Feed for improving earthworm breeding yield and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for improving earthworm breeding yield and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of earthworm breeding, the feed comprises the following components: 30-50 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of soybean curb residue, 10-15 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 2-4 parts of shell powder, 0.5-1 part of a microbial agent, 1-2 parts of brown sugar, and a proper amount of water. The fermented livestock and poultry manure is rich in various mineral elements and organic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and is an important source of nutrients required by earthworm growth; the crop straws are rich in cellulose and can promote intestinal peristalsis of the earthworms and help digestion; the soybean curb residues, the corn flour and the wheat bran are rich in nutritional ingredients such as protein and carbohydrate, and sufficient energy is provided for the earthworms; the bone meal and the shell powder contain a large amount of mineral substances such as calcium and phosphorus, so that the development of bones and bodies of the earthworms is facilitated; the microbial agent can regulate microbial flora in the feed and promote the absorption and utilization of the earthworms to nutrient substances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] A feed for improving the yield of earthworm breeding and its preparation method. The present invention belongs to the technical field of earthworm breeding, and specifically relates to the technical field of feeds for earthworm breeding. Background Art

[0002] As a kind of organism with important economic value, earthworms have extensive applications in many fields such as agriculture, environmental protection, and medicine. In agriculture, earthworm manure is a high-quality organic fertilizer, which can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and improve the yield and quality of crops; earthworms themselves can be used as high-protein feeds for livestock and poultry breeding and aquaculture, which can improve the growth rate and disease resistance of animals. In the field of environmental protection, earthworms can treat organic waste, convert it into high-quality fertilizer, realize the resource utilization of waste, and reduce environmental pollution. In the pharmaceutical industry, earthworm extracts have a variety of medicinal values and can be used to produce drugs such as thrombolytic and anticoagulant drugs. With the continuous expansion of the application fields of earthworms, the market demand for earthworms is increasing day by day, and the earthworm breeding industry has also developed rapidly. However, there are many problems in the current earthworm breeding process, and the feed problem is one of the key factors restricting the yield and quality of earthworm breeding. The existing earthworm feeds mainly have the following deficiencies: First, the nutritional components of the feed are unbalanced and cannot meet the needs of earthworm growth, reproduction, and metabolism, resulting in slow earthworm growth and low reproduction rate; second, the content of digestible substances in the feed is relatively low, the utilization rate of the feed by earthworms is not high, causing feed waste and increasing the breeding cost; third, some feeds contain substances that are not conducive to the growth of earthworms, such as harmful substance residues and microbial contamination, which affect the health and growth and development of earthworms; fourth, the palatability of the feed is poor, the feeding enthusiasm of earthworms is not high, further reducing the utilization rate of the feed and the growth rate of earthworms. To solve the above problems, many scientific researchers and breeders are actively exploring and researching new earthworm feeds and their preparation methods. At present, although there have been some research results on earthworm feeds, there are still some limitations, such as complex feed formulas, high preparation costs, unstable effects, etc., which are difficult to be widely applied in actual production. Therefore, developing an earthworm feed with balanced nutrition, good digestibility, good palatability, low cost, and environmental protection, as well as a simple and easy preparation method, has important practical significance for improving the yield and quality of earthworm breeding and promoting the sustainable development of the earthworm breeding industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a feed for improving the yield of earthworm breeding and its preparation method, thereby solving the problems such as complex feed formulas, high preparation costs, unstable effects, etc. in the current situation, which are difficult to be widely applied in actual production.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A feed for improving earthworm breeding yield comprises the following components by weight: 30-50 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of bean curd dregs, 10-15 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 2-4 parts of shell powder, 0.5-1 part of microbial agent, 1-2 parts of brown sugar and an appropriate amount of water.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the fermented livestock and poultry manure is one or more of fermented chicken manure, fermented pig manure or fermented cow manure.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the crop straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw or rice straw.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water content of the feed is 60-70%.

[0008] A method for preparing feed for improving earthworm breeding yield comprises the following steps: livestock and poultry manure fermentation treatment: selecting fresh livestock and poultry manure, adding 0.5-1% of microbial agent and 1-2% of brown sugar to the livestock and poultry manure weight, stirring evenly and sealing for fermentation, turning the pile regularly during the fermentation process until the fermentation is completed; Crop straw treatment: Crush the crop straw and soak it in clean water, then remove it and drain the water; Mixing and stirring: put the fermented livestock and poultry manure, processed crop straw, tofu dregs, corn flour, wheat bran, bone meal, and shell powder into a blender, add appropriate amount of water and stir evenly; Fermentation and aging: Put the mixed feed into a fermentation tank and seal it for fermentation. Control the temperature and humidity during the fermentation process and turn the pile regularly. After fermentation, place it in a cool and ventilated place for aging.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the livestock and poultry manure fermentation treatment, the fermentation time is 10-15 days in an environment of 25-30°C; and the fermentation time is 15-20 days in an environment of 15-25°C.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the fermentation and aging, the fermentation temperature is maintained at 20-30°C, the humidity is maintained at 60-70%, the fermentation time is 5-7 days, and the aging time is 2-3 days.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Balanced and comprehensive nutrition: In the feed of the present invention, fermented livestock and poultry manure is rich in various mineral elements and organic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which is an important source of nutrition required for the growth of earthworms; crop straw contains abundant cellulose, which can promote the peristalsis of the earthworm intestine and help digestion; soybean dregs, corn flour, and wheat bran are rich in nutrients such as protein and carbohydrates, providing sufficient energy for earthworms; bone meal and shell powder contain a large amount of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which contribute to the development of earthworms' bones and bodies; microbial inoculants can regulate the microbial flora in the feed and promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by earthworms. The mutual combination of various raw materials makes the nutritional components of the feed more balanced and comprehensive, capable of meeting the nutritional requirements of earthworms at different growth stages, thereby promoting the growth and reproduction of earthworms and increasing the breeding output. Good digestibility: By fermenting livestock and poultry manure, the macromolecular organic substances therein can be decomposed and transformed into small molecular substances, which are more easily digested and absorbed by earthworms; after the crop straw is soaked and softened and mixed with other raw materials for fermentation, the cellulose structure is damaged, and the digestibility is significantly improved. In addition, various enzymes produced by microbial inoculants during the fermentation process can further decompose the nutrients in the feed, improve the digestibility of the feed, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the feed by earthworms, reducing feed waste, and lowering the breeding cost. Good palatability: In the preparation process of the feed of the present invention, by reasonably matching various raw materials and carrying out sufficient fermentation and aging treatment, the feed has a good smell and texture. The fermented feed emits the humus smell that earthworms like, which can attract earthworms to feed; at the same time, the texture of the feed is soft, facilitating the feeding and digestion of earthworms. Good palatability can improve the feeding enthusiasm of earthworms, increase their feed intake, and further promote the growth and development of earthworms, increasing the breeding output. Low cost: The raw materials used in the feed of the present invention are all waste or by-products in agricultural production and life, such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, soybean dregs, etc., which are widely sourced and inexpensive. By reasonably utilizing these wastes, not only the production cost of the feed is reduced, but also the resource utilization of the wastes is realized, reducing environmental pollution, and having good economic and environmental benefits. In addition, the preparation method of the feed is simple and easy to implement, does not require complex equipment and technology, is suitable for large-scale production and application, and further reduces the cost input in the production process. Environmentally friendly and safe: In the preparation process of the feed of the present invention, no harmful chemical substances and hormones are added, which is harmless to earthworms and the environment. Through microbial fermentation treatment, harmful substances such as heavy metals and pesticide residues in livestock and poultry manure and crop straw can be effectively degraded, reducing the pollution risk of the feed. At the same time, after earthworms eat this feed, the excreted earthworm manure is also high-quality organic fertilizer, which can be used in agricultural production, realizing ecological circulation and meeting environmental protection requirements. Specific implementation mode

[0012] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] The present invention provides a technical solution: A feed for improving earthworm breeding yield comprises the following components by weight: 30-50 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of bean curd dregs, 10-15 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 2-4 parts of shell powder, 0.5-1 part of microbial agent, 1-2 parts of brown sugar and an appropriate amount of water. The preparation method of the above feed specifically comprises the following steps: Fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry manure: Select fresh livestock and poultry manure, such as chicken manure, pig manure, etc., and pile them in a well-ventilated and high place to form a manure pile about 1-1.5 meters high, 2-3 meters wide, and unlimited length. Add 0.5-1% of the weight of livestock and poultry manure microbial agent and 1-2% of brown sugar to the manure pile. After fully stirring, cover the manure pile with plastic film and seal it for fermentation. During the fermentation process, the plastic film should be regularly uncovered for turning the pile, generally every 3-5 days, to ensure the oxygen supply inside the manure pile and promote the growth and fermentation of microorganisms. The fermentation time depends on the ambient temperature. At 25-30℃, the fermentation time is about 10-15 days; at 15-25℃, the fermentation time is about 15-20 days. When the livestock and poultry manure turns dark brown, has no odor, has a soft texture, and has a distinct humus smell, it indicates that the fermentation is complete. Crop straw processing: Crop straw, such as corn straw, wheat straw, etc., is crushed into small segments of about 1-2 cm in length. The crushed crop straw is soaked in clean water for 2-3 hours to allow the straw to fully absorb water and soften, and then removed and drained. Mixing and stirring: Put the fermented livestock and poultry manure, processed crop straw, tofu dregs, corn flour, wheat bran, bone meal, and shell powder into the blender according to the above weight ratio, add appropriate amount of water to control the moisture content of the feed at 60-70%, turn on the blender, and stir for 10-15 minutes to ensure that all the raw materials are fully mixed. Fermentation and aging: Put the mixed feed into the fermentation tank, cover it with plastic film and seal it for secondary fermentation. During the fermentation process, control the fermentation temperature and humidity. The fermentation temperature is maintained at 20 - 30 °C, and the humidity is maintained at 60 - 70%. The fermentation time is 5 - 7 days. During this period, turn the pile every 1 - 2 days to ensure uniform fermentation. After fermentation is completed, place the feed in a cool and ventilated place for aging for 2 - 3 days to obtain the finished earthworm feed. Example

[0014] Feed formula: 30 parts of fermented chicken manure, 20 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of bean curd residue, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of shell powder, 0.5 part of microbial inoculant, 1 part of brown sugar, and appropriate amount of water. Preparation method Fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry manure: Select fresh chicken manure, pile it in a well-ventilated place to form a manure pile with a height of 1 m and a width of 2 m. Add 0.5% of microbial inoculant and 1% of brown sugar based on the weight of chicken manure, stir evenly, cover it with plastic film and seal it for fermentation. In an environment of 25 °C, turn the pile every 3 days. After 10 days of fermentation, the chicken manure turns dark brown and has no odor, indicating that the fermentation is completed. Treatment of crop straw: Crush the corn straw into small sections 1 cm long, soak it in clean water for 2 hours, and then take it out and drain the water. Mixing and stirring: Put the fermented chicken manure, treated corn straw, bean curd residue, corn flour, wheat bran, bone meal, and shell powder into a blender, add an appropriate amount of water to make the water content of the feed 60%, and stir for 10 minutes. Fermentation and aging: Put the mixed feed into the fermentation tank, cover it with plastic film and seal it, ferment at 20 °C for 5 days, and turn the pile every 1 day. After fermentation is completed, age it in a cool and ventilated place for 2 days to obtain the finished earthworm feed. Example

[0015] Feed formula: 50 parts of fermented pig manure, 30 parts of wheat straw, 20 parts of bean curd residue, 15 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of bone meal, 4 parts of shell powder, 1 part of microbial inoculant, 2 parts of brown sugar, and appropriate amount of water. Preparation method Fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry manure: Take fresh pig manure and pile it into a manure pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 3 m. Add 1% of microbial inoculant and 2% of brown sugar based on the weight of pig manure, stir evenly and seal it for fermentation. In an environment of 30 °C, turn the pile every 5 days. After 15 days of fermentation, the pig manure fermentation is completed. Treatment of crop straw: Crush the wheat straw into small sections 2 cm long, soak it for 3 hours and then drain the water. Mixing and stirring: Put the fermented pig manure, treated wheat straw, bean curd residue, corn flour, wheat bran, bone meal, and shell powder into a blender, add water to make the water content of the feed reach 70%, and stir for 15 minutes. Fermentation and aging: Place the mixed feed in a fermentation tank and ferment it sealed. Ferment at 30°C for 7 days, and turn the pile every 2 days. After fermentation, age for 3 days to obtain the finished earthworm feed. Example

[0016] Feed formula: 40 parts of fermented cow dung, 25 parts of rice straw, 15 parts of bean curd residue, 12 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of bone meal, 3 parts of shell powder, 0.8 part of microbial inoculant, 1.5 parts of brown sugar, and an appropriate amount of water. Preparation method Fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry manure: Stack the fresh cow dung into a suitable shape, add the corresponding proportion of microbial inoculant and brown sugar, ferment it sealed, and turn the pile at the specified time under the environment of 28°C. Fermentation is completed in about 12 - 13 days. Treatment of crop straw: The treatment of pulverizing and soaking rice straw is the same as before. Mixing and stirring: Put each raw material into a mixer, adjust the water content to about 65%, and stir for about 12 - 13 minutes. Fermentation and aging: Put it into a fermentation tank and ferment it sealed. Ferment for about 6 days under the environment of 25 - 28°C, turn the pile regularly, and age for 2 - 3 days after fermentation to obtain the finished feed. Comparative experiment Select three earthworm breeding ponds of the same specification. Put the same number, size, and health status of earthworms in each breeding pond. Feed the feed of Example 1 of the present invention to Breeding Pond 1, feed the feed of Example 2 of the present invention to Breeding Pond 2, and feed the common ordinary earthworm feed on the market to Breeding Pond 3. After 60 days of breeding under the same breeding environment and management conditions, weigh and count the earthworms in the three breeding ponds. The results show that the average weight of the earthworms in Breeding Pond 1 increased by 40% compared with Breeding Pond 3, the average weight of the earthworms in Breeding Pond 2 increased by 45% compared with Breeding Pond 3, and the reproduction quantity of the earthworms in Breeding Pond 1 and Breeding Pond 2 is also significantly more than that in Breeding Pond 3. The experimental results show that the feed of the present invention can significantly improve the growth rate and reproduction rate of earthworms, and thus improve the earthworm breeding yield.

[0017] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A feed for increasing the yield of earthworm breeding, characterized in that, By weight parts, it comprises the following components: 30 - 50 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 20 - 30 parts of crop straw, 10 - 20 parts of bean dregs, 10 - 15 parts of corn flour, 5 - 10 parts of wheat bran, 3 - 5 parts of bone meal, 2 - 4 parts of shell powder, 0.5 - 1 part of microbial inoculum, 1 - 2 parts of brown sugar, and an appropriate amount of water.

2. The feed for increasing the yield of earthworm cultivation according to claim 1, wherein The fermented livestock and poultry manure is one or more of fermented chicken manure, fermented pig manure, or fermented cow manure.

3. A feed for increasing the yield of earthworm farming according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crop straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, or rice straw.

4. A feed for improving the yield of earthworm breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water content of the feed is 60 - 70%.

5. A method for preparing a feed for increasing the yield of earthworm cultivation according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry manure: Select fresh livestock and poultry manure, add 0.5 - 1% of microbial inoculum and 1 - 2% of brown sugar based on the weight of the livestock and poultry manure, stir evenly and then seal for fermentation. During the fermentation process, turn the pile regularly until fermentation is completed. Treatment of crop straw: Crush the crop straw and soak it in clear water, then take it out and drain the water. Mixing and stirring: Put the fermented livestock and poultry manure, the treated crop straw, bean dregs, corn flour, wheat bran, bone meal, and shell powder into a blender, and add an appropriate amount of water and stir evenly. Fermentation and aging: Put the mixed feed into a fermentation tank and seal it for fermentation. Control the temperature and humidity during the fermentation process and turn the pile regularly. After fermentation is completed, place it in a cool and ventilated place for aging.

6. The formulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the fermentation treatment of livestock and poultry manure, in an environment of 25 - 30 °C, the fermentation time is 10 - 15 days; in an environment of 15 - 25 °C, the fermentation time is 15 - 20 days.

7. The formulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the fermentation and aging process, the fermentation temperature is maintained at 20 - 30 °C, the humidity is maintained at 60 - 70%, the fermentation time is 5 - 7 days, and the aging time is 2 - 3 days.