Fermented feed for improving growth performance of aquatic animals and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the fermented feed for improving the growth performance of the aquatic animals comprises the following steps: (1) preparing maggot powder; (2) weighing soybean meal, orange peel powder, corn starch, maggot powder, paper mulberry bark pulp, sodium selenite and monopotassium phosphate to obtain a fermentation medium; (3) inoculating the schizophyllum commune liquid into the fermentation culture medium in the step (2) to obtain a fermentation mixture; and (4) adding lactobacillus plantarum liquid, sucrose fatty acid ester, phospholipid and sunflower bud extract into the fermented mixture in the step (3), and fermenting for a period of time to obtain the fermented feed. By feeding the grass carps with the prepared fermented feed, the growth and development capability of the grass carps can be promoted, the immunity of the grass carps is improved, and the fermented feed has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid economic development in China, people's living standards have been greatly improved, which has led to an increasing demand for livestock products. Due to the rich nutritional components and delicious taste of aquatic products, they are widely welcomed in the market. Correspondingly, the scale of artificial aquaculture has increased with the market demand, and the development prospect is broad. At present, in order to pursue higher aquaculture efficiency and income, the density of most aquaculture is higher than that in nature. On this basis, the water body is easily polluted, and aquatic products are also prone to diseases, resulting in reduced production and seriously affecting the economic income of aquaculture. The macromolecular substances such as proteins and carbohydrates in traditional aquatic feeds are difficult to be completely digested and absorbed by aquatic animals, leading to low feed utilization rate and increased breeding costs. Traditional feeds have a fast dissolution rate in water, are easily lost, and damage the breeding environment.

[0003] Under this background, microbial feeds have emerged as the times require. Microbial fermented feeds refer to feeds in which macromolecular substances in the feeds are degraded into small molecular substances (such as small peptides, amino acids, etc.) through the fermentation of microorganisms, which are more easily digested and absorbed by aquatic animals. At the same time, various digestive enzymes and nutritional factors can also be produced during the fermentation process to assist aquatic animals in digesting and absorbing the nutrients in the feeds. During the fermentation process, microorganisms can degrade the anti-nutritional factors in the feeds, reducing their adverse effects on the health of aquatic animals; and fermented feeds have a slow dissolution rate in water, are not easily lost, and can reduce the pollution of residual baits and feces to water quality and bottom sediment. At the same time, the beneficial bacteria in fermented feeds can also decompose the organic matter in the water body and purify the water quality.

[0004] Based on the above purposes, the present invention provides a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals.

[0006] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Take dry Ghibellina larvae, crush the insect bodies to obtain Ghibellina larvae powder, and set aside;

[0010] (2) Weigh each raw material of soybean meal, orange peel powder, corn starch, fly maggot powder, paper mulberry bark pulp, sodium selenite, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, add water and stir evenly. After sterilization, a fermentation medium is obtained.

[0011] (3) Inoculate the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid into the fermentation medium in step (2). After fermentation, a fermentation mixture is obtained.

[0012] (4) Add the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, sucrose fatty acid ester, phospholipid, and sunflower sprout extract to the fermentation mixture in step (3), stir evenly, and after fermentation, dry and pulverize to obtain fermented feed.

[0013] Furthermore, the weight parts of each raw material in step (2) are as follows: 5 - 10 parts of soybean meal, 2 - 4 parts of orange peel powder, 5 - 10 parts of corn starch, 1 - 3 parts of fly maggot powder, 1 - 3 parts of paper mulberry bark pulp, 0.5 - 1.5 of sodium selenite, and 0.5 - 1.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the amount of water used is 4 - 6 times the total weight of the raw materials.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the paper mulberry bark pulp is as follows: pulverize the paper mulberry bark, add it to the NaOH solution for soaking, then remove the NaOH solution and wash it with water until neutral. After pulping, paper mulberry bark pulp is obtained.

[0015] Furthermore, the temperature of the soaking is 90 - 100 °C, the soaking time is 70 - 80 min, the mass fraction of the NaOH solution is 15%, and the mass ratio of the paper mulberry bark to the NaOH solution is 1:10.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps for preparing the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid in step (3) are as follows: inoculate Schizophyllum commune according to an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% into the PDA liquid medium and culture for 24 - 48 h; the specific steps for preparing the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid in step (4) are as follows: inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum according to an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% into the MRS liquid medium and culture for 24 - 48 h.

[0017] Furthermore, the inoculation amount of the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid in step (3) is 4 - 6 v / v%, and the bacterial concentration of the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid is 1.0 - 1.5×10 9 CFU / mL; the fermentation temperature is 25 - 28 °C, and the fermentation time is 3 - 5 d.

[0018] Furthermore, the inoculation amount of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid in step (4) is 4 - 6 v / v%, and the bacterial concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid is 1.0 - 1.5×10 9 CFU / mL; the fermentation temperature is 30 - 37 °C, and the fermentation time is 18 - 24 h.

[0019] Further, in the step (4), the mass of sucrose fatty acid ester is 0.2-0.4% of the mass of the fermentation mixture, the mass of phospholipid is 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the fermentation mixture, and the mass of sunflower bud extract is 1.0-2.0% of the mass of the fermentation mixture.

[0020] A fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals is prepared according to the preparation method of the fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals described above.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The present invention provides a preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals. In the fermentation process, basic feeds such as soybean meal and corn starch are used as the main components, supplemented with fly maggot powder, paper mulberry bark pulp, sodium selenite, etc., for fermentation. The obtained fermentation mixture is then added with Lactobacillus plantarum, sucrose fatty acid ester, phospholipid, sunflower bud extract, etc. for continuous fermentation. The finally obtained fermented feed can promote the growth and development ability of grass carp, improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients; at the same time, improve the immunity of grass carp, reduce the use of antibiotics and other drugs, and has broad application prospects. Specific embodiments

[0023] Next, in combination with specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described. It should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, the following-described embodiments or technical features can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments. The specific conditions not specified in the embodiments are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are all conventional products obtained through commercial channels without special instructions.

[0024] The sunflower bud extract used in the present invention is purchased from Henan Guoxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] (1) Take dried fly maggots, crush the worm bodies to obtain fly maggot powder, and set aside;

[0028] (2) Crush paper mulberry bark, add a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 15% and soak it at 95°C for 75 min. Among them, the mass ratio of paper mulberry bark to the NaOH solution is 1:10; then remove the NaOH solution and wash it with water until neutral, and extrude and pulp it with a twin-screw extruder, with a screw speed of 17 r / min and a pressure of 4 MPa to obtain paper mulberry bark pulp.

[0029] (3) Weigh 7 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of orange peel powder, 7 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of fly maggot powder, 2 parts of paper mulberry bark pulp, 1.0 part of sodium selenite, and 1.0 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Mix the raw materials evenly with water. The amount of water used is 5 times the total weight of the raw materials. After sterilization, a fermentation medium is obtained;

[0030] (4) Inoculate Schizophyllum commune into PDA liquid medium at an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% and culture for 36 h to obtain Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid. The bacterial concentration of the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid is 1.2×10 9 CFU / mL; Inoculate the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid into the fermentation medium in step (3) at an inoculation amount of 5 v / v%. Place it in a shaker at 26°C and ferment at 200 rpm for 4 d to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0031] (5) Inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS liquid medium at an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% and culture for 36 h to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid. The bacterial concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid is 1.2×10 9 CFU / mL. Add 5 v / v% of Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, 0.3% of sucrose fatty acid ester by mass fraction, 0.2% of phospholipid by mass fraction, and 1.5% of sunflower sprout extract by mass fraction to the fermentation mixture in step (4). Place it in a shaker at 33°C, mix evenly and ferment at 200 rpm for 21 h; After drying and crushing at 90°C, granular fermented feed is obtained.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] (1) Take dry fly maggots, crush the worm bodies to obtain fly maggot powder, and set aside;

[0035] (2) Crush paper mulberry bark, add a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 15% and soak it at 90°C for 70 min. The paper mulberry bark and the NaOH solution are in a mass ratio of 1:10; Then remove the NaOH solution and wash it with water until neutral. Use a twin-screw extruder to extrude and pulp. The screw speed is 15 r / min and the pressure is 3 MPa to obtain paper mulberry bark pulp.

[0036] (3) Weigh 5 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of orange peel powder, 5 parts of corn starch, 1 part of fly maggot powder, 1 part of paper mulberry bark pulp, 0.5 part of sodium selenite, and 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Mix the raw materials evenly with water. The amount of water used is 4 times the total weight of the raw materials. After sterilization, a fermentation medium is obtained;

[0037] (4) Inoculate Schizophyllum commune into PDA liquid medium at an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% and culture for 24 h to obtain Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid. The bacterial concentration of the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid is 1.0×109 CFU / mL; Inoculate the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid into the fermentation medium in step (3) at an inoculation amount of 4 v / v%, place it in a shaker at 25°C, and ferment at 200 rpm for 3 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0038] (5) Inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS liquid medium at an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% and culture for 24 h to obtain a Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, and the bacterial concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid is 1.0×10 9 CFU / mL. Add 4 v / v% of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, 0.2% sucrose fatty acid ester by mass fraction, 0.1% phospholipid by mass fraction, and 1.0% sunflower sprout extract by mass fraction to the fermentation mixture in step (4), place it in a shaker at 30°C, mix evenly and ferment at 200 rpm for 18 h; After drying and crushing at 90°C, granular fermented feed is obtained.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Take dry Grywia dorsalis, crush the insect body to obtain Grywia dorsalis powder, and set aside;

[0042] (2) Crush Broussonetia papyrifera bark, add a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 15% for soaking, where the mass ratio of Broussonetia papyrifera bark to the NaOH solution is 1:10; then remove the NaOH solution and wash with water until neutral, and extrude and pulp with a twin-screw extruder, with a screw speed of 20 r / min and a pressure of 5 MPa to obtain Broussonetia papyrifera bark pulp.

[0043] (3) Weigh 10 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of orange peel powder, 10 parts of corn starch, 3 parts of Grywia dorsalis powder, 3 parts of Broussonetia papyrifera bark pulp, 1.5 parts of sodium selenite, and 1.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for each raw material, add water and stir evenly, and the water consumption is 6 times the total weight of each raw material, and obtain a fermentation medium after sterilization;

[0044] (4) Inoculate Schizophyllum commune into PDA liquid medium at an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% and culture for 48 h to obtain a Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid, and the bacterial concentration of the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid is 1.5×10 9 CFU / mL; Inoculate the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid into the fermentation medium in step (3) at an inoculation amount of 6 v / v%, place it in a shaker at 28°C, and ferment at 200 rpm for 5 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0045] (5) Inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS liquid medium at an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% and culture for 48 h to obtain a Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, and the bacterial concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid is 1.5×10 9CFU / mL. Add 6 v / v% Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, 0.4% sucrose fatty acid ester by mass fraction, 0.3% phospholipid by mass fraction, and 2.0% sunflower sprout extract to the fermentation mixture in step (4). Place it on a shaker at 37°C, mix evenly, and ferment at 200 rpm for 24 h. After drying and crushing at 90°C, granular fermented feed is obtained.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the Broussonetia papyrifera pulp is omitted from the components of the fermentation medium.

[0048] Comparative Example 2

[0049] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the sunflower sprout extract in step (5) is omitted.

[0050] Comparative Example 3

[0051] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that Schizophyllum commune in step (4) is replaced by Lactobacillus plantarum.

[0052] Comparative Example 4

[0053] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the sunflower sprout extract in step (5) is replaced by sunflower stalk powder obtained by crushing sunflower stalks.

[0054] Test Example 1

[0055] The following are the effect tests of the fermented feeds obtained from Example 1 - 3 and Comparative Example 1 - 3 for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals:

[0056] (1) Select 400 juvenile grass carps (about 50 g in weight) with regular specifications and strong constitutions, and randomly divide them into a control group, Example 1 group, Example 2 group, Example 3 group, Comparative Example 1 group, Comparative Example 2 group, Comparative Example 3 group, and Comparative Example 4 group, with 50 tails in each group. The Example 1 group is fed with the fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals prepared in Example 1, and the other groups are fed with the fermented feeds for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals in their corresponding groups. The control group is fed with the grass carp basal feed. The formula of the grass carp basal feed, calculated by mass percentage, includes the following raw material components: 40% corn, 30% soybean meal, 10% fish meal, 5% calcium carbonate, 10% wheat bran, 3% rice bran, and 2% premix. Feed 3 times a day until full, and continuously feed for 8 weeks. Weigh, record the initial weight (g / tail), final weight (g / tail), calculate the total weight gain (g / tail), average daily weight gain (g / d), and survival rate (%), and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Effects of different fermented feeds on the growth performance of grass carps

[0058]

[0059] The results are shown in Table 1, which are the effects of feeding different fermented feeds on the growth performance of grass carp. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control groups 1-4, the fermented feeds prepared in the example groups 1-3 can significantly improve the total weight gain and average daily weight gain of grass carp. It shows that the fermented feeds for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals prepared in the example groups 1-3 can effectively promote the growth and development ability of grass carp, improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients, and are of great significance for improving the economic value of grass carp. Moreover, the fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals prepared in the present invention is safe and the survival rate of grass carp is relatively high.

[0060] (2) After 8 weeks of feeding, the fish were fasted for 1 day. Three live fish were selected from each group and blood samples were collected from the caudal vein using a 1 mL heparin syringe. The blood samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was collected and stored in the refrigerator for analyzing serum-related biochemical indexes. Kits were used to analyze the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), and the content of immunoglobulin (IgM). The results are shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2 Contents of immune factors in grass carp serum

[0062]

[0063] The results are shown in Table 2, which are the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), and the content of immunoglobulin (IgM) in grass carp serum of different groups. As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control groups 1-4, the fermented feeds prepared in the example groups 1-3 of the present invention can significantly improve the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), and the content of immunoglobulin (IgM) in grass carp serum. It shows that the grass carp in the example groups 1-3 can have relatively high immune performance while maintaining growth and development, and their growth performance and immune performance are improved simultaneously.

[0064] In summary, the fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals prepared in the examples of the present invention can effectively promote the growth and development ability of grass carp, improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients, and their growth performance and immune performance are improved simultaneously. Moreover, the fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals prepared in the present invention is safe and the survival rate of grass carp is relatively high, having broad application prospects.

[0065] The above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention belong to the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Take dry fly maggots, crush the worm bodies to obtain fly maggot powder, and set aside; (2) Weigh each raw material of soybean meal, orange peel powder, corn starch, fly maggot powder, paper mulberry bark pulp, sodium selenite, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, add water and stir evenly, and obtain a fermentation medium after sterilization; (3) Inoculate the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid into the fermentation medium in step (2), and obtain a fermentation mixture after fermentation; (4) Add Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, sucrose fatty acid ester, phospholipid, and sunflower bud extract to the fermentation mixture in step (3), stir evenly, and obtain a fermented feed after fermentation, drying, and crushing.

2. The preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight parts of each raw material in step (2) are as follows: soybean meal 5 - 10 parts, orange peel powder 2 - 4 parts, corn starch 5 - 10 parts, fly maggot powder 1 - 3 parts, paper mulberry bark pulp 1 - 3 parts, sodium selenite 0.5 - 1.5, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 - 1.5 parts; the amount of water used is 4 - 6 times the total weight of the raw materials.

3. The preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the paper mulberry bark pulp is as follows: crush the paper mulberry bark, soak it in NaOH solution, remove the NaOH solution and wash it with water until neutral, and obtain the paper mulberry bark pulp after pulping.

4. The preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals according to claim 3, wherein, The temperature of the soaking is 90 - 100 °C, the soaking time is 70 - 80 min, the mass fraction of the NaOH solution is 15%, and the mass ratio of the paper mulberry bark to the NaOH solution is 1:

10.

5. The preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for preparing the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid in step (3) are as follows: inoculate Schizophyllum commune according to an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% into a PDA liquid medium and culture for 24 - 48 h; the specific steps for preparing the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid in step (4) are as follows: inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum according to an inoculation amount of 5 v / v% into an MRS liquid medium and culture for 24 - 48 h.

6. The preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the inoculation amount of the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid is 4-6 v / v%, and the bacterial concentration of the Schizophyllum commune bacterial liquid is 1.0-1.5×10 9 CFU / mL; the fermentation temperature is 25-28 °C, and the fermentation time is 3-5 d.

7. The preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the inoculation amount of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid is 4-6 v / v%, and the bacterial concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid is 1.0-1.5×10 9 CFU / mL; the fermentation temperature is 30-37°C, and the fermentation time is 18-24 h.

8. The preparation method of a fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the mass of the sucrose fatty acid ester is 0.2 - 0.4% of the mass of the fermentation mixture, the mass of the phospholipid is 0.1 - 0.3% of the mass of the fermentation mixture, and the mass of the sunflower bud extract is 1.0 - 2.0% of the mass of the fermentation mixture.

9. A fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals, characterized in that, The fermented feed is prepared according to the preparation method of the fermented feed for improving the growth performance of aquatic animals according to any one of claims 1 - 8.

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