Carbon dioxide adsorption device, method and system based on calcium-based granular material

Abstract

According to the carbon dioxide adsorption device, method and system based on the calcium-based granular material, the adsorption device is sequentially communicated with a conveying branch and input branches from bottom to top through a spiral reaction channel, and the temperature in the channel is regulated and controlled through mixing of heated flue gas and raw flue gas; the flue gas is guided to drive the calcium-based particle material to spirally move upwards along the channel, so that the calcium-based particle material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas at the preset adsorption temperature in the moving process; the blanking channel guides the calcium-based particle material and the flue gas to flow to the material storage area from top to bottom; and the smoke exhaust pipeline guides the decarbonized smoke to flow from bottom to top and prevents the calcium-based particle materials from falling into the material storage area below. According to the invention, through the uniquely designed input branch, the heating flue gas, the calcium-based particle material and the raw flue gas are input as required, the temperature in the channel is ingeniously regulated and controlled by mixing the heating flue gas and the raw flue gas in the spiral reaction channel, carbon dioxide is fully captured, the adsorption efficiency is high, and the adsorption effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of carbon capture, and more particularly, to a carbon dioxide adsorption device, method, and system based on calcium-based particulate materials. Background Art

[0002] Carbon dioxide is one of the main components of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Carbon capture and storage technology (CCS technology) refers to a technology that captures and separates carbon dioxide from relevant centralized emission combustion sources and stores it using various methods to avoid its emission into the atmosphere, which is one of the most effective technical paths to address climate change.

[0003] Among many carbon dioxide adsorption methods, the adsorption technology based on calcium-based particulate materials has attracted much attention due to its relatively low cost and large adsorption capacity. However, traditional carbon dioxide adsorption devices have many problems in practical applications. On the one hand, it is difficult to accurately control the reaction temperature, resulting in the calcium-based particulate materials not being able to work at the optimal adsorption temperature, thus reducing the adsorption efficiency. On the other hand, the gas-solid contact method is not ideal, making the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate materials unable to fully contact. This not only makes the heat transfer effect not ideal, is not conducive to the diffusion of adsorption heat and causes local overheating, but also affects the mass transfer and diffusion of carbon dioxide, and thus the adsorption efficiency is low. At the same time, the device structure is complex, increasing the equipment cost and maintenance difficulty, which limits its large-scale popularization and application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the problems existing in the prior art, this application provides a carbon dioxide adsorption device, method, and system based on calcium-based particulate materials to achieve carbon dioxide capture based on calcium-based particulate materials.

[0005] The specific solutions are as follows:

[0006] In the first part, this application proposes a carbon dioxide adsorption device based on calcium-based particulate materials, including a storage tank, a flue gas discharge pipe, a housing, and an input shunt; the input shunt includes a conveying branch for inputting heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate materials and multiple input branches for inputting raw flue gas; the housing covers the storage tank and includes a top shell and an outer shell extending downward from the top shell;

[0007] The flue gas discharge pipe penetrates the top shell from top to bottom and extends into the storage tank. The storage tank is divided into a falling material area and a storage area from top to bottom with the end of the flue gas discharge pipe as the boundary; a falling material channel is formed between the outer side wall of the flue gas discharge pipe and the inner side wall of the storage tank in the falling material area;

[0008] The outer shell surrounds the outer side wall of the storage tank at intervals, and a spiral reaction channel that spirally surrounds the storage tank from bottom to top is formed between its inner side wall and the outer side wall of the storage tank;

[0009] The spiral reaction channel is connected to the conveying branch and each input branch in sequence from bottom to top, and is used to regulate the temperature in the channel by mixing the heated flue gas and the raw flue gas, and guide the flue gas to drive the calcium-based granular material to travel spirally upward along the channel, so that the calcium-based granular material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas at a preset adsorption temperature during the traveling process;

[0010] The blanking channel is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel and is used to guide the calcium-based granular material and the flue gas to flow downward to the storage area; the exhaust pipe is connected to the storage area and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to flow upward and block the calcium-based granular material so that it falls into the storage area below.

[0011] In some specific embodiments, the top shell is spaced above the storage tank and forms a buffer area surrounding the exhaust pipe above the storage tank together with the outer shell;

[0012] The buffer area is respectively connected to the spiral reaction channel and the blanking channel, so that the traveling trend of the flue gas and the calcium-based granular material is changed from spiral upward to vertical downward.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, a blocking component is arranged inside the exhaust pipe, and the blocking component includes a plurality of blocking parts distributed in layers, and the blocking parts cooperate with each other to divide a plurality of exhaust paths inside the exhaust pipe and guide the flue gas to travel upward in a zigzag manner.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, the projections of at least some of the blocking parts on a preset plane overlap to cover the projection of the exhaust pipe on the preset plane.

[0015] In some specific embodiments, the spiral reaction channel includes m circles of reaction channels spirally coiled from bottom to top, and the end point of the nth circle of reaction channel is the starting point of the (n + 1)th circle of reaction channel; the reaction channel of the first circle is connected to the conveying branch, the reaction channel of the mth circle is connected to the blanking channel, and at least part of the reaction channels from the second circle to the (m - 2)th circle are connected to the input branch;

[0016] Wherein, n is an integer not less than 1, and m is an integer not less than 4.

[0017] In some specific embodiments, the distance between the inner side wall of the outer shell and the outer side wall of the storage tank gradually increases from bottom to top, so that the channel size of the spiral reaction channel gradually increases from bottom to top.

[0018] In some specific embodiments, a heating component is further arranged in the exhaust pipe, and the heating component is used to heat by using the heat released during the process of the calcium-based granular material adsorbing carbon dioxide;

[0019] The heating component is located above the blocking component; or, the heating component and the blocking component are arranged in an interleaved manner; or, the heating component serves as the blocking component.

[0020] In some specific embodiments, the inner sidewall of the outer shell is inclined outward from bottom to top relative to the outer sidewall of the storage tank by 5 - 10°.

[0021] Second part, the present application proposes a control method for a carbon dioxide adsorption device, which is characterized in that it is used to control the carbon dioxide adsorption device described in any one of the first part; the control method includes:

[0022] Convey the heated flue gas and calcium - based particulate material to the spiral reaction channel through a conveying branch; at a preset desorption temperature, the calcium - based particulate material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas and releases heat.

[0023] Select an input branch to input the raw flue gas into the spiral reaction channel according to the temperature in the channel, and use the input of the raw flue gas to regulate the temperature in the channel to always maintain at the preset desorption temperature.

[0024] The flue gas drives the calcium - based particulate material to spiral upward in the spiral reaction channel until it reaches the top of the spiral reaction channel and then enters the blanking channel, and travels downward under the guidance of the blanking channel. During the traveling process, the calcium - based particulate material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity.

[0025] The flue gas then enters the exhaust pipe from the storage tank, travels upward under the guidance of the exhaust pipe. During the traveling process, the calcium - based particulate material in the flue gas is blocked and falls into the storage tank, and the flue gas is then output along the exhaust pipe.

[0026] Third part, the present application proposes a carbon dioxide capture system, including a collection device, a desorption device, and the carbon dioxide adsorption device described in any one of the first part;

[0027] The carbon dioxide adsorption device is used to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas;

[0028] The desorption device is connected to the carbon dioxide adsorption device and is used to desorb the calcium - based particulate material adsorbed with carbon dioxide to obtain carbon dioxide;

[0029] The collection device is connected to the desorption device and is used to process and store carbon dioxide.

[0030] Beneficial effects: This application proposes a carbon dioxide adsorption device, method and system based on calcium-based granular materials, which absorbs carbon dioxide in flue gas through calcium-based granular materials, fully captures carbon dioxide, and has high adsorption efficiency and good adsorption effect. Through the uniquely designed input branch, the heated flue gas, calcium-based granular materials and original flue gas can be input on demand, and the temperature in the channel is cleverly controlled by mixing the heated flue gas and the original flue gas in the spiral reaction channel to ensure that the calcium-based granular material is always at the preset adsorption temperature, greatly improving the adsorption efficiency. The spiral reaction channel guides the flue gas to drive the calcium-based granular material to spiral upward, greatly increasing the gas-solid contact area and time, making the carbon dioxide adsorption more sufficient. The blanking channel is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel, and the exhaust pipe reasonably guides the decarbonized flue gas and calcium-based granular materials, which optimizes the material circulation and gas flow path, and ensures the stable operation of the device. In addition, the overall structural design is relatively simple, which reduces the equipment cost and maintenance difficulty, and provides the possibility for large-scale application.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are specifically cited below and described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide adsorption device of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the regional division of the storage tank of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pipelines in each channel of this application;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adsorption device containing a heating component of the present application;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the flow of flue gas and adsorbent in the adsorption device of the present application;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the control method of the present application.

[0039] Reference numerals: 1 - input branch; 2 - conveying branch; 3 - housing; 4 - storage tank; 5 - smoke exhaust pipe; 6 - blanking channel; 7 - spiral reaction channel; 31 - top shell; 32 - outer shell; 51 - blocking assembly; 52 - heating assembly; A1 - blanking area; A2 - storage area; B1 - buffer area. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0041] The present application proposes a carbon dioxide adsorption device, method and system based on calcium-based particulate materials, which absorb carbon dioxide in flue gas through calcium-based particulate materials, with high adsorption efficiency and good adsorption effect. The structure of the adsorption device is specifically referred to in the attached Figure 1 , the regional division of the storage tank is as shown in the attached Figure 2 as shown, the distribution of each channel pipe is as shown in the attached Figure 3 as shown, the adsorption device containing the heating assembly is as shown in the attached Figure 4 as shown, the flow of flue gas and adsorbent in the adsorption device is as shown in the attached Figure 5 as shown. The solution is as follows:

[0042] A carbon dioxide adsorption device based on calcium-based particulate materials, including a storage tank 4, a smoke exhaust pipe 5, a housing 3 and an input shunt. Among them, the input shunt includes a conveying branch 2 for inputting heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate materials and a plurality of input branches 1 for inputting raw flue gas. The housing 3 covers the storage tank 4, including a top shell 31 and an outer shell 32 extending downward from the top shell 31, specifically as shown in the attached Figure 1 as shown; the smoke exhaust pipe 5 penetrates the top shell 31 from top to bottom and extends into the storage tank 4. Taking the end of the smoke exhaust pipe 5 as the boundary, the storage tank 4 is divided into a blanking area and a storage area from top to bottom. The blanking area is as shown in A1 in the attached Figure 2 , and the storage area is as shown in A2 in the attached Figure 2 as shown; a blanking channel 6 is formed between the outer side wall of the smoke exhaust pipe 5 and the inner side wall of the storage tank 4 in the blanking area; the outer shell 32 is spaced around the outer side wall of the storage tank 4, and a spiral reaction channel 7 that spirally surrounds the storage tank 4 from bottom to top is formed between its inner side wall and the outer side wall of the storage tank 4; the relationship among the spiral reaction channel 7, the blanking channel 6 and the smoke exhaust pipe 5 is as shown in the attached Figure 3As shown in the figure. The spiral reaction channel 7 is connected to the conveying branch 2 and each input branch 1 in sequence from bottom to top, and is used to regulate the temperature in the channel by using the mixture of heated flue gas and raw flue gas, guiding the flue gas to drive the calcium-based granular material to travel spirally upward along the channel, so that the calcium-based granular material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas at a preset adsorption temperature during the traveling process; the blanking channel 6 is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel 7 and is used to guide the calcium-based granular material and the flue gas to flow downward to the storage area; the exhaust pipe 5 is connected to the storage area and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to flow upward, and block the calcium-based granular material to make it fall into the storage area below. Attached Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the flow of calcium-based granular material and flue gas.

[0043] In this application, calcium-based granular material is used as an adsorbent. The calcium-based granular material is a granular substance mainly composed of calcium elements, generally mainly composed of calcium compounds such as calcium carbonate and calcium oxide, and sometimes may also contain a small amount of impurities such as magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide. The calcium-based granular material has good adsorption capacity for acidic gases such as carbon dioxide. Among them, calcium oxide can chemically react with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, thereby realizing the capture and fixation of carbon dioxide. It has good thermal stability within a certain temperature range. For example, calcium carbonate will decompose into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperatures, but under appropriate temperature conditions, the calcium-based granular material can maintain a stable structure and performance to meet the requirements of different process processes.

[0044] The spiral reaction channel 7 uses the raw flue gas to regulate the temperature, so that the calcium-based granular material adsorbs carbon dioxide at a preset adsorption temperature, and the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material to travel spirally upward along the channel. When reaching the top of the spiral reaction channel 7, since the blanking channel 6 is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel 7, the calcium-based particles enter the top of the storage area with the airflow from the blanking channel. Since the airflow velocity in this area decreases, the larger calcium-based particles start to settle and fall into the storage area after reaching the settling velocity; the fine particles continue to be discharged from the exhaust pipe with the decarbonized flue gas. The exhaust pipe 5 extends into the storage tank 4, and a blanking area and a storage area are formed below its end. In the storage area, the exhaust pipe 5 also uses its own structure and airflow action to guide the decarbonized flue gas to flow upward, while blocking the calcium-based granular material, so that it falls into the storage area below due to gravity, realizing gas-solid separation.

[0045] In this application, the input shunt is connected to the flue gas source and is responsible for inputting flue gas. The conveying branch 2 conveys the heated flue gas, while the input branch 1 conveys the raw flue gas in the flue gas source. And the temperature of the heated flue gas conveyed by the conveying branch 2 is not lower than the preset adsorption temperature. Both the heated flue gas and the raw flue gas are the flue gas to be adsorbed, and the input of the raw flue gas can effectively control the temperature in the spiral reaction channel 7. The calcium-based granular material acts as an adsorbent to adsorb carbon dioxide from the flue gas.

[0046] In practical applications, the adsorption temperature is 600°C, so heating is required to provide this condition. However, the adsorption reaction is an exothermic reaction. If all the flue gas is heated to 600°C, as the adsorption proceeds with heat release, the flue gas will be heated and may reach the desorption temperature (800 - 900°C). Therefore, cooling is needed to remove the heat generated during the adsorption process to maintain the adsorption within the optimal temperature range.

[0047] To avoid the investment in cooling, only a part of the flue gas (such as 20 - 30%) is heated to 600°C or above in this application. Carbon dioxide in this part of the flue gas is adsorbed, releasing heat and causing the temperature of the flue gas to rise. At this time, introducing a part of the original flue gas (50°C, such as 20%) can control the flue gas temperature within 600 - 650°C. At the same time, the original flue gas provides new carbon dioxide, and the adsorption reaction can proceed further. With further adsorption, the existing 50% of the original flue gas is heated up again. At this time, adding some more original flue gas can lower the temperature while providing new carbon dioxide. In practical applications, temperature measurement points are set in the spiral reaction channel 7. The proportion of the flue gas can be accurately controlled through the temperature measurement points and the control program. The more temperature measurement points and the more input branches 1 of the flue gas, the more uniform the reaction temperature field, realizing the refined control of the reaction temperature field and ensuring the temperature uniformity throughout the spiral reaction channel 7.

[0048] In this application, by utilizing the self-heat release characteristic of the adsorption reaction, the temperature in the spiral reaction channel 7 is cleverly regulated by inputting the original flue gas (50), stabilizing it within the optimal adsorption temperature range of 600 - 650°C, eliminating the investment in traditional cooling equipment, greatly reducing the energy consumption cost, and achieving the efficient utilization of energy. The input of the original flue gas not only plays a role in regulating the temperature but also continuously provides a new carbon dioxide gas source for the adsorption reaction, enabling the adsorption reaction to proceed continuously and efficiently. Compared with those adsorption devices that rely only on a single gas source and cannot effectively control the temperature, the adsorption efficiency of this application is greatly improved. By continuously supplementing new carbon dioxide, the calcium-based granular material can fully exert its adsorption performance, significantly increasing the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed per unit time, thereby improving the working efficiency of the entire device, being able to process more flue gas in the same time, and achieving a higher carbon dioxide capture amount.

[0049] Among them, the structure of the storage tank 4 is as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 In this application, the storage area in the storage tank 4 is mainly used to store the calcium-based granular material adsorbed with carbon dioxide, and the feeding area guides the flue gas and the calcium-based granular material adsorbed with carbon dioxide to travel along the correct path. The feeding channel 6, the spiral reaction channel 7, and the exhaust pipe 5 are all designed based on the structure of the storage tank 4. Preferably, the storage tank 4 is cylindrical, and a valve for material output can be set at the end of the storage area and connected to the desorption device.

[0050] The housing 3 is like a cover covering the storage tank 4. The opening of the storage tank 4 faces upward, and the opening of the housing 3 faces downward. The gap between the storage tank 4 and the housing 3 forms the traveling path of the flue gas. In this application, the housing 3 includes a top shell 31 and an outer shell 32 extending downward from the top shell 31; the top shell 31 and the outer shell 32 are as shown in the attached Figure 1 figure. The top shell 31 is located above the storage tank 4 and there is a gap between it and the storage tank 4, which facilitates the entry of flue gas and materials into the storage tank 4. The outer shell 32 is formed by extending downward from the top shell 31, wraps around the storage tank 4, and is also spaced from the outer sidewall of the storage tank 4, which facilitates the reaction of flue gas and adsorbent in the channel.

[0051] In this application, the spiral reaction channel 7 is formed between the outer sidewall of the storage tank 4 and the inner sidewall of the outer shell 32. The space inside the spiral reaction channel 7 is arranged in a spiral upward manner and there is one channel. The starting point of the channel of the spiral reaction channel 7 is at the bottom and is connected to the conveying branch 2. The heated flue gas and calcium-based granular materials enter the spiral reaction channel 7 from the conveying branch 2 and will undergo an adsorption reaction when at the adsorption temperature. In some embodiments, a certain amount of calcium-based granular materials can be pre-stored inside the spiral reaction channel 7 and adsorbed together with the calcium-based granular materials conveyed by the conveying branch 2.

[0052] In some specific embodiments, the spiral reaction channel 7 includes m circles of reaction channels spirally wound from bottom to top. The end point of the nth circle of reaction channels is the starting point of the (n + 1)th circle of reaction channels; the reaction channel of the first circle is connected to the conveying branch 2, the reaction channel of the mth circle is connected to the blanking channel 6, and at least part of the reaction channels from the second circle to the (m - 2)th circle are connected to the input branch 1; where n is an integer not less than 1 and m is an integer not less than 4. In the attached figure, the spiral reaction channel 7 is like a spring, one circle after another, and the starting point of each circle is the end point of the previous circle, and the end point of each circle is the starting point of the next circle. Each circle is defined as a reaction channel, and the lowermost one is the first circle of reaction channels. The reaction channel of the first circle is connected to the conveying branch 2, and the heated flue gas and calcium-based granular materials enter the spiral reaction channel 7 from here. The more circles the reaction channel has, the longer the contact time between the flue gas and the calcium-based granular materials, and the more flue gas can be adsorbed. It is stipulated that the number of circles of the reaction channels of the spiral reaction channel 7 is not less than 4, which not only leaves enough connection points for the input branch 1 but also can ensure the adsorption duration and adsorption effect. In practical applications, it can be set that the reaction channels of the first few circles are connected to the input branch 1 to leave enough time for the contact between the flue gas and the calcium-based granular materials, facilitating the reaction between the two in the reaction channels of the subsequent circles. For example, the spiral reaction channel 7 includes 6 circles of reaction channels spirally wound from bottom to top, and multiple input branches 1 can be connected in the second to fourth circles to facilitate the adsorption reaction in the fifth to sixth circles of reaction channels.

[0053] In practical applications, the shape of the outer shell 32 can be adjusted according to the shape of the storage tank 4. For example, if the side wall of the storage tank 4 is cylindrical, the outer shell 32 can be cylindrical or frustum-shaped. In some specific embodiments, the distance between the inner side wall of the outer shell 32 and the outer side wall of the storage tank 4 gradually increases from bottom to top, so that the channel size of the spiral reaction channel 7 gradually increases from bottom to top.

[0054] In the spiral reaction channel 7, the adsorption reaction is a dynamic process. As the reaction progresses, the raw flue gas is continuously input at multiple positions in the spiral reaction channel 7, and the volume of the gas continuously increases during the upward movement. As the height increases, the space between the outer shell 32 and the storage tank 4 gradually increases, providing more space for possible thermal expansion, gas flow, or buffering of materials, and reducing problems such as pressure accumulation or material blockage caused by space limitations. The gradually increasing channel can provide more space for the gas, avoiding excessive gas pressure due to insufficient space and ensuring the smooth progress of the reaction. As the reaction progresses, the gas temperature gradually rises and the required flow channel for expansion also increases. When reaching the next input branch point, the input low-temperature raw flue gas cools the gas, but the required flow channel for the increasing total gas volume also needs to increase, and the gradually increasing channel from bottom to top can ensure that the gas flow velocity is within a reasonable set range throughout the reaction process. In addition, the setting of the spiral channel ensures a longer reaction contact time under the condition of the same equipment volume; the special design of the channel combined with the input branch of the flue gas can ensure good fluidization characteristics of the flue gas and adsorbent particles, ensuring better mass transfer and heat transfer characteristics. Since the calcium-based unit has a large adsorption capacity and a large heat release, good heat transfer helps to evenly distribute the temperature in the reaction space and avoid local overheating; the combination of the above measures improves the adsorption efficiency of carbon dioxide. At the initial stage of the reaction, the reaction is intense in the lower part, generating more heat. The smaller channel can make the heat relatively concentrated, maintaining a higher reaction temperature and facilitating the start of the adsorption reaction. As the gas rises, the reaction gradually weakens, but due to the gradually increasing channel, the heat carried by the gas can diffuse in a larger space, avoiding local overheating and helping to control the temperature within the entire reaction channel within a suitable range, preventing the adsorbent from deactivating or desorbing due to excessive temperature.

[0055] Further, in some specific embodiments, the inner sidewall of the outer shell 32 is inclined outward by 5-10° from bottom to top relative to the outer sidewall of the storage tank 4. The inclined design utilizes the gravitational force, enabling some substances that may accumulate (such as large particles) in the space between the storage tank 4 and the outer shell 32 to slide downward naturally along the inclined surface under the action of the component of the gravitational force, thus avoiding accumulation at high positions. Moreover, the inclined space can guide the airflow to form a specific flow path, avoiding airflow disorder and reducing airflow dead zones, thereby improving the ventilation effect of the entire system. In addition, this inclined design facilitates the positioning and adjustment by construction workers during the equipment installation process, ensuring a uniform spacing between the storage tank 4 and the outer shell 32. During equipment maintenance, it is also beneficial for workers to enter this space for inspection, repair, cleaning, and other operations, improving the convenience of maintenance.

[0056] In some specific embodiments, the top shell 31 is spaced above the storage tank 4 and together with the outer shell 32 forms a buffer zone surrounding the exhaust pipe 5 above the storage tank 4; the buffer zone is respectively connected to the spiral reaction channel 7 and the blanking channel 6, so that the advancing trends of the flue gas and the calcium-based granular material are changed from spiral upward to vertically downward. There is a gap between the upper part of the storage tank 4 and the top shell 31, facilitating the flow of the flue gas. The structure of the buffer zone is as shown in B1 in the appendix Figure 1 shown. The buffer zone is actually the connection between the spiral reaction channel 7 and the blanking channel 6. The advancing trend of the flue gas and the material in the spiral reaction channel 7 is spiral upward, and the advancing trend in the blanking channel 6 is from top to bottom. When reaching the buffer zone, due to the spatial structure of the buffer zone and its connection mode with the spiral reaction channel 7 and the blanking channel 6, the original spiral upward movement trend loses the constraint of the spiral channel. Without the constraint of the spiral channel, the gravitational force becomes prominent. Under the action of the gravitational force, the flue gas and the calcium-based granular material naturally move downward to the blanking channel 6, thus realizing the conversion of the advancing trend from spiral upward to vertically downward. This conversion of the advancing trend enables the flue gas and the calcium-based granular material to perform preliminary gas-solid separation in the buffer zone. The calcium-based granular material is more likely to vertically fall into the blanking channel 6 due to the gravitational force, while the flue gas is relatively more likely to diffuse in the space and move towards the exhaust pipe 5, laying a foundation for subsequent more thorough gas-solid separation and their respective treatment processes. At the same time, the buffer zone plays a buffering role, slowing down the flow rates of the flue gas and the calcium-based granular material and making their motion states more stable. This helps to avoid problems such as material splashing and airflow disorder caused by too fast flow rate or sudden change in direction, ensuring the stable operation of the entire adsorption reaction system.

[0057] The flue gas and the material enter the blanking channel 6 via the buffer zone. The smoke exhaust pipe 5 penetrates the top shell 31 from top to bottom and extends into the storage tank 4. Its outer sidewall and the inner sidewall of the storage tank 4 form a specific spatial structure in the blanking area, that is, the blanking channel 6. This structural design provides a clear flow path for the calcium-based particulate material and the flue gas. Due to the limitation of the channel, the calcium-based particulate material and the flue gas can only flow downward along this specific space. On the one hand, the calcium-based particulate material has a natural tendency to fall downward under the action of gravity. On the other hand, the possible pressure difference in the system will also push the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material downward. For example, at the top of the spiral reaction channel 7, as the reaction proceeds, a certain pressure may be formed, while the pressure in the storage area is relatively low. Under the action of the pressure difference, the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material will be pushed towards the storage area with lower pressure, and the blanking channel 6 provides a channel for this flow. During the process of guiding the calcium-based particulate material and the flue gas to flow downward, the blanking channel 6 provides more contact opportunities for the two. This sufficient contact helps to further promote the reaction between gas and solid. For example, carbon dioxide in the flue gas may continue to undergo an adsorption reaction with the calcium-based particulate material, improving the adsorption efficiency of carbon dioxide, so as to better achieve the capture and treatment of carbon dioxide in the flue gas by the system.

[0058] The smoke exhaust pipe 5 penetrates the top shell 31 from top to bottom and extends into the storage tank 4, providing a specific transmission path for the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material. It is connected to the spiral reaction channel 7 and the blanking channel 6 in sequence, enabling the material and the flue gas to flow orderly between different areas of the system and ensuring the continuity of the entire technological process. The smoke exhaust pipe 5 realizes gas-solid separation in the storage area based on the different physical properties of gas and solid particles. The decarbonized flue gas has fluidity and can flow upward in the smoke exhaust pipe 5 from bottom to top. Due to the action of gravity, after the calcium-based particulate material contacts the inner wall of the smoke exhaust pipe 5 or the relevant blocking structure, it will lose the upward power and then fall into the storage area.

[0059] In some specific embodiments, a blocking assembly 51 is provided inside the smoke exhaust pipe 5. The blocking assembly 51 includes a plurality of blocking members distributed in layers. The blocking members cooperate with each other to divide a plurality of smoke exhaust paths inside the smoke exhaust pipe 5 and guide the flue gas to travel upward in a zigzag manner. The blocking assembly 51 is as shown in the appendix Figure 1As shown in the figure. The blocking components define the flow path of the flue gas, so that the flue gas cannot be directly discharged straight upwards, but travels along these tortuous paths. Compared with the straight flow, the travel distance and residence time in the smoke exhaust pipe 5 are greatly increased. When the flue gas encounters the blocking components during the flow process, collisions and reflections will occur. The tortuous flow path makes the solid particles in the flue gas (such as the calcium-based particle materials that may be carried) more likely to collide with the blocking components or the pipe wall under the action of inertia and settle down, thereby achieving more effective gas-solid separation, reducing the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of solid particles with the flue gas, and at the same time avoiding the wear of the subsequent equipment by the particles. The multiple blocking components cooperate with each other to make the flow of the flue gas in the pipe more uniform, avoiding the situation of too high or too low local flow velocity. This helps to improve the stability and reliability of the entire smoke exhaust system and prevent problems such as local corrosion or abnormal pressure of the pipe caused by uneven flue gas flow.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, the projections of at least some of the blocking components on the preset plane overlap to cover the projection of the smoke exhaust pipe 5 on the preset plane. The all-round blocking makes the flow of the flue gas in the smoke exhaust pipe 5 more regular and controllable. By reasonably designing the shape, size and installation position of the blocking components, on the preset plane (usually the plane perpendicular to the smoke exhaust pipe 5), the projections of some of the blocking components overlap with each other to completely cover the projection of the smoke exhaust pipe 5. This can ensure that from the perspective of this preset plane, the flue gas cannot directly pass through the smoke exhaust pipe 5 without passing through the blocking area formed by the blocking components. No matter where the flue gas enters this preset plane from the smoke exhaust pipe 5, it will necessarily encounter the blocking components. This design can make the distribution of the flue gas in the smoke exhaust pipe 5 more uniform, avoiding the situation of too large flue gas flow in some areas and too small flow in some areas. The uniform flue gas distribution is beneficial to improving the efficiency of various treatment measures (such as adsorption, filtration, etc.), making the treatment process in the entire smoke exhaust pipe 5 more balanced and efficient, and thus better achieving the purification and treatment goals of the flue gas.

[0061] In some specific embodiments, a heating component 52 is further arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe 5. The heating component 52 is used to heat by using the heat released during the process of calcium-based particle materials adsorbing carbon dioxide; the heating component 52 is located above the blocking component 51; or, the heating component 52 is arranged in an alternating manner with the blocking component 51; or, the heating component 52 serves as the blocking component 51. The adsorption of carbon dioxide by calcium-based particle materials is an exothermic reaction, and heat will be released during the reaction process. The heating component 52 uses this heat to heat the flue gas or other related substances in the smoke exhaust pipe 5. Located above the blocking component 51, such as attached Figure 5As shown, the flue gas that zigzags upward through the blocking component 51 first passes through the area where the heating component 52 is located during the rising process, and is heated by the adsorption heat of the heating component 52, which can effectively utilize the directionality of heat transfer. The staggered arrangement enables the heating component 52 to be more evenly distributed in the exhaust pipe 5 and cooperate with the blocking component 51. During the process of the flue gas passing through the blocking component 51 in a zigzag upward manner, it will continuously pass through the heating component 52 to achieve uniform heating. The functions of the heating component 52 and the blocking component 51 are combined into one. The heating component 52 can not only utilize the heat generated by the calcium-based granular material adsorbing carbon dioxide for heating, but also, like the blocking component 51, divide multiple exhaust paths in the exhaust pipe 5 to guide the flue gas to travel in a zigzag upward manner. Through a special structural design, while the heating component 52 realizes the heating function, it has the function of blocking and guiding the flue gas, effectively integrating the functional components of the system.

[0062] The present application also provides a control method for a carbon dioxide adsorption device, which is used to control the carbon dioxide adsorption device of any one of the above; the control method flow is as shown in the appendix Figure 6 and specifically includes:

[0063] 101. Transport the heated flue gas and calcium-based granular material to the spiral reaction channel through the conveying branch; at the preset desorption temperature, the calcium-based granular material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas and releases heat;

[0064] 102. Select the input branch to input the raw flue gas into the spiral reaction channel according to the temperature in the channel, and use the input of the raw flue gas to control the temperature in the channel to always maintain at the preset desorption temperature;

[0065] 103. The flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material to spiral upward in the spiral reaction channel until it reaches the top of the spiral reaction channel and then enters the blanking channel, and travels downward under the guidance of the blanking channel. During the traveling process, the calcium-based granular material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity;

[0066] 104. The flue gas then enters the exhaust pipe from the storage tank, travels upward under the guidance of the exhaust pipe, and during the traveling process, the calcium-based granular material in the flue gas is blocked and falls into the storage tank, and the flue gas is output along the exhaust pipe.

[0067] The present application also provides a carbon dioxide capture system, which includes a collection device, a desorption device, and the carbon dioxide adsorption device of any one of the above; the carbon dioxide adsorption device is used to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas; the desorption device is connected to the carbon dioxide adsorption device and is used to desorb the calcium-based granular material adsorbed with carbon dioxide to obtain carbon dioxide; the collection device is connected to the desorption device and is used to process and store carbon dioxide.

[0068] The present application proposes a carbon dioxide adsorption device, method and system based on calcium-based granular materials, which absorbs carbon dioxide in flue gas through calcium-based granular materials, fully captures carbon dioxide, and has high adsorption efficiency and good adsorption effect. Through the uniquely designed input branch, the heated flue gas, calcium-based granular materials and original flue gas are input on demand, and the temperature in the channel is cleverly regulated by mixing the heated flue gas and the original flue gas in the spiral reaction channel to ensure that the calcium-based granular materials are always at the preset adsorption temperature, greatly improving the adsorption efficiency. The spiral reaction channel guides the flue gas to drive the calcium-based granular materials to spiral upward, greatly increasing the gas-solid contact area and time, making the carbon dioxide adsorption more sufficient. The blanking channel is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel, and the exhaust pipe reasonably guides the decarbonized flue gas and calcium-based granular materials, which optimizes the material circulation and gas flow path, and ensures the stable operation of the device. In addition, the overall structural design is relatively simple, which reduces the equipment cost and maintenance difficulty, and provides the possibility for large-scale application.

[0069] Those skilled in the art should understand that the modules of the present application described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computing system, they can be concentrated on a single computing system, or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing systems, and optionally, they can be implemented by program codes executable by a computer system, so that they can be stored in a storage system and executed by the computing system, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0070] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, although the present application is described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present application, and the scope of the present application is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

[0071] The above disclosure only discloses several specific implementation scenarios of the present application. However, the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide adsorption device based on calcium-based particulate materials, characterized in that, It includes a storage tank, a smoke exhaust pipe, a housing and an input shunt; the input shunt includes a conveying branch for inputting heated flue gas and calcium-based granular materials and multiple input branches for inputting raw flue gas; the housing covers the storage tank and includes a top shell and an outer shell extending downward from the top shell; The smoke exhaust pipe penetrates through the top shell from top to bottom and extends into the storage tank, and the storage tank is divided into a blanking area and a storage area from top to bottom with the end of the smoke exhaust pipe as the boundary; a blanking channel is formed between the outer side wall of the smoke exhaust pipe and the inner side wall of the storage tank in the blanking area; The outer shell is spaced around the outer side wall of the storage tank, and a spiral reaction channel that spirally surrounds the storage tank from bottom to top is formed between its inner side wall and the outer side wall of the storage tank; The spiral reaction channel sequentially communicates with the conveying branch and each input branch from bottom to top, and is used to control the temperature in the channel by mixing the heated flue gas and the raw flue gas, and guide the flue gas to drive the calcium-based granular materials to travel spirally upward along the channel, so that the calcium-based granular materials adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas at a preset adsorption temperature during the traveling process; The blanking channel communicates with the top of the spiral reaction channel and is used to guide the calcium-based granular materials and the flue gas to flow downward to the storage area; the smoke exhaust pipe communicates with the storage area and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to flow upward and block the calcium-based granular materials so that they fall into the storage area below; 2. The carbon dioxide adsorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top shell is spaced above the storage tank, and together with the outer shell, a buffer area surrounding the smoke exhaust pipe is formed above the storage tank; The buffer area communicates with the spiral reaction channel and the blanking channel respectively, so that the traveling trend of the flue gas and the calcium-based granular materials changes from spirally upward to vertically downward; 3. The carbon dioxide adsorption device according to claim 1, wherein, A blocking assembly is arranged inside the smoke exhaust pipe, and the blocking assembly includes a plurality of blocking parts distributed in layers, and the blocking parts cooperate with each other to divide a plurality of smoke exhaust paths inside the smoke exhaust pipe and guide the flue gas to travel upward in a zigzag manner; 4. The carbon dioxide adsorption device according to claim 1, wherein At least part of the projections of the blocking parts on a preset plane cover the projection of the smoke exhaust pipe on the preset plane after being superimposed; 5. The carbon dioxide adsorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral reaction channel includes m circles of reaction channels spirally wound from bottom to top, and the end point of the nth circle of reaction channel is the starting point of the (n + 1)th circle of reaction channel; the reaction channel of the first circle communicates with the conveying branch, the reaction channel of the mth circle communicates with the blanking channel, and at least part of the reaction channels from the second circle to the (m - 2)th circle communicate with the input branches; Wherein, n is an integer not less than 1, and m is an integer not less than 4; 6. The carbon dioxide adsorption device according to claim 1, wherein The distance between the inner side wall of the outer shell and the outer side wall of the storage tank gradually increases from bottom to top, so that the channel size of the spiral reaction channel gradually increases from bottom to top; 7. The carbon dioxide adsorption device according to claim 3, wherein, A heating assembly is also arranged inside the smoke exhaust pipe, and the heating assembly is used to heat by using the heat released during the process of the calcium-based granular materials adsorbing carbon dioxide; The heating assembly is located above the blocking assembly; or, the heating assembly is arranged in an interleaved manner with the blocking assembly; or, the heating assembly serves as the blocking assembly.

8. The carbon dioxide adsorption device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner side wall of the outer shell is inclined outward by 5-10° upward from the bottom with respect to the outer side wall of the storage tank.

9. A control method for a carbon dioxide adsorption device, characterized in that, A control method for controlling the carbon dioxide adsorption device according to any one of claims 1-8; the control method includes: Conveying the heated flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material to the spiral reaction channel through the conveying branch; at a preset desorption temperature, the calcium-based particulate material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas and releases heat; Selecting the input branch to input the raw flue gas into the spiral reaction channel according to the temperature in the channel, and using the input of the raw flue gas to regulate the temperature in the channel to always maintain at the preset desorption temperature; The flue gas drives the calcium-based particulate material to spiral upward in the spiral reaction channel until it reaches the top of the spiral reaction channel and then enters the blanking channel, and travels downward under the guidance of the blanking channel. During the traveling process, the calcium-based particulate material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity; The flue gas then enters the exhaust pipe from the storage tank, travels upward under the guidance of the exhaust pipe. During the traveling process, the calcium-based particulate material in the flue gas is blocked and then falls into the storage tank, and the flue gas is output along the exhaust pipe.

10. A carbon dioxide capture system, characterized in that, Including a collection device, a desorption device and the carbon dioxide adsorption device according to any one of claims 1-8; The carbon dioxide adsorption device is used for adsorbing carbon dioxide in the flue gas; The desorption device is connected to the carbon dioxide adsorption device and is used for desorbing the calcium-based particulate material adsorbed with carbon dioxide to obtain carbon dioxide; The collection device is connected to the desorption device and is used for processing and storing carbon dioxide.

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