Charging station management system and management method based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, and discloses a charging station management system and management method based on the Internet of Things, and the system comprises a data obtaining module which obtains basic management data, a data analysis module which obtains analysis management data through analyzing the basic management data, builds a data sharing group, and stores the data sharing group. The system comprises a charging station, a power supply station and a charging station, a control management module which carries out operation state monitoring and management control on the charging station, and a safety management module which carries out safety monitoring on the charging station and formulates an early warning strategy. The power utilization safety and the energy utilization efficiency of the charging station are effectively guaranteed, the problems that the utilization efficiency of electric power resources is low and potential safety hazards exist due to the fact that a charging station management system cannot monitor and early warn the safety problem of charging equipment in time are solved, and maximization of social benefits and economic benefits is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a charging station management system and a management method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, new energy vehicles are being used more and more widely. As the leader of new energy vehicles, electric vehicles driven by electricity resources are developing rapidly. Charging stations are infrastructure that provide endurance for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. They usually provide AC charging piles and DC charging piles according to the different charging needs of vehicles to meet the endurance needs of different types of electric vehicles. In order to ensure the charging safety of electric vehicles, the management and maintenance of charging stations are very important. At present, the maintenance of charging stations mainly depends on the charging station management system. However, the existing charging station management system has the following problems: (1) The power supply management of the charging station is insufficient, and the power resources cannot be allocated in time according to the needs of the charging station; (2) The power management between the charging piles in the charging station is not coordinated, resulting in insufficient power supply or power waste of some charging piles; (3) The charging station management system cannot monitor and warn the safety of charging equipment in time, which is prone to safety hazards. It can be seen that the existing charging station management system has the problem of uncoordinated power management and difficulty in equipment safety monitoring and warning. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a charging station management system and a management method based on the Internet of Things, so as to solve the problems of uncoordinated power management and difficulty in equipment safety monitoring and early warning in the existing charging station management system.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a charging station management system based on the Internet of Things, comprising:

[0006] A data acquisition module, used to acquire charging station data of a target charging station, distribution station data of a distribution station connected to the target charging station, and charging pile data of a charging pile in the target charging station, obtain basic management data based on the charging station data, the distribution station data, and the charging pile data, and send the basic management data to a data analysis module;

[0007] A data analysis module, used to analyze the received basic management data to obtain the power factor of the distribution station and the power factor of the charging station, and obtain the rated output power data, real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the distribution station, and calculate the load reference data of the distribution station based on the rated output power data, the real-time current data, the real-time voltage data and the power factor of the distribution station;

[0008] The data analysis module is also used to calculate charging analysis data by obtaining real-time output power data of the charging station, reference data on the failure rate of charging piles, and reference data on the charging efficiency of charging piles, obtain analysis management data based on the load reference data and the charging analysis data, and construct an Internet of Things data sharing group based on the analysis management data;

[0009] The control and management module is used to read the basic management data in the data acquisition module and the analysis management data in the data analysis module, calculate reference data for charging anomaly judgment based on the basic management data and the analysis management data, calculate a reference threshold for charging anomaly judgment, perform threshold judgment on the reference value of charging anomaly judgment to obtain charging anomaly data, and use the Internet of Things data sharing group and combine the charging anomaly data to manage and control the charging piles in the target charging station.

[0010] Optionally, the system further includes: a security management module;

[0011] The security management module is used to obtain the basic management data in the data acquisition module and the analysis management data in the data analysis module, and calculate reference data for charging pile security warning based on the basic management data and the analysis management data;

[0012] It is also used to obtain a reference threshold for charging pile security warning, perform threshold judgment on the reference threshold for charging pile security warning and the reference data for charging pile security warning to obtain security warning classification data, and use the Internet of Things data sharing group and combine the security warning classification data to perform security warning on the target charging station.

[0013] Optionally, the data acquisition module includes: a substation unit, a charging station unit, and a charging pile unit;

[0014] The substation unit is used to obtain real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation, obtain the rated output power of the substation, obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous n days through the historical working data of the substation, obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days through the historical working data of the substation, and define the rated output power of the substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation, the active power data of the substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days as substation data;

[0015] The charging station unit is used to obtain real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the charging station, obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, obtain the circuit harmonic content passing through the charging station through a harmonic detector, and the real-time current data, real-time voltage data, active power data, apparent power data, and circuit harmonic content of the obtained charging station are charging station data;

[0016] The charging pile unit is used to obtain the charging pile quantity data and the charging pile fault quantity data, obtain the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile using a smart meter, obtain the real-time charging power data of the charging pile using a power quality analyzer, obtain the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile through a temperature sensor, repeat the above process, respectively obtain the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile in the charging station, define the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile as the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, and obtain the charging pile data from the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile.

[0017] Optionally, the data analysis module includes: a power distribution analysis unit, a charging analysis unit, and a data sharing unit;

[0018] The power distribution analysis unit is used to analyze the power distribution station data to obtain the power distribution station load reference data;

[0019] The charging analysis unit is used to analyze the charging station data and the charging pile data to obtain the charging analysis data;

[0020] The data sharing unit is used to establish a data sharing group.

[0021] Optionally, the control and management module includes: an operating status monitoring unit and an operating status management unit;

[0022] The operating status monitoring unit is used to perform an abnormality judgment on the charging pile;

[0023] The operating status management unit is used to perform abnormality management on the charging pile.

[0024] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an Internet of Things-based charging station management method, including:

[0025] Obtain the charging station data of the target charging station, the power distribution station data of the power distribution station connected to the target charging station, and the charging pile data of the charging piles in the target charging station, obtain the basic management data based on the charging station data, the power distribution station data, and the charging pile data, and send the basic management data to the data analysis module;

[0026] Analyze the basic management data to obtain the power factor of the distribution substation and the power factor of the charging station, and obtain the rated output power data, real-time current data, and real-time voltage data of the distribution substation. Calculate the load reference data of the distribution substation based on the rated output power data, the real-time current data, the real-time voltage data, and the power factor of the distribution substation;

[0027] Calculate the charging analysis data based on the real-time output power data, the reference data of the charging pile failure rate, and the reference data of the charging efficiency of the charging pile. Obtain the analysis management data based on the load reference data and the charging analysis data, and construct an Internet of Things data sharing group based on the analysis management data;

[0028] According to the basic management data and the analysis management data in the data analysis module, calculate the reference data for judging charging anomalies based on the basic management data and the analysis management data. Calculate the reference threshold for judging charging anomalies and perform a threshold judgment on the reference value for judging charging anomalies to obtain charging anomaly data. Use the Internet of Things data sharing group and combine the charging anomaly data to manage and control the charging piles in the target charging station.

[0029] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0030] Obtain the distribution substation data, specifically as follows:

[0031] Obtain the real-time current data passing through the distribution substation through the first current sensor, and obtain the real-time voltage data passing through the distribution substation through the first voltage sensor;

[0032] Obtain the rated output power of the distribution substation. Obtain the active power data of the distribution substation in the previous n days through the historical working data of the distribution substation, and obtain the apparent power data of the distribution substation in the previous n days through the historical working data of the distribution substation;

[0033] Define the rated output power of the distribution substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data passing through the distribution substation, the active power data of the distribution substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the distribution substation in the previous n days as the distribution substation data;

[0034] Define the obtained distribution substation data, charging station data, and charging pile data as the basic management data;

[0035] Obtain the charging station data, specifically as follows:

[0036] Obtain the real-time current data passing through the charging station through the second current sensor, and obtain the real-time voltage data passing through the charging station through the second voltage sensor;

[0037] Obtain the active power data of the distribution substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, and obtain the apparent power data of the distribution substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station;

[0038] Obtain the circuit harmonic content passing through the charging station by a harmonic analyzer;

[0039] The obtained real-time current data, real-time voltage data, active power data, apparent power data, and circuit harmonic content of the charging station are charging station data;

[0040] Obtain charging pile data, specifically as follows:

[0041] Obtain the number of existing charging piles in the charging station to get the charging pile number data, and obtain the number data of faulty charging piles according to the historical working data of the charging piles;

[0042] Use an intelligent electricity meter to obtain the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, and use a power quality analyzer to obtain the real-time charging power data of the charging pile;

[0043] Obtain the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile through a temperature sensor;

[0044] Repeat the above process to obtain the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile in the charging station respectively. Define the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile as the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile respectively;

[0045] Obtain the charging pile data from the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile.

[0046] Optionally, the data acquisition module includes: a substation unit, a charging station unit, and a charging pile unit;

[0047] The substation unit is used to obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation, obtain the rated output power of the substation, obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous n days through the historical working data of the substation, obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days through the historical working data of the substation, and define the rated output power of the substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data passing through the substation, the active power data of the substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days as substation data;

[0048] The charging station unit is used to obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the charging station, obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, obtain the circuit harmonic content passing through the charging station through a harmonic analyzer, and the obtained real-time current data, real-time voltage data, active power data, apparent power data and circuit harmonic content of the charging station are charging station data;

[0049] The charging pile unit is used to obtain the charging pile quantity data and the charging pile failure quantity data, use a smart meter to obtain the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, use a power quality analyzer to obtain the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, obtain the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile through a temperature sensor, repeat the above process, and respectively obtain the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile in the charging station. The real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile are respectively defined as the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile. The charging pile data is obtained from the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile.

[0050] Optionally, the acquisition of the substation load reference value is as follows:

[0051] Obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation, the rated output power of the substation, the active power data of the substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days according to the basic management data;

[0052] Calculate the power factor of the substation by calculating the active power data of the substation in the previous n days and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days through the substation power factor calculation formula;

[0053] Calculate the substation load reference value by calculating the rated output power of the substation, the power factor of the substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation through the distribution load calculation formula;

[0054] Analyze the charging station data and the charging pile data to obtain the charging analysis data;

[0055] Define the substation load reference value and the charging analysis data as the analysis management data;

[0056] The data sharing unit establishes a data sharing group, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0057] Install wireless communication devices to the power distribution station, charging station, and charging pile respectively, establish an Internet of Things data sharing group with the power distribution station, charging station, and charging pile as data terminals, and realize data sharing of basic management data and analysis management data among the power distribution station terminal, charging station terminal, and charging pile terminal through the MQTT protocol.

[0058] Optionally, the method for abnormal judgment and management of the charging pile includes:

[0059] The specific steps for abnormal judgment of the charging pile are as follows:

[0060] The operating status unit obtains the power distribution station load reference value, charging station real-time output power value, charging pile failure rate reference value, and charging pile charging efficiency reference value in the analysis management data;

[0061] Calculate the power distribution station load reference value, charging station real-time output power value, charging pile failure rate reference value, and charging pile charging efficiency reference value to obtain a charging abnormal judgment reference value;

[0062] Obtain the power distribution station load standard value, charging station real-time output power standard data, charging pile charging efficiency standard value, and charging pile failure rate standard value;

[0063] Calculate the power distribution station load standard value, charging station real-time output power standard data, and charging pile charging efficiency standard value to obtain a charging abnormal judgment reference threshold;

[0064] Perform abnormal judgment on the charging pile according to the charging abnormal judgment reference value and the charging abnormal judgment reference threshold, specifically as follows:

[0065] When Zy > Zy1, it is judged that the charging station is in a normal working state at this time;

[0066] When Zy1 ≥ Zy, it is judged that the charging station is in an abnormal working state at this time;

[0067] Judge the charging abnormal judgment reference value according to the charging abnormal judgment reference threshold, and define the judgment result as charging abnormal data;

[0068] Manage and control the charging pile, specifically as follows:

[0069] For the charging station in the normal working state, the power distribution station terminal, charging station terminal, and charging pile terminal conduct data communication through the Internet of Things data sharing group, and the power distribution station, charging station, and charging pile work normally;

[0070] For the charging station in the abnormal working state, the charging station terminal obtains the charging station real-time output power value through the Internet of Things data sharing group, and compares the charging station real-time output power value with the charging station real-time output power value;

[0071] If the real-time charging power data of the charging pile is greater than the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging station adjusts the power factor to increase the real-time output power of the charging station;

[0072] If the real-time charging power data of the charging pile is less than the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging station adjusts the power factor to reduce the real-time output power.

[0073] Beneficial effects:

[0074] The Internet of Things-based charging station management system provided by the present invention adjusts the power factor of the charging station in real time according to the obtained real-time charging power of the charging pile and the output power of the charging station, fully ensuring the on-demand distribution of electric power resources and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the charging station; by establishing an Internet of Things data sharing group to timely feedback the working data among the charging station, the power supply station and the charging stations, effectively ensuring the power consumption safety and energy utilization efficiency of the charging station, and realizing the maximization of social and economic benefits. Description of the drawings

[0075] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the Internet of Things-based charging station management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the Internet of Things-based charging station management method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0077] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0078] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms such as "a" or "one" do not denote a quantity limitation, but mean that there is at least one. The terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to represent relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly.

[0079] Embodiment 1

[0080] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the present invention provides a technical solution: an Internet of Things-based charging station management system, including a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a control management module, and a security management module, and the data acquisition module, the data analysis module, the control management module, and the security management module are respectively connected to a server;

[0081] It further includes a database, and the data stored in the database includes substation historical working data, charging station historical working data, and charging pile historical working data;

[0082] The data acquisition module acquires basic management data;

[0083] The data acquisition module includes a substation unit, a charging station unit, and a charging pile unit. The substation unit acquires substation data, the charging station unit acquires charging station data, and the charging pile unit acquires charging pile data. The substation unit includes a first current sensor and a first voltage sensor. The charging station unit includes a second current sensor, a second voltage sensor, and a harmonic detector. The charging pile unit includes a smart meter, a temperature sensor, and a power quality analyzer;

[0084] The substation unit acquires substation data, specifically as follows:

[0085] The real-time current data passing through the substation is acquired through the first current sensor, and the real-time voltage data passing through the substation is acquired through the first voltage sensor;

[0086] The rated output power of the substation is acquired;

[0087] The active power data of the substation in the previous n days is acquired through the substation historical working data;

[0088] The apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days is acquired through the substation historical working data;

[0089] The substation data is comprehensively obtained from the rated output power of the substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data passing through the substation, the active power data of the substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days;

[0090] It should be noted here that:

[0091] The substation data acquired here are all the power data of the low-voltage side equipment of the substation;

[0092] The active power data is the power actually doing work in an AC circuit, and the apparent power data is the total power actually generated in an AC circuit, including the active power data and the reactive power;

[0093] The charging station unit acquires charging station data, specifically as follows:

[0094] Obtain the real-time current data passing through the charging station via the second current sensor, and obtain the real-time voltage data passing through the charging station via the second voltage sensor;

[0095] Obtain the active power data of the distribution substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station;

[0096] Obtain the apparent power data of the distribution substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station;

[0097] Obtain the circuit harmonic content passing through the charging station via the harmonic analyzer;

[0098] Obtain the charging station data based on the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the charging station, the active power data of the distribution substation in the previous m days, the apparent power data of the distribution substation in the previous m days, and the circuit harmonic content passing through the charging station;

[0099] It should be noted here that: the charging station data obtained here are all the power data of the equipment on the output side of the substation;

[0100] The charging pile unit obtains the charging pile data, specifically as follows:

[0101] Obtain the number of existing charging piles in the charging station to get the charging pile number data, and obtain the number data of faulty charging piles according to the historical working data of the charging piles;

[0102] Use a smart meter to obtain the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile;

[0103] Use a power quality analyzer to obtain the real-time charging power data of the charging pile;

[0104] Obtain the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile via the temperature sensor;

[0105] Repeat the above process to obtain the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile in the charging station respectively. Define the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile as the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile;

[0106] Obtain the charging pile data from the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile;

[0107] Define the obtained distribution substation data, charging station data, and charging pile data as basic management data;

[0108] The data acquisition module acquires basic management data and transmits it to the data analysis module, the control management module, and the security management module respectively;

[0109] It should be noted here that:

[0110] The data recorded in the historical work data of the substation, the historical work data of the charging station, and the historical work data of the charging pile are the power data generated by the work of the substation, the charging station, and the charging pile, including but not limited to apparent power, active power, and power failure records;

[0111] The data analysis module obtains analysis management data by analyzing the basic management data and establishes a data sharing group;

[0112] The data analysis module includes a power distribution analysis unit, a charging analysis unit, and a data sharing unit. The power distribution analysis unit analyzes the substation data to obtain the substation load reference value. The charging analysis unit analyzes the charging station data and the charging pile data to obtain the charging analysis data. The data sharing unit establishes a data sharing group to achieve data sharing. Among them, the data sharing unit includes wireless communication devices;

[0113] The power distribution analysis unit analyzes the substation data to obtain the substation load reference value, specifically as follows:

[0114] Obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation, the rated output power of the substation, the active power data of the substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days according to the basic management data;

[0115] Calculate the power factor of the substation by calculating the active power data of the substation in the previous n days and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days through the substation power factor calculation formula;

[0116] The specific configuration reference of the substation power factor calculation formula is:

[0117] Among them, Yp is the power factor of the substation, Wy1, Wy2, Wy3... Wyn are the active power data of the substation in the previous n days respectively, and Ws1, Ws2, Ws3... Wsn are the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days respectively;

[0118] Calculate the substation load reference value by calculating the rated output power of the substation, the power factor of the substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation through the power distribution load calculation formula;

[0119] The specific configuration reference of the power distribution load calculation formula is:

[0120] Among them, Pf is the reference value of the substation load, Yp is the power factor of the substation, Ip is the real-time current data of the substation, Vp is the real-time voltage data of the substation, and Ep is the rated output power of the substation;

[0121] The charging analysis unit analyzes the charging station data and charging pile data to obtain charging analysis data, specifically as follows:

[0122] Obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data passing through the charging station, the active power data of the substation in the previous m days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous m days according to the basic management data;

[0123] Calculate the power factor of the charging station by using the power factor calculation formula of the charging station for the active power data of the charging station in the previous m days and the apparent power data of the charging station in the previous m days;

[0124] The specific configuration reference of the power factor calculation formula of the charging station is as follows:

[0125] Among them, Yc is the power factor of the charging station, Wc1, Wc2, Wc3... Wcn are the active power data of the charging station in the previous m days respectively, and Wd1, Wd2, Wd3... Wdn are the apparent power data of the charging station in the previous m days respectively;

[0126] Calculate the real-time output power value of the charging station by using the real-time output power calculation formula with the power factor of the charging station, the real-time current data and the real-time voltage data of the charging station;

[0127] The specific configuration reference of the real-time output power calculation formula is: Gs = Ic * Iv * Yc;

[0128] Among them, Gs is the real-time output power value of the charging station, Ic is the real-time current data of the charging station, Vc is the real-time voltage data of the charging station, and Yc is the power factor of the charging station;

[0129] Obtain the charging pile quantity data and the faulty charging pile quantity data according to the basic management data;

[0130] Calculate the reference value of the charging pile failure rate by using the charging pile failure rate calculation formula with the charging pile quantity data and the faulty charging pile quantity data;

[0131] The specific configuration reference of the charging pile failure rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0132] Among them, Cg is the reference value of the charging pile failure rate, Cz is the faulty charging pile quantity data, and Cs is the charging pile quantity data;

[0133] Randomly obtain the real-time charging power data of j charging piles according to the basic management data;

[0134] Calculate the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile by calculating the real-time output power value of the charging station and the real-time charging power data of j charging piles through the charging efficiency calculation formula;

[0135] The specific configuration reference of the charging efficiency calculation formula is as follows:

[0136] Among them, Xc is the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile, Wz1, Wz2, Wz3... Wzj are the real-time charging power data of j charging piles, j is the number of randomly obtained charging piles, Gs is the real-time output power value of the charging station, and a1 is a set proportionality coefficient and a1 > 0;

[0137] Obtain the charging analysis data by synthesizing the reference value of the load of the comprehensive substation, the real-time output power value of the charging station, the reference value of the failure rate of the charging pile, and the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile;

[0138] Define the reference value of the substation load and the charging analysis data as the analysis management data,

[0139] The data analysis module obtains the analysis management data and delivers the analysis management data to the control management module and the security management module respectively;

[0140] The data sharing unit establishes a data sharing group, specifically as follows:

[0141] Install wireless communication devices to the substation, charging station, and charging pile respectively, establish an Internet of Things data sharing group with the substation, charging station, and charging pile as data terminals, and realize data sharing of basic management data and analysis management data among the substation terminal, charging station terminal, and charging pile terminal through the MQTT protocol;

[0142] It should be noted here that:

[0143] MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight message transmission protocol mainly used for communication between Internet of Things devices. It adopts the publish / subscribe mode and realizes message transmission and distribution through an intermediate broker (Broker);

[0144] The wireless communication devices involved here include but are not limited to wireless modules, wireless gateways, and wireless terminal devices;

[0145] The control management module monitors and manages the operation status of the charging station;

[0146] The control management module includes an operation status unit and a management control unit. The operation status unit judges the abnormality of the charging station to obtain charging abnormality data, and the management control unit manages and controls the charging pile according to the charging abnormality data;

[0147] The operating status unit makes an abnormality judgment on the charging pile, which is as follows:

[0148] The operating status unit obtains the load reference value of the substation, the real-time output power value of the charging station, the failure rate reference value of the charging pile, and the charging efficiency reference value of the charging pile according to the analysis management data;

[0149] The load reference value of the substation, the real-time output power value of the charging station, the failure rate reference value of the charging pile, and the charging efficiency reference value of the charging pile are calculated through the charging abnormality reference value calculation formula to obtain the charging abnormality judgment reference value;

[0150] The specific configuration reference for the specific charging abnormality reference value calculation formula is as follows:

[0151] Among them, Zy is the charging abnormality judgment reference value, Pf is the load reference value of the substation, Gs is the real-time output power value of the charging station, Cg is the failure rate reference value of the charging pile, Xc is the charging efficiency reference value of the charging pile, and b1 is a set proportionality coefficient and b1>0;

[0152] Obtain the load standard value of the substation, the real-time output power standard data of the charging station, the charging efficiency standard value of the charging pile, and the failure rate standard value of the charging pile;

[0153] It should be noted here that: the load standard value of the substation, the real-time output power standard data of the charging station, and the charging efficiency standard value of the charging pile are all the standard data designed during the construction of the substation, the charging station, and the charging pile. The failure rate standard value of the charging pile takes the all-normal state of the charging pile, and the failure rate standard value of the charging pile is parameter-assigned with 0, so it is not substituted into the formula for calculation;

[0154] The load standard value of the substation, the real-time output power standard data of the charging station, and the charging efficiency standard value of the charging pile are calculated through the charging abnormality reference threshold calculation formula to obtain the charging abnormality judgment reference threshold;

[0155] The specific configuration reference for the charging abnormality reference threshold calculation formula is as follows:

[0156] Among them, Zy1 is the charging abnormality judgment reference threshold, Pf1 is the load standard value of the substation, Gs1 is the real-time output power standard data of the charging station, Xc1 is the charging efficiency standard value of the charging pile, and b1 is a set proportionality coefficient and b1>0;

[0157] It should be noted here that the standard load value of the distribution substation, the standard real-time output power data of the charging station, and the standard charging efficiency value of the charging pile are all the standard data designed during the construction of the distribution substation, charging station, and charging pile. The standard failure rate value of the charging pile is taken under the condition that all charging piles are in normal state, and the standard failure rate value of the charging pile is parameter-assigned with 0, so it is not substituted into the formula for calculation;

[0158] The charging pile abnormality is judged according to the charging abnormality judgment reference value and the charging abnormality judgment threshold, as follows:

[0159] When Zy > Zy1, it is judged that the charging station is in normal working state at this time;

[0160] When Zy1 ≥ Zy, it is judged that the charging station is in abnormal working state at this time;

[0161] The charging abnormality judgment reference value is judged according to the charging abnormality judgment threshold, and the judgment result is defined as the charging abnormality data;

[0162] The management and control unit manages and controls the charging pile according to the charging abnormality data, as follows:

[0163] For the charging station in normal working state, the distribution substation terminal, the charging station terminal, and the charging pile terminal conduct data communication through the Internet of Things data sharing group, and the distribution substation, charging station, and charging pile work normally;

[0164] For the charging station in abnormal working state, the charging station terminal obtains the real-time output power value of the charging station through the Internet of Things data sharing group, and compares the real-time output power value of the charging station with the real-time output power value of the charging station;

[0165] If the real-time charging power data of the charging pile is greater than the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging station improves the real-time output power of the charging station by adjusting the power factor;

[0166] If the real-time charging power data of the charging pile is less than the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging station reduces the real-time output power by adjusting the power factor;

[0167] It should be noted here that the real-time charging power data of the charging pile here is the real-time charging power data of the charging pile with the maximum real-time charging power among the charging piles in the working state;

[0168] The safety management module conducts safety monitoring of the charging station and formulates early warning strategies;

[0169] The safety management module includes an early warning data unit and a safety management unit. The early warning data unit obtains safety early warning classification data through calculation, and the safety management unit conducts safety early warning according to the safety early warning classification data. The safety early warning unit includes an early warning fault lamp;

[0170] The early warning data unit calculates the safety early warning classification data, which is specifically as follows:

[0171] Obtain the circuit harmonic content of the charging station, the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile according to the basic management data;

[0172] Obtain the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile according to the analysis management data;

[0173] Calculate the safety early warning reference value of the charging pile through the safety early warning calculation formula with the circuit harmonic content of the charging station, the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, and the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile;

[0174] The specific configuration reference of the safety early warning calculation formula is:

[0175] Among them, Ay is the safety early warning reference value of the charging pile, Xb is the circuit harmonic content of the charging station, Wd is the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, Sc is the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, Xc is the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile, and c1 is a set proportionality coefficient and c1>0;

[0176] Obtain the circuit conventional harmonic content, the standard working temperature data of the charging pile, the daily conventional working duration data of the charging pile, and the standard working efficiency data of the charging pile;

[0177] Calculate the safety early warning reference threshold of the charging pile through the safety early warning threshold calculation formula with the obtained circuit conventional harmonic content, the standard working temperature data of the charging pile, the daily conventional working duration of the charging pile, and the standard working efficiency data of the charging pile;

[0178] The specific configuration reference of the safety early warning threshold calculation formula is:

[0179] Among them, Ay1 is the safety early warning reference threshold of the charging pile, Xb1 is the circuit conventional harmonic content, Wd1 is the standard working temperature data of the charging pile, Sc1 is the daily conventional working duration data of the charging pile, Xc1 is the standard working efficiency data of the charging pile, and c1 is a set proportionality coefficient and c1>0;

[0180] Judge the safety early warning reference value of the charging pile according to the safety early warning reference threshold of the charging pile, and define the judgment result as the safety early warning classification data, which is specifically as follows:

[0181] When Ay1≥Ay, judge that the charging pile is in the normal working grade;

[0182] When Ay>Ay1, judge that the charging pile is in the safety early warning grade;

[0183] Obtain safety warning classification data based on the judgment results of the charging pile safety warning reference value and the charging pile safety warning reference threshold;

[0184] The safety management unit conducts safety warnings according to the safety warning classification data, specifically as follows:

[0185] For charging piles in the normal working level, the charging pile terminal feeds back the information that its working state is normal through the Internet of Things data sharing group. The charging pile terminal and the substation terminal receive the information fed back by the charging pile terminal and work normally;

[0186] For charging piles in the safety warning level, the warning fault light flashes. The charging pile terminal feeds back the information that it is in the safety warning working state through the Internet of Things data sharing group. The charging station stops delivering current to the charging piles in the safety warning level, and the substation reduces the real-time output power by adjusting the power factor;

[0187] In this application, if there are corresponding calculation formulas, the above calculation formulas are all dimensionless and take their numerical values for calculation. The weight coefficients, proportionality coefficients and other coefficients in the formulas are set to obtain a result value by quantifying each parameter. Regarding the magnitudes of the weight coefficients and proportionality coefficients, as long as the proportional relationship between the parameters and the result value is not affected, it is fine.

[0188] Embodiment 2

[0189] Based on another concept of the same invention, a charging station management method based on the Internet of Things is proposed, including the following steps:

[0190] Step S1: Obtain basic management data;

[0191] Step S11: Obtain substation data, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0192] Step S111: Obtain the real-time current data passing through the substation through the first current sensor, and obtain the real-time voltage data passing through the substation through the first voltage sensor;

[0193] Step S112: Obtain the rated output power of the substation. Obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous n days through the substation historical working data, and obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days through the substation historical working data;

[0194] Step S113: Define the rated output power of the substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data passing through the substation, the active power data of the substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days as substation data;

[0195] Step S12: Obtain charging station data, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0196] Step S121: Obtain the real-time current data passing through the charging station via the second current sensor, and obtain the real-time voltage data passing through the charging station via the second voltage sensor;

[0197] Step S122: Obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, and obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station;

[0198] Step S123: Obtain the harmonic content of the circuit passing through the charging station via the harmonic analyzer;

[0199] Step S124: Obtain the charging station data based on the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the charging station, the active power data of the substation in the previous m days, the apparent power data of the substation in the previous m days, and the harmonic content of the circuit passing through the charging station;

[0200] Step S13: Obtain the charging pile data, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0201] Step S131: Obtain the number of existing charging piles in the charging station to get the charging pile quantity data, and obtain the number of faulty charging piles data according to the historical working data of the charging piles;

[0202] Step S132: Use the smart meter to obtain the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, and use the power quality analyzer to obtain the real-time charging power data of the charging pile;

[0203] Step S133: Obtain the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile via the temperature sensor;

[0204] Step S134: Repeat the above process to obtain the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile in the charging station respectively. Define the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile as the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile;

[0205] Step S135: Obtain the charging pile data from the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile;

[0206] Step S14: Define the obtained substation data, charging station data, and charging pile data as the basic management data;

[0207] Step S2: Analyze the basic management data to obtain the analysis management data;

[0208] Step S21: Analyze the substation data to obtain the substation load reference value, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0209] Step S211: Obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the distribution substation, the rated output power of the distribution substation, the active power data of the distribution substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the distribution substation in the previous n days according to the basic management data;

[0210] Step S212: Calculate the power factor of the distribution substation by using the power factor calculation formula of the distribution substation for the active power data of the distribution substation in the previous n days and the apparent power data of the distribution substation in the previous n days;

[0211] Step S213: Calculate the load reference value of the distribution substation by using the distribution load calculation formula for the rated output power of the distribution substation, the power factor of the distribution substation, the real-time current data and the real-time voltage data of the distribution substation;

[0212] Step S22: Analyze the charging station data and charging pile data to obtain charging analysis data. The specific steps are as follows:

[0213] Step S221: Obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data passing through the charging station, the active power data of the distribution substation in the previous m days, and the apparent power data of the distribution substation in the previous m days according to the basic management data;

[0214] Step S222: Calculate the power factor of the charging station by using the power factor calculation formula of the charging station for the active power data of the charging station in the previous m days and the apparent power data of the charging station in the previous m days;

[0215] Step S223: Calculate the real-time output power value of the charging station by using the real-time output power calculation formula for the power factor of the charging station, the real-time current data and the real-time voltage data of the charging station;

[0216] Step S224: Obtain the charging pile quantity data and the faulty charging pile quantity data according to the basic management data;

[0217] Step S225: Calculate the reference value of the charging pile failure rate by using the charging pile failure rate calculation formula for the charging pile quantity data and the faulty charging pile quantity data;

[0218] Step S226: Randomly obtain the real-time charging power data of j charging piles according to the basic management data;

[0219] Step S227: Calculate the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile by using the charging efficiency calculation formula for the real-time output power value of the charging station and the real-time charging power data of j charging piles;

[0220] Step S228: Obtain the charging analysis data by integrating the load reference value of the distribution substation, the real-time output power value of the charging station, the reference value of the charging pile failure rate, and the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile;

[0221] Step S23: Define the substation load reference value and the charging analysis data as analysis management data;

[0222] Step S24: Establish a data sharing group, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0223] Step S241: Install wireless communication devices to the substation, charging station, and charging pile respectively, and use the substation, charging station, and charging pile as data terminals to establish an IoT data sharing group, and realize the data sharing of basic management data and analysis management data between the substation terminal, charging station terminal, and charging pile terminal through the MQTT protocol;

[0224] Step S3: Monitor the operating status of the charging station and perform management control;

[0225] Step S31: Judge the abnormality of the charging pile, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0226] Step S311: The operating status unit obtains the substation load reference value, the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging pile failure rate reference value, and the charging pile charging efficiency reference value according to the analysis management data;

[0227] Step S312: Calculate the charging abnormality judgment reference value by using the charging abnormality reference value calculation formula with the substation load reference value, the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging pile failure rate reference value, and the charging pile charging efficiency reference value;

[0228] Step S313: Obtain the substation load standard value, the real-time output power standard data of the charging station, the charging pile charging efficiency standard value, and the charging pile failure rate standard value;

[0229] Step S314: Calculate the charging abnormality judgment reference threshold by using the charging abnormality reference threshold calculation formula with the substation load standard value, the real-time output power standard data of the charging station, and the charging pile charging efficiency standard value;

[0230] Step S315: Judge the abnormality of the charging pile according to the charging abnormality judgment reference value and the charging abnormality judgment reference threshold, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0231] When Zy > Zy1, it is judged that the charging station is in a normal working state at this time;

[0232] When Zy1 ≥ Zy, it is judged that the charging station is in an abnormal working state at this time;

[0233] Step S316: Judge the charging abnormality judgment reference value according to the charging abnormality judgment reference threshold, and define the judgment result as charging abnormality data;

[0234] Step S32: Manage and control the charging pile according to the charging anomaly data. The specific steps are as follows:

[0235] Step S321: For the charging station in the normal working state, the distribution station terminal, the charging station terminal, and the charging pile terminal conduct data communication through the Internet of Things data sharing group, and the distribution station, the charging station, and the charging pile work normally.

[0236] Step S322: For the charging station in the abnormal working state, the charging station terminal obtains the real-time output power value of the charging station through the Internet of Things data sharing group, and compares the real-time output power value of the charging station with the real-time output power value of the charging station.

[0237] Step S3221: If the real-time charging power data of the charging pile is greater than the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging station increases the real-time output power of the charging station by adjusting the power factor.

[0238] Step S3222: If the real-time charging power data of the charging pile is less than the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging station reduces the real-time output power by adjusting the power factor.

[0239] Step S4: Conduct safety monitoring of the charging station and formulate a warning strategy.

[0240] Step S41: Calculate the safety warning classification data. The specific steps are as follows:

[0241] Step S411: Obtain the circuit harmonic content, the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile according to the basic management data.

[0242] Step S412: Obtain the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile according to the analysis management data, and calculate the reference value of the charging pile safety warning through the safety warning calculation formula with the circuit harmonic content, the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, and the reference value of the charging efficiency of the charging pile.

[0243] Step S413: Obtain the conventional harmonic content of the circuit, the standard working temperature data of the charging pile, the daily conventional working duration data of the charging pile, and the standard working efficiency data of the charging pile.

[0244] Step S414: Calculate the reference threshold of the charging pile safety warning through the safety warning threshold calculation formula with the obtained conventional harmonic content of the circuit, the standard working temperature data of the charging pile, the daily conventional working duration of the charging pile, and the standard working efficiency data of the charging pile.

[0245] Step S415: Judge the reference value of the charging pile safety warning according to the reference threshold of the charging pile safety warning, and define the judgment result as the safety warning classification data, which is specifically as follows:

[0246] When Ay1≥Ay, it is determined that the charging pile is in the normal working level;

[0247] When Ay>Ay1, it is determined that the charging pile is in the safety warning level;

[0248] Step S416: Obtain safety warning classification data from the judgment results based on the safety warning reference value and the safety warning reference threshold of the charging pile;

[0249] Step S42: Conduct safety warnings according to the safety warning classification data. The specific steps are as follows:

[0250] Step S421: For the charging piles in the normal working level, the charging pile terminal feeds back the information that its working state is normal through the Internet of Things data sharing group. The charging pile terminal and the substation terminal receive the information fed back by the charging pile terminal and carry out normal work;

[0251] Step S422: For the charging piles in the safety warning level, the warning fault light flashes. The charging pile terminal feeds back the information that it is in the safety warning working state through the Internet of Things data sharing group. The charging station stops supplying current to the charging piles in the safety warning level, and the substation reduces the real-time output power by adjusting the power factor.

[0252] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make many modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative labor. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention on the basis of the prior art should be within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. An Internet of Things-based charging station management system, characterized in that, Including: A data acquisition module, configured to acquire the charging station data of the target charging station, the substation data of the substation connected to the target charging station, and the charging pile data of the charging piles in the target charging station, obtain the basic management data based on the charging station data, the substation data, and the charging pile data, and send the basic management data to the data analysis module; A data analysis module, configured to analyze the received basic management data to obtain the substation power factor and the charging station power factor, and acquire the rated output power data, the real-time current data, and the real-time voltage data of the substation, and calculate the load reference data of the substation based on the rated output power data, the real-time current data, the real-time voltage data, and the substation power factor; The data analysis module is further configured to calculate the charging analysis data by acquiring the real-time output power data of the charging station, the charging pile failure rate reference data, and the charging pile charging efficiency reference data, and obtain the analysis management data based on the load reference data and the charging analysis data, and construct an Internet of Things data sharing group based on the analysis management data; A control management module, configured to read the basic management data in the data acquisition module and the analysis management data in the data analysis module, calculate the charging anomaly judgment reference data based on the basic management data and the analysis management data, calculate the charging anomaly judgment reference threshold to perform a threshold judgment on the charging anomaly judgment reference value, obtain the charging anomaly data, and use the Internet of Things data sharing group and combine the charging anomaly data to manage and control the charging piles in the target charging station.

2. The charging station management system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, wherein, The system further includes: a safety management module; The safety management module is configured to acquire the basic management data in the data acquisition module and the analysis management data in the data analysis module, and calculate the charging pile safety warning reference data according to the basic management data and the analysis management data; It is further configured to acquire the charging pile safety warning reference threshold, and perform a threshold judgment on the charging pile safety warning reference threshold and the charging pile safety warning reference data to obtain the safety warning classification data, and use the Internet of Things data sharing group to combine the safety warning classification data to perform safety warning on the target charging station.

3. The charging station management system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that The data acquisition module includes: a substation unit, a charging station unit, and a charging pile unit; The substation unit is configured to acquire the real-time current data and the real-time voltage data of the substation, acquire the rated output power of the substation, acquire the active power data of the substation in the previous n days through the substation historical working data, acquire the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days through the substation historical working data, and define the rated output power of the substation, the real-time current data and the real-time voltage data of the substation, the active power data of the substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days as the substation data; The charging station unit is used to obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the charging station, obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, obtain the circuit harmonic content passing through the charging station through a harmonic analyzer, and the obtained real-time current data, real-time voltage data, active power data, apparent power data, and circuit harmonic content of the charging station are the charging station data; The charging pile unit is used to obtain the charging pile quantity data and the charging pile failure quantity data, use an intelligent electricity meter to obtain the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, use a power quality analyzer to obtain the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, obtain the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile through a temperature sensor, repeat the above process, and respectively obtain the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile in the charging station. Define the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile as the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, and obtain the charging pile data from the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile.

4. The charging station management system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data analysis module includes: a power distribution analysis unit, a charging analysis unit, and a data sharing unit; The power distribution analysis unit is used to analyze the substation data to obtain the substation load reference data; The charging analysis unit is used to analyze the charging station data and the charging pile data to obtain the charging analysis data; The data sharing unit is used to establish a data sharing group.

5. The charging station management system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that The control and management module includes: an operating status monitoring unit and an operating status management unit; The operating status monitoring unit is used to perform abnormal judgment on the charging pile; The operating status management unit is used to perform abnormal management on the charging pile.

6. A charging station management method based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the charging station data of the target charging station, the substation data of the substation connected to the target charging station, and the charging pile data of the charging piles in the target charging station, obtain the basic management data based on the charging station data, the substation data, and the charging pile data, and send the basic management data to the data analysis module; Analyze the basic management data to obtain the power factor of the substation and the power factor of the charging station, and obtain the rated output power data, real-time current data, and real-time voltage data of the substation. Calculate the substation load reference data based on the rated output power data, the real-time current data, the real-time voltage data, and the substation power factor; Calculate the charging analysis data based on the real-time output power data, the charging pile failure rate reference data, and the charging pile charging efficiency reference data, obtain the analysis management data based on the load reference data and the charging analysis data, and construct an Internet of Things data sharing group based on the analysis management data; Based on the basic management data and the analysis management data in the data analysis module, calculate the charging anomaly judgment reference data based on the basic management data and the analysis management data, calculate the charging anomaly judgment reference threshold, perform threshold judgment on the charging anomaly judgment reference value to obtain the charging anomaly data, and use the Internet of Things data sharing group and combine the charging anomaly data to manage and control the charging piles in the target charging station.

7. The management method of the charging station based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the substation data, specifically as follows: Obtain the real-time current data passing through the substation through the first current sensor, and obtain the real-time voltage data passing through the substation through the first voltage sensor; Obtain the rated output power of the substation, obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous n days through the historical working data of the substation, and obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days through the historical working data of the substation; Define the rated output power of the substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data passing through the substation, the active power data of the substation in the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation in the previous n days as the substation data; Define the obtained substation data, charging station data, and charging pile data as the basic management data; Obtain the charging station data, specifically as follows: Obtain the real-time current data passing through the charging station through the second current sensor, and obtain the real-time voltage data passing through the charging station through the second voltage sensor; Obtain the active power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station, and obtain the apparent power data of the substation in the previous m days through the historical working data of the charging station; Obtain the circuit harmonic content passing through the charging station through the harmonic analyzer; The obtained real-time current data, real-time voltage data, active power data, apparent power data, and circuit harmonic content of the charging station are the charging station data; Obtain the charging pile data, specifically as follows: Obtain the number of existing charging piles in the charging station to obtain the charging pile number data, and obtain the faulty charging pile number data according to the historical working data of the charging pile; Use the smart meter to obtain the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, and use the power quality analyzer to obtain the real-time charging power data of the charging pile; Obtain the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile through the temperature sensor; Repeat the above process to obtain the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile in the charging station respectively. Define the real-time working temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile as the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile respectively; Obtain the charging pile data from the real-time working temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile.

8. The method for managing a charging station based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that The data acquisition module includes: a substation unit, a charging station unit, and a charging pile unit; The substation unit is used to obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation, obtain the rated output power of the substation, obtain the active power data of the substation for the previous n days through the historical operation data of the substation, obtain the apparent power data of the substation for the previous n days through the historical operation data of the substation, and define the rated output power of the substation, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation, the active power data of the substation for the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation for the previous n days as substation data; The charging station unit is used to obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the charging station, obtain the active power data of the substation for the previous m days through the historical operation data of the charging station, obtain the apparent power data of the substation for the previous m days through the historical operation data of the charging station, obtain the circuit harmonic content passing through the charging station through a harmonic analyzer, and the obtained real-time current data, real-time voltage data, active power data, apparent power data, and circuit harmonic content of the charging station are charging station data; The charging pile unit is used to obtain the charging pile quantity data and the charging pile failure quantity data, use a smart meter to obtain the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile, use a power quality analyzer to obtain the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and obtain the real-time operating temperature data of the charging pile through a temperature sensor. Repeat the above process to obtain the real-time operating temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile in the charging station respectively, and define the real-time operating temperature data, real-time charging power data, and daily cumulative charging duration data of each charging pile as the real-time operating temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile respectively. The charging pile data is obtained from the real-time operating temperature data of the charging pile, the real-time charging power data of the charging pile, and the daily cumulative charging duration data of the charging pile.

9. The method for managing a charging station based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, wherein, The specific process of obtaining the substation load reference value is as follows: Obtain the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation, the rated output power of the substation, the active power data of the substation for the previous n days, and the apparent power data of the substation for the previous n days according to the basic management data; Calculate the substation power factor by calculating the active power data of the substation for the previous n days and the apparent power data of the substation for the previous n days through the substation power factor calculation formula; Calculate the substation load reference value by calculating the rated output power of the substation, the substation power factor, the real-time current data and real-time voltage data of the substation through the distribution load calculation formula; Analyze the charging station data and the charging pile data to obtain the charging analysis data; Define the substation load reference value and the charging analysis data as the analysis management data; The data sharing unit establishes a data sharing group, and the specific steps are as follows: Install wireless communication devices to the substation, the charging station, and the charging pile respectively, establish an Internet of Things data sharing group with the substation, the charging station, and the charging pile as data terminals, and realize the data sharing of the basic management data and the analysis management data between the substation terminal, the charging station terminal, and the charging pile terminal through the MQTT protocol.

10. The method for managing a charging station based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for abnormal judgment and abnormal management of the charging pile includes: Perform abnormal judgment on the charging pile, and the specific steps are as follows: The operation status unit obtains the substation load reference value, the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging pile failure rate reference value, and the charging pile charging efficiency reference value in the analysis management data; Calculate the substation load reference value, the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging pile failure rate reference value, and the charging pile charging efficiency reference value to obtain the charging abnormal judgment reference value; Obtain the substation load standard value, the real-time output power standard data of the charging station, the charging pile charging efficiency standard value, and the charging pile failure rate standard value; Calculate the substation load standard value, the real-time output power standard data of the charging station, and the charging pile charging efficiency standard value to obtain the charging abnormal judgment reference threshold; Perform abnormal judgment on the charging pile according to the charging abnormal judgment reference value and the charging abnormal judgment reference threshold, specifically as follows: When Zy > Zy1, it is judged that the charging station is in a normal working state at this time; When Zy1 ≥ Zy, it is judged that the charging station is in an abnormal working state at this time; Judge the charging abnormal judgment reference value according to the charging abnormal judgment reference threshold, and define the judgment result as the charging abnormal data; Manage and control the charging pile, specifically as follows: For the charging station in the normal working state, the substation terminal, the charging station terminal, and the charging pile terminal perform data communication through the Internet of Things data sharing group, and the substation, the charging station, and the charging pile work normally; For the charging station in the abnormal working state, the charging station terminal obtains the real-time output power value of the charging station through the Internet of Things data sharing group, and compares the real-time output power value of the charging station with the real-time output power value of the charging station; If the real-time charging power data of the charging pile is greater than the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging station improves the real-time output power of the charging station by adjusting the power factor; If the real-time charging power data of the charging pile is less than the real-time output power value of the charging station, the charging station reduces the real-time output power by adjusting the power factor.

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