Rapid decomposition system and method based on plant litter

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid decomposition system and method based on plant litters, and relates to the technical field of litter decomposition, according to the rapid decomposition system and method based on the plant litters, the decomposition period of the plant litters is remarkably shortened through microbial directional regulation and precise environment control, and compared with a traditional method, the decomposition efficiency is improved by 30%-50%; full resource utilization of decomposition products is achieved, resource waste is reduced, the prepared liquid fertilizer, the soil conditioner and the biochar have good application value, the soil fertility can be effectively improved, and the ecological environment can be effectively improved; the intelligent regulation and control subsystem monitors the decomposition process in real time and automatically adjusts the decomposition process to ensure that the decomposition process is in an optimal state, the manual intervention cost is reduced, and the stability and reliability of system operation are improved; the environmental problems such as fire hazards and soil hardening caused by litter accumulation are reduced, the virtuous circle of an ecological system is promoted, and remarkable ecological benefits and social benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of litter decomposition, and specifically relates to a rapid decomposition system and method for plant litter. Background Art

[0002] The existing rapid decomposition systems and methods for plant litter still have the following disadvantages in actual use:

[0003] Plant litter (such as dead branches and leaves) decomposes slowly under natural conditions. Especially for coniferous forest litter with high lignin content (such as masson pine), it usually takes 1 - 3 years to completely degrade, affecting the forest nutrient cycle. The traditional composting method is affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and C / N ratio, and it is difficult to operate efficiently in arid or low-temperature regions (such as the semi-arid climate in southwestern Sichuan), and it is easy to produce greenhouse gases such as methane. Most of the existing decomposition technologies use a single microbial agent (such as cellulase bacteria), which cannot meet the microbial requirements at different stages of litter decomposition (cellulose degradation → lignin decomposition → humification), resulting in incomplete decomposition. Among them, high C / N ratio litter (such as pine needles with C / N > 60) leads to microbial nitrogen limitation and decomposition stagnation. In acidic soil (pH < 5.5), the availability of manganese (Mn 2+ ) decreases, affecting the function of lignin-degrading enzymes (such as manganese peroxidase). Most of the decomposition products are directly returned to the field without being classified and utilized (such as soluble organic carbon, humus, and recalcitrant residues). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid decomposition system and method for plant litter to solve the above existing problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A rapid decomposition system and method for plant litter, including a microbial directional regulation subsystem, a multi-interface decomposition device, and an intelligent regulation subsystem;

[0006] The microbial directional regulation subsystem includes a local functional microbial agent library and a carbon source dynamic supply module;

[0007] The multi-interface decomposition device includes an atmospheric interface layer, a water interface layer, and a soil interface layer;

[0008] The intelligent regulation subsystem includes a multi-parameter sensor array and an adaptive control module.

[0009] Further, the local functional microbial agent library specifically includes:

[0010] Initial flora, mainly composed of cellulose-degrading bacteria and starch-decomposing bacteria;

[0011] Mid-term flora, mainly composed of lignin-degrading bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria;

[0012] The late-stage microbial community is mainly composed of extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacteria;

[0013] Based on the Biolog GenⅢ detection results, the carbon source dynamic supply module is configured to add alcohol and amine carbon sources as needed.

[0014] Furthermore, the atmospheric boundary layer specifically includes:

[0015] An adjustable light-shielding plate and a temperature and humidity control device;

[0016] The adjustable range of the light transmittance of the adjustable light-shielding plate is 10% - 90%;

[0017] The temperature and humidity control device is configured to maintain a temperature of 20 - 35°C and a humidity of 60% - 80%.

[0018] Furthermore, the water boundary layer includes an atomizing spray system;

[0019] The atomizing spray system is configured to generate water droplets with a particle size of 50 - 100 μm, spray twice a day, and each spray lasts for 5 minutes.

[0020] Furthermore, the soil boundary layer includes a porous matrix;

[0021] The porous matrix is made by mixing peat and biochar in a ratio of 7:3;

[0022] The porosity of the porous matrix > 60%, and the specific surface area ≥ 200 m 2 / g.

[0023] Furthermore, the multi-parameter sensor array includes:

[0024] A near-infrared spectrometer for detecting the residual rates of lignin and cellulose;

[0025] A pH sensor for monitoring the soil acidity and alkalinity;

[0026] An effective manganese electrode for detecting the Mn 2+ concentration, with a detection limit of 0.1 mg / kg.

[0027] Furthermore, the adaptive control module is configured to perform decomposition rate model calculations:

[0028] When the calculation result Rd < 0.5, trigger the operation of adding microbial agents or nitrogen.

[0029] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0030] A product classification and treatment module;

[0031] The product classification and treatment module is configured to:

[0032] Concentrate soluble organic carbon to make liquid fertilizer;

[0033] Mix humus with biochar to make soil conditioner;

[0034] Pyrolyze the refractory residues to generate biochar for backfilling.

[0035] A rapid decomposition method based on plant litter, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1. Pretreatment stage: Crush the litter to 2 - 5 cm and measure the initial C / N ratio;

[0037] S2. Nitrogen addition: Add nitrogen source at a gradient of 0 - 20 g N / m 2 / yr;

[0038] S3. Phased inoculation: Inoculate the corresponding microbial communities according to the decomposition stage;

[0039] S4. Initial decomposition: Inoculate cellulose - degrading bacteria and maintain the temperature at 25°C;

[0040] S5. Spraying treatment: Perform atomizing spraying 2 times a day, 5 minutes each time;

[0041] S6. Mid - term conversion: Transfer to the mid - term when the cellulose residue rate is detected to be < 40%;

[0042] S7. Mid - term decomposition: Supplement lignin - degrading bacteria and nitrogen - fixing bacteria;

[0043] S8. Temperature - raising treatment: Raise the temperature to 30°C and add 10 mg / kg of MnSO4;

[0044] S9. Late - term conversion: Transfer to the late - term when the lignin residue rate is detected to be < 50%;

[0045] S10. Late - term treatment: Inoculate extracellular polysaccharide - producing bacteria;

[0046] S11. Temperature - lowering treatment: Lower the temperature to 20°C and reduce the spraying frequency;

[0047] S12. Product collection: Collect the decomposition products for classification treatment.

[0048] Furthermore, the classification treatment includes:

[0049] Liquid fertilizer preparation: Separate soluble organic carbon;

[0050] Concentration treatment: Concentrate the soluble organic carbon to TOC > 1000 mg / L;

[0051] Liquid fertilizer obtaining: Make a liquid fertilizer containing N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 5%;

[0052] Preparation of the modifier: Collect humus;

[0053] Mixing treatment: Mix humus and biochar in a ratio of 1:1;

[0054] Obtaining the modifier: Produce a soil modifier with an organic matter content of ≥30%;

[0055] Treatment of residues: Collect recalcitrant residues;

[0056] Pyrolysis treatment: Conduct pyrolysis at 500°C;

[0057] Obtaining biochar: Generate biochar that can be backfilled.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, a rapid decomposition system and method based on plant litter provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0059] This rapid decomposition system and method based on plant litter significantly shortens the decomposition cycle of plant litter through microbial directional regulation and precise environmental control, with a 30%-50% improvement in decomposition efficiency compared to traditional methods; realizes the full resource utilization of decomposition products, reduces resource waste, and the prepared liquid fertilizer, soil modifier, and biochar have good application values, which can effectively improve soil fertility and the ecological environment; the intelligent regulation subsystem monitors the decomposition process in real time and automatically adjusts to ensure that the decomposition process is in the best state, reduces the cost of manual intervention, and improves the stability and reliability of system operation; reduces environmental problems caused by litter accumulation, such as fire hazards and soil compaction, promotes the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem, and has significant ecological and social benefits. Description of the Drawings

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings.

[0061] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 It is a schematic flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0063] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following will further introduce the present invention in detail in conjunction with the drawings.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 1 、 2, A rapid decomposition system and method based on plant litter, including.

[0065] A microbial directional regulation subsystem, a multi-interface decomposition device, and an intelligent regulation subsystem;

[0066] The microbial directional regulation subsystem includes a local functional inoculum library and a carbon source dynamic supply module;

[0067] The multi-interface decomposition device includes an atmospheric interface layer, a water interface layer, and a soil interface layer;

[0068] The intelligent regulation subsystem includes a multi-parameter sensor array and an adaptive control module.

[0069] The local functional inoculum library specifically includes:

[0070] The initial flora, mainly composed of cellulose-degrading bacteria and starch-decomposing bacteria;

[0071] The middle-stage flora, mainly composed of lignin-degrading bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria;

[0072] The late-stage flora, mainly composed of extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacteria;

[0073] The carbon source dynamic supply module is configured to add alcohol and amine carbon sources as needed based on the Biolog GenⅢ detection results.

[0074] Construction of the local functional inoculum library: Screen and isolate efficient cellulose-degrading bacteria, starch-decomposing bacteria, lignin-degrading bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacteria from the natural environment, prepare them into inoculants through laboratory culture and propagation, and store them in the local functional inoculum library according to the requirements of the initial, middle, and late stages; Regularly detect the viability of the inoculants and purify the strains to ensure their decomposition ability.

[0075] Setting of the carbon source dynamic supply module: Configure alcohol (such as ethanol, methanol) and amine (such as urea, ammonium chloride) carbon source reserves; Use the Biolog GenⅢ microplate detection technology to analyze the metabolic characteristics of the microbial community during the decomposition process, determine the microbial demand for different carbon sources according to the detection results, and add carbon sources as needed through an automatic metering pump to maintain the optimal nutritional conditions for microbial growth; For example, when it is detected that the utilization efficiency of ethanol by microorganisms is high, add an appropriate amount of ethanol in a timely manner.

[0076] The atmospheric interface layer specifically includes:

[0077] Adjustable light-shielding plates and temperature and humidity control devices;

[0078] The adjustable range of the light transmittance of the adjustable light-shielding plates is 10% - 90%;

[0079] The temperature and humidity control device is configured to maintain a temperature of 20 - 35°C and a humidity of 60% - 80%.

[0080] When installing the atmospheric boundary layer, an adjustable light-shielding plate is installed on the top of the decomposition device, and an electric drive system is used to achieve continuous adjustment of the light transmittance in the range of 10%-90%; at the same time, a temperature and humidity sensor, a heating device and a ventilation device are installed to form a temperature and humidity control device; the temperature and humidity sensor monitors the ambient temperature and humidity in real time. When the temperature is lower than 20°C, the heating device automatically starts to heat up; when the temperature is higher than 35°C or the humidity is lower than 60%, the ventilation device is turned on to adjust the temperature and humidity to ensure that the environment is stable within an appropriate range.

[0081] The water boundary layer includes an atomizing spray system;

[0082] The atomizing spray system is configured to generate water droplets with a particle size of 50-100 μm, and is sprayed 2 times a day, each time lasting for 5 minutes.

[0083] When installing the water boundary layer, an atomizing spray system is arranged above the inside of the decomposition device, including a water pump, atomizing nozzles and pipes; the water pump transports water to the atomizing nozzles, and by adjusting the water pump pressure and nozzle parameters, the nozzles generate water droplets with a particle size of 50-100 μm; a timer is set to perform 2 sprays per day at a fixed time, each time lasting for 5 minutes, providing uniform moisture for litter decomposition.

[0084] The soil boundary layer includes a porous matrix;

[0085] The porous matrix is made of peat and biochar mixed in a ratio of 7:3;

[0086] The porosity of the porous matrix > 60%, and the specific surface area ≥ 200m 2 / g.

[0087] When laying the soil boundary layer, peat and biochar are fully mixed in a ratio of 7:3 to prepare a porous matrix; a porous matrix with a thickness of 20-30 cm is laid at the bottom of the decomposition device to ensure that its porosity > 60% and the specific surface area ≥ 200m 2 / g; this matrix not only provides support for litter, but also provides a rich habitat space and good ventilation and water permeability conditions for microorganisms.

[0088] The multi-parameter sensor array includes:

[0089] A near-infrared spectrometer for detecting the residual rates of lignin and cellulose;

[0090] A pH sensor for monitoring the soil acidity;

[0091] An effective manganese electrode for detecting the Mn 2+ concentration, with a detection limit of 0.1 mg / kg.

[0092] When installing the multi-parameter sensor array, install the near-infrared spectrometer at a suitable position in the decomposition device, regularly scan the litter, and detect the residual rates of lignin and cellulose; bury the pH sensor and the available manganese electrode to monitor the soil acidity and alkalinity and the Mn 2+ concentration in real time; the sensors send the collected data to the adaptive control module through the wireless transmission module.

[0093] The adaptive control module is configured to perform decomposition rate model calculation:

[0094] When the calculation result Rd < 0.5, trigger the operation of supplementing the microbial agent or adding nitrogen.

[0095] The adaptive control module is set as follows: write a decomposition rate model calculation program in the control system, calculate the decomposition rate Rd according to parameters such as the change of the residual rates of lignin and cellulose detected by the near-infrared spectrometer; when Rd < 0.5, the system automatically triggers an instruction to supplement the corresponding microbial agent through the microbial agent adding device or add a nitrogen source through the nitrogen adding device to realize the intelligent regulation of the decomposition process.

[0096] It also includes:

[0097] The product classification and treatment module;

[0098] The product classification and treatment module is configured to:

[0099] Concentrate the soluble organic carbon to make liquid fertilizer;

[0100] Mix the humus and biochar to make soil conditioner;

[0101] Pyrolyze the refractory residues to generate biochar for backfilling.

[0102] Install the soluble organic carbon separation equipment, concentration device, mixing and stirring equipment, pyrolysis furnace, etc.; after the decomposition is completed, separate the soluble organic carbon in the liquid part through the soluble organic carbon separation equipment, and use the concentration device for concentration treatment to make liquid fertilizer; mix the humus and biochar in proportion in the mixing and stirring equipment to make soil conditioner; send the refractory residues into the pyrolysis furnace to pyrolyze at 500 °C, collect and store the generated biochar for backfilling use.

[0103] A method for rapid decomposition of plant litter includes the following steps:

[0104] S1. Pretreatment stage: Crush the litter to 2 - 5 cm and measure the initial C / N ratio;

[0105] S2. Nitrogen addition: Add nitrogen source at a gradient of 0 - 20 g N / m 2 / yr;

[0106] S3. Phased inoculation: inoculate the corresponding microbial communities according to the decomposition stage;

[0107] S4. Initial decomposition: inoculate cellulose-degrading bacteria and maintain the temperature at 25 °C;

[0108] S5. Spraying treatment: perform atomized spraying 2 times a day, 5 minutes each time;

[0109] S6. Mid-term conversion: transfer to the mid-term when the cellulose residue rate is detected to be < 40%;

[0110] S7. Mid-term decomposition: supplement lignin-degrading bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria;

[0111] S8. Heating treatment: raise the temperature to 30 °C and add 10 mg / kg of MnSO4;

[0112] S9. Late-stage conversion: transfer to the late stage when the lignin residue rate is detected to be < 50%;

[0113] S10. Late-stage treatment: inoculate extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacteria;

[0114] S11. Cooling treatment: lower the temperature to 20 °C and reduce the spraying frequency;

[0115] S12. Product collection: collect the decomposition products for grading treatment.

[0116] The grading treatment includes:

[0117] Liquid fertilizer preparation: separate soluble organic carbon;

[0118] Concentration treatment: concentrate the soluble organic carbon to TOC > 1000 mg / L;

[0119] Liquid fertilizer obtained: make a liquid fertilizer containing N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 5%;

[0120] Amendment preparation: collect humus;

[0121] Mixing treatment: mix the humus and biochar at a ratio of 1:1;

[0122] Amendment obtained: make a soil amendment with organic matter ≥ 30%;

[0123] Residue treatment: collect the difficult-to-decompose residues;

[0124] Pyrolysis treatment: pyrolyze at 500 °C;

[0125] Biochar obtained: generate biochar that can be backfilled.

[0126] Only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of illustration. Without doubt, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid decomposition system based on plant litter, characterized in that, It includes a microbial directional regulation subsystem, a multi-interface decomposition device, and an intelligent regulation subsystem; The microbial directional regulation subsystem includes a local functional microbial agent library and a carbon source dynamic supply module; The multi-interface decomposition device includes an atmospheric interface layer, a water interface layer, and a soil interface layer; The intelligent regulation subsystem includes a multi-parameter sensor array and an adaptive control module.

2. The rapid decomposition system based on plant litter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The local functional microbial agent library specifically includes: Initial flora, mainly composed of cellulose-degrading bacteria and starch-decomposing bacteria; Mid-term flora, mainly composed of lignin-degrading bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; Late-stage flora, mainly composed of extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacteria; The carbon source dynamic supply module is configured to add alcohol and amine carbon sources as needed based on the Biolog GenⅢ detection results.

3. The rapid decomposition system based on plant litter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, The atmospheric interface layer specifically includes: Adjustable light-shielding plates and temperature and humidity control devices; The adjustable range of the light transmittance of the adjustable light-shielding plates is 10% - 90%; The temperature and humidity control devices are configured to maintain the temperature at 20 - 35°C and the humidity at 60% - 80%.

4. The rapid decomposition system based on plant litter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water interface layer includes an atomizing spray system; The atomizing spray system is configured to generate water droplets with a particle size of 50 - 100 μm, spray 2 times a day, and each time lasts for 5 minutes.

5. A rapid decomposition system based on plant litter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil interface layer includes a porous matrix; The porous matrix is made by mixing peat and biochar in a ratio of 7:3; The porosity of the porous matrix > 60%, and the specific surface area ≥ 200 m 2 / g.

6. The rapid decomposition system based on plant litter according to claim 1, characterized in that The multi-parameter sensor array includes: A near-infrared spectrometer for detecting the residual rates of lignin and cellulose; A pH sensor for monitoring the soil acidity; Effective manganese electrode for detecting Mn 2+ Concentration, with a detection limit of 0.1 mg / kg.

7. A rapid decomposition system based on plant litter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive control module is configured to perform decomposition rate model calculations: When the calculation result Rd < 0.5, trigger the operation of supplementing microbial agents or adding nitrogen.

8. A rapid decomposition system based on plant litter according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It also includes: A product classification and treatment module; The product classification and treatment module is configured to: Concentrate soluble organic carbon to make liquid fertilizer; Mix humus with biochar to make soil conditioner; Pyrolyze the difficult-to-decompose residues to generate biochar for backfilling.

9. A method for rapid decomposition of plant litter, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Pretreatment stage: Crush the litter to 2 - 5 cm and measure the initial C / N ratio; S2. Nitrogen addition: Add nitrogen sources at a gradient of 0 - 20 g N / m 2 / yr; S3. Stage-by-stage inoculation: Inoculate the corresponding flora according to the decomposition stage; S4. Initial decomposition: Inoculate cellulose-degrading bacteria and maintain the temperature at 25°C; S5. Spraying treatment: Perform atomizing spraying 2 times a day, each time for 5 minutes; S6. Mid-term conversion: Transfer to the mid-term when the detected cellulose residual rate < 40%; S7. Mid-term decomposition: Supplement lignin-degrading bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; S8. Heating treatment: Raise the temperature to 30°C and add 10 mg / kg of MnSO4; S9. Late-stage conversion: Transfer to the late stage when the detected lignin residual rate < 50%; S10. Late-stage treatment: Inoculate extracellular polysaccharide-producing bacteria; S11. Cooling treatment: Lower the temperature to 20°C and reduce the spraying frequency; S12. Product collection: Collect the decomposition products for classification and treatment.

10. A method for rapid decomposition of plant litter according to claim 9, characterized in that, The classification and treatment include: Liquid fertilizer preparation: Separate soluble organic carbon; Concentration treatment: Concentrate the soluble organic carbon to TOC > 1000 mg / L; Obtaining liquid fertilizer: Make a liquid fertilizer containing N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 5%; Soil conditioner preparation: Collect humus; Mixing treatment: Mix humus with biochar in a ratio of 1:1; Obtaining soil conditioner: Make a soil conditioner with organic matter ≥ 30%; Residue treatment: Collect the difficult-to-decompose residues; Pyrolysis treatment: Pyrolyze at 500 °C; Biochar production: Produce biochar that can be backfilled.

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