Hermetia illucens breeding feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a hermetia illucens breeding feed and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feeds. The hermetia illucens breeding feed comprises a microbial preparation, kitchen garbage, natural substances, meal substances and modified shell powder. The modified shell powder is prepared from acid-treated shell powder. The invention also provides a preparation method of the composition. According to the application, the specially modified shell powder is synergistically used with the natural plant extract and the compound probiotics, so that synergism and unification of four targets of nutrition, antibiosis, deodorization and environmental stability are realized, and growth of pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella and escherichia coli is effectively inhibited; the problem of corruption caused by humidity and ventilation conditions of the breeding environment can be improved for a long time. The modified shell powder is used as a composite functional carrier, a probiotic attachment and stable release platform is provided by utilizing a porous structure of the modified shell powder, and the survival rate and the resource conversion efficiency of the hermetia illucens are systematically improved by combining with the continuous effect of natural active substances, so that the method has good innovativeness and practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a black soldier fly breeding feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The scientific name of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is Hermetia illucens, belonging to the family Stratiomyidae of Diptera. It is a saprophagous insect with strong growth adaptability. It can decompose 68% of the dry matter in the substrate. The larvae of the black soldier fly are rich in fat, protein and minerals, and are high-quality feed protein sources, which are widely used in animal production. The black soldier fly has dual values in organic waste treatment and resource utilization. It can not only efficiently convert kitchen waste, waste coconut endosperm, bean curd residue, banana peel and other organic wastes, but also produce high-value insect body protein, which has important research significance in protein feed production. Kitchen waste, commonly known as "swill", mainly refers to the leftovers discarded in restaurants, canteens and other food service industries and public canteens. Using kitchen waste to breed black soldier flies is a new technology, and the process is becoming increasingly perfect. This technology feeds the pre-treated kitchen waste to small animals such as black soldier flies, and high-value resource products such as insect body protein, feed or feed additives and organic fertilizers can be obtained. After the protein of kitchen waste is reconstructed by small animals, the problems of protein homology and product standardization can be solved. The black soldier fly degrades livestock and poultry manure and kitchen waste, and can truly achieve harmlessness and no secondary pollution, achieving the resource utilization of organic waste and becoming green wealth.

[0003] During the breeding process of black soldier flies, if the breeding environment has poor ventilation, too high or too low temperature, or there is water accumulation or humidity in the place where the insect body grows, this will provide favorable conditions for the breeding of germs. With poor environmental sanitation and the aggregation of insect bodies, the spread speed of germs will also accelerate. The black soldier fly is easily infected by fungi and bacteria in an environment with too high humidity. Especially when the food residues are wet or piled up too much, it is easy to breed pathogenic microorganisms, leading to the occurrence of soft rot disease. When the breeding density of black soldier flies is too high, the contact between insect bodies increases, the transmission opportunity of pathogens increases, and the resource competition between individuals is fierce, which easily leads to a weakened immune system and then infection with diseases. Even due to germ pollution, especially anaerobic bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, etc.) and certain fungi, they are transmitted into the insect body through unclean food or egg sources, and then infect the soft tissues of the black soldier fly, resulting in rot.

[0004] CN109757627A discloses a feed for promoting the growth of black soldier fly larvae and a preparation method thereof, which includes organic garbage, animal manure, waste clay, blood meal and fungal additives. First, the organic garbage, animal manure, waste clay and blood meal in parts by weight are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a first mixture. Then, the first mixture is cooked at high temperature, sterilized and mixed with the fungal additives in parts by weight to obtain a second mixture. Then, the second mixture is placed in an aerobic environment for aerobic fermentation. Finally, the fermented product is drained and dried to obtain the feed. This solves the problems that the existing black soldier fly feed has a relatively high production cost based on conventional foods, its complete reliance on flour, wheat bran and cornmeal results in a single nutrient composition in the whole feed, and the effect of improving the growth cycle of black soldier fly larvae is limited. However, the effect still needs to be further improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the present invention provides a black soldier fly breeding feed based on the synergistic effect of probiotics, kitchen waste, natural substances, meal substances and shell powder, and structurally directed modification. By reasonably proportioning microbial agents, modified shell powder, natural extracts and organic waste raw materials, the three effects of antibacterial, deodorizing and nutritional enhancement are achieved, and the stability, biological safety and deodorizing effect in the black soldier fly breeding process are significantly improved.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a black soldier fly breeding feed, which is characterized in that it includes microbial agents, kitchen waste, natural substances, meal substances and shell powder.

[0007] Further preferably, a black soldier fly breeding feed includes the following components: 1-6 parts by weight of microbial agents, 15-30 parts by weight of kitchen waste, 1-10 parts by weight of natural substances, 70-90 parts by weight of waste substances, 3-20 parts by weight of shell powder; Among them, the microbial agent is at least one of Bifidobacterium longum, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Clostridium butyricum, Candida utilis, Bacillus natto, Lactobacillus.

[0008] Among them, the kitchen waste is obtained by sorting - removing residues - removing sand from kitchen waste, followed by filtration, pulverization and drying, and the organic particle size is ≤2 mm.

[0009] Among them, the natural substance is at least one of Echinacea purpurea extract, garlic extract, yucca extract; Among them, the waste substance is at least one of meal substances and tofu residue substances; Among them, the meal substance is at least one of corn germ meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, rice bran meal.

[0010] Among them, the particle size of the shell powder is 50 nm.

[0011] The Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. used in the present invention interact with each other, can colonize in the feed matrix or the intestinal tract of insects, competitively inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and the metabolites produced by the microbial agents (such as organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins) have antibacterial properties and can also inhibit the reproduction and growth of pathogenic bacteria. At the same time, through their own growth metabolism and metabolite decomposition of sulfur-containing, nitrogen-containing and other volatile gases, the deodorization effect can be achieved.

[0012] Echinacea purpurea extract contains a variety of active ingredients such as rich polyphenols, chicoric acid, polysaccharides, alkylamides, etc., which can effectively improve the immunity of the body and have antibacterial and antiviral effects. Garlic extract contains a variety of active ingredients such as allicin, garlic polysaccharide, allicin, etc. Among them, allicin is a complex of various allyl organic sulfides, which has functions such as sterilization and improving the immunity of the body, and also has good deodorization and odor removal effects. Yucca extract contains a variety of active ingredients such as yucca saponins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, etc., which can not only have antibacterial effects but also have deodorization effects.

[0013] Chitin in the shell powder can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and has good antibacterial properties. In addition, the porous fibrous double-helical structure of the shell powder gives it strong adsorption ability, and can adsorb various molecules similar in pore size, including harmful substances such as formaldehyde and toluene, thereby playing a role in purifying the air.

[0014] The present invention uses the interaction of microbial agents, natural substances, and shell powder, and uses the biological-natural substance-physical adsorption method to synergistically improve antibacterial and deodorization properties.

[0015] Corn germ meal is a high-quality feed raw material. It is the remaining part in the corn processing process and contains rich nutritional components such as protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins. Corn germ meal can improve the taste and appetite of the feed. Because it contains rich oils and fats, it can increase the fragrance and taste of the feed, improve the palatability and feed intake of the feed. Tofu residue is the waste generated in the production process of soy protein isolate and contains high nutritional value. The isoflavones and soy saponins contained in it can be metabolized by the gut microbiome. The present invention provides the use of kitchen waste and waste substances as black soldier fly breeding feed, effectively realizing resource recycling and reducing environmental pollution.

[0016] Further preferably, a black soldier fly breeding feed comprises the following components: 1-6 parts by weight of microbial agent, 15-30 parts by weight of kitchen waste, 1-10 parts by weight of natural substance, 70-90 parts by weight of waste substance, 3-20 parts by weight of modified shell powder; The preparation method of the modified shell powder: S1 Add 10-20 parts by weight of shell powder to 80-100 parts by weight of 0.2-0.5 mol / L nitric acid, heat to 50-60 °C and treat for 1-3 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain pretreated shell powder; S2 Add the above pretreated shell powder and 5-8 parts by weight of amino microcrystalline cellulose to 80-100 parts by weight of water, then add 2-5 parts by weight of citric acid, heat to 60-70 °C and treat for 1-3 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain microcrystalline cellulose-treated shell powder; S3 Add the microcrystalline cellulose-treated shell powder to 80-100 parts by weight of water, then add 5-7 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 3-5 parts by weight of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of EDC, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of NHS, heat to 20-40 °C and react for 20-24 h. After the reaction ends, cool to room temperature, mix with 1-3 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution, solidify, wash and dry to obtain modified shell powder.

[0017] Among them, the preparation method of the amino microcrystalline cellulose is: add 1-3 parts by weight of lysine, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of EDC, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of NHS, and 5-8 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose to 50-80 parts by weight of phosphate buffer solution, mix evenly, treat at room temperature for 24-48 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain amino microcrystalline cellulose.

[0018] The shell powder is pretreated with acid to make it contain a large number of active groups, effectively expand the specific surface area, and increase the adsorption of natural substances; under the action of citric acid, amino cellulose is grafted with the pretreated shell powder to increase the adsorption capacity of natural substances, and the introduced lysine can provide nutrients and energy for Hermetia illucens. At the same time, under the action of EDC / NHS, carboxymethyl chitosan is grafted to improve its antibacterial ability and adsorb organic substances. Sodium alginate is coated on the outer layer of the shell powder, so that the adsorbed substances have a slow-release property, extend the antibacterial performance, and inhibit the growth of germs for a long time. In addition, it can also extend the deodorization effect and improve the survival rate of Hermetia illucens. In addition, the shell powder has colonization on the microbial preparation, maximizing the excellent performance of the microbial preparation and further reducing the morbidity of Hermetia illucens. Finally, the nano-sized particle size (50 nm) of the modified shell powder gives it good permeability and adhesion, forms a microenvironment on the surface of the insect intestine and feed, enhances the microbial colonization rate and stabilizes the microbial community structure.

[0019] The present invention also discloses a preparation method of a Hermetia illucens breeding feed.

[0020] A preparation method of a black soldier fly breeding feed, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing natural substances, kitchen waste, and waste substances, adding modified shell powder, treating at 50-60°C for 1-2 h, then adding a microbial preparation and mixing uniformly, and drying to obtain the black soldier fly breeding feed.

[0021] Advantages of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the present application realizes the coordinated unity of the four goals of nutrition - antibacterial - deodorization - environmental stability for the first time by using shell powder treated by special modification in combination with natural plant extracts and compound probiotics. It not only effectively inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli, but also can long-term improve the corruption problems caused by the humidity and ventilation conditions of the breeding environment. As a composite functional carrier, the modified shell powder uses its porous structure to provide a platform for probiotic attachment and stable release, combined with the continuous action of natural active substances, systematically improving the survival rate and resource conversion efficiency of black soldier flies, and having good innovation and practicality. Specific embodiments

[0022] In the ranges disclosed in the present invention, the endpoints and any values are not limited to the exact ranges or values, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, between the endpoint values of each range, between the endpoint values of each range and individual point values, and between individual point values, they can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, and these numerical ranges should be regarded as specifically disclosed in the present invention.

[0023] Introduction to some raw materials used in the embodiments of the present invention: The kitchen waste used in the embodiment is obtained by sorting - slag removal - sand removal of kitchen waste to obtain pretreated kitchen waste, followed by filtration, pulverization, and drying, with an organic particle size ≤ 2 mm.

[0024] The particle size of the shell powder in the embodiment is 50 nm; Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum, preservation number: CGMCC1.12974, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0025] Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, preservation number: CGMCC1.821, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0026] Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Longum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Longum, preservation number: CGMCC1.5014, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0027] In the example, the preparation method of the Echinacea purpurea extract is as follows: Add 2 kg of Echinacea purpurea to 18 kg of an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 30%, adjust the pH to 12 with Ca(OH)2, soak for 1 hour, and reflux extract 3 times, 2 hours each time. Combine the extractive solutions, filter, and combine the filtrates to obtain an ethanol extract. Add the above filter residue to 25 kg of a 1 wt% lysozyme aqueous solution, soak at 37 °C for 12 hours, filter, discard the filter residue, combine the filtrate with the above ethanol extract, adjust the pH value to 4.7 with hydrochloric acid, stand for 3 hours, filter, and recover the filtrate under reduced pressure until there is no alcohol smell and concentrate it to a density of 1.15 g / mL to obtain the Echinacea purpurea extract. Among them, the lysozyme, product number: L796887, is purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd.; In the example, the preparation method of the garlic extract is as follows: First, crush the garlic into mashed garlic, then add 2 kg of mashed garlic to 18 kg of an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 40%, soak for 1 hour, and reflux extract 3 times, 2 hours each time. Combine the extractive solutions, filter, and combine the filtrates to obtain an ethanol extract. Add the above filter residue to 25 kg of a 1 wt% lysozyme aqueous solution, soak at 37 °C for 12 hours, filter, discard the filter residue, combine the filtrate with the above ethanol extract, filter, and recover the filtrate under reduced pressure until there is no alcohol smell and concentrate it to a density of 1.12 g / mL to obtain the garlic extract. Among them, the lysozyme, product number: L796887, is purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd.; In the example, the preparation method of the yucca extract is as follows: Add 2 kg of yucca to 18 kg of an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 40%, soak for 1 hour, and reflux extract 3 times, 2 hours each time. Combine the extractive solutions, filter, and combine the filtrates to obtain an ethanol extract. Add the above filter residue to 25 kg of a 1 wt% lysozyme aqueous solution, soak at 37 °C for 12 hours, filter, discard the filter residue, combine the filtrate with the above ethanol extract, filter, and recover the filtrate under reduced pressure until there is no alcohol smell and concentrate it to a density of 1.16 g / mL to obtain the yucca extract. Among them, the lysozyme, product number: L796887, is purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd.; Other raw materials not mentioned are common raw materials. The above content is only for helping to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as a strict limitation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can directly purchase from the market or prepare the same / similar raw materials by themselves.

[0028] Next, specific embodiments of the present invention will be combined to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 A black soldier fly breeding feed, comprising the following components: 5 parts by weight of a microbial preparation, 20 parts by weight of kitchen waste, 10 parts by weight of natural substances, 90 parts by weight of waste substances, and 20 parts by weight of shell powder; The microbial preparation is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; The natural substances are composed of echinacea extract, garlic extract, and yucca extract mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:2; The waste substances are composed of corn germ meal and bean curd residue mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; A preparation method of a black soldier fly breeding feed, comprising the following steps: mixing the natural substances, kitchen waste, and waste substances evenly, adding shell powder, treating at 50°C for 1 h, then adding the microbial preparation and mixing evenly, and drying to obtain the black soldier fly breeding feed.

[0030] Example 2 A black soldier fly breeding feed, comprising the following components: 5 parts by weight of a microbial preparation, 20 parts by weight of kitchen waste, 10 parts by weight of natural substances, 90 parts by weight of waste substances, and 20 parts by weight of modified shell powder; The microbial preparation is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; The natural substances are composed of echinacea extract, garlic extract, and yucca extract mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:2; The waste substances are composed of corn germ meal and bean curd residue mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; The preparation method of the modified shell powder: S1 Add 20 parts by weight of shell powder to 100 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L nitric acid, heat to 60°C and treat for 1 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain pretreated shell powder; S2 Add the above pretreated shell powder and 6 parts by weight of amino microcrystalline cellulose to 100 parts by weight of water, then add 4 parts by weight of citric acid, heat to 65°C and treat for 2 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain microcrystalline cellulose-treated shell powder; S3 Add the microcrystalline cellulose-treated shell powder to 100 parts by weight of water, then add 7 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 5 parts by weight of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.5 part by weight of EDC, and 0.5 part by weight of NHS, heat to 40°C and react for 20 h. After the reaction ends, cool to room temperature, mix with 50 parts by weight of 2 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution, solidify, wash, and dry to obtain modified shell powder; The preparation method of the amino microcrystalline cellulose is as follows: Add 1 part by weight of lysine, 0.2 part by weight of EDC, 0.2 part by weight of NHS, and 5 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose into 50 parts by weight of 0.1 mol / L phosphate buffer solution with pH = 6.5, mix evenly, treat at room temperature for 24 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain the amino microcrystalline cellulose.

[0031] A preparation method of a black soldier fly breeding feed includes the following steps: Mix natural substances, kitchen waste, and waste substances evenly, add modified shell powder, treat at 50 °C for 1 h, then add a microbial agent and mix evenly, and dry to obtain the black soldier fly breeding feed.

[0032] Example 3 A black soldier fly breeding feed includes the following components: 5 parts by weight of a microbial agent, 20 parts by weight of kitchen waste, 10 parts by weight of natural substances, 90 parts by weight of waste substances, and 20 parts by weight of modified shell powder; The microbial agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; The natural substances are composed of echinacea extract, garlic extract, and yucca extract mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:2; The waste substances are composed of corn germ meal and bean curd residue mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; The preparation method of the modified shell powder: Add 20 parts by weight of shell powder into 100 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L nitric acid, heat to 60 °C and treat for 1 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain the modified shell powder.

[0033] A preparation method of a black soldier fly breeding feed includes the following steps: Mix natural substances, kitchen waste, and waste substances evenly, add modified shell powder, treat at 50 °C for 1 h, then add a microbial agent and mix evenly, and dry to obtain the black soldier fly breeding feed.

[0034] Example 4 A black soldier fly breeding feed includes the following components: 5 parts by weight of a microbial agent, 20 parts by weight of kitchen waste, 10 parts by weight of natural substances, 90 parts by weight of waste substances, and 20 parts by weight of modified shell powder; The microbial agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; The natural substances are composed of echinacea extract, garlic extract, and yucca extract mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:2; The waste substances are composed of corn germ meal and bean curd residue mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; The preparation method of the modified shell powder: S1 Add 20 parts by weight of shell powder to 100 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L nitric acid, heat to 60 °C and treat for 1 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain pretreated shell powder; S2 Add the above pretreated shell powder and 6 parts by weight of amino microcrystalline cellulose to 100 parts by weight of water, then add 4 parts by weight of citric acid, heat to 65 °C and treat for 2 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain modified shell powder; The preparation method of the amino microcrystalline cellulose is as follows: Add 1 part by weight of lysine, 0.2 part by weight of EDC, 0.2 part by weight of NHS, and 5 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose to 50 parts by weight of 0.1 mol / L phosphate buffer solution with pH = 6.5, mix evenly, treat at room temperature for 24 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain amino microcrystalline cellulose.

[0035] A preparation method of black soldier fly breeding feed includes the following steps: Mix natural substances, kitchen waste, and waste substances evenly, add modified shell powder, treat at 50 °C for 1 h, then add a microbial preparation and mix evenly, and dry to obtain black soldier fly breeding feed.

[0036] Example 5 A black soldier fly breeding feed includes the following components: 5 parts by weight of microbial preparation, 20 parts by weight of kitchen waste, 10 parts by weight of natural substances, 90 parts by weight of waste substances, 20 parts by weight of modified shell powder; The microbial preparation is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; The natural substances are composed of echinacea extract, garlic extract, and yucca extract in a mass ratio of 2:1:2; The waste substances are composed of corn germ meal and bean curd residue in a mass ratio of 1:1; The preparation method of the modified shell powder: S1 Add 20 parts by weight of shell powder to 100 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L nitric acid, heat to 60 °C and treat for 1 h. After the reaction ends, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain pretreated shell powder; S2 Add the above pretreated shell powder to 100 parts by weight of water, then add 7 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 5 parts by weight of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.5 part by weight of EDC, and 0.5 part by weight of NHS, heat to 40 °C and react for 20 h. After the reaction ends, cool to room temperature, mix with 50 parts by weight of 2 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution, solidify, wash, and dry to obtain modified shell powder; A preparation method of black soldier fly breeding feed includes the following steps: Mix natural substances, kitchen waste, and waste substances evenly, add modified shell powder, treat at 50 °C for 1 h, then add a microbial preparation and mix evenly, and dry to obtain black soldier fly breeding feed.

[0037] Example 6 A black soldier fly breeding feed, comprising the following components: 5 parts by weight of microbial preparation, 20 parts by weight of kitchen waste, 10 parts by weight of natural substance, 90 parts by weight of waste substance, 20 parts by weight of modified shell powder; The microbial preparation is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; The natural substance is composed of Echinacea purpurea extract, garlic extract, and yucca extract mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:2; The waste substance is composed of corn germ meal and bean curd residue mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; The preparation method of the modified shell powder: S1 Add 20 parts by weight of shell powder to 100 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L nitric acid, heat to 60 °C and treat for 1 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain pretreated shell powder; S2 Add the above pretreated shell powder and 6 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose to 100 parts by weight of water, then add 4 parts by weight of citric acid, heat to 65 °C and treat for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain microcrystalline cellulose-treated shell powder; S3 Add the microcrystalline cellulose-treated shell powder to 100 parts by weight of water, then add 7 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 5 parts by weight of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.5 part by weight of EDC, and 0.5 part by weight of NHS, heat to 40 °C and react for 20 h. After the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature, mix with 50 parts by weight of 2 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution, solidify, wash, and dry to obtain modified shell powder.

[0038] A preparation method of a black soldier fly breeding feed, comprising the following steps: Mix the natural substance, kitchen waste, and waste substance evenly, add the modified shell powder, treat at 50 °C for 1 h, then add the microbial preparation and mix evenly, and dry to obtain the black soldier fly breeding feed.

[0039] Test Example 1 Adjust the moisture content of the feed prepared in the example to about 65%, spread it flat in a breeding container, and control the thickness at 10 cm; Based on the weight of the black soldier fly breeding feed, sprinkle 6-day-old black soldier fly larvae on the surface at a ratio of 6 g / kg of the black soldier fly breeding feed, and let the larvae freely enter the mixed fermentation material to feed. Control the breeding environment temperature at 28 °C and the breeding environment humidity at 70%, and collect the insects when 5% of the larvae become prepupae.

[0040] Table 1 Test results of black soldier fly yield

[0041] As can be seen from Table 1, by comparing Example 1 and Example 2, it can be seen that all other components are the same. Only in Example 2, modified shell powder is used, while in Example 1, unmodified shell powder is used. Among them, the yield is increased from 108.1 kg to 178.2 kg, and the increase amplitude is significant, indicating that the modified shell powder has a significant effect on improving the growth performance of black soldier flies. This modified shell powder undergoes multi-step chemical treatment, which not only improves its physical structure and porosity, but also enhances its synergistic effect with microorganisms and natural active substances in the feed, thereby more effectively inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, adsorbing harmful gases, and creating a more suitable growth environment.

[0042] Examples 2-6 all use modified shell powder, but there are differences in the modification methods, indicating that the composition regulation of the modified shell powder can significantly increase the yield by enhancing nutrient slow-release properties, improving antibacterial and deodorizing abilities, and regulating the feed microenvironment.

[0043] The present invention uses microbial agents, kitchen waste, natural substances, and waste substances, and has a good nutritional structure and microecological regulation function. Especially the combination of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bifidobacterium longum in the microbial agent, acting together with Echinacea, garlic, and yucca extract in the natural substances, can construct a dominant community of beneficial bacteria, improving disease resistance and digestibility. By introducing modified shell powder, on the premise of ensuring the stability of the basic nutritional components of the feed, the aquaculture yield of black soldier flies has been significantly increased. The key lies in the functional synergy among multiple components and the regulation of the microecological environment, realizing the potential for efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable application of the feed, and providing high-quality technical support for the efficient aquaculture of black soldier flies.

[0044] Test Example 2 Test conditions: temperature 20±2°C, relative humidity 50±10%; Test samples: the feed prepared in the examples; Test method: Two sealed glass test chambers with a volume of 1 m³ and a thickness of 8-10 mm. The inner wall size of the test chamber is 1250 mm (length) × 800 mm (width) × 1000 mm (height). An air sampling port is provided at the center of the side wall of the test chamber. A fan with a power of 15 w is placed at a position opposite to the air sampling port inside the test chamber to evenly distribute the air in the chamber. Along the length direction of the test chamber, a stainless-steel sample rack is placed 300 mm above the bottom of the chamber. The test sample is spread flat on the sample rack to form a layer of black soldier fly breeding feed with a thickness of 6 cm. Then, a certain amount of ammonia gas is filled into the test chamber through the air sampling port, and after acting for a certain period of time, the change in ammonia gas concentration in the test chamber is measured.

[0045] Table 2 Deodorization effect

[0046] As can be seen from Table 2, in Example 1, ordinary unmodified shell powder was used, and its ammonia reduction rate was only 78.48%. In Example 2, modified shell powder was used, and the ammonia reduction rate was as high as 95.81%.

[0047] The modified shell powder used in Example 2 is a composite structural material with a high specific surface area, a high functional group density, and good adsorption performance. This modified shell powder has significant advantages in adsorbing ammonia molecules. In particular, the amino and carboxyl groups introduced on its surface can capture ammonia molecules through electrostatic interaction or hydrogen bonding, improving the selectivity and capacity of adsorption, and thus significantly enhancing the deodorization effect of the feed system. In Example 3, the shell powder was simply treated with nitric acid, which could slightly increase the pore structure but did not introduce any functional groups. Its ammonia reduction rate was only 80.09%, showing a slight improvement compared to unmodified Example 1, indicating that the effect of simple physical structure modification is limited. Examples 4 and 5 used different modified shell powders respectively. In Example 4, amino microcrystalline cellulose was grafted with citric acid to increase the types and densities of surface active groups, showing an ammonia reduction rate of 91.37%. In Example 5, amino microcrystalline cellulose was not used, but chitosan, sodium alginate, and EDC / NHS were used to form a gel coating structure, and the reduction rate also reached 88.64%. This shows that both the increase in surface functional groups and the construction of the gel network can enhance the adsorption capacity of ammonia to a certain extent. In Example 6, microcrystalline cellulose and subsequent gel cross-linking structures were introduced during the preparation process. Although no amination modification was used, an ammonia reduction rate of 93.25% was still achieved, indicating that the structural support and network coating itself make good contributions to gas adsorption.

[0048] In summary, the deodorization function of the modified shell powder not only improves the quality of the breeding environment, reduces the poisoning and inhibition effect of ammonia on black soldier flies, but also indirectly improves the palatability of the feed and the feeding enthusiasm, thus forming a closed-loop synergy effect with the increase in production. At the same time, the shell powder itself is rich in calcium, which can also adjust the pH in the breeding system and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, further enhancing the stability of the overall microecosystem.

[0049] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make many modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative work. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A black soldier fly breeding feed, characterized in that: It includes microbial agents, kitchen waste, natural substances, pomace substances, and modified shell powder; The modified shell powder is prepared from acid-treated shell powder.

2. The black soldier fly breeding feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent is at least one of Bifidobacterium longum, Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Clostridium butyricum, Candida utilis, Bacillus natto, and Lactobacillus.

3. The black soldier fly breeding feed according to claim 1, wherein: The kitchen waste is obtained by sorting - removing slag - removing sand from kitchen waste to get pretreated kitchen waste, and then filtering, pulverizing, and drying it, with the organic particle size ≤ 2 mm.

4. The black soldier fly breeding feed according to claim 1, wherein: The natural substance is at least one of Echinacea purpurea extract, garlic extract, and yucca extract.

5. The black soldier fly breeding feed according to claim 1, wherein: The waste substance is at least one of pomace substances and tofu residue substances.

6. The black soldier fly breeding feed according to claim 5, wherein: The pomace substance is at least one of corn germ meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and rice bran meal.

7. The black soldier fly breeding feed according to claim 1, wherein: The particle size of the shell powder is 50 nm.

8. A method for preparing the black soldier fly breeding feed according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Mix the natural substance, kitchen waste, and waste substance evenly, add the modified shell powder, treat at 50 - 60 °C for 1 - 2 h, then add the microbial agent and mix evenly, and dry to obtain the black soldier fly breeding feed.

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