Feed beneficial to lamb growth and development and suitable for FNDF / start and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed beneficial to lamb growth and development and suitable for FNDF / starch and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of animal nutrition. The fattening lambs are fed with the formula, the growth performance and the slaughter performance of the lambs are improved, the meat quality is improved to a certain extent, the serum biochemical index and the antioxidant index of the lambs are affected, and finally the economic benefits of a sheep farm are improved. The lambs are suitable for being fed with feed with low FNDF / start before weaning, and the feed with the FNDF / start being about 0.23 can be used as a reference; after supplementary feeding for a period of time, the rumen of the tall sheep is mature, the feed with the FNDF / start ratio of 0.56 is continuously fed, the feeding effect is better, and the feed with the FNDF / start ratio of 0.56 can be used as a reference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a feed beneficial to the growth and development of lambs and having an appropriate FNDF / starch, and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of animal nutrition. Background Art

[0002] In order to give full play to the advantages of ruminants themselves, promote the early development of the rumen of lambs, and enable lambs to exert rumen function as early as possible, in current large-scale farming, the composition of the lamb starter feed is often to add a certain amount of roughage to the concentrate. Since roughage and concentrate are the main sources of dietary NDF and starch respectively, adjusting the proportion of roughage and concentrate in the diet formulation is equivalent to adjusting the dietary roughage NDF level and starch level. However, too high or too low NDF level or starch level is not conducive to animal health. For example, the fermentation rate and passage rate of NDF in the rumen are slower than those of other nutrients in the diet. Therefore, a diet with a higher NDF level occupies a large amount of space in the rumen, making the animal feel full significantly, thereby restricting the animal's feed intake, increasing the pH of the rumen fluid, and preventing the animal from fully exerting its production potential. Starch is the most suitable feed component for providing energy to ruminants. On the one hand, too low or too high dietary starch level often reduces the rumen roughage fiber digestibility. For example, a high-starch diet will reduce the activity of cellulase and limit the hydrolysis of cellulose. On the other hand, when ruminants consume a high-starch diet, rumen metabolic disorders are likely to occur, easily causing nutritional and metabolic diseases such as rumen acidosis. When feeding a low-starch diet, the fermentable energy in the rumen is insufficient, resulting in insufficient rumen nitrogen utilization rate and energy supply, and metabolic diseases are also likely to occur.

[0003] Generally speaking, both the dietary FNDF and starch levels will affect the energy distribution mechanism of ruminants. Therefore, regulating the appropriate ratio of FNDF and starch can maintain healthy and efficient rumen fermentation, meet the nutritional needs of ruminants, and improve the utilization efficiency of the diet. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention specifically discloses feeds with different FNDF / starch levels, a preparation method thereof, and an application. The feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn 26.5 - 60; soybean meal 20.13 - 27.7; wheat bran 8; alfalfa hay 0 - 21.8; oat hay 0 - 20; stone powder 1.45 - 2.22; calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.73 - 0.77; salt 0.35; premix 1.

[0005] The present invention adjusts the FNDF / starch level in the feed by combining alfalfa hay and oat hay with the concentrate and premix, and after fully mixing all the raw materials, it is made into pellet feed with a particle size of 0.4 CM, avoiding feed waste caused by picky eating of lambs and giving full play to the genetic potential of Hu sheep.

[0006] Experimental diet: In the present invention, alfalfa hay and oat hay are used as raw materials for roughage, and corn, soybean meal and wheat bran are used as raw materials for concentrate feed. The ratio of FNDF and starch in the feed refers to: according to the nutritional levels of each feed raw material, adjusting the composition ratio of the feed raw materials, and then adjusting FNDF and starch in the feed.

[0007] The feed was designed with equal energy and equal nitrogen according to the "Feeding Standards for Meat Sheep and Goats (NYt816 - 2004)", and feeds with equivalent nutritional value were formulated from 4 formulas with different ratios of FNDF and starch.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed beneficial to the growth and development of lambs and with an appropriate FNDF / starch, as well as a preparation method thereof. The feed formula studied the ratio of roughage NDF and feed starch, and this appropriate ratio was screened based on the effects on the growth performance, slaughter performance and rumen tissue growth and development of lambs after stall - feeding and slaughter; in addition, the present invention provides a preparation method for lamb feed, which is scientific and reasonable, simple to operate, and applicable to small - scale farms.

[0009] To achieve the above - mentioned invention purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] The present invention provides a lamb starter feed that can improve the feed intake, feed conversion rate, lamb meat quality, serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant indexes of lambs. The feed includes: 26.5 - 60 parts of corn, 20.13 - 27.7 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of wheat bran, 0 - 21.8 parts of alfalfa hay, 0 - 20 parts of oat hay, 1.45 - 2.22 parts of stone powder, 0.73 - 0.77 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35 parts of salt, and 1 part of premix.

[0011] Each kilogram of premix contains: 120 - 200 KIU of vitamin A, 15 - 60 IU of vitamin D3, ≥550 IU of vitamin E, ≥350 mg of niacinamide, ≥0.3 mg of biotin, 0.8 - 8.4 g of iron, 0.2 - 1.5 g of copper, 1.5 - 3.0 g of zinc, 0.6 - 2.4 g of manganese, 4 - 20 mg of iodine, 1.6 - 10 mg of selenium, 10 - 20% of calcium, ≥2.0% of total phosphorus, and 10 - 20% of sodium chloride.

[0012] In one embodiment, the feed is (parts):

[0013] The lamb feed with FNDF / starch of 0 is made from the following raw materials by weight ratio: 60 of corn; 27.7 of soybean meal; 8 of wheat bran; 0 of alfalfa hay; 0 of oat hay; 2.22 of stone powder; 0.73 of calcium hydrogen phosphate; 0.35 of salt; 1 of premix.

[0014] In one embodiment, the feed is (parts):

[0015] The lamb feed with FNDF / starch of 0.23 is made from the following raw materials by weight ratio: corn 48.7; soybean meal 25.3; wheat bran 8; alfalfa hay 6.9; oat hay 7; stone powder 2; calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.75; salt 0.35; premix 1.

[0016] In one embodiment, the feed is (parts):

[0017] The lamb feed with FNDF / starch of 0.56 is made from the following raw materials by weight ratio: corn 38; soybean meal 22.2; wheat bran 8; alfalfa hay 16; oat hay 12; stone powder 1.67; calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.78; salt 0.35; premix 1.

[0018] In one embodiment, the feed is (parts):

[0019] The lamb feed with FNDF / starch of 1.12 is made from the following raw materials by weight ratio: corn 26.5; soybean meal 20.13; wheat bran 8; alfalfa hay 21.8; oat hay 20; stone powder 1.45; calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.77; salt 0.35; premix 1.

[0020] In one embodiment, each kilogram of the premix contains: vitamin A 120 KIU, vitamin D3 15 IU, vitamin E 550 IU, nicotinamide 350 mg, biotin 0.3 mg, iron 4.8 g, copper 0.8 g, zinc 1.5 g, manganese 1.2 g, iodine 4 mg, selenium 5 mg, calcium 10% (w / w), total phosphorus 2.0% (w / w), sodium chloride 10% (w / w).

[0021] In one embodiment, the alfalfa hay and oat hay are crushed and cut into sections with a length of 2 - 3 cm.

[0022] In one embodiment, the corn is crushed to 20 - 40 mesh.

[0023] The present invention also provides a preparation method for the above-mentioned lamb feeds with different FNDF / starch, including the following preparation steps:

[0024] 1) Use a crushing device to crush alfalfa hay, oat hay and corn respectively;

[0025] 2) Then, according to the feed formula ratio, place all the raw materials in a mixing device and mix them evenly. To ensure successful granulation, after the raw materials are mixed evenly, an appropriate amount of tap water needs to be sprayed to prevent the separation of dry fine and coarse materials in the feed raw materials, which is difficult to form into particles.

[0026] (3) Add the evenly stirred mixed feed to a feed-making machine, and press it to make a total mixed pellet feed with a particle size of 0.4 cm and a length of 1.5 - 2 cm. Since the temperature of the made pellet feed is too high, it needs to be spread out and naturally dried in a cool and dry place.

[0027] The present invention also provides a feeding method for the above-mentioned lambs with different FNDF / starch feeds as follows: From 15 to 120 days old, the lambs are fed the starter feed twice a day (at 8:00 am and 4:00 pm); the lambs have free access to food and water, and it is ensured that there is some feed remaining in the provided feed basins every day.

[0028] In one embodiment, 72 healthy male Hu sheep (10 days old) with similar body weights (3.0 ± 0.5) kg are randomly divided into 4 groups, with 18 in each group. According to different FNDF / starch in the pellet feed, they are divided into group A (FNDF / starch = 0), group B (FNDF / starch = 0.23), group C (FNDF / starch = 0.56), and group D (FNDF / starch = 1.10), and a 4-month formal experiment is carried out. In the first two months of the experiment, each lamb is fed milk replacer at 6:00, 12:00, and 18:00 every day, and at the same time, at 8:00 and 16:00 every day, the corresponding feeds with different FNDF / starch are supplemented to each lamb according to the grouping. After two months of the experiment, the lambs are weaned, and 6 lambs in each group are slaughtered to observe the rumen growth and development and slaughter performance; in the next two months of the experiment, the lambs continue to be fed feeds with different FNDF / starch according to the grouping. After 4 months, another 6 lambs in each group are slaughtered to observe the slaughter performance and rumen development of the experimental sheep. All lambs have free access to water throughout the experimental period.

[0029] Beneficial effects

[0030] (1) At present, there are few reports on the research and application of adjusting the feed nutrition level by the ratio of crude feed NDF and starch. The feed formula of the present invention is screened based on the study of the effects of the ratio of crude feed NDF and starch on the production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes of lambs under the conditions of stall feeding. Therefore, the formula is scientific and reasonable.

[0031] (2) The different FNDF / starch feeds for lambs of the present invention are designed with equal energy and equal nitrogen according to the "Feeding Standards for Meat Sheep and Goats (NYt816 - 2004)". Using alfalfa hay and oat hay as the main roughage, and corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran as the main concentrate feeds, and cooperating with sodium chloride, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and premix, a nutritionally balanced pellet feed is made after full mixing, avoiding feed waste caused by lambs being picky eaters, and giving full play to the genetic potential of lamb growth.

[0032] (3) The formulated feed for fattening lambs of the present invention improves the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of lambs, affects the serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant indexes of lambs, and finally improves the economic benefits of the sheep farm. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] The present invention will be further described according to the following examples, and the present invention can be better understood.

[0034] The raw materials involved in the following examples are as follows:

[0035] Alfalfa hay and oat hay were purchased from Huiyuan Breeding Co., Ltd. in Huining County; corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, stone powder, premix, sodium chloride, etc. were all purchased from Baiyin Renhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., and the premix ingredients included vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, nicotinamide, biotin, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, calcium, total phosphorus, and sodium chloride.

[0036] The detection methods involved in the following examples are as follows:

[0037] Determination of production performance

[0038] During the test period, the feeding amount and remaining feed amount of each test sheep were accurately weighed every day, and the daily feed intake was calculated. On the morning of the first day of the test, the initial body weight of the test was weighed on an empty stomach before feeding, and the final body weight of the test was weighed on an empty stomach on the morning of the last day of the test. After the experiment, the data was integrated to calculate the average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate.

[0039] Average daily feed intake = sum of daily feed intakes / number of feeding days;

[0040] Average daily weight gain = (final body weight of the test - initial body weight of the test) / number of experimental days;

[0041] Feed conversion rate = average daily feed intake / average daily weight gain.

[0042] Determination of slaughter performance

[0043] Before slaughter, the test sheep were weighed. After slaughter, the test sheep were bled and then skinned, decapitated, and the head, hooves and internal organs (excluding kidneys and perirenal fat) were removed. The remaining body weight was the carcass weight.

[0044] The slaughter rate is an important indicator to measure the production performance and slaughter performance of animals.

[0045] Slaughter rate = carcass weight / live weight before slaughter × 100;

[0046] The eye muscle area is the cross-sectional area of the longissimus dorsi muscle located between the 12th and 13th ribs of the carcass. The cross-sectional area contour is traced with sulfuric acid paper, and the coordinate paper is placed under the sulfuric acid paper, and the eye muscle area is calculated by counting the grids.

[0047] Quality of the longissimus dorsi muscle

[0048] The determination indexes of the longissimus dorsi muscle quality include meat color, pH value, shear force, cooked meat rate, cooking loss, drip loss, water loss rate, etc.

[0049] Measure the a* (redness), b* (yellowness) and L* (brightness) values of mutton with a colorimeter; directly measure the pH value of meat with a special meat pH meter.

[0050] After removing the fascia from the meat sample and weighing it, insert the thermometer at the center position of the mutton, then wrap it with a sealed bag and heat it in a water bath until the center temperature reaches 70 °C. Take out the mutton and cool it to room temperature at 35 °C. Use a 1-square centimeter circular sampler to sample along the muscle fibers and then use a shear instrument to evaluate its shear force.

[0051] After removing the fascia from the meat sample (weighing it as m1), steam it in boiling water for 30 min, cool it to room temperature, dry the surface moisture with filter paper and weigh it (weighing it as m2) to calculate the cooked meat rate and cooking loss;

[0052] Cooked meat rate = 100 × m2 / m1;

[0053] Cooking loss (%) = 100 × (m1 - m2) / m1;

[0054] Hang the meat sample (weighing it as W1) (2 cm × 2 cm × 4 cm) along the muscle fiber direction in a plastic bottle, place it in a 4 °C refrigerator for 24 h, weigh it as W2, and calculate the drip loss;

[0055] Drip loss = 100 × (W1 - W2) / W1;

[0056] Take a piece of longissimus dorsi muscle about 1.0 cm thick and with uniform thickness, weigh it as M1, then wrap the meat sample with 18 layers of filter paper on both the top and bottom and place it on a YYW-2 type pressure instrument, apply a pressure of 35 kg, keep it for 5 min and then remove the meat sample and weigh it as M2 to calculate the water loss rate;

[0057] Water loss rate = 100 × (M1 - M2) / M1.

[0058] Determination of serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant indexes

[0059] On the morning before the experimental sheep were slaughtered, 2 portions (about 10 ml each) of blood samples were collected from the sheep's fasting jugular veins. After standing for a period of time, the samples were centrifuged to separate the serum, and the serum biochemical indices, including total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), creatinine (CREA), urea nitrogen (UREA), glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-HB), and the antioxidant indices, including total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), glutathione peroxidase (GHS-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT), were determined using an automatic chemical analyzer.

[0060] For the detection and calculation of FNDF, the Van Soest method was used to determine NDF and ADF. The specific method is as follows:

[0061] NDF:

[0062] A 30 g / L sodium dodecyl sulfate solution (for the determination of neutral detergent fiber (NDF)).

[0063] Weigh 18.61 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and 6.81 g of sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7·10H2O) and put them together into a 1000 mL beaker. Add a small amount of water, heat to dissolve, and then add 30 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Weigh 4.56 g of disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous, place it in another beaker, add a small amount of water, slightly heat to dissolve, and then pour it into the first beaker mentioned above.

[0064] Add 10 mL of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether to the volumetric flask, and then dilute to 1000 mL. The pH value of this solution is generally 6.9 - 7.1 (the pH value generally does not need to be adjusted). During the digestion process, after foaming, 10 mL of decalin / 1000 mL needs to be added. After washing 8 times, wash with acetone again.

[0065] ADF:

[0066] A 20 g / L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (acid detergent) solution. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0067] 1) 2.0 mol / L sulfuric acid solution: Slowly add 49 g (about 27 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid) to a 1000 mL volumetric flask already containing 500 mL of distilled water. After cooling, add water to the scale line and calibrate.

[0068] 2) Weigh 20 g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and dissolve it in 1000 mL of the calibrated 2.0 mol / L sulfuric acid solution. Stir to dissolve, and filter if necessary.

[0069] Washing:

[0070] Put the sample into a pre-weighed nylon bag - put the nylon bag into the boiling washing solution - simmer for 1 hour - wash 8 times with hot distilled water - wash with acetone - air dry - bake for 4 hours - constant weight. Note: Add 5 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate before boiling the nylon bag during the washing process (add 5 g to 1000 ml of washing solution).

[0071] Calculation: ADF (%) or NDF (%) = (weight of the nylon bag after washing the sample - weight of the empty nylon bag) / weight of the sample * 100%.

[0072] Calculation of FNDF: FNDF = weight of oat hay × NDF level of oat hay (%) + weight of alfalfa × NDF level of alfalfa (%)

[0073] Detection and calculation method of Strach:

[0074] Operate as follows according to the instruction manual of the Solarbio starch content detection kit:

[0075] Sample preparation: Accurately weigh 0.1 g of the sample ground into fine powder into an EP tube, add 1 ml of reagent one and mix well, extract in a water bath at 80 °C for 30 minutes, then centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes, discard the supernatant and keep the precipitate; then add 0.5 ml of distilled water to the precipitate and gelatinize in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes (to prevent loss of water evaporation, tighten the lid of the EP tube); after cooling to room temperature, add 0.35 ml of reagent two and react for 15 minutes, shake 3 - 5 times; finally add 0.85 ml of double distilled water, mix well and centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, take the supernatant for testing. Before measurement, add 7.5 ml of distilled water and 42.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to reagent three and mix well as the working solution for standby.

[0076] Measurement: Take 0.2 ml of the sample supernatant and 1 ml of the working solution into an EP tube, heat in a water bath at 95 °C for 10 minutes and then cool naturally to room temperature, record the measured absorbance value at a wavelength of 620 nm.

[0077] Strach: According to the absorbance of the sample obtained by colorimetric determination, find out the corresponding starch concentration of the sample from the standard curve. The regression equation measured under standard conditions is y = 5.872x - 0.0295, where x is the concentration of the standard product and y is the absorbance value.

[0078] Example 1: Preparation method of different FNDF / starch feeds for lambs

[0079] Specifically include the following steps:

[0080] 1. Crush and cut alfalfa hay and oat hay into sections about 2 cm in length;

[0081] Crush corn to 20 mesh and set aside;

[0082] 2. Weigh the raw materials accurately according to the following weight ratios:

[0083] (1) Corn 60; soybean meal 27.7; wheat bran 8; alfalfa hay 0; oat hay 0; limestone powder 2.22; dicalcium phosphate 0.73; salt 0.35; premix 1;

[0084] (2) Corn 48.7; soybean meal 25.3; wheat bran 8; alfalfa hay 6.9; oat hay 7; limestone powder 2; dicalcium phosphate 0.75; salt 0.35; premix 1.

[0085] (3) Corn 38; soybean meal 22.2; wheat bran 8; alfalfa hay 16; oat hay 12; limestone powder 1.67; dicalcium phosphate 0.78; salt 0.35; premix 1.

[0086] (4) Corn 26.5; soybean meal 20.13; wheat bran 8; alfalfa hay 21.8; oat hay 20; limestone powder 1.45; dicalcium phosphate 0.77; salt 0.35; premix 1.

[0087] Each kilogram of the above premix contains: vitamin A 120 KIU, vitamin D3 15 IU, vitamin E 550 IU, niacinamide 350 mg, biotin 0.3 mg, iron 4.8 g, copper 0.8 g, zinc 1.5 g, manganese 1.2 g, iodine 4 mg, selenium 5 mg, calcium 10%, total phosphorus 2.0%, sodium chloride 10%.

[0088] 3. Place all the raw materials in a mixing device and mix them evenly. To ensure successful pelletizing, after the raw materials are mixed evenly, an appropriate amount of tap water needs to be sprayed (as long as the feed can be made into pellets) to prevent the separation of dry and rough feed materials due to drying and difficulty in making pellets.

[0089] 4. Add the evenly stirred feed to a pellet mill, and press to obtain a total mixed pellet feed with a particle size of 0.4 cm and a length of 1.5 - 2 cm. If the temperature of the made pellet feed is too high, to prevent mildew and deterioration, spread it out in a cool and dry place to dry naturally and then bag it for standby.

[0090] Example 2: Effect detection of raw materials with different formulations

[0091] Randomly select each group of pellet feed samples, and measure the conventional nutrients of the pellet feed, such as dry matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, starch, etc., as well as the neutral detergent fiber of roughage.

[0092] Table 1: Nutritional levels of different groups

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] The above dry matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, and starch levels are all measured values, and the NDF of roughage is a calculated value based on the feed composition and nutritional level.

[0096] Example 3: Effects of Feeds with Different FNDF / starch on Lambs

[0097] 1. Animal Experiment

[0098] Experimental animals: Lambs; Experimental time: 4 months (110 days);

[0099] The feeding methods for feeds with different FNDF / starch are as follows: Select 72 healthy male Hu sheep lambs (10 days old) with similar body weights (3.0 ± 0.5) kg, and randomly divide them into 4 groups, with 18 lambs in each group, specifically as follows:

[0100] Divided into Group A (FNDF / starch = 0, corresponding to the feed in Group A of Example 2), Group B (FNDF / starch = 0.23, corresponding to the feed in Group B of Example 2), Group C (FNDF / starch = 0.56, corresponding to the feed in Group C of Example 2), and Group D (FNDF / starch = 1.12, corresponding to the feed in Group D of Example 2) according to different FNDF / starch in the pellet feed, and conduct a 4-month formal experiment.

[0101] In the first two months before the experiment, every lamb was fed with milk replacer (provided by Beijing Precision Animal Nutrition Research Center, with nutritional levels of DM: 96.91%, CP: 23.22%, CF: 13.20%) at 6:00, 12:00, and 18:00 every day. At the same time, at 8:00 and 16:00 every day, each lamb was supplemented with the corresponding feed with different FNDF / starch according to the grouping. After two months of the experiment, the lambs were weaned, and all lambs had free access to water throughout the experimental period.

[0102] All experimental lambs were in the same sheep shed, and other conditions were the same except for the feed eaten by the grouped lambs. During the experiment, the health status of the lambs was observed every day, and the feed intake of each lamb was recorded in detail. The weight of each lamb was measured once a week. At 60 days old and 120 days old of the lambs, 6 lambs were randomly selected from each group for slaughter, and their slaughter performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes were measured. Finally, the data were integrated and analyzed to determine the feed formula beneficial to the growth and development of lambs.

[0103] 2. Sample Collection and Determination

[0104] On the 50th day of the trial period (the test sheep were 60 days old) and the 110th day (the test sheep were 120 days old), 6 test sheep were selected from each group for slaughter. The test sheep were fasted for 24 hours before slaughter and water was cut off 2 hours before slaughter. After slaughter, samples such as rumen contents, rumen tissue, and longissimus dorsi muscle were collected for the determination of rumen fluid pH, meat quality, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant indexes, etc.

[0105] 3. Test Results and Analysis

[0106] (1) The production performance of the test lambs in each group was detected respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0107] Table 2: Effects of diets with different ratios of neutral detergent fiber to starch in roughage on the production performance of 60-day-old and 120-day-old lambs

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] In Table 2, different lowercase letters in the superscripts of the same row of data indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and the same lowercase letters or no letters indicate no significant differences (P > 0.05). The same applies to the following tables.

[0111] The results show that:

[0112] As can be seen from Table 2, when the test sheep were 60 days old, the feed intake and feed conversion rate of the test lambs fed with the feed FNDF / starch of 0.23 (corresponding to the feed in Group B in Example 2) were significantly improved (P < 0.05);

[0113] The feed intake and feed conversion rate of the test lambs fed with the feed FNDF / starch of 0 (corresponding to the feed in Group A in Example 2) and 1.12 (corresponding to the feed in Group D in Example 2) were significantly lower (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in average daily gain (P > 0.05);

[0114] When the test sheep were 120 days old, the feed intake and feed conversion rate of the test lambs increased significantly with the increase of feed FNDF / starch (P < 0.05), and the average daily gain of the test sheep fed with the feed FNDF / starch of 0 was lower than that of other test groups (P < 0.05).

[0115] (2) The slaughter performance of the test lambs in each group was detected respectively, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0116] Table 3: Effects of diets with different FNDF / starch on the slaughter performance of 60-day-old and 120-day-old lambs

[0117]

[0118] The results show that:

[0119] As can be seen from Table 3, when the test sheep were 60 days old, the slaughter performance of the test lambs fed with a feed with FNDF / starch of 0.23 (corresponding to the feed in Group B of Example 2) was better;

[0120] When the test sheep were 120 days old, the feed intake and feed conversion rate of the test lambs increased significantly with the increase of FNDF / starch in the feed (P<0.05), and the slaughter performance of the test sheep fed with a feed with FNDF / starch of 0.56 (corresponding to the feed in Group C of Example 2) was the best.

[0121] (3) The meat quality of the lambs in each group was detected respectively, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0122] Table 4: Effects of diets with different FNDF / starch on the meat quality of 60-day-old and 120-day-old lambs

[0123]

[0124] Note: In Table 4, L, a, and b refer to the lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) in the meat color index respectively.

[0125] The results showed that:

[0126] As can be seen from Table 4, when the test sheep were 60 days old, feeding different FNDF / starch feeds had no effect on the meat color and pH of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the test lambs (P>0.05). The shear force and drip loss of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the test lambs fed with a feed with FNDF / starch of 0.23 (corresponding to the feed in Group B of Example 2) were lower, but the water loss rate was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The cooked meat rate of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the test lambs with FNDF / starch of 0 (corresponding to the feed in Group A of Example 2) was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05);

[0127] When the test sheep were 120 days old, the redness (a) of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the test lambs fed with a feed with FNDF / starch of 0.56 (corresponding to the feed in Group C of Example 2) increased, the yellowness (b) decreased, and the shear force, cooked meat rate, drip loss, and water loss rate all increased to a certain extent.

[0128] (4) The serum biochemical indexes of the test lambs in each group were detected respectively, and the results are shown in Table 5:

[0129] Table 5: Effects of diets with different FNDF / starch on the serum biochemical indexes of 60-day-old and 120-day-old lambs

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] The results show that:

[0133] As can be seen from Table 5, when the test sheep were 60 days old, the total protein, globulin and alkaline phosphatase of the test lambs fed with FNDF / starch of 0 (corresponding to the feed in Group A of Example 2) and 0.23 (corresponding to the feed in Group B of Example 2) were significantly higher than those of the test sheep with FNDF / starch of 0.56 (corresponding to the feed in Group C of Example 2) and 1.12 (corresponding to the feed in Group D of Example 2) (P<0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase of the test lambs fed with the feed with FNDF / starch of 0.23 (corresponding to the feed in Group B of Example 2) was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the alanine aminotransferase of the test lambs with FNDF / starch of 0.56 (corresponding to the feed in Group C of Example 2) was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05);

[0134] When the test sheep were 120 days old, with the increase of FNDF / starch in the feed, the creatinine and urea nitrogen of the test lambs showed a linear decrease and increase (P<0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase of the test lambs fed with the feed with FNDF / starch of 0.23 (corresponding to the feed in Group B of Example 2) was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the alanine aminotransferase of the test lambs with FNDF / starch of 0.56 (corresponding to the feed in Group C of Example 2) was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), which was consistent with the results at 60 days old. β-hydroxybutyric acid showed a significant quadratic change (P<0.05) with different FNDF / starch feeds.

[0135] (5) The antioxidant indexes of the test sera of each group were detected respectively, and the results are shown in Table 6:

[0136] Table 6: Effects of diets with different FNDF / starch on serum antioxidant indexes of 60-day-old and 120-day-old lambs

[0137]

[0138]

[0139] The results show that:

[0140] As can be seen from Table 6, when the test sheep were 60 days old, antioxidant indexes such as total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased significantly with the increase of FNDF / starch in the feed (P<0.05), and malondialdehyde increased significantly with the increase of FNDF / starch in the feed (P<0.05);

[0141] When the experimental sheep were 120 days old, the total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and catalase increased significantly with the increase of FNDF / starch in the diet (P<0.05), while the superoxide dismutase decreased significantly with the increase of FNDF / starch in the diet (P<0.05).

[0142] It is proved by the above experiments that:

[0143] (1) Feeding the fattening lambs with the formula of the present invention improves the growth performance and slaughter performance of the lambs, and to a certain extent improves the meat quality, affects the serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant indexes of the lambs, and finally improves the economic benefits of the sheep farm.

[0144] (2) It is suitable to feed the lambs with the feed with low FNDF / starch before weaning. The feed with FNDF / starch of about 0.23 (corresponding to the feed in Group B in Example 2) can be used as a reference; after a period of supplementary feeding, when the rumen of the lambs matures, continuing to feed the feed with FNDF / starch of 0.56 (corresponding to the feed in Group C in Example 2) has a better feeding effect, and the feed with FNDF / starch of 0.56 can be used as a reference.

[0145] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can make various modifications and decorations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A lamb starter feed that improves the feed intake, feed conversion rate, lamb meat quality, serum biochemical indexes, and / or antioxidant indexes of lambs, characterized in that, The feed includes: 26.5 - 60 parts of corn, 20.13 - 27.7 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of wheat bran, 0 - 21.8 parts of alfalfa hay, 0 - 20 parts of oat hay, 1.45 - 2.22 parts of stone powder, 0.73 - 0.77 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 parts of salt, and 1 part of premix; Each kilogram of the premix contains: 120 - 200 KIU of vitamin A, 15 - 60 IU of vitamin D3, ≥550 IU of vitamin E, ≥350 mg of niacinamide, ≥0.3 mg of biotin, 0.8 - 8.4 g of iron, 0.2 - 1.5 g of copper, 1.5 - 3.0 g of zinc, 0.6 - 2.4 g of manganese, 4 - 20 mg of iodine, 1.6 - 10 mg of selenium, 10 - 20% of calcium, ≥2.0% of total phosphorus, and 10 - 20% of sodium chloride.

2. The lamb starter feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the feed, there are 48.7 parts of corn, 25.3 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of wheat bran, 6.9 parts of alfalfa hay, 7 parts of oat hay, 2 parts of stone powder, 0.75 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 parts of salt, and 1 part of premix.

3. The lamb starter feed according to claim 1, wherein In the feed, there are 38 parts of corn, 22.2 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of alfalfa hay, 12 parts of oat hay, 1.67 parts of stone powder, 0.78 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 parts of salt, and 1 part of premix.

4. The lamb starter feed according to claim 1, wherein In the feed, there are 26.5 parts of corn, 20.13 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of wheat bran, 21.8 parts of alfalfa hay, 20 parts of oat hay, 1.45 parts of stone powder, 0.77 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 parts of salt, and 1 part of premix.

5. The lamb starter feed according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Each kilogram of the premix contains: 120 KIU of vitamin A, 15 IU of vitamin D3, 550 IU of vitamin E, 350 mg of niacinamide, 0.3 mg of biotin, 4.8 g of iron, 0.8 g of copper, 1.5 g of zinc, 1.2 g of manganese, 4 mg of iodine, 5 mg of selenium, 10% (w / w) of calcium, 2.0% (w / w) of total phosphorus, and 10% (w / w) of sodium chloride.

6. The lamb starter feed according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The alfalfa hay and oat hay are crushed and cut into sections with a length of 2 - 3 cm.

7. The lamb starter feed according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The corn is crushed to 20 - 40 meshes.

8. The processing method of the lamb starter feed according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Crush and cut the alfalfa hay and oat hay into sections; place all the raw materials in a mixing device and mix them evenly. To ensure successful pelletizing, after the raw materials are mixed evenly, tap water needs to be sprayed to prevent the feed raw materials from drying out and the fine and coarse materials from separating, making it difficult to form pellets; Step S2: Add the evenly stirred feed into a pellet mill, and press to obtain a total mixed pellet feed with a particle size of 0.4 cm and a length of 1.5 - 2 cm. Since the temperature of the made pellet feed is too high, to prevent mildew and spoilage, spread it out in a cool and dry place to air dry naturally and then bag it for standby.

9. A feeding method for a lamb starter feed that can improve the feed intake, feed conversion rate, lamb meat quality, serum biochemical indexes, and antioxidant indexes of lambs, characterized in that the feeding method includes: from 15 to 120 days old, the lambs are fed the starter feed twice a day, once at 8 am and once at 4 pm; the lambs can freely eat and drink, and it is ensured that there is some remaining feed in the provided feed basins every day.

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