Application of fermented compound feed of prawn shell in cultivation of sandworm

Abstract

This invention relates to the application of a fermented shrimp shell feed compound in sandworm farming, belonging to the field of feed. This invention utilizes the abundant shrimp resources in Zhanjiang to process shrimp shells, and through quality improvement and fermentation technology, develops a feed-saving animal protein source—shrimp shell protein; then, it combines this with algae and other ingredients to create a special feed for sandworm farming. This establishes a specialized, serialized, efficient, and precise fermented feed product system for aquaculture animals. It achieves the recycling of agricultural waste within the same region and enables high-density indoor farming of Zhanjiang sandworms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed, and in particular relates to the application of a fermented shrimp shell feed compound in sandworm farming. Background Technology

[0002] In my country, there are two species commonly known as "sand worms": *Sipunculus nudus* and *Phascolosoma esculenta*. The species found in Zhanjiang and other western Guangdong regions is *Sipunculus nudus*. Its surface is grayish-white to light brownish-yellow, and its body is flat and elongated cylindrical, somewhat resembling an earthworm. It is completely smooth and hairless. Adult fresh sand worms are generally 10cm to 25cm long. The longitudinal muscles of its body wall are bundled and arranged alternately with the circular muscles, forming a square grid pattern. Sand worms produced in Zhanjiang are large, meaty, and of superior quality; they were approved as a geographical indication trademark in 2018.

[0003] The sandworm farming in Zhanjiang is mainly concentrated in Caotan Town, Suixi County. Currently, the main farming methods are monoculture of square-shaped sandworms and polyculture of square-shaped sandworms and clams, which do not require feeding during the farming cycle.

[0004] Sandworms have extremely high requirements for water quality, surviving only in unpolluted sandy tidal flats; currently, artificial breeding still relies on high-quality tidal flats, but this is limited by the area of ​​the tidal flats and the risk of environmental pollution. Due to their stringent breeding requirements, how to increase the yield per acre of sandworms is a difficult problem.

[0005] CN201911401335.3 proposes a method for high-density indoor breeding of Sipunculus nudus. This method achieves high-density indoor breeding through the regulation of breeding equipment, feed, sand layer conditioning, water management and other aspects. However, pure algae are still used for breeding. The growth of algae is greatly affected by environmental factors (such as light, temperature and nutrients). If not properly controlled, it can easily affect the burrowing and feeding of sandworms.

[0006] Zhanjiang boasts a leading position in shrimp farming output in China, with abundant resources of shrimp shells and other by-products rich in nutrients such as protein, amino acids, and astaxanthin, making them valuable and promising feed protein resources. Bio-fermentation technology, being green and environmentally friendly, can degrade the protein in shrimp shells into functional peptides, improving protein utilization efficiency. This is an effective means of fully utilizing local specialty agricultural products and developing regionally sourced feed ingredients, helping to alleviate the severe shortage of feed protein resources in my country.

[0007] Currently, shrimp shells in my country are mostly fermented in open fermentation tanks, which generally suffers from problems such as extensive fermentation methods, simple fermentation processes, and outdated equipment and facilities. The quality of fermented products varies, and the application methods are limited. There is insufficient research on the nutritional and immune effects on farmed animals and the protein compensation effect on low-protein feeds. The basis for industrial application lacks scientific rigor, standardization, precision, and systematization. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new fermentation technology for the development of efficient and grain-saving new special biological feeds. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the feed problem in high-density indoor aquaculture by finding a feed that can partially replace algae, thereby further increasing the aquaculture density of sandworms.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a fermented shrimp shell feed compound, comprising the following components by weight:

[0010]

[0011] The method for preparing fermented shrimp shells includes the following steps:

[0012] S1. Take the shrimp shells, steam them, and then grind them into shrimp shell powder.

[0013] S2. Shrimp shell powder is mixed with a carbon source, and then fermented with Bacillus vesiclei and Streptomyces. After fermentation, fermented shrimp shells are obtained.

[0014] Preferably, the shrimp shell contains ≥95% pure shrimp shell; the maximum particle size of the shrimp shell powder is 40 mesh.

[0015] Preferably, the diatomaceous earth in the diatom powder is at least one of the following:

[0016] Chaetoceros, Cyclostomata, and Cyclostomata.

[0017] Preferably, the green algae or brown algae powder is at least one of the following:

[0018] Chlorella, Sargassum, Sargassum fusiforme, Ulva procumbens.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2 of the method for preparing fermented shrimp shells, the conditions for mixed fermentation are as follows:

[0020] Aerobic fermentation, with an initial pH of 7.5±0.5 and a process pH of 7.5±0.5; fermentation time is at least 7 days;

[0021] Temperature: 33±3℃ for the first 24 hours of fermentation; 30±2℃ for the period after 24 hours of fermentation.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2 of the method for preparing fermented shrimp shells, the amount of carbon source added is 5-10 wt% of the shrimp shells.

[0023] Preferably, the shrimp shells are from whiteleg shrimp, tiger prawn, or Japanese shrimp.

[0024] Preferably, the diatom powder, green algae or brown algae powder is dried and then pulverized; the maximum particle size of the fermented shrimp shell feed compound is 80 mesh.

[0025] The aforementioned method for preparing fermented shrimp shell feed compound involves mixing the solid portion of fermented shrimp shells, diatom powder, fish meal, and green or brown algae powder; then adding the liquid product of fermented shrimp shells and sodium alginate to form gel particles; and finally crushing to obtain fermented shrimp shell feed compound with a maximum particle size of 80 mesh.

[0026] In this invention:

[0027] The shrimp shells are sourced from aquaculture byproducts in Zhanjiang, known as the "Shrimp Capital of China," where the primary shrimp species farmed is the Pacific white shrimp, but also includes tiger prawns and Japanese prawns. Since the shrimp shells may inevitably carry some adhering material such as shrimp eyes, eyestalks, and parts of the internal organs during the harvesting process, although these should be removed as much as possible before fermentation, complete removal is impossible. Therefore, ensuring a pure shrimp shell content of ≥95% is sufficient.

[0028] The main food sources of sandworms are benthic diatoms and organic detritus. Benthic diatoms are their primary nutrient source, especially in natural sea areas or aquaculture ponds, where sandworms grow faster in areas with high diatom abundance. Organic detritus includes animal and plant remains, microbial decomposition products, etc., which are adhered to by their tentacles and rolled into their mouths. Sandworms also have the habit of ingesting sand grains, absorbing organic matter (such as humus and dissolved organic matter) attached to the surface of the sand grains through their digestive tract. Undigested sand grains are then excreted, forming a "sand expulsion behavior." However, this invention and previous related studies have found that sandworms are not limited to feeding on diatoms; as long as the size is suitable, brown algae and green algae can also be used as food; moreover, the aquaculture effect is better when diatoms, brown algae, and green algae are in a specific ratio.

[0029] The fishmeal in this invention serves as a source of supplementary protein, but its proportion needs to be limited to a low range to avoid polluting the water.

[0030] The sodium alginate of the present invention is used as a gelling agent. Since the product of fermenting shrimp shells has two different parts, solid and liquid, and the liquid part contains organic acids and Ca2+, a gel can be made without the need to add an additional chelating agent. At the same time, crushing the gel can also control the particle size of the feed for easy feeding.

[0031] The shrimp shells of this invention need to be cleaned, desalted, and crushed before fermentation. Fresh shrimp shells (cooked or raw) need to be repeatedly rinsed with clean water to remove salt, and soaked for 24 hours if necessary. The crushed small fragments can improve fermentation efficiency and facilitate subsequent mixing and decomposition.

[0032] Some carbon source is required during fermentation, such as brown sugar; agricultural waste such as straw, sugarcane bagasse, or rice husks are not restricted; prevent the production of ammonia odor during fermentation.

[0033] This invention employs aerobic fermentation with a mixture of two bacterial strains. *Bacillus bellis* rapidly degrades shrimp shell proteins into small molecules such as polypeptides; *Streptomyces* subsequently decomposes chitin into oligosaccharides; and the antibiotics produced by *Streptomyces* inhibit other bacteria, improving the fermentation purity of *Bacillus bellis*. Because *Bacillus bellis* and *Streptomyces* require different fermentation cycles, this invention uses a fermentation temperature range of first a higher temperature and then a lower temperature. *Bacillus bellis* has a shorter fermentation cycle and requires a higher fermentation temperature, while *Streptomyces*, although less active at higher temperatures, still remains viable; therefore, a higher temperature is used first to complete the fermentation of *Bacillus bellis*.

[0034] This invention compares different types of bacteria, including non-fermenting bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Aspergillus oryzae, and EM bacteria; it found that the fermentation products of many bacteria are rejected by sandworms, and may even pollute water bodies, leading to the death of sandworms.

[0035] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are at least as follows:

[0036] This invention utilizes the abundant shrimp resources in Zhanjiang to process shrimp shells, and through quality improvement and fermentation technology, develops a feed-saving animal protein source—shrimp shell protein. It constructs a specialized, serialized, efficient, and precise fermented feed product system for aquaculture animals. This achieves the recycling of agricultural waste within the same region and enables high-density indoor farming of Zhanjiang sandworms. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0039] In the description of this invention, the term "for example" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration, or description." Any embodiment described as "for example" in this invention is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Details are set forth in the following description for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be made without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes will not be described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the invention with unnecessary detail. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the specific implementation methods are all conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0041] The sources of some of the raw materials used in this invention are as follows:

[0042] Shrimp shells: By-products from shrimp farms in Zhanjiang area, pre-washed, cooked at high temperature, impurities removed again, and then pulverized through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0043] Fish meal: Peruvian fish meal.

[0044] Green algae and brown algae: found in vegetable markets, including Chlorella, Sargassum, Sargassum fusiforme, Ulva procumbens, and others.

[0045] Diatoms: Shanghai Guangyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., including different combinations of diatoms such as Chaetoceros mu's, Chaetoceros spiralis, Chaetoceros slenderis, Chaetoceros softis, Microcyclocheilus cryptica, Microcyclocheilus men's, etc.

[0046] Lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus reuteri.

[0047] Bacillus species: Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belye.

[0048] Yeast: Angel Yeast.

[0049] Aspergillus oryzae: Aspergillus oryzae.

[0050] EM bacteria: EM bacteria.

[0051] Streptomyces: Streptomyces flavus.

[0052] All of the above strains are commercially available.

[0053] The rearing environment and specific rearing methods and environments for this invention are as follows:

[0054] Species being cultivated: Sipunculus nudus;

[0055] Breeding method: Feed the animals using the feeds prepared in the following examples.

[0056] Breeding time: Stocking in May;

[0057] Rearing environment: as described in the embodiment of CN201911401335.3.

[0058] Seedling density: 60 seedlings / m 2 ;

[0059] Seedling specifications: 2-3g / strip;

[0060] Feeding method: Feed once every 2 days, at a rate of 12g / m³. 2 .

[0061] Example 1

[0062] The preparation of fermented shrimp shells includes the following steps:

[0063] S1. Take the shrimp shells, steam them, and then grind them into shrimp shell powder.

[0064] S2. Shrimp shell powder and brown sugar are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1, and then fermented by a mixture of Bacillus vesiculosus and Streptomyces. After fermentation, fermented shrimp shells are obtained.

[0065] Fermentation conditions are:

[0066] Aerobic fermentation was carried out at an initial pH of 7.5, with a process pH of 7.5 ± 0.5; the fermentation time was 7 days.

[0067] Temperature: 33±3℃ for the first 24 hours of fermentation; 30±2℃ for the period after 24 hours of fermentation.

[0068] The mass ratio of Bacillus belyceae to Streptomyces was 1:1; the addition amount of each was 0.5 wt%; and the bacterial concentration was ≥1×10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, shrimp shell powder and brown sugar are mixed at a mass ratio of 10:2.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Bacillus belye; the addition amount is 1%.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Streptomyces; the amount added is 1%.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, Bacillus subtilis is used in an equal amount to replace Bacillus belyes.

[0077] Example 6

[0078] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Lactobacillus reuteri; the amount added is 1%.

[0079] Example 7

[0080] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Angel yeast; the addition amount is 1%.

[0081] Example 8

[0082] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Aspergillus oryzae; the amount added is 1%.

[0083] Example 9

[0084] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is EM bacteria; the addition amount is 1%.

[0085] Preparation of fermented shrimp shell feed compound

[0086] Weigh each component according to Table 1, mix the solid part of fermented shrimp shells, diatom powder, fish meal, and green or brown algae powder; then add the liquid product of fermented shrimp shells and sodium alginate to form gel particles; finally crush to obtain fermented shrimp shell feed compound with a maximum particle size of 80 mesh.

[0087] The diatom powder, green algae or brown algae powder are dried and pulverized before mixing, and then passed through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0088] Table 1

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] The breeding results were evaluated after six months of breeding, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0092] Table 2

[0093] Serial Number Number of deployments Harvesting quantity Average mass (g) Meat yield 1 1000 996 9.81 54 2 1000 995 9.76 52 3 1000 994 10.12 56 4 1000 996 9.82 53 5 1000 756 7.23 40 6 1000 704 6.58 45 7 1000 406 5.06 38 8 1000 232 4.52 36 9 1000 423 5.21 40 11 1000 731 6.53 42 12 1000 687 6.26 45

[0094] The meat yield in Table 2 is the proportion of body wall mass to total mass.

[0095] As shown in Table 2, not all fermentation products from different strains have a positive effect on sandworm farming; some may even pollute the environment, causing sandworms to refuse to eat (such as Bacillus subtilis) or die. Therefore, specific strains are needed when selecting fermentation strains.

[0096] The above detailed description is a specific description of one of the feasible embodiments of the present invention. This embodiment is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the present invention should be included within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermented shrimp shell feed compound, characterized in that, The following components are included in parts by mass: The method for preparing fermented shrimp shells includes the following steps: S1. Take the shrimp shells, steam them, and then grind them into shrimp shell powder. S2. Shrimp shell powder is mixed with carbon source, and then fermented by Bacillus vesiculosus and Streptomyces. After fermentation, fermented shrimp shells are obtained. In step S2 of the method for preparing fermented shrimp shells, the conditions for mixed fermentation are as follows: Aerobic fermentation, with an initial pH of 7.5±0.5 and a process pH of 7.5±0.5; fermentation time is at least 7 days; Temperature: 33±3℃ for the first 24 hours of fermentation; 30±2℃ for the period after 24 hours of fermentation.

2. The fermented shrimp shell feed compound according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shrimp shell contains ≥95% pure shrimp shell; the maximum particle size of the shrimp shell powder is 40 mesh.

3. The fermented shrimp shell feed compound according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diatom powder contains at least one of the following: Chaetoceros, Cyclostomata, and Cyclostomata.

4. The fermented shrimp shell feed compound according to claim 1, characterized in that, The green or brown algae powder is at least one of the following: Chlorella, Sargassum, Sargassum fusiforme, Ulva procumbens.

5. The fermented shrimp shell feed compound according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2 of the method for preparing fermented shrimp shells, the amount of carbon source added is 5-10 wt% of the shrimp shell.

6. The fermented shrimp shell feed compound according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shrimp shells are from whiteleg shrimp, tiger prawn, and Japanese shrimp.

7. The fermented shrimp shell feed compound according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diatom powder, green algae or brown algae powder is dried and then pulverized; the maximum particle size of the fermented shrimp shell feed compound is 80 mesh.

8. The method for preparing the fermented shrimp shell feed compound according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Mix the solid parts of fermented shrimp shells, diatom powder, fish meal, and green or brown algae powder; then add the liquid product of fermented shrimp shells and sodium alginate to form gel particles; finally crush to obtain a fermented shrimp shell feed compound with a maximum particle size of 80 mesh.

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