whole process of droplet evaporation; use the SCA20 software for data processing to obtain the change of droplet volume with time, and calculate the droplet evaporation rate through the formula.

[0156] For this experiment, the data of droplet evaporation rate and droplet evaporation inhibition rate were both studied at an evaporation time of 30 min. The temperature during measurement is 30 °C.

[0157] Droplet evaporation rate = (Initial droplet volume - Final droplet volume) / Initial droplet volume;

[0158] Evaporation inhibition rate (%) = (W f - W d ) / W f × 100% (W f : Water evaporation amount of the blank group; W d : Water evaporation amount of the test group).

[0159] 3. Result analysis

[0160] The results showed (Table 1 and Figure 1 ), the addition of Compound 1 and 3 significantly inhibited droplet evaporation. At 30 minutes, the evaporation rate of the blank group reached 48.70%, while those of the Compound 1 and 3 groups decreased to 24.06% and 27.79% respectively, and both showed a linear inhibition trend within 30 minutes (R 2 > 0.98), while Compound 2 (37.33%), 4 (38.26%) and 5 (43.00%) also showed certain inhibitory effects; in addition, Compound 1 had the highest evaporation inhibition rate (50.60%), significantly superior to methylated soybean oil (49.92%) and other compounds; Compound 3 had the second highest inhibition rate of 42.94%, superior to Compound 2 (23.36%), Compound 4 (21.45%) and Compound 5 (11.70%); its mechanism of action may involve the formation of a dynamic interfacial film through intermolecular interactions, thereby reducing the mass transfer efficiency at the liquid-gas interface. The inhibition rates of Compound 1 and methylated soybean oil were close, but Compound 1 had an advantage in long-term applications due to its more stable molecular structure.

[0161] Table 1 Evaporation rate and evaporation inhibition rate (%) of different compounds at 30 °C from 0 to 30 min

[0162]

[0163] Experimental Example 2: Measuring the droplet evaporation inhibition rate by the sessile drop method

[0164] 1. Sample preparation:

[0165] The sample preparation method was the same as that in Experimental Example 1.

[0166] 2. Experimental method

[0167] (1) Weigh 0.1 g ± 0.001 g of the test solution and dilute it 1000 times with standard deionized water to 100 g to form the sample to be detected;

[0168] (2) To better simulate the evaporation of droplets on the leaf surface, a standard paraffin sheet was used to simulate the waxy layer on the leaf surface. After sucking the test liquid with a micro syringe, the micro syringe was fixed in the syringe fixing groove of the contact angle measuring instrument. After the instrument was stable, the droplet generator on the measuring instrument was controlled by SCA20 software to generate a single 10 μL droplet, and the droplet was added onto the surface of the standard paraffin sheet. The standard paraffin sheet was placed in a temperature control box to avoid the influence of environmental temperature and humidity on droplet evaporation. The temperature of the water bath connected to the temperature control box was 30 °C;

[0169] (3) Select video recording, and automatically photograph the droplet through the CCD lens of the image acquisition device (the photographing time interval is 2 s), and record the whole process of droplet evaporation; data processing was carried out through SCA20 software to obtain the change of droplet volume with time, and the droplet evaporation rate was calculated through the formula.

[0170] For the data of droplet evaporation rate and droplet evaporation inhibition rate in this experiment, the evaporation time of 5 min was taken for research. The temperature during measurement was 30 °C.

[0171] Droplet evaporation rate = (initial droplet volume - final droplet volume) / initial droplet volume.

[0172] Evaporation inhibition rate (%) = (W f -W d ) / W f ×100% (W f : water evaporation amount of the blank group; W d : water evaporation amount of the test group).

[0173] 2. Result analysis

[0174] The experimental results showed ( Figure 2 and Table 2) that Compound 1 and Compound 2 showed significant evaporation inhibition effects within 5 minutes. The evaporation rate of the control group reached 16.09% in 5 minutes, while those of the Compound 1 and 2 groups decreased to 9.11% and 10.61% respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that the inhibition efficiencies of the two were 43.3% and 33.0% respectively in the 5-minute stage, which were significantly better than other test compounds. In addition, the evaporation inhibition rate of Compound 1 was the highest (43.35%), which was significantly better than methylated soybean oil and other compounds.

[0175] Table 2 Evaporation rate and evaporation inhibition rate (%) of different compounds at 30 °C from 0 to 5 min

[0176]

[0177] Test Example 3: Relationship between compound concentration and anti-evaporation performance

[0178] 1. Sample preparation:

[0179] CK (blank group): 50% (w / w) tween80, 50% (w / w) deionized water. The deionized water and tween 80 were mixed evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, and the prepared liquid of the blank group was reserved for later use.

[0180] 4% Compound 1: 50% (w / w) tween80, 4% (w / w) Compound 1, 46% (w / w) deionized water. Weighed 0.4g ± 0.001g of Compound 1 and 5g ± 0.001g of tween 80 and mixed them evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, then added 4.6g ± 0.001g of deionized water and mixed evenly to prepare the liquid to be measured for later use.

[0181] 10% Compound 1: 50% (w / w) tween80, 10% (w / w) Compound 1, 40% (w / w) deionized water. Weighed 1g ± 0.001g of Compound 1 and 5g ± 0.001g of tween 80 and mixed them evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, then added 4g ± 0.001g of deionized water and mixed evenly to prepare the liquid to be measured for later use.

[0182] 50% Compound 1: 50% (w / w) tween80, 50% (w / w) Compound 1. Weighed equal masses of Compound 1 and tween 80 and mixed them evenly to form a homogeneous liquid, and the prepared liquid to be measured was reserved for later use.

[0183] 2. Experimental method

[0184] (1) Respectively weighed 0.1g ± 0.001g of the liquid to be measured and diluted it 1000 times with standard deionized water to 100g to form the sample to be detected.

[0185] (2) After sucking the sample to be detected with a micro syringe, fixed the micro syringe in the syringe fixing groove of the contact angle measuring instrument, vertically fixed it above the temperature control box, and inserted the needle of the micro syringe into the inside of the temperature control box to avoid the influence of environmental temperature and humidity on the evaporation of the liquid droplet. The temperature of the water bath connected to the temperature control box was 40°C.

[0186] (3) After the instrument was stable, controlled the droplet generator on the measuring instrument through the SCA20 software to generate a single 15μL droplet. At this time, the droplet was suspended on the needle of the micro syringe.

[0187] (4) Selected video recording, automatically photographed the droplet through the CCD lens of the image acquisition device, and recorded the whole process of droplet evaporation; processed the data through the SCA20 software to obtain the change of droplet volume with time, and calculated the droplet evaporation rate through the formula.

[0188] For this experiment, the data of droplet evaporation rate and droplet evaporation inhibition rate were both studied with an evaporation time of 30 minutes. The temperature during measurement was 40°C.

[0189] Droplet evaporation rate = (Initial droplet volume - Final droplet volume) / Initial droplet volume.

[0190] Evaporation inhibition rate (%) = (W f -W d ) / W f × 100% (W f : Water evaporation amount of the blank group; W d : Water evaporation amount of the test group).

[0191] 3. Result analysis

[0192] In this experimental exploration, it was found that the addition of Compound 1 had a very significant improvement effect on the anti-evaporation characteristics of the droplets. In the blank group, after 30 minutes of observation time, the evaporation rate of the droplets had already reached as high as 67.78%, which means that more than two-thirds of the droplets had evaporated within this half hour, and the water loss situation was quite serious. When Compound 1 was added to the droplet system, the situation was greatly improved. At the same 30-minute mark, the evaporation rate of the droplets containing Compound 1 was only in the range of 30% - 50%; at 30 min, its evaporation inhibition rate reached a maximum of 51.30%, demonstrating its excellent anti-evaporation effect, effectively slowing down the rate of water loss of the droplets and enhancing the stability of the droplets ( Figure 3 and Table 3).

[0193] Table 3 Evaporation rate and evaporation inhibition rate (%) of Compound 1 at different concentrations at 40°C

[0194]

[0195] Furthermore, linear fitting was performed on the evaporation rate data measured for the droplets at each time period. From the trend presented by the fitting curve, a very obvious pattern could be observed. As the addition amount of Compound 1 gradually increased, the evaporation rate of the droplets showed a significant decrease. This fully indicates that there is a close relationship between the addition amount of Compound 1 and the anti-evaporation ability of the droplets. The more the addition amount, the stronger the anti-evaporation ability of the droplets ( Figure 4 ).

[0196] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing water evaporation, characterized in that Apply a sulfite compound to water. The structural formula of the sulfite compound is as follows: Wherein, R1 and R2 are selected from halogens; R3, R3’, R4, and R4’ are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, and C1-C5 alkenyl; R5 is selected from halogens.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are selected from Cl; R5 is selected from F.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein R3 and R3’ are selected from hydrogen; R4 and R4’ are each independently selected from hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, and -CH=CH2.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The sulfite compound is selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following:

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The sulfite compound is selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following:

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application concentration of the sulfite compound is not less than 0.001% (w / w).

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein The application concentration of the sulfite compound is 0.001%-50% (w / w).

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein During application, a surfactant or / and a solvent are also included.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein During application, the mass ratio of the sulfite compound to the surfactant is 1:0.1-20, and the concentration of the surfactant is not less than 0.001% (w / w); the balance is the solvent.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein The surfactant is selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following: ethoxylated castor oil, sodium lauryl sulfate, saponin, ethoxylated alcohol, ethoxylated fatty ester, alkoxylated diol, ethoxylated fatty acid, carboxylated alcohol, carboxylic acid, fatty acid, ethoxylated alkylphenol, fatty ester, sodium dodecyl sulfide, and Tween; The solvent is selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following: water, ethanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol, acetone, acetophenone, water, glycerol, castor oil, ethoxylated alcohol, ethoxylated amide, glycerol ester, butanol, 1-propanol, hexanol, other alcohols, dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein Make the sulfite compound into an agricultural product for use. The agricultural product also includes one or more of the following auxiliary materials: dispersant, wetting agent, binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, and solvent.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein The dosage form of the product is emulsifiable concentrate, aqueous solution, emulsion in water, soluble solution, microemulsion, suspension concentrate, oil suspension concentrate, microcapsule suspension concentrate, and mother liquor.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein Use the agricultural product made from the sulfite compound in combination with foliar fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer, compound fertilizer, pesticide, plant regulator, biostimulant, and soil conditioner.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein During use, treat seeds, spray on the leaf surface, or irrigate the roots with the sulfite compound or the agricultural product made therefrom.

15. An anti-evaporation agent, characterized in that, Its active ingredient contains a sulfite compound. The structural formula of the sulfite compound is as follows: Wherein, R1 and R2 are selected from halogens; R3, R3’, R4, and R4’ are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, and C1-C5 alkenyl; R5 is selected from halogens.

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