Disease-preventing pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaf and rhizoma polygonati extracts

Abstract

The invention discloses a disease-preventing pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaf and rhizoma polygonati extracts and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that carnitine and citric acid are used for preparing a natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES), and the carnitine and the citric acid are mixed according to the molar ratio of 1: (0.2-4) and heated and stirred for 3-12 hours at the temperature of 40-80 DEG C to prepare the NaDES solvent; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing bamboo leaves and rhizoma polygonati, mixing according to a mass ratio of 1: (0.1-5), adding into a 0.1-0.5 g / mL NaDES solvent, extracting at 50-80 DEG C for 1-4 hours, and concentrating and drying to obtain a supramolecular extract; 0.1%-1% of the extract is added into a corn-soybean meal type basal feed. According to the method disclosed by the invention, plant cell walls are efficiently destroyed by utilizing the NaDES solvent, so that the extraction yield of polysaccharides in the bamboo leaves and the rhizoma polygonati reaches 50.16%-52.73%, and the extraction yield of flavones reaches 43.87%-52.73%. Feeding experiments show that the feed can significantly improve the daily average weight gain (0.59-0.69 kg) of live pigs, reduce blood cholesterol (2.2-2.4 mmol / L), improve the feed conversion ratio (2.54-2.72) and reduce the incidence of diseases. The process is green and efficient, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and specifically relates to a disease-preventing pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum extract and a preparation method thereof. In particular, it relates to a feed composition that uses natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) to efficiently extract the active ingredients of bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum and applies them to improve the growth performance of live pigs and reduce the incidence of diseases. Background Art

[0002] In intensive pig farming, the nutritional value and disease-preventing function of feed are crucial for improving production efficiency. Bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum, as traditional Chinese medicinal materials, have the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, replenishing qi and nourishing yin, etc. In the prior art, water or ethanol is mostly used as a solvent for extracting the active ingredients of bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum, but traditional solvents have problems such as low extraction efficiency and insufficient yield of active ingredients. For example, the extraction yield of polysaccharides by the water extraction method is only 17.36%, and although the extraction yield of flavonoids by the ethanol extraction method has increased (42.13%), it is still difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale production. In addition, the use of high temperature or organic solvents in traditional extraction processes may cause degradation or residue of active ingredients, affecting the safety of feed.

[0003] "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica" records that polygonatum sibiricum has the functions of tonifying the middle qi and enhancing immunity, and "Seeking Truth from the Materia Medica" points out that bamboo leaves can clear heat and detoxify. However, when directly adding crushed bamboo leaf and polygonatum sibiricum powders to existing feed additives, the active ingredients are difficult to be fully released due to the obstruction of cell walls, resulting in low bioavailability. In addition, although existing feed can prevent diseases by adding antibiotics, long-term use is likely to cause drug resistance problems and does not conform to the trend of green farming.

[0004] In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (NaDES), as a new type of green solvent, have attracted attention in the field of natural product extraction due to their low toxicity and strong designability. However, there is no research in the prior art on applying NaDES to the extraction of active ingredients of bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum and further using them in pig feed to improve the disease-preventing effect. How to optimize the NaDES formula and extraction process to break through the bondage of plant cell walls on active ingredients while ensuring the stability and efficacy of the extract in feed is still a technical problem to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the existing technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a disease-preventing pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum extract and a preparation method thereof, which uses NaDES solvent to efficiently destroy plant cell walls, greatly improves the extraction yield of polysaccharides in bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum, reduces blood cholesterol, and reduces the incidence of live pigs.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A disease-proof pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum extracts, comprising the following components: Corn-soybean meal type basic feed, and supramolecular extract accounting for 0.1% to 1% of the total weight of the basic feed; The supramolecular extract is prepared by the following steps: S1. Preparation of carnitine citrate natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES): carnitine and citric acid were mixed in a molar ratio of 1:0.2-4, and stirred and heated at 40°C-80°C for 3-12 hours to obtain a viscous liquid; S2. The bamboo leaves and polygonatum were crushed into bamboo leaf powder and polygonatum powder respectively, and mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.1~5; S3. Add the mixed bamboo leaf powder and polygonatum powder to a carnitine citrate NaDES solvent with a concentration of 0.1-0.5 g / mL, extract with stirring at 50°C-80°C for 1-4 hours, and filter to obtain a supramolecular extract; S4. After the supramolecular extract is concentrated under reduced pressure, it is dried under vacuum at a low temperature of 50° C. to 80° C. to obtain the supramolecular extract.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the molar ratio of carnitine to citric acid is 1:1, the heating temperature is 60° C., and the stirring time is 5 hours.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of the bamboo leaf powder to the polygonatum powder in step S2 is 1:1.

[0009] Preferably, the extraction temperature in step S3 is 60° C., the extraction time is 2 hours, and the concentration of the carnitine citrate NaDES solvent is 0.1 g / mL.

[0010] Preferably, the low-temperature vacuum drying temperature in step S4 is 60°C.

[0011] Preferably, the polysaccharide extraction rate in the supramolecular extract is 50.16% to 52.73%, and the flavonoid extraction rate is 43.87% to 52.73%.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the disease-proof pig feed, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare the supramolecular extract according to the method of claim 1; S2. Add the supramolecular extract to the corn-soybean meal type basic feed in proportion and mix well.

[0013] In addition, the present invention also provides an application of carnitine citric acid natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) in the preparation of pig feed. The NaDES is prepared from carnitine and citric acid in a molar ratio of 1:0.2 - 4, and is used for extracting active ingredients from bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum. The active ingredients include polysaccharides and flavonoids. The specific application is as follows: After crushing bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum, they are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.1 - 5, and added to a NaDES solvent with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.5 g / mL for extraction. The extract is concentrated and dried to be used as a feed additive.

[0014] Preferably, the extraction temperature is 50°C - 80°C, and the extraction time is 1 - 4 hours.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation conditions of the NaDES are: the molar ratio of carnitine to citric acid is 1:1, the heating temperature is 60°C, and the stirring time is 5 hours.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above - mentioned scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. High - efficiency extraction of active ingredients: Using carnitine citric acid NaDES as the extraction solvent, the cell walls of bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum are damaged through hydrogen - bond action, so that the extraction rate of polysaccharides reaches 50.16% - 52.73%, and the extraction rate of flavonoids reaches 43.87% - 52.73%. They are respectively 2.89 times and 3.24 times higher than those of the traditional water extraction method, and are significantly superior to the ethanol extraction process.

[0017] 2. Improvement of pig growth performance: Feeding experiments show that the feed added with 0.1% - 1% supramolecular extract can increase the daily average weight gain of pigs to 0.59 - 0.69 kg, reduce the feed - to - meat ratio to 2.54 - 2.72, and the blood cholesterol level drops by 50% to 2.2 - 2.4 mmol / L, and no diseases occur.

[0018] 3. Green and safe: The NaDES solvent is non - toxic and non - volatile, avoiding the residue of organic solvents and ensuring the safety of feed; the extraction process conditions are mild (40°C - 80°C), reducing the thermal degradation of active ingredients.

[0019] 4. Simplified process and easy to promote: The extraction steps are integrated (crushing - mixing - extraction - drying), without the need for complex equipment, and are suitable for large - scale production. Specific embodiments

[0020] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 This example relates to a preparation method of a disease-preventing pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum extract, comprising the following steps: S1: Mix carnitine and citric acid in a molar ratio of 1:1, put them into a reactor, stir and heat at 60 °C for 5 hours to obtain a viscous carnitine citrate NaDES solvent; S2: Crush bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum separately with a universal crusher (model FW-100) through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain bamboo leaf powder and polygonatum sibiricum powder, and mix them in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0022] S3: Add the mixed powder to a 0.1 g / mL NaDES solvent (solid-liquid ratio 1:10), stir and extract at a constant temperature of 60 °C for 2 hours, and filter to obtain a supramolecular extract.

[0023] S4: Concentrate the extract under reduced pressure to 1 / 5 of the original volume with a rotary evaporator (RE-52AA, vacuum degree -0.09 MPa), and then dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 24 hours to obtain a supramolecular extract.

[0024] S5: Add the supramolecular extract to a corn-soybean meal-based basic feed at a mass ratio of 0.1%, and mix it with a double-screw mixer (SLH-200) for 30 minutes to prepare a disease-preventing pig feed.

[0025] Test results: Polysaccharide extraction rate: 50.16%; Flavonoid extraction rate: 52.73%.

[0026] Feed feeding effect: 10 live pigs weighing 27 kg were fed for 76 days, with an average daily weight gain of 0.59 kg, a feed-to-meat ratio of 2.72, a blood cholesterol level of 2.4 mmol / L, and no diseases occurred.

[0027] Example 2 This example relates to a preparation method of a disease-preventing pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum extract, comprising the following steps: S1: The molar ratio of carnitine to citric acid is 1:0.2, stir at 60 °C for 5 hours to prepare a NaDES solvent; S2: Mix bamboo leaf powder and polygonatum sibiricum powder in a ratio of 1:5; S3: Add a 0.5 g / mL NaDES solvent and extract at 80 °C for 4 hours; S4: Vacuum dry at 80 °C; S5: The addition amount of the supramolecular extract is 0.8%.

[0028] Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0029] Test results: Polysaccharide extraction rate: 48.92%; Flavonoid extraction rate: 49.85%.

[0030] Feeding effect of the feed: 10 live pigs weighing 27 kg were fed for 76 days, with an average daily weight gain of 0.69 kg, a feed-to-meat ratio of 2.54, a blood cholesterol level of 2.2 mmol / L, and no diseases occurred.

[0031] Example 3 This example relates to a preparation method of a disease-preventing pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum extract, which includes the following steps: S1: The molar ratio of carnitine to citric acid is 1:4, and it is stirred at 40 °C for 12 hours; S2: The bamboo leaf powder and polygonatum sibiricum powder are mixed at a ratio of 1:0.1; S3: Add a NaDES solvent of 0.1 g / mL and extract at 50 °C for 4 hours; S4: Vacuum dry at 60 °C; S5: The addition amount of the supramolecular extract is 0.5%.

[0032] Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0033] Test results: The yield of polysaccharide extraction: 51.34%; The yield of flavonoid extraction: 45.67%.

[0034] Feeding effect of the feed: 10 live pigs weighing 27 kg were fed for 76 days, with an average daily weight gain of 0.63 kg, a feed-to-meat ratio of 2.69, a blood cholesterol level of 2.3 mmol / L, and no diseases occurred.

[0035] Comparative Example 1: Traditional water extraction The steps are as follows: After crushing bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum, they are mixed at a ratio of 1:1, pure water is added (solid-liquid ratio 1:10), and they are extracted at 60 °C for 2 hours. After concentration and drying, they are added to the basic feed at 0.1%.

[0036] Test results: The yield of polysaccharide extraction: 17.36%; The yield of flavonoid extraction: 13.51%.

[0037] Feeding effect of the feed: 10 live pigs weighing 27 kg were fed for 76 days, with an average daily weight gain of 0.50 kg, a feed-to-meat ratio of 3.28, a blood cholesterol level of 5.10 mmol / L, and 3 live pigs had colds.

[0038] Comparative Example 2: Ethanol extraction Steps: The raw material treatment is the same as that in Comparative Example 1, and it is changed to extract with 60% ethanol (solid-liquid ratio 1:10), and the other conditions are the same.

[0039] Test results: The yield of polysaccharide extraction: 24.83%; The yield of flavonoid extraction: 42.13%.

[0040] Feeding effect of the feed: 10 live pigs weighing 27 kg were fed for 76 days, with an average daily weight gain of 0.56 kg, a feed-to-meat ratio of 2.95, a blood cholesterol level of 4.62 mmol / L, and 2 live pigs were ill.

[0041] The test methods for the above Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are uniformly described as follows: Polysaccharide determination: Phenol-sulfuric acid method. Using glucose as the standard, the absorbance is measured at 490 nm.

[0042] Flavonoid determination: Aluminum nitrate colorimetric method. Using rutin as the standard, the absorbance is measured at 420 nm.

[0043] Feeding experiment: Select 27 kg healthy live pigs, 10 pigs in each group, with free access to food. Record the average daily weight gain and feed-to-meat ratio (total feed consumption / total weight gain). Blood cholesterol is detected using an enzyme-labeled instrument (model BioTek Synergy H1).

Claims

1. A disease-preventing pig feed containing supramolecular bamboo leaves and polygonatum sibiricum extract, characterized in that, Includes the following components: Corn-soybean meal type basic feed, and supramolecular extract accounting for 0.1% to 1% of the total weight of the basic feed; The supramolecular extract is prepared by the following steps: S1. Preparation of carnitine citrate natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES): carnitine and citric acid were mixed in a molar ratio of 1:0.2-4, and stirred and heated at 40°C-80°C for 3-12 hours to obtain a viscous liquid; S2. The bamboo leaves and polygonatum were crushed into bamboo leaf powder and polygonatum powder respectively, and mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.1~5; S3. Add the mixed bamboo leaf powder and polygonatum powder to a carnitine citrate NaDES solvent with a concentration of 0.1-0.5 g / mL, extract with stirring at 50°C-80°C for 1-4 hours, and filter to obtain a supramolecular extract; S4. After the supramolecular extract is concentrated under reduced pressure, it is dried under vacuum at a low temperature of 50° C. to 80° C. to obtain the supramolecular extract.

2. The disease-preventing pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the molar ratio of carnitine to citric acid is 1:1, the heating temperature is 60° C., and the stirring time is 5 hours.

3. The disease-preventing pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the bamboo leaf powder to the polygonatum powder in step S2 is 1:

1.

4. The disease-preventing pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction temperature in step S3 is 60° C., the extraction time is 2 hours, and the concentration of the carnitine citrate NaDES solvent is 0.1 g / mL.

5. The disease-preventing pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature vacuum drying temperature in step S4 is 60°C.

6. The disease-preventing pig feed according to claim 1, wherein: The polysaccharide extraction rate in the supramolecular extract is 50.16% to 52.73%, and the flavonoid extraction rate is 43.87% to 52.73%.

7. A method for preparing the disease-preventing pig feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare the supramolecular extract according to the method of claim 1; S2. Add the supramolecular extract to the corn-soybean meal type basic feed in proportion and mix well.

8. Application of a carnitine citrate natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) in the preparation of pig feed, characterized in that: The NaDES is prepared from carnitine and citric acid in a molar ratio of 1:0.2-4 and is used to extract active ingredients from bamboo leaves and polygonatum, wherein the active ingredients include polysaccharides and flavonoids; The application is specifically as follows: the bamboo leaves and polygonatum are crushed and mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-5, and then added into a NaDES solvent with a concentration of 0.1-0.5 g / mL for extraction, and the extract is concentrated and dried and then used as a feed additive.

9. The application according to claim 8, wherein: The extraction temperature is 50° C. to 80° C., and the extraction time is 1 to 4 hours.

10. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preparation conditions of the NaDES are: the molar ratio of carnitine to citric acid is 1:1, the heating temperature is 60° C., and the stirring time is 5 hours.