Gantry type combined machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding

Abstract

The invention relates to a combined machining technology, in particular to a gantry type combined machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding, which comprises a combined machining device, the combined machining device comprises a ring frame, and a main shaft is rotationally arranged in the center of the ring frame; the combined machining device further comprises two cutter shafts used for installing a milling cutter and a grinding wheel respectively, and the two cutter shafts can be coaxially combined with the main shaft. When one cutter shaft is combined with the main shaft, the other cutter shaft deviates from the main shaft, and the two cutter shafts are respectively connected with the ring frame through a group of swinging guide mechanisms; the swinging guide mechanism is used for driving the cutter shaft to be separated from the main shaft, deflect away from the main shaft and form an included angle with the main shaft; or the cutter shaft is driven to deflect to approach the main shaft until being coaxial with the main shaft, and then the cutter shaft is driven to be combined with the main shaft. On the premise that cutter switching position compensation is not needed, one-time grinding can be completed by moving from the tail end of the machining route to the initial end of the machining route according to the original machining route, and it is ensured that the milling and grinding route benchmark is completely consistent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a combined processing technology, in particular to a gantry type composite processing center based on multi-head milling. Background Art

[0002] Grinding is the process of cutting and rubbing the workpiece surface at high speed using abrasive tools (such as grinding wheels) to remove material, while milling is the process of cutting on the workpiece surface using a rotating milling cutter, generating metal chips through tool rotation and workpiece feed motion.

[0003] Generally speaking, traditional milling and grinding processes belong to two independent processes and need to be completed on different machine tools. This will have many disadvantages. First, the processing efficiency is low, and second, the processing cost is high. Different types of machine tools need to be purchased and equipped with corresponding operators.

[0004] To this end, a large number of types of integrated milling and grinding machine tools have emerged in the machining industry. Through three-coordinate programming, the three-dimensional spatial route of the tool's machining can be controlled. The method of milling first and then grinding is adopted. After the milling cutter completes the entire path processing along the machining spatial route, the tool is directly switched. The grinding process can be completed without the need for secondary positioning and clamping of the workpiece. During the two-step processing, the workpiece never needs to be re-clamped and re-positioned.

[0005] When the milling cutter completes the milling work, the turret tool magazine completes the tool change. The common tool changes are turret head tool change and rotary tool holder tool change. It is equipped with two highly integrated independent processing systems, from power source to spindle to tool. When the milling work is completed, the corresponding milling processing system moves away and switches positions, so that the grinding processing system is switched to the current processing station. No matter which method is used, after the switch, there will be switching errors due to the movement during the switching process, resulting in the processing datums of the two processing systems not being completely consistent. Generally, compensation is required, including compensation of the tool processing datum and tool feed compensation of the entire processing system station. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding comprises a base and a mounting plate, a composite machining device is arranged on the mounting plate in a liftable manner, the composite machining device comprises a ring frame, a main shaft is rotatably arranged at the center of the ring frame; the composite machining device also comprises two tool shafts for installing a milling cutter and a grinding wheel respectively, and both of the tool shafts can be coaxially combined with the main shaft; When one of the knife shafts is combined with the main shaft, the other knife shaft deviates from the main shaft, and the two knife shafts are connected to the ring frame through a set of swing guide mechanisms; The swing guide mechanism is used to drive the knife shaft to firstly separate from the main shaft, then deflect away from the main shaft, and form an angle with the main shaft; or drive the knife shaft to firstly deflect close to the main shaft, until it is coaxial with the main shaft, and then drive the knife shaft to combine with the main shaft; The two groups of rocking guide mechanisms act synchronously. When one group of rocking guide mechanisms drives one of the tool shafts to disengage from the main shaft and deviate from the main shaft to form an angle, the other group of rocking guide mechanisms drives the other tool shaft to deflect close to the main shaft and until it is coaxial with the main shaft, so that the tool shaft and the main shaft are combined.

[0008] As described above, in the gantry-type compound machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding: a workbench is horizontally and adjustably arranged on the base along the length direction of the base, a group of gantry columns are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the workbench, a slide rail is fixedly installed on the top of each group of the gantry columns, a truss is arranged between the slide rails on both sides, the truss can be slidably adjusted along the length direction of the slide rail, and the mounting plate can slide along the length direction of the truss.

[0009] The gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: a shaft sleeve is fixedly installed at the lower end of the spindle, and a docking cavity is formed at the lower end of the shaft sleeve; A circle of docking teeth is integrally arranged on the inner wall of the docking cavity along the central axis direction of the sleeve, and the lower ends of the docking teeth are sharp; A clutch shaft is elastically and slidably provided at the upper end of the knife shaft, and a circle of tooth grooves is formed on the outer periphery of the upper end of the clutch shaft, and the tooth grooves are adapted to the docking teeth; A sliding cavity is formed at the lower end of the clutch shaft, and a circle of key grooves are provided on the inner wall of the sliding cavity along the axial direction thereof; a circle of sliding keys adapted to the key grooves are fixedly arranged on the outer periphery of the upper part of the knife shaft, and a lifting spring is arranged in the sliding cavity; one end of the lifting spring contacts the top end of the knife shaft, and the other end contacts the top wall of the sliding cavity, and the lifting spring is a compression spring; The knife shaft and the clutch shaft are connected to the swing guide mechanism through a connection component.

[0010] The gantry type compound machining center based on multi-head milling as described above: the connection assembly includes a guide plate parallel to the central axis of the tool shaft, the external rotation of the clutch shaft is provided with a No. 1 clamp, and the external rotation of the tool shaft is provided with a No. 2 clamp; A rotating pin is arranged on the outer side of the No. 1 clamp along the radial direction of the No. 1 clamp, and a guide groove is arranged on the guide plate along its length direction, and the rotating pin is slidably matched with the guide groove; A pin shaft is arranged on the outer side of the second clamp along the radial direction of the second clamp. The pin shaft is parallel to the rotating pin, and the pin shaft is fixedly connected to the guide plate.

[0011] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: The first clamp includes a first half clamp and a second half clamp, and the first half clamp and the second half clamp enclose to form a clamp ring. The second clamp includes a third half clamp and a fourth half clamp, and the third half clamp and the fourth half clamp enclose to form another clamp ring. A circle of hemispherical depressions are formed on the inner walls of the first clamp and the second clamp. A circle of first concave tracks are formed on the outer wall of the clutch shaft, and a circle of second concave tracks are formed on the outer wall of the cutter shaft. Large rollers are rollingly fitted in the hemispherical depressions on the inner wall of the first clamp, and the large rollers are rollingly arranged in the first concave tracks. Small rollers are rollingly fitted in the hemispherical depressions on the inner wall of the second clamp, and the small rollers are fixedly arranged in the second concave tracks.

[0012] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: The swing guiding mechanism includes a swing arm. The swing arms in the two groups of swing guiding mechanisms are respectively located on both sides of the ring frame. A central part is formed at the central positions on both sides of the ring frame, and one end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to the central part. A lifting groove is arranged at the middle position of the swing arm. The end of the swing arm away from the central part forms an eagle beak part, and the eagle beak part is adapted to the pin shaft. The rotating pin is fitted in the lifting groove and has a clearance fit with the lifting groove. A fitting part is fixedly installed on the guide plate. Two pulleys are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the fitting part, and the pulleys are in rolling fit with the track groove formed at the center of the arc track. The center of the arc track coincides with the central part. An arc-shaped part is fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring frame through a fixing plate, and the arc track is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped part.

[0013] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: A hanging column is fixedly installed on the guide plate, a cross column is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped part, and a tension spring is hung between the cross column and the hanging column. The two swing arms located on both sides of the ring frame are fixedly connected through a tool changing arm, and the tool changing arm is also rotatably connected to the central part; A connection hole for installing a milling cutter or a grinding wheel is arranged at the lower end of the cutter shaft.

[0014] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: A top plate is fixedly installed on the top of the ring frame, an assembly plate is fixedly installed on the top plate, and a support arm is fixedly installed on one side of the assembly plate. The end of the support arm is rotatably connected to the top end of the cylinder, and the bottom end of the cylinder is hinged to the tool changing arm; A processing motor is further installed on the top plate. The processing motor is connected to the main shaft through a bevel gear set, and the main shaft is rotatably arranged on the top plate.

[0015] The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding as described above: A hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the mounting plate. The telescopic lower end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to an I-shaped frame. The I-shaped frame is vertically slidably matched with the mounting plate, and the I-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the assembly plate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the present invention, when the main shaft completes one milling according to a predetermined processing route, at this time, the milling cutter is at the end of the processing route; then, the tool is switched through two groups of swing guiding mechanisms. After the milling cutter combined with the main shaft is switched to the grinding wheel, without the need for tool switching position compensation, it still travels from the end of the processing route to the start of the processing along the original processing route, and then a grinding can be completed, ensuring that the route benchmarks of milling and grinding are completely consistent, avoiding the deviation of the milling and grinding tool benchmarks caused by tool switching, and more importantly, not requiring the feed position on the entire processing route to be compensated due to the tool benchmark deviation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of another perspective of a gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting plate and the composite machining device in a gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding.

[0020] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of another orientation.

[0021] Figure 5 It is based on Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram after disassembling the assembly plate, the top plate, and the I-shaped frame.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the composite machining device.

[0023] Figure 7 It is based on Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram after disassembling the fixing plate and the top plate from the composite machining device.

[0024] Figure 8 It is based on Figure 7Schematic diagram of the structure after removing the processing motor, fixed plate, and top plate on the basis of

[0025] Figure 9 For Figure 8 Front elevation view after removing the ring frame and arc-shaped part on the basis of

[0026] Figure 10 For Figure 9 Reverse elevation view of

[0027] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure after disassembling the swing arm, guide plate, and fitting part in one set of swing guiding mechanisms

[0028] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure after disassembling the first clamp and the second clamp

[0029] Figure 13 Exploded view of the main shaft, shaft sleeve, clutch shaft, and tool shaft

[0030] Figure 14 For Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure from another azimuth perspective

[0031] In the figure: 1, base; 2, workbench; 3, gantry column; 4, slide rail; 5, truss; 6, mounting plate; 7, hydraulic cylinder; 8, assembly plate; 9, support arm; 10, air cylinder; 11, top plate; 12, ring frame; 13, fixed plate; 14, arc-shaped part; 15, processing motor; 16, main shaft; 17, shaft sleeve; 1701, docking cavity; 1702, docking teeth; 18, clutch shaft; 1801, tooth groove; 1802, first concave rail; 1803, sliding cavity; 1804, keyway; 19, tool shaft; 1901, sliding key; 1902, second concave rail; 1903, connection hole; 20, lifting spring; 21, first clamp; 2101, first half clamp; 2102, second half clamp; 22, second clamp; 2201, third half clamp; 2202, fourth half clamp; 23, rotating pin; 24, pin shaft; 25, large roller; 26, small roller; 27, guide plate; 2701, guide groove; 2702, hanging post; 28, fitting part; 29, pulley; 30, arc-shaped track; 3001, track groove; 31, swing arm; 3101, lifting groove; 3102, eagle beak part; 32, tool changing arm; 33, tension spring. Detailed implementation mode

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1 to 14, as an embodiment of the present invention, the gantry - type composite machining center based on multi - head milling and grinding includes a base 1 and a workbench 2 horizontally adjustably arranged on the base 1 along the length direction of the base 1; A set of gantry columns 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the workbench 2. A slide rail 4 is fixedly installed at the top of each set of gantry columns 3. A truss 5 is arranged between the slide rails 4 on both sides, and the truss 5 can be slidably adjusted along the length direction of the slide rail 4; An installation plate 6 is slidably arranged on the truss 5 along its length direction, and a composite machining device is arranged on the installation plate 6 in a liftable manner; Among them, the two sets of gantry columns 3 and the truss 5 form a gantry - type frame structure. Since the composite machining device is arranged on the installation plate 6 in a liftable manner, the height of the composite machining device can be adjusted, and it can be adjusted in the height direction, so that the composite machining device has a linear movement degree of freedom in the Z - direction; In addition, the installation plate 6 can be movably adjusted along the length direction of the truss 5, so that the composite machining device further has a linear movement degree of freedom in the Y - direction; Finally, the truss 5 can be slidably adjusted along the length direction of the slide rail 4, and further has a linear interaction degree of freedom in the X - direction.

[0034] To sum up, the composite machining device in the present invention has three mutually perpendicular X, Y, and Z degrees of freedom in space, realizing the full - domain machining function of the workpiece on the workbench 2.

[0035] The composite machining device includes a rectangular ring frame 12, and a main shaft 16 is rotatably arranged at the center of the ring frame 12; the composite machining device also includes two tool shafts 19, and both of the two tool shafts 19 can be coaxially combined with the main shaft 16; One end of one of the tool shafts 19 is used to install a milling cutter, and the other end of the other tool shaft 19 is used to install a grinding wheel; when one of the tool shafts 19 is combined with the main shaft 16, the other tool shaft 19 deviates from the main shaft 16, and both of the two tool shafts 19 are connected to the ring frame 12 through a set of swing guiding mechanisms respectively; The swing guiding mechanism is used to drive the tool shaft 19 to first disengage from the main shaft 16, then deflect away from the main shaft 16 and form an angle with the main shaft 16; or drive the tool shaft 19 to first deflect close to the main shaft 16 until it is coaxial with the main shaft 16, and then drive the tool shaft 19 to be combined with the main shaft 16; The two sets of swing guiding mechanisms act synchronously. During the process that one set of swing guiding mechanisms drives one tool shaft 19 to disengage from the main shaft 16 and deviate from the main shaft 16 to form an angle, the other set of swing guiding mechanisms drives the other tool shaft 19 to deflect close to the main shaft 16 and when it is coaxial with the main shaft 16, the tool shaft 19 is combined with the main shaft 16.

[0036] In the present invention, the main shaft 16 serves as the power component for performing machining operations. When switching from milling to grinding or from grinding to milling, the machining reference remains unchanged all the time. Combined with the above description, it can be known that the main shaft 16 has three degrees of freedom in the X, Y, and Z directions of space. Therefore, a three-dimensional machining path can be formulated at the programming end according to the specific machining path to cover the predetermined machining area.

[0037] It can be anticipated that when the main shaft 16 completes one milling operation according to the predetermined machining path, at this time, the milling cutter is at the end of the machining path; then, the cutter is switched through two groups of swing guiding mechanisms. After the milling cutter combined with the main shaft 16 is switched to the grinding wheel, without the need for tool switching position compensation, it still travels from the end of the machining path to the start of the machining path along the original machining path, and then a grinding operation can be completed, ensuring that the path reference for milling and grinding is exactly the same, avoiding the deviation of the milling and grinding tool reference caused by tool switching, and more importantly, not requiring the compensation of the feed position on the entire machining path due to the tool reference deviation.

[0038] As a further solution of the present invention, please refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 , a bushing 17 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the main shaft 16, and a docking cavity 1701 is formed at the lower end of the bushing 17; A circle of docking teeth 1702 is integrally arranged on the inner wall of the docking cavity 1701 along the central axis direction of the bushing 17, and the lower end of the docking teeth 1702 is in a sharp shape; A clutch shaft 18 is elastically slidably arranged at the upper end of the tool shaft 19, and a circle of tooth grooves 1801 is formed on the outer periphery of the upper end of the clutch shaft 18, and the tooth grooves 1801 are adapted to the docking teeth 1702; A sliding cavity 1803 is formed at the lower end of the clutch shaft 18, and a circle of key grooves 1804 is opened on the inner wall of the sliding cavity 1803 along its axis direction; a circle of sliding keys 1901 adapted to the key grooves 1804 is fixedly arranged on the outer periphery of the upper part of the tool shaft 19, and a jacking spring 20 is arranged in the sliding cavity 1803; one end of the jacking spring 20 abuts against the top end of the tool shaft 19, and the other end abuts against the top wall of the sliding cavity 1803, and the jacking spring 20 is a compression spring; The tool shaft 19 and the clutch shaft 18 are connected to the swing guiding mechanism through an engagement assembly.

[0039] In this embodiment, the clutch shaft 18 always remains coaxial with the tool shaft 19, and with the cooperation of the key grooves 1804 and the sliding keys 1901, only relative sliding along their common central axis can occur between the two, and relative rotation cannot occur.

[0040] The combination of the main shaft 16 and the tool shaft 19 is the combination of the clutch shaft 18 and the bushing 17. Similarly, the disengagement of the main shaft 16 and the tool shaft 19 is the disengagement of the clutch shaft 18 and the bushing 17; During the disengagement process of the main shaft 16 and the tool shaft 19, the swing guiding mechanism first drives the clutch shaft 18 to move along the axis of the clutch shaft 18, so that the clutch shaft 18 continuously moves away from the main shaft 16 until the tooth groove 1801 is completely disengaged from the mating tooth 1702. After a certain interval, the swing guiding mechanism then drives the clutch shaft 18 and the tool shaft 19 to deflect, so that the axis of the tool shaft 19 forms an angle with the axis of the main shaft 16 and deviates; Correspondingly, during the engagement process of the main shaft 16 and the tool shaft 19, the swing guiding mechanism first drives the coaxial clutch shaft 18 and the tool shaft 19 to deflect together, reducing the angle formed by the axis of the tool shaft 19 and the axis of the main shaft 16; when the angle between the axis of the tool shaft 19 and the axis of the main shaft 16 is 0, the axes of the two completely overlap; thereafter, the clutch shaft 18 moves upward until the tooth groove 1801 is engaged with the mating tooth 1702.

[0041] It should be noted that during the combination process of the clutch shaft 18 and the bushing 17, the main shaft 16 always remains in the working state without stopping, and there is no need to stop and switch, which improves the efficiency.

[0042] As a further solution of the present invention, the connection assembly includes a guide plate 27 parallel to the central axis of the tool shaft 19. A first clamp 21 is rotatably arranged outside the clutch shaft 18, and a second clamp 22 is rotatably arranged outside the tool shaft 19; A rotating pin 23 is arranged radially along the outside of the first clamp 21. A guide groove 2701 is opened along the length direction of the guide plate 27, and the rotating pin 23 is slidably matched with the guide groove 2701; A pin shaft 24 is arranged radially along the outside of the second clamp 22. The pin shaft 24 is parallel to the rotating pin 23, and the pin shaft 24 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 27.

[0043] In this embodiment, the guide plate 27 is connected by the arranged pin shaft 24, and in cooperation with the sliding fit of the rotating pin 23 and the guide groove 2701, the clutch shaft 18 and the tool shaft 19 cannot be disengaged. Therefore, the two always perform coaxial sliding fit, so that the clutch shaft 18 and the tool shaft 19 form a telescopic shaft assembly, and this telescopic shaft assembly is always parallel to the guide plate 27; therefore, during the process of the swing guiding mechanism driving the guide plate 27 to deflect, the clutch shaft 18 and the tool shaft 19 will follow and deflect synchronously.

[0044] As a further solution of the present invention, the first clamp 21 includes a first half clamp 2101 and a second half clamp 2102, and the first half clamp 2101 and the second half clamp 2102 enclose to form a hoop; The second clamp 22 includes a third half-clamp 2201 and a fourth half-clamp 2202. The third half-clamp 2201 and the fourth half-clamp 2202 enclose to form another hoop; A hemispherical depression is provided in a circumferential manner on the inner walls of the first clamp 21 and the second clamp 22. A first concave track 1802 is formed on the outer wall of the clutch shaft 18, and a second concave track 1902 is formed on the outer wall of the cutter shaft 19; Large rollers 25 are rollingly fitted in the hemispherical depressions on the inner wall of the first clamp 21, and the large rollers 25 are rollingly arranged in the first concave track 1802; Small rollers 26 are rollingly fitted in the hemispherical depressions on the inner wall of the second clamp 22, and the small rollers 26 are fixedly arranged in the second concave track 1902.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first clamp 21 and the second clamp 22 are used to play a role similar to that of a bearing, respectively realizing the rotational connection with the clutch shaft 18 and the cutter shaft 19; however, compared with a bearing, the half-clamp structure makes it more convenient for disassembly, replacement and maintenance.

[0046] As a further solution of the present invention, please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 , the swing guiding mechanism includes a swing arm 31. The swing arms 31 in the two groups of swing guiding mechanisms are respectively located on both sides of the ring frame 12. Central portions are formed at the central positions on both sides of the ring frame 12, and one end of the swing arm 31 is rotatably connected to the central portion; A lifting groove 3101 is provided at the middle position of the swing arm 31. An eagle beak portion 3102 is formed at the end of the swing arm 31 away from the central portion, and the eagle beak portion 3102 is adapted to the pin shaft 24; The rotating pin 23 is fitted in the lifting groove 3101 and has a clearance fit with the lifting groove 3101. A fitting 28 is fixedly installed on the guiding plate 27. Two pulleys 29 are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the fitting 28, and the pulleys 29 are in rolling fit with a rail groove 3001 formed at the center of the arc-shaped track 30; The center of the arc-shaped track 30 coincides with the central portion. An arc-shaped member 14 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring frame 12 through a fixing plate 13, and the arc-shaped track 30 is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped member 14.

[0047] By arranging two pulleys 29 to be rollingly fitted in the rail groove 3001, the fitting 28 can always only rotate around the central portion along the arc-shaped track 30, thereby restricting the guiding plate 27 to always only rotate around the central portion.

[0048] In the attached instructions Figure 9Taking one of the swing arms 31 located on the front side of the ring frame 12 as an example, when the swing arm 31 rotates counterclockwise, since the clutch shaft 18 and the shaft sleeve 17 are in a combined state at this time, during the counterclockwise rotation of the swing arm 31, the rotating lifting groove 3101 will drive the rotating pin 23 to move downward, so that the lifting spring 20 is further compressed, and the clutch shaft 18 is continuously separated from the shaft sleeve 17; When the clutch shaft 18 is disengaged from the sleeve 17, the turn pin 23 is located at the other end of the lifting slot 3101, and the eagle beak 3102 is in conflict with the pin shaft 24. As the swing arm 31 continues to rotate counterclockwise, the turn pin 23 and the pin shaft 24 rotate together around the center part, so that the knife shaft 19 is disengaged from the main shaft 16 and the knife shaft 19 deviates from the main shaft 16, forming an angle between the central axes of the two.

[0049] As a further solution of the present invention, a hanging column 2702 is fixedly installed on the guide plate 27, a horizontal column is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped member 14, and a tension spring 33 is hung between the horizontal column and the hanging column 2702; The two swing arms 31 on both sides of the ring frame 12 are fixedly connected through a tool changing arm 32, and the tool changing arm 32 is also rotatably connected to the central part; the lower end of the tool shaft 19 is provided with a connecting hole 1903 for installing a milling cutter or a grinding wheel.

[0050] Instructions attached Figure 10 Another set of swing arms 31 located on the other side of the ring frame 12 is used as an example. Since the swing arms 31 on both sides are fixed by the tool changing arm 32, the swing arms 31 on both sides rotate synchronously and with the same amplitude. Figure 9 Counterclockwise rotation from the frontal perspective is Figure 10 In the clockwise rotation from the reverse side, when the tool changing arm 32 drives a group of swing arms 31 on the reverse side to rotate, due to the pulling auxiliary effect of the tension spring 33, the guide plate 27, the swing arm 31, the clutch shaft 18, and the knife shaft 19 all approach the main shaft 16; when the engaging member 28 reaches the end of the arc track 30, the clutch shaft 18 and the knife shaft 19 arrive directly below the main shaft 16, and at this time, the central axes of the clutch shaft 18, the knife shaft 19, the bushing 17, and the main shaft 16 completely overlap; as the swing arm 31 continues to rotate, because the engaging member 28 is already at the end of the arc track 30, the guide plate 27, the clutch shaft 18, and the knife shaft 19 cannot continue to follow the deflection, and the continued deflection of the swing arm 31 will drive the rotating pin 23 to move upward through the lifting slot 3101, thereby driving the clutch shaft 18 to move upward.

[0051] It should be noted that the rotating pin 23 is clearance-matched with the lifting slot 3101, and the purpose of such arrangement is to reserve space for the combination of the clutch shaft 18 and the shaft sleeve 17; During the process of the engagement of the clutch shaft 18 and the bushing 17, since the main shaft 16 does not stop, that is, the main shaft 16 and the bushing 17 are always rotating. This may cause misalignment between the tooth groove 1801 and the docking tooth 1702 when the tooth groove 1801 rises to the same height as the lower end of the docking tooth 1702. At this time, by means of the gap between the rotating pin 23 and the lifting groove 3101, it can be ensured that during the yawing process of the lifting groove 3101, when the top end of the clutch shaft 18 abuts against the lower end of the docking tooth 1702, even if the lifting groove 3101 deflects, the clutch shaft 18 has a certain dwell time; during this dwell time, when the docking tooth 1702 on the bushing 17 rotates to be completely aligned with the tooth groove 1801, they are instantaneously combined by means of the jacking spring 20.

[0052] It should be noted that the rotational speeds of the main shaft 16 and the bushing 17 are relatively high, that is, the rotational speed of the docking tooth 1702 is relatively high; however, the deflection switching speed of the swing arm 31 and the lifting groove 3101 is relatively slow. Therefore, the process from misalignment to alignment between the tooth groove 1801 and the docking tooth 1702 is very short; the slow yawing of the lifting groove 3101 provides sufficient time to eliminate the gap between the rotating pin 23 and the lifting groove 3101.

[0053] As a further solution of the present invention, a top plate 11 is fixedly installed on the top of the ring frame 12, an assembly plate 8 is fixedly installed on the top plate 11, and a support arm 9 is fixedly installed on one side of the assembly plate 8; The end of the support arm 9 is rotatably connected to the top end of a cylinder 10, and the bottom end of the cylinder 10 is hinged to the tool changing arm 32; A processing motor 15 is also installed on the top plate 11. The processing motor 15 is connected to the main shaft 16 through a bevel gear set, and the main shaft 16 is rotatably arranged on the top plate 11.

[0054] In this embodiment, by the telescopic movement of the cylinder 10, the tool changing arm 32 can be driven to rotate around the central part, and further drive the swing arms 31 on both sides to yaw synchronously and in the same direction.

[0055] The processing motor 15 drives the main shaft 16 to rotate at a high speed through the bevel gear set to perform milling or grinding operations.

[0056] As a further solution of the present invention, a hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 6. The telescopable lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to an I-shaped frame, and the I-shaped frame is in vertical sliding fit with the mounting plate 6 and is fixedly connected to the assembly plate 8.

[0057] In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 7 can drive the I-shaped frame to move up and down, and further drive the assembly plate 8, the support arm 9, and the top plate 11 to move up and down together.

[0058] The above embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive. Therefore, all technical solutions of the present invention that can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention are encompassed within the present invention.

Claims

1. A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding, comprising a base (1) and a mounting plate (6), wherein a composite machining device is liftably arranged on the mounting plate (6), and is characterized in that: The composite processing device comprises a rack (12), wherein a main shaft (16) is rotatably arranged at the center of the rack (12); the composite processing device also comprises two tool shafts (19) for mounting a milling cutter and a grinding wheel respectively, wherein the two tool shafts (19) can be coaxially coupled with the main shaft (16); when one of the tool shafts (19) is coupled with the main shaft (16), the other tool shaft (19) deviates from the main shaft (16), and the two tool shafts (19) are respectively connected to the rack (12) via a set of swing guide mechanisms; the swing guide mechanisms are used to drive the tool shafts (19) to firstly be separated from the main shaft (16) , and then deflect away from the main shaft (16) and form an angle with the main shaft (16); or drive the knife shaft (19) to deflect closer to the main shaft (16) until it is coaxial with the main shaft (16), and then drive the knife shaft (19) to combine with the main shaft (16); the two groups of the swing guide mechanisms act synchronously, and when one group of the swing guide mechanisms drives one of the knife shafts (19) to disengage from the main shaft (16) and deviate from the main shaft (16) to form an angle, the other group of the swing guide mechanisms drives the other knife shaft (19) to deflect closer to the main shaft (16) and until it is coaxial with the main shaft (16) so that the knife shaft (19) and the main shaft (16) are combined.

2. The gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 1, wherein A workbench (2) is horizontally and adjustably arranged on the base (1) along the length direction of the base (1); a group of gantry columns (3) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the workbench (2); a slide rail (4) is fixedly installed on the top of each group of gantry columns (3); a truss (5) is arranged between the slide rails (4) on both sides; the truss (5) can be slidably adjusted along the length direction of the slide rail (4); and the mounting plate (6) can slide along the length direction of the truss (5).

3. A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 1, characterized in that, A shaft sleeve (17) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the main shaft (16), and a docking cavity (1701) is formed at the lower end of the shaft sleeve (17); a circle of docking teeth (1702) is integrally arranged on the inner wall of the docking cavity (1701) along the central axis direction of the shaft sleeve (17), and the lower ends of the docking teeth (1702) are sharp; a clutch shaft (18) is elastically slidably arranged on the upper end of the knife shaft (19), and a circle of tooth grooves (1801) is formed on the outer periphery of the upper end of the clutch shaft (18), and the tooth grooves (1801) are adapted to the docking teeth (1702); the lower end of the clutch shaft (18) is provided with a plurality of tooth grooves (1801) disposed on the lower end of the clutch shaft (18). A sliding cavity (1803) is formed at the end, and a circle of key grooves (1804) are provided on the inner wall of the sliding cavity (1803) along its axial direction; a circle of sliding keys (1901) adapted to the key grooves (1804) are fixedly arranged on the upper periphery of the knife shaft (19), and a lifting spring (20) is arranged in the sliding cavity (1803); one end of the lifting spring (20) contacts the top end of the knife shaft (19), and the other end contacts the top wall of the sliding cavity (1803), and the lifting spring (20) is a compression spring; the knife shaft (19) and the clutch shaft (18) are connected to the swing guide mechanism through a connecting component.

4. A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting component includes a guide plate (27) parallel to the central axis of the tool shaft (19). An outer first clamp (21) is rotatably arranged on the clutch shaft (18), and an outer second clamp (22) is rotatably arranged on the tool shaft (19). A rotating pin (23) is arranged on the outer side of the first clamp (21) along the radial direction of the first clamp (21). A guide groove (2701) is formed on the guide plate (27) along its length direction. The rotating pin (23) is in sliding fit with the guide groove (2701). A pin shaft (24) is arranged on the outer side of the second clamp (22) along the radial direction of the second clamp (22). The pin shaft (24) is parallel to the rotating pin (23), and the pin shaft (24) is fixedly connected to the guide plate (27).

5. A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first clamp (21) includes a first half clamp (2101) and a second half clamp (2102), and the first half clamp (2101) and the second half clamp (2102) enclose a hoop. The second clamp (22) includes a third half clamp (2201) and a fourth half clamp (2202), and the third half clamp (2201) and the fourth half clamp (2202) enclose another hoop. A circle of hemispherical depressions are formed on the inner walls of the first clamp (21) and the second clamp (22). A circle of first concave tracks (1802) are formed on the outer wall of the clutch shaft (18), and a circle of second concave tracks (1902) are formed on the outer wall of the tool shaft (19). Large rollers (25) are rollingly fitted in the hemispherical depressions on the inner wall of the first clamp (21), and the large rollers (25) are rollingly arranged in the first concave tracks (1802). Small rollers (26) are rollingly fitted in the hemispherical depressions on the inner wall of the second clamp (22), and the small rollers (26) are fixedly arranged in the second concave tracks (1902).

6. A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 4, characterized in that, The swing guiding mechanism includes a swing arm (31). The swing arms (31) in two groups of swing guiding mechanisms are respectively located on both sides of the ring frame (12). Central parts are formed at the central positions on both sides of the ring frame (12). One end of the swing arm (31) is rotatably connected to the central part. A lifting groove (3101) is arranged at the middle position of the swing arm (31). The end of the swing arm (31) far from the central part forms an eagle beak part (3102), and the eagle beak part (3102) is adapted to the pin shaft (24). The rotating pin (23) is fitted in the lifting groove (3101) and is in clearance fit with the lifting groove (3101). A fitting (28) is fixedly installed on the guide plate (27). Two pulleys (29) are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the fitting (28). The pulleys (29) are in rolling fit with a rail groove (3001) formed at the center of the arc track (30). The center of the arc track (30) coincides with the central part. An arc-shaped part (14) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring frame (12) through a fixing plate (13), and the arc track (30) is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped part (14).

7. A gantry-type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 6, characterized in that, A hanging post (2702) is fixedly installed on the guide plate (27), a cross post is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped member (14), and a tension spring (33) is hung between the cross post and the hanging post (2702); two swing arms (31) located on both sides of the ring frame (12) are fixedly connected by a tool changing arm (32), and the tool changing arm (32) is also rotatably connected to the central part; a connecting hole (1903) for installing a milling cutter or a grinding wheel is arranged at the lower end of the tool shaft (19).

8. A gantry type composite machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 7, characterized in that, A top plate (11) is fixedly installed on the top of the ring frame (12), an assembly plate (8) is fixedly installed on the top plate (11), and a support arm (9) is fixedly installed on one side of the assembly plate (8); the end of the support arm (9) is rotatably connected to the top end of a cylinder (10), and the bottom end of the cylinder (10) is hinged to the tool changing arm (32); a processing motor (15) is also installed on the top plate (11), the processing motor (15) is connected to a main shaft (16) through a bevel gear set, and the main shaft (16) is rotatably arranged on the top plate (11).

9. A gantry-type compound machining center based on multi-head milling and grinding according to claim 8, characterized in that, A hydraulic cylinder (7) is fixedly installed on the mounting plate (6), the telescopic lower end of the hydraulic cylinder (7) is fixedly connected to an I-shaped frame, the I-shaped frame is in vertical sliding fit with the mounting plate (6), and the I-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the assembly plate (8).

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