Crittling feed for salmon salmon in Tibet plateau region and preparation and breeding method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a brittleness feed for salmon salmon in a Tibet plateau region and a preparation method of the brittleness feed. Comprising the following raw material components: 100-400 parts of broad beans, 150-400 parts of fish meal, 50-150 parts of chicken meal, 25-70 parts of 46 soybean meal, 50-100 parts of soybean protein concentrate powder, 50-100 parts of flour, 30-80 parts of seawater fish oil, 30-80 parts of soybean oil, 3-8 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 12-32 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-5 parts of multi-vitamins for fish, 3-8 parts of multi-minerals for fish, 0.2-1 part of vitamin C, 1-5 parts of choline chloride and 0.5-2 parts of an antioxidant. The feed is suitable for the breeding environment of the Tibet plateau area, and can improve the growth performance of the salmon submargarita and increase the muscle brittleness of the salmon submargarita.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fish farming, and particularly relates to a brittle feed for Salmo trutta in the Tibetan Plateau region. Background Art

[0002] Salmo trutta fario belongs to Salmoniformes, Salmonidae, and Salmon, and is listed as a second-class key protected aquatic animal in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The meat of Salmo trutta fario is tender, delicious, rich in nutrition, complete in amino acid types, and has high-quality fatty acids. However, there are problems such as loose and fragile muscle fibers, which limit the cooking methods and seriously restrict its deep processing and market expansion.

[0003] As an additive, broad bean is increasingly widely used in the research of compound feed for livestock, poultry and aquaculture. In the research of livestock farming, adding broad bean to the feed does not limit its growth performance. However, relevant research on aquaculture shows that feeding broad bean can significantly improve the meat quality of fish such as grass carp, tilapia, allogynogenetic silver crucian carp and channel catfish, but will significantly reduce its growth performance.

[0004] CN114315918B discloses a method for separating and purifying vicine and its products and applications. The vicine obtained by the separation and purification method can retain the functional components for brittle muscle in broad bean and remove the anti-nutritional factors in broad bean to achieve rapid growth. However, the factors affecting fish growth and meat quality include water environment factors, varieties, nutrition and feeding, additives, etc. This patent only provides a method for removing anti-nutritional factors in broad bean, and the disclosed feed formula is not suitable for the cultivation of Salmo trutta in the hypoxic and low-temperature environment of the Tibetan Plateau. At present, there is no in-depth research on improving the meat quality of Salmo trutta in the Tibetan Plateau region. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a brittle feed for Salmo trutta in the Tibetan Plateau region, which is suitable for the cultivation environment in the Tibetan Plateau region, can improve the growth performance of Salmo trutta, and increase the muscle brittleness of Salmo trutta.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A brittle feed for Trutta himalayensis in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau, by mass, comprises the following raw material components: 100 - 400 parts of broad beans, 150 - 400 parts of fish meal, 50 - 150 parts of chicken meal, 25 - 70 parts of 46 soybean meal, 50 - 100 parts of soy protein concentrate, 50 - 100 parts of flour, 30 - 80 parts of marine fish oil, 30 - 80 parts of soybean oil, 3 - 8 parts of soy lecithin oil, 12 - 32 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 - 5 parts of fish multi-vitamins, 3 - 8 parts of fish multi-minerals, 0.2 - 1 part of vitamin C, 1 - 5 parts of choline chloride, and 0.5 - 2 parts of antioxidant.

[0008] The brittle feed for Trutta himalayensis in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau of the present invention, by mass, comprises the following raw material components: 100 - 400 parts of broad beans, 150 - 400 parts of fish meal, 50 - 150 parts of chicken meal, 25 - 70 parts of 46 soybean meal, 50 - 100 parts of soy protein concentrate, 50 - 100 parts of flour, 30 - 80 parts of marine fish oil, 30 - 80 parts of soybean oil, 3 - 8 parts of soy lecithin oil, 12 - 32 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 - 5 parts of fish multi-vitamins, 3 - 8 parts of fish multi-minerals, 0.2 - 1 part of vitamin C, 1 - 5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 - 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 - 5 parts of functional amino acids.

[0009] Preferably, the functional amino acids are lysine and methionine, and the mass ratio of the two is 2:1. The balance of the ratio of lysine and methionine in the feed is maintained.

[0010] Preferably, the broad beans account for 25% of the mass of the raw materials.

[0011] More preferably, by mass, it consists of the following components: 250 parts of broad beans, 280 parts of fish meal, 100 parts of chicken meal, 50 parts of 46 soybean meal, 84.5 parts of soy protein concentrate, 75 parts of flour, 60 parts of marine fish oil, 60 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of soy lecithin oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of fish multi-vitamins, 5 parts of fish multi-minerals, 1 part of antioxidant, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 3 parts of choline chloride, 2 parts of lysine, and 1 part of methionine.

[0012] Since broad beans are added to the feed, the amino acid content in plant protein is relatively low. To keep the total amino acid content unchanged in the feed, the corresponding 46 soybean meal is added according to the addition amount of broad beans, so that the ratio of 46 soybean meal to broad beans is 1:5. At the same time, the addition of broad beans affects the content of lysine and methionine in the feed, which has an impact on the growth of fish. Appropriate amounts of lysine and methionine are supplemented in the feed, so that the content of lysine and methionine in the feed is maintained in balance, weakening the restriction of methionine on the growth of Trutta himalayensis. At the same time, the processing of the synthetic feed weakens the effective components of anti-nutritional factors.

[0013] The preparation method of the brittle feed for Trutta himalayensis in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0014] A. Select high-quality dried broad beans, shell and peel them, then grind them into fine powder and sieve for later use.

[0015] B. Mix the broad bean powder with water at a ratio of 1:12, adjust the pH value to alkaline, and then perform ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour at 45°C.

[0016] C. Filter the mixed solution after ultrasonic treatment, collect the filtrate, adjust the pH value to acidic, then let it stand at 4°C for 12 hours to fully form precipitation, and filter. Through alkaline solution and ultrasonic treatment, the solubility of broad bean powder is improved, and the antinutritional factors are promoted to combine with metal ions to form insoluble compounds, which are thus removed by filtration.

[0017] D. Concentrate the filtrate to solid at 55°C, then crush the solid, dissolve it in distilled water, perform column chromatography through cation exchange resin, elute with ammonia water solution, concentrate the eluate, add acetone for extraction, and concentrate, recrystallize and dry the extraction solution to obtain vicine.

[0018] E. Mix vicine with the powdery raw materials according to the formulated amount and stir evenly, then add water, granulate the evenly stirred raw materials on an extruder, then dry and sieve, and then spray the oily raw materials and pack.

[0019] The antinutritional factors in broad beans, such as vicine, condensed tannins, broad bean agglutinin, protease inhibitors and phytic acid, etc., may all inhibit the growth of the animal body. The present invention effectively removes the antinutritional factors in broad beans through processing treatment of broad beans, while retaining the functional ingredient vicine that can crisp the muscle. After the compound feed undergoes comprehensive extrusion treatment, not only the content of nutrients is balanced, but also the content of antinutritional factors in broad beans is reduced.

[0020] Preferably, the feed is formulated once every 10 days, and the particle size is 3.5 mm. The feed with this specification has the highest feeding rate, which is beneficial to the growth of fish fry.

[0021] The cultivation method of the present invention for the crisping feed of Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Yadong region of the Tibet Plateau selects fish fry of 200 g - 250 g, the cultivation water temperature is 12°C - 14°C, the dissolved oxygen is above 6.0 mg / L, the water flow rate is 0.2 - 0.3 m 3 / s, and the cultivation density is 15 kg / m 3 ; Feed twice a day, at 10:00 am and 5:00 pm respectively, and the total feeding amount in a day is 0.16% of the body weight.

[0022] Through the design of the formulated feed, the nutritional balance of the feed will not be disrupted even when broad beans are added, meeting the nutritional requirements of the Yadong salmon in Tibet and maintaining nutritional balance. During the processing of the formulated feed, the anti-nutritional factor components in broad beans are reduced, and different doses of lysine and methionine are supplemented in the feed, so that the contents of lysine and methionine in the feed remain at a certain level even after a large amount of broad beans are added, weakening the restriction on the growth of Yadong salmon. Also, because the Yadong salmon is a cold-water fish in the Tibet Plateau, the breeding water temperature is in a low-temperature environment of 12°C - 14°C, the metabolic rate of the fish is relatively low, and it has a more efficient protein retention ability compared with warm-water fish. It has a low absorption rate for some anti-nutritional factors in broad beans. The high-pressure and low-oxygen environment in the plateau indirectly enhances the digestive system's tolerance to the anti-nutritional factors in broad beans through the cell emergency response system of the Yadong salmon. Therefore, under the action of the above various factors, using broad beans for crisping will not reduce the growth performance of Yadong salmon. Detailed implementation mode

[0023] In order to more clearly and detailedly illustrate the objective technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described through relevant embodiments below. The following embodiments are only for specifically illustrating the implementation method of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Before the experiment of the present invention, the Yadong salmon was subjected to adaptive domestication for about 1 week. After the Yadong salmon adapted to the environment, the formal experiment began. Select fish species with a weight of 200g - 250g, and feed them 2 times a day. The total daily feeding amount is 0.16% of the fish body weight. The actual food intake of each group was recorded in detail. During this period, the dissolved oxygen was kept not less than 6.0mg / L, the average water temperature was 13.58°C, the water flow rate was 0.2 - 0.3m 3 / s, and the breeding density was 15kg / m 3 , record the activity status and the death toll every day, and regularly clean the experimental fish pond.

[0025] Before the formal start of the experiment, 30 fish were randomly measured for their initial weight, body length and total length in each group. After the experiment ended, 24 hours after feeding was stopped, 30 fish were randomly measured for their final weight, body length and total length in each group. 3 fish were randomly selected and fished out from each parallel group, and the internal organs were anatomically separated and dried and weighed; the liver separated from the internal organs was weighed, and the growth performance indicators:

[0026] Absolute weight gain (AGR) = weight at the end of the experiment - weight at the start of the experiment;

[0027] Weight gain rate (WGR, %) = (absolute weight gain / weight at the start of the experiment) × 100%;

[0028] Average daily gain (ADG) = absolute weight gain / number of experimental days;

[0029] Condition factor (CF) = fish body weight (g) × 100 / [fish body length (cm)]3;

[0030] Hepatosomatic index (HSI) = (liver weight / body weight) × 100%;

[0031] Feed conversion ratio (FCR) = total feed intake / total weight gain of fish;

[0032] Protein efficiency ratio (PER, %) = [(total weight at the end of the experiment - total weight at the start of the experiment) / (total feed intake × feed protein content)] × 100%.

[0033] The present invention designs a basic formulated feed. The feed raw material components are as follows by weight: 280 parts of fish meal, 100 parts of chicken meal, 50 parts of 46 soybean meal, 84.5 parts of soy protein concentrate, 75 parts of flour, 60 parts of marine fish oil, 60 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of soy lecithin oil, 20 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of fish multi-vitamins, 5 parts of fish multi-minerals, 1 part of antioxidant, 0.5 part of vitamin C, and 3 parts of choline chloride. The formulated feed has a balanced nutrition, containing 40.16% crude protein and 12.26% crude fat.

[0034] The present invention adds different amounts of broad beans to the basic feed. The broad beans are processed to extract vicine and then mixed. Observe the D1 control group (0%); the D2 - D4 experimental groups add 12.5%, 25%, and 37.5% broad beans respectively. Each group has 3 parallels, with 80 tails in each parallel, and a 90-day breeding experiment is carried out.

[0035] Take the muscles on both sides of the back of 3 fish from each experimental parallel group. The amino acid content is determined by liquid chromatography according to GB / T5009·124-2016.

[0036] Table 1 Effects of different broad bean levels added to the feed on the amino acids of Schizothorax waltoni

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] 17 kinds of amino acids are detected from the muscles of Schizothorax waltoni, including 8 essential amino acids and 9 non-essential amino acids. The essential amino acids threonine (3.22), leucine (4.55), valine (3.71), and the non-essential amino acids proline (6.80), serine (2.49) in the D4 group are significantly lower than those in the D1 group (P<0.05); the essential amino acids in the D3 group are reduced the least and there is no significant difference from the D1 group (P>0.05), but lysine and methionine are significantly lower than those in the D1 group.

[0040] Observe the effects of different broad bean levels added to the feed on the growth performance of Schizothorax waltoni, as shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Effects of Different Levels of Broad Bean in Feed on the Growth Performance of Salmo trutta fario

[0042]

[0043] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with D2 and D4 groups, the condition factor, weight gain rate and protein efficiency of D3 group were the highest, and the feed coefficient was the best. There were no significant differences in other growth performances (P>0.05), but the growth performance was still inferior to that of D1 group without broad bean.

[0044] This may be because the contents of methionine and lysine in plant proteins are relatively low, which are the limiting amino acids of plant proteins, resulting in slow fish growth. Supplementing appropriate amounts of methionine and lysine in the feed can weaken the negative impact of a large amount of broad bean added on fish growth.

[0045] The present invention further adds lysine and methionine to the feed of D3 group to obtain D5 group. The improved feed is composed of the following components: 250 parts of broad bean, 280 parts of fish meal, 100 parts of chicken meal, 50 parts of 46 soybean meal, 84.5 parts of soy protein concentrate, 75 parts of flour, 60 parts of marine fish oil, 60 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of soy lecithin oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of fish multi-vitamins, 5 parts of fish multi-minerals, 1 part of antioxidant, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 3 parts of choline chloride, 2 parts of lysine and 1 part of methionine. The contents of lysine and methionine in the muscle of Salmo trutta fario increased significantly, reaching 6.83±0.17 and 1.70±0.13 respectively, showing no significant difference from that of D1 group, thus making up for the loss caused by adding broad bean.

[0046] Table 3 Effects of Feed Added with Amino Acids on the Growth Performance of Salmo trutta fario

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] As can be seen from Table 3, after adding lysine and methionine to the feed, the condition factor increased, the weight gain rate and protein efficiency were the highest, and the feed coefficient was the best, improving the growth performance of Salmo trutta fario.

[0050] Further study on the effect of feed on the meat quality of Salmo trutta fario. The detection of muscle hardness, elasticity, chewiness and shear force was carried out using an FTC texture analyzer (Beijing Yingsheng Hengtai Technology Co., Ltd., China), and was computer-controlled by Texture Lab Pro software (Beijing Yingsheng Hengtai Technology Co., Ltd., China).

[0051] Take the dorsal muscle of Schizothorax progastus measuring 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 2.0 cm, and use a cylindrical probe (432-010) with a diameter of 75 mm and a light single-blade shearing probe (432-245) for detection. The speed before testing is 60 mm·min －1 , and the speed after testing is 60 mm·min －1 , and the testing speed is 60 mm·min －1 . The time interval between two compressions is 60 s, and the compression ratio is 60%. When testing, 3 fish are taken from each group, 2 samples are taken from the dorsal muscles on both sides of each fish, and each sample is measured 3 times.

[0052] Table 4 Effects of different levels of broad bean added to the feed on the texture properties of Schizothorax progastus muscle

[0053] Texture D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Hardness 63.89±2.65 73.20±2.46 71.87±2.57 66.68±2.56 75.36±2.35 Elasticity 3.59±0.10 3.94±0.09 4.09±0.11 3.84±0.10 4.32±0.14 Chewiness 76.89±5.04 93.67±5.35 97.97±8.29 77.53±4.70 98.25±5.23 Shearing force 51.70±2.43 69.03±3.24 73.43±2.03 61.37±2.26 75.43±1.56

[0054] Table 5 Effects of different levels of broad bean added to the feed on the basic nutrient components of Schizothorax progastus muscle

[0055] Basic nutrient components (%) D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Moisture 80.98±0.80 80.62±1.24 80.62±1.14 84.47±1.06 80.51±1.45 Crude protein 76.77±1.90 77.30±2.16 78.02±0.30 76.92±1.18 79.82±0.23 Crude fat 2.96±0.13 3.15±0.21 3.25±0.28 2.15±0.15 3.82±0.15 Ash 5.05±0.28 5.11±0.10 4.96±0.23 5.31±0.08 4.87±0.65

[0056] As can be seen from Table 4, the D5 group has the highest hardness, elasticity, chewiness, and shear force, and there are significant differences compared with the D1 group. Hardness is the internal binding force for the muscle to maintain its shape, which is closely related to its fat content and increases with the increase of fat content. Chewiness is correlated with its hardness, cohesiveness, and elasticity. The greater the muscle hardness and elasticity, the stronger its chewiness, and there is a positive correlation among the three. For the basic nutrient components of Schizothorax progastus, the D5 group has the highest crude protein and crude fat, and there are significant differences compared with the D1 group (P<0.05).

[0057] Thus, it can be seen that feeding Schizothorax progastus with 25% broad bean added to the feed and supplementing a certain amount of lysine and methionine can significantly improve the plumpness growth performance of Schizothorax progastus, increase the weight gain rate and protein efficiency, reduce the feed coefficient, and improve the growth performance of Schizothorax progastus; at the same time, it significantly improves the texture hardness, elasticity, chewiness, and shear force of the muscle, increases the muscle brittleness of Schizothorax progastus; and increases the contents of muscle crude protein and crude fat.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] A brittle feed for Schizothorax progastus in the Tibetan Plateau region, by mass, comprises the following raw material components: 100 parts of broad bean, 150 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of chicken meal, 25 parts of 46 soybean meal, 50 parts of soy protein concentrate powder, 50 parts of flour, 30 parts of marine fish oil, 30 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 12 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of fish multi-vitamin, 3 parts of fish multi-mineral, 0.2 part of vitamin C, 1 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.7 part of lysine, and 0.3 part of methionine.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A brittle feed for Oncorhynchus hookeri in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau, by mass, comprises the following raw material components: 400 parts of broad beans, 400 parts of fish meal, 150 parts of chicken meal, 80 parts of 46 soybean meal, 100 parts of soy protein concentrate, 100 parts of flour, 80 parts of marine fish oil, 80 parts of soybean oil, 8 parts of soy lecithin oil, 32 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of fish multivitamins, 8 parts of fish multiminerals, 1 part of vitamin C, 5 parts of choline chloride, 2 parts of antioxidant, 3.5 parts of lysine and 1.5 parts of methionine.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] A brittle feed for Oncorhynchus hookeri in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau, by mass, comprises the following raw material components: 300 parts of broad beans, 350 parts of fish meal, 100 parts of chicken meal, 60 parts of 46 soybean meal, 60 parts of soy protein concentrate, 60 parts of flour, 50 parts of marine fish oil, 50 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of soy lecithin oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of fish multivitamins, 5 parts of fish multiminerals, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 3 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of antioxidant, 2 parts of lysine and 1 part of methionine.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The preparation method of the brittle feed for Oncorhynchus hookeri in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0066] A. Select high-quality dry broad beans, remove the shells and skins, grind them into fine powder, and sieve for standby;

[0067] B. Mix the broad bean powder with water in a ratio of 1:12, adjust the pH value to 9.0, and then perform ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour at 45°C;

[0068] C. Filter the ultrasonic-treated mixed solution, collect the filtrate, adjust the pH value to 4.8, then stand at 4°C for 12 hours to fully form the precipitate, and filter;

[0069] D. Concentrate the filtrate to a solid at 55°C, then crush the solid, dissolve it in distilled water, perform column chromatography through a cation exchange resin, elute with ammonia water solution, concentrate the eluate, extract with acetone, and concentrate, recrystallize and dry the extract to obtain vicine;

[0070] E. Mix the vicine with the powdery raw materials according to the formula amount and stir evenly, then add water, granulate the evenly stirred raw materials on an extruder, then dry and sieve, and then spray the oily raw materials and pack.

[0071] Prepare the feed once every 10 days, and the particle size is 3.5 mm.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 4:

[0074] Separation and purification of vicine:

[0075] Column packing and pretreatment of resin: Pack a column with 001×7 cation exchange resin, soak it in distilled water for 24 hours, then soak it in 4 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution and 4 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 24 hours respectively, and wash it with distilled water until neutral.

[0076] Sample loading and elution: Dissolve the aqueous extract of vicine in distilled water, adjust the pH to 4.8, and pass it through the resin column at a flow rate of 0.5 bv / h. The sample loading amount is 4.5 bv. Wash the impurities with 4 bv of distilled water, and then elute the resin with 0.5% ammonia water at a flow rate of 1 bv / h for 9 bv.

[0077] Crystallization: After concentrating the eluate by about 100 times, add 3 times the volume of acetone and shake it. Centrifuge at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate the upper layer solution. After concentrating to the minimum volume, adjust the pH to 7.0 with 4 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution and let it stand at 4°C for 26 hours to form crystals. Centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C to obtain the crude vicine crystals.

[0078] Recrystallization: Dissolve the crude vicine crystals in water (1 g / 80 ml), adjust the pH to 7.0 with 4 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and let it stand at 4°C for 26 hours for recrystallization.

[0079] Drying and detection: Dry the recrystallized vicine crystals at 50°C and detect them by high performance liquid chromatography to ensure that the vicine content reaches more than 95%.

[0080] The above embodiments only represent the specific implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A brittle feed for tricolor snow trout in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau, characterized in that, By mass, it includes the following raw material components: 100 - 400 parts of broad beans, 150 - 400 parts of fish meal, 50 - 150 parts of chicken meal, 25 - 70 parts of 46 soybean meal, 50 - 100 parts of soy protein concentrate powder, 50 - 100 parts of flour, 30 - 80 parts of marine fish oil, 30 - 80 parts of soybean oil, 3 - 8 parts of soy lecithin oil, 12 - 32 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 - 5 parts of multi - vitamins for fish, 3 - 8 parts of multi - minerals for fish, 0.2 - 1 part of vitamin C, 1 - 5 parts of choline chloride, and 0.5 - 2 parts of antioxidant.

2. The brittle feed for Hucho bleekeri in the Yadong region of the Tibet Plateau according to claim 1, wherein By mass, it includes the following raw material components: 100 - 400 parts of broad beans, 150 - 400 parts of fish meal, 50 - 150 parts of chicken meal, 25 - 70 parts of 46 soybean meal, 50 - 100 parts of soy protein concentrate powder, 50 - 100 parts of flour, 30 - 80 parts of marine fish oil, 30 - 80 parts of soybean oil, 3 - 8 parts of soy lecithin oil, 12 - 32 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 - 5 parts of multi - vitamins for fish, 3 - 8 parts of multi - minerals for fish, 0.2 - 1 part of vitamin C, 1 - 5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 - 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 - 5 parts of functional amino acids.

3. The brittle feed for Oncorhynchus hookeri in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau according to claim 2, characterized in that, By mass, it includes the following raw material components: the functional amino acids are lysine and methionine, and the mass ratio of the two is 2:

1.

4. The brittle feed for Himalayan snowtrout in the Yadong area of the Tibet Plateau region according to claim 2, wherein, The broad beans account for 25% of the raw material mass percentage.

5. The brittle feed for Oncorhynchus mstkiss in Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau according to claim 4, characterized in that, By mass, it is composed of the following raw material components: 250 parts of broad beans, 280 parts of fish meal, 100 parts of chicken meal, 50 parts of 46 soybean meal, 84.5 parts of soy protein concentrate powder, 75 parts of flour, 60 parts of marine fish oil, 60 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of soy lecithin oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of multi - vitamins for fish, 5 parts of multi - minerals for fish, 1 part of antioxidant, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 3 parts of choline chloride, 2 parts of lysine, and 1 part of methionine.

6. The preparation method of the brittle feed for the Yadong salmon in the Tibet Plateau region according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: A. Select high - quality dry broad beans, remove the shells and skins, then grind them into fine powder and sieve for later use; B. Mix the broad bean powder with water at a ratio of 1:12, adjust the pH value to alkaline, and then perform ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour at 45°C; C. Filter the mixed liquid after ultrasonic treatment, collect the filtrate, adjust the pH value to acidic, then let it stand at 4°C for 12 hours to fully form the precipitate, and filter; D. Concentrate the filtrate to a solid at 55°C, then crush the solid and dissolve it in distilled water, perform column chromatography through a cation - exchange resin, elute with ammonia water solution, concentrate the eluate, extract with acetone, and concentrate, recrystallize, and dry the extract to obtain vicine; E. Mix the vicine with the powdered raw materials according to the formula amount and stir evenly, then add water, granulate the evenly - stirred raw materials on an extruder, then dry and sieve, and then spray the oily raw materials and pack.

7. The preparation method of the brittle feed for Oncorhynchus hookeri in the Yadong region of the Tibetan Plateau according to claim 6, wherein, Prepare the feed once every 10 days, and the particle size is 3.5 mm.

8. The breeding method of the brittle feed for the Yadong salmon in the Tibetan Plateau region according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Select fish species weighing 200 g - 250 g, with a breeding water temperature of 12°C - 14°C, dissolved oxygen above 6.0 mg / L, water flow rate of 0.2 - 0.3 m 3 / s, and a breeding density of 15 kg / m 3 ; Feed twice a day, at 10:00 am and 5:00 pm respectively, and the total daily feeding amount is 0.16% of the body weight.

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