Artificial bait additive for improving intestinal flora of yellow-fin tuna and preparation method of artificial bait additive

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial bait additive for improving intestinal flora of yellow fin tuna, which comprises 15-30% of fish meal, 15-30% of soybean meal, 5-10% of wheat starch, 2-5% of fish oil, 1-3% of rapeseed oil, 5-10% of mulberry leaf powder, 5-15% of fly maggot powder, 1-5% of microalgae, 0.1-0.5% of bile acid, 1-3% of pine needle meal, 5-15% of brown rice and 1-5% of cow milk casein. The Chinese herbal medicine active components comprise 0.01%-0.1% of an acanthopanax senticosus extract, 0.05%-0.5% of ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, 1%-5% of bitter gourd dry powder, 0.01%-0.1% of a platycodin extract and 1%-5% of a fresh peach leaf fermentation product; the probiotic complexing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.01%-0.5% of bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, 0.01%-0.2% of lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder and 0.01%-0.3% of bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor, and the auxiliary components comprise 1%-5% of a brewer's grain fermentation substrate, 0.1%-0.5% of a fish oil emulsifier and 0.1%-1% of fructo-oligosaccharide. According to the present invention, the growth performance of the yellow-fin tuna can be comprehensively promoted, the immunity is enhanced, the intestinal health of the yellow-fin tuna is optimized, and the feed conversion rate can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture feed additives, and particularly to an artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a medium-sized tuna with a maximum weight approaching 200 kilograms, yellowfin tuna not only has a delicate and beautiful appearance but also excellent meat quality. It can meet the processing requirements of high-end fresh foods such as sashimi and sushi, and can also be used as high-quality raw materials for tuna cans. There are relatively rich yellowfin tuna resources in the South China Sea of our country, which provides good natural conditions for the development of its artificial breeding. However, at present, the artificial breeding technology of yellowfin tuna is still in the development stage and faces many challenges.

[0003] During the process of artificial breeding, the adaptability of yellowfin tuna to bait is a key issue. Existing general artificial feeds have disadvantages such as low water content, high hardness, and poor palatability, resulting in poor selectivity of yellowfin tuna juveniles for existing artificial feeds. This not only affects the utilization rate of the feed but may also have an adverse impact on the growth and health of yellowfin tuna. In addition, the intestinal flora structure of yellowfin tuna in the artificial breeding environment may be different from that in the wild state, and the balance of the intestinal flora is crucial for the nutritional metabolism, immune function, growth, and development of fish. Therefore, developing an artificial bait additive that can improve the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna has important practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna and a preparation method thereof, which can comprehensively promote the growth performance of yellowfin tuna, enhance its immunity, optimize the intestinal health of yellowfin tuna, and also improve the feed conversion rate.

[0005] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna and a preparation method thereof, the components of which include, by weight ratio: fish meal 15%-30%, soybean meal 15%-30%, wheat starch 5%-10%, fish oil 2%-5%, rapeseed oil 1%-3%, mulberry leaf powder 5%-10%, fly maggot powder 5%-15%, microalgae 1%-5%, bile acid 0.1%-0.5%, pine needle powder 1%-3%, brown rice 5%-15%, milk casein 1%-5%, diatomaceous earth 1%-3%, probiotic complex 0.01%-0.5%, Chinese herbal active ingredients 0.1%-1%, auxiliary components 1%-5%;

[0007] The active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines include 0.01%-0.1% of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, 0.05%-0.5% of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide, 1%-5% of bitter melon dry powder, 0.01%-0.1% of Platycodon grandiflorum saponin extract, and 1%-5% of fresh peach leaf fermentation product by weight ratio;

[0008] The probiotic compound comprises, by weight, 0.01%-0.5% of Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid, 0.01%-0.2% of Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder, and 0.01%-0.3% of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid;

[0009] The auxiliary components include 1%-5% of brewer's grain fermentation substrate, 0.1%-0.5% of fish oil emulsifier and 0.1%-1% of oligofructose by weight.

[0010] Further preferably, the ingredients of the artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna include 24% fish meal, 24% soybean meal, 8% wheat starch, 4% fish oil, 2% rapeseed oil, 8% mulberry leaf powder, 10% fly larvae powder, 3% microalgae, 0.3% bile acid, 2% pine needle powder, 10% brown rice, 3% milk casein, 2% diatomaceous earth, 0.25% probiotic compound, 0.55% Chinese herbal active ingredients, and 3% auxiliary ingredients; the Chinese herbal active ingredients are made of 0.55% Acanthopanax senticosus extract, 0.28% Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, 3% bitter melon dry powder, 0.55% Platycodon grandiflorum saponin extract, and 3% fresh peach leaf fermentation; the probiotic compound is made of 0.28% Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, 0.1% Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder, and 0.15% Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth; the auxiliary ingredients are made of 3% brewer's grains fermentation matrix, 0.3% fish oil emulsifier, and 0.55% oligofructose.

[0011] A method for preparing an artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna comprises the following steps:

[0012] (a) crushing raw materials such as fish meal, soybean meal, wheat starch, brown rice, etc. and passing through a 60-80 mesh sieve;

[0013] (b) accurately weighing the Chinese herbal medicine according to the formula;

[0014] (c) premixing fish oil, vegetable oil and fish oil emulsion, and emulsifying by high-speed shearing;

[0015] (d) Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth and Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder need to be activated in 37°C warm water for 30 minutes;

[0016] (e) putting the crushed fish meal, soybean meal, wheat starch, brown rice and other dry materials into a mixer and premixing for 5 minutes;

[0017] (f) Slowly add the emulsified oil and continue mixing for 3-5 minutes;

[0018] (g) Add Chinese herbal medicine extract, probiotic complex, bile acid, etc. in sequence, and mix at low speed for 2 minutes;

[0019] (h) Add an appropriate amount of water (accounting for 5%-8% of the total formula), and adjust the feed moisture to 25%-30%;

[0020] (i) Use a twin-screw extruder, control the temperature at 80-90°C, the pressure at 10-15 MPa, and the pellet diameter at 2-6 mm.

[0021] (j) Spray fructooligosaccharide on the surface of the pellets;

[0022] (k) Dry the pellet feed at 50-60°C in hot air for 20-30 minutes, reduce the moisture content to 10%-12%, and immediately cool it to room temperature after drying

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] It can promote the growth performance of yellowfin tuna, enhance its immunity, improve its intestinal health, increase the feed conversion rate, provide essential amino acids through fish meal and soybean meal, supplement high protein and bioactive substances with maggot powder and microalgae to meet the growth needs of fish, enhance immunity through the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine, regulate the intestinal flora with probiotic complex, improve the fat metabolism efficiency with bile acid, improve the intestinal microenvironment through the synergistic effect of probiotics and bile acid, increase the feed conversion rate, reduce nutrient waste, relieve farming stress through the natural ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine and pine needle powder, enhance the resistance of fish to pathogens, and improve the palatability through casein. Specific embodiments

[0025] The following further details the present invention.

[0026] Example 1, an artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna, including 15% fish meal, 15% soybean meal, 5% wheat starch, 2% fish oil, 1% rapeseed oil, 5% mulberry leaf powder, 5% maggot powder, 1% microalgae, 0.1% bile acid, which can promote fat emulsification and absorption and reduce the metabolic burden of the liver, 1% pine needle powder, 5% brown rice, 1% casein, which can supplement milk protein and improve palatability, 1% diatomaceous earth, which can adsorb the fishy smell and regulate the feed viscosity, 0.01% probiotic complex, 0.1% active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine, and 1% auxiliary ingredients by weight ratio.

[0027] The active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines include 0.01% of Acanthopanax senticosus extract by weight, which can improve growth performance and reduce the feed coefficient; 0.05% of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, which can enhance immunity and promote intestinal health; 1% of Momordica charantia dry powder, which can clear heat and detoxify and regulate metabolism; 0.01% of Platycodon grandiflorum saponin extract; and 1% of fermented fresh peach leaves, which can provide fermentation products and bioactive substances.

[0028] The components of the probiotic complex include 0.01% of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth by weight, which can regulate the intestinal flora and improve feed conversion; 0.01% of Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder, which can promote the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria; and 0.01% of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth, which can improve water quality and enhance disease resistance.

[0029] The auxiliary components include 1% of brewer's grains fermentation matrix by weight, which can provide fermentation products and nutrients; 0.1% of fish oil emulsifier, which can improve the utilization rate of fish oil; and 0.1% of fructooligosaccharide, which can promote the proliferation of probiotics.

[0030] Example 2: An artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna, including 30% of fish meal, 30% of soybean meal, 10% of wheat starch, 5% of fish oil, 3% of rapeseed oil, 10% of mulberry leaf powder, 15% of fly maggot powder, 5% of microalgae, 0.5% of bile acid, 3% of pine needle powder, 15% of brown rice, 5% of milk casein, 3% of diatomite, 0.5% of probiotic complex, 1% of Chinese herbal active ingredients, and 5% of auxiliary components by weight.

[0031] The Chinese herbal medicines include 0.1% of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, 0.5% of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, 5% of Momordica charantia dry powder, 0.1% of Platycodon grandiflorum saponin extract, and 5% of fermented fresh peach leaves by weight.

[0032] The probiotic complex includes 0.5% of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, 0.2% of Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder, and 0.3% of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth by weight.

[0033] The auxiliary components include 5% of brewer's grains fermentation matrix, 0.5% of fish oil emulsifier, and 1% of fructooligosaccharide by weight.

[0034] Example 3: An artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna, including 24% of fish meal, 24% of soybean meal, 8% of wheat starch, 4% of fish oil, 2% of rapeseed oil, 8% of mulberry leaf powder, 10% of fly maggot powder, 3% of microalgae, 0.3% of bile acid, 2% of pine needle powder, 10% of brown rice, 3% of milk casein, 2% of diatomite, 0.25% of probiotic complex, 0.55% of Chinese herbal active ingredients, and 3% of auxiliary components by weight.

[0035] The active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines include 0.55% of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, 0.28% of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, 3% of bitter melon dry powder, 0.55% of Platycodon grandiflorum saponin extract and 3% of fresh peach leaf fermentation product by weight ratio.

[0036] The probiotic compound comprises 0.28% of Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid, 0.1% of Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder and 0.15% of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid by weight ratio.

[0037] The auxiliary components include 3% brewer's grain fermentation substrate, 0.3% fish oil emulsifier and 0.55% oligofructose by weight.

[0038] Example 4, a method for preparing an artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna, comprising the following steps:

[0039] (a) crushing raw materials such as fish meal, soybean meal, wheat starch, brown rice, etc. and passing through a 60-80 mesh sieve;

[0040] (b) accurately weighing the Chinese herbal medicine according to the formula;

[0041] (c) premixing fish oil, vegetable oil and fish oil emulsion, and emulsifying by high-speed shearing;

[0042] (d) Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth and Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder need to be activated in 37°C warm water for 30 minutes;

[0043] (e) putting the crushed fish meal, soybean meal, wheat starch, brown rice and other dry materials into a mixer and premixing for 5 minutes;

[0044] (f) Slowly add the emulsified oil and continue mixing for 3-5 minutes;

[0045] (g) adding Chinese herbal extract, probiotic compound, bile acid, etc. in sequence, and mixing at low speed for 2 minutes;

[0046] (h) adding an appropriate amount of water (5%-8% of the total formula) and adjusting the feed humidity to 25%-30%;

[0047] (i) Using a twin-screw extruder, the temperature is controlled at 80-90°C, the pressure is 10-15MPa, and the pelletizing diameter is 2-6mm. ;

[0048] (j) spraying oligofructose on the surface of the particles;

[0049] (k) The pellet feed is dried at 50-60°C with hot air for 20-30 minutes until the moisture content is reduced to 10%-12%, and then immediately cooled to room temperature after drying.

[0050] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without creative contributions as needed, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present invention, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. An artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna, and its components by weight ratio include: Fish meal 15%-30%, soybean meal 15%-30%, wheat starch 5%-10%, fish oil 2%-5%, rapeseed oil 1%-3%, mulberry leaf powder 5%-10%, fly maggot powder 5%-15%, microalgae 1%-5%, bile acid 0.1%-0.5%, pine needle powder 1%-3%, brown rice 5%-15%, milk casein 1%-5%, diatomaceous earth 1%-3%, probiotic compound 0.01%-0.5%, Chinese herbal active ingredients 0.1%-1%, auxiliary ingredients 1%-5%; The active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines include 0.01%-0.1% of Acanthopanax senticosus extract, 0.05%-0.5% of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide, 1%-5% of bitter melon dry powder, 0.01%-0.1% of Platycodon grandiflorum saponin extract, and 1%-5% of fresh peach leaf fermentation product by weight ratio; The probiotic compound comprises, by weight, 0.01%-0.5% of Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid, 0.01%-0.2% of Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder, and 0.01%-0.3% of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid; The auxiliary components include 1%-5% of brewer's grain fermentation substrate, 0.1%-0.5% of fish oil emulsifier and 0.1%-1% of oligofructose by weight.

2. An artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention is prepared from the following raw materials in weight ratio: 24% fish meal, 24% soybean meal, 8% wheat starch, 4% fish oil, 2% rapeseed oil, 8% mulberry leaf powder, 10% fly maggot powder, 3% microalgae, 0.3% bile acid, 2% pine needle powder, 10% brown rice, 3% milk casein, 2% diatomaceous earth, 0.25% probiotic compound, 0.55% Chinese herbal active ingredient, and 3% auxiliary ingredient; the Chinese herbal active ingredient is prepared from 0.55% Acanthopanax senticosus extract, 0.28% Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, 3% bitter melon dry powder, 0.55% Platycodon grandiflorum saponin extract, and 3% fresh peach leaf fermentation product; the probiotic compound is prepared from 0.28% Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid, 0.1% Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder, and 0.15% Bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid; the auxiliary ingredient is prepared from 3% brewer's grains fermentation matrix, 0.3% fish oil emulsifier, and 0.55% oligofructose.

3. The preparation method of an artificial bait additive for improving the intestinal flora of yellowfin tuna according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (a) crushing raw materials such as fish meal, soybean meal, wheat starch, brown rice, etc. and passing through a 60-80 mesh sieve; (b) accurately weighing the Chinese herbal medicine according to the formula; (c) premixing fish oil, vegetable oil and fish oil emulsion, and emulsifying by high-speed shearing; (d) Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth and Lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-dried powder need to be activated in 37°C warm water for 30 minutes; (e) putting the crushed fish meal, soybean meal, wheat starch, brown rice and other dry materials into a mixer and premixing for 5 minutes; (f) Slowly add the emulsified oil and continue mixing for 3-5 minutes; (g) adding Chinese herbal extract, probiotic compound, bile acid, etc. in sequence, and mixing at low speed for 2 minutes; (h) adding an appropriate amount of water (5%-8% of the total formula) and adjusting the feed humidity to 25%-30%; (i) using a twin-screw extruder, controlling the temperature at 80-90°C, the pressure at 10-15 MPa, and the pelletizing diameter at 2-6 mm; (j) spraying oligofructose on the surface of the particles; (k) The pellet feed is dried with hot air at 50 - 60 °C for 20 - 30 minutes, and the moisture content is reduced to 10% - 12%. It is immediately cooled to room temperature after drying.