Water ecology restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input

Abstract

The invention discloses a water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input, which comprises the following steps of: checking a water body pollution source, arranging monitoring points on site after the pollution source is determined, and calculating a pollution treatment area; pollution primary treatment measures are subdivided according to site conditions; carrying out emergency pollution treatment; the water quality is rapidly improved; and establishing a knowledge graph, rolling case data, an emergency scheme, an ecological processing scheme and a final result. According to the method, pollution source checking, primary pollution treatment, emergency pollution treatment, ecological treatment and water ecology long-term maintenance measures are taken, two types of pollution treatment of bottom mud and water are integrated, a complete sudden pollution ecological treatment technology with high pertinence is established, a water ecology complete food chain of aquatic plants, animals, benthic organisms and microorganisms is established, and the water ecology of the aquatic plants, the animals, the benthic organisms and the microorganisms is improved. The water ecological system is enriched, the damaged natural water ecological system is restored, the biological diversity of the system is improved, and the effects of continuously improving the water quality, keeping the ecological effect for a long time and stabilizing the ecological system can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment protection, and in particular relates to a water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input. Background Art

[0002] Sudden pollution input events refer to the situation where, due to human factors, natural water bodies such as rivers and lakes receive external pollution sources and spread into natural water bodies, causing serious deterioration of water quality and great damage to water ecology. With the continuous advancement of pipeline construction projects in my country, the phenomenon of direct discharge into water bodies has been gradually reduced. Sudden pollution input mainly refers to the problem that some pipelines are damaged due to the lack of long-term effective operation and maintenance after construction. In addition, some urban surface runoff is collected through rainwater pipe networks. At the beginning of rainfall, a large amount of surface debris, leachate and other pollutants are mixed and enter natural water bodies through rainwater pipe networks, affecting the safety and health of the water environment. As important components of the water ecosystem, rivers, waterways and lakes are extremely vulnerable to various types of sudden environmental pollution events. These sudden pollution inputs often change the physical, chemical and biological properties of water bodies, destroy the balance of water ecosystems, and threaten water ecological security.

[0003] As an important part of the aquatic ecosystem, sediment plays a special role in sudden pollution incidents. On the one hand, sediment can absorb some pollutants and buffer the degree of water pollution to a certain extent; on the other hand, when the water environment changes, the pollutants adsorbed in the sediment may be released back into the water, becoming a secondary pollution source, further aggravating the deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem. The restoration of sediment pollution is difficult, and traditional restoration methods are difficult to effectively deal with sediment pollution caused by sudden pollution.

[0004] At present, there are many technical means for the restoration of aquatic ecosystems and sediments, but the existing technologies have many limitations when dealing with sudden pollution inputs. Physical restoration methods, such as mechanical dredging, can quickly remove some sediment pollutants, but the project volume is large, the cost is high, and it is easy to cause secondary disturbances to the ecological environment of the water body and destroy the benthic habitat. Chemical restoration methods, such as adding chemical agents to promote the decomposition or precipitation of pollutants, may introduce new chemicals, bring potential ecological risks, and it is difficult to fundamentally restore the self-regulating function of the aquatic ecosystem. Bioremediation technology, including the use of aquatic plants, microorganisms, etc. to purify water bodies and sediments, effectively purifies water bodies through the adsorption, interception, and decomposition of microorganisms, plants, and fillers. Compared with physical and chemical methods, it is more environmentally friendly, reduces ecological damage, and is more suitable for river management. However, bioremediation technology also has some problems in the face of sudden pollution inputs, specifically:

[0005] (1)Insufficient emergency response capabilities. Commonly used plant varieties and fillers are generally selected for sudden pollution incidents without targeted screening, resulting in the death of plants and microorganisms that cannot adapt to the growth environment. Especially for sudden industrial pollution containing complex pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter, it may directly inhibit the activity of microorganisms or cause plant death. Besides removing toxic substances, the physical and chemical properties of water bodies (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc.) are also the main factors affecting biological activity. Especially in northern regions, the degradation efficiency of microorganisms significantly decreases in winter, prolonging the restoration cycle;

[0006] (2)Limited ability to treat the combined pollution of sediment and water body. For specific pollution, if the duration is relatively short, in the actual treatment process, the pollution repair in water is often the main focus, and the pollution problems in sediment are rarely concerned. After pollutants settle into the sediment, under the condition of changes in the physical and chemical properties of the water body, these pollutants in the sediment will be released into the water again, becoming the pollution source of the water body and having an adverse impact on the water ecosystem;

[0007] (3)Difficulties in reconstructing the ecological chain. Sudden pollution often leads to the death of zooplankton and benthic organisms, resulting in a sharp drop in biodiversity. Relying solely on microbial or plant restoration is difficult to quickly reconstruct a complete food chain, and it is necessary to artificially introduce animals such as fish and snails to assist in jointly building a complete water ecosystem;

[0008] (4)Contradiction in environmental adaptability. After typhoons in summer and an increase in the upstream water inflow, it poses a threat to the function of the downstream ecosystem. Improving the anti-wave ability of the system in extreme weather and extreme situations plays an important role in ensuring the long-term operation of the system.

[0009] Based on this, the present invention creates a water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input. Through the collaborative treatment of sediment and water body, an efficient, rapid, and environmentally friendly water ecological restoration technology is developed to achieve the rapid construction and long-term maintenance of the ecological system. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input.

[0011] In order to achieve the above purpose and reach the above technical effects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0012] A water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Conduct a survey of water pollution sources. After determining the pollution source, set up monitoring points on-site, determine the critical monitoring points, and calculate the pollution treatment area;

[0014] S2. Subdivide the preliminary pollution treatment measures according to the on-site situation;

[0015] S3. Conduct emergency pollution treatment;

[0016] S4. Utilize the water ecological restoration system for sudden pollution input to rapidly improve water quality;

[0017] S5: Establish a knowledge graph, and roll out case data, emergency plans, ecological treatment plans and final results.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S1, when conducting a water pollution source investigation, after determining the pollution source, arranging monitoring points on-site, determining critical monitoring points, and calculating the pollution treatment area, the steps include:

[0019] Conduct a water pollution source investigation, obtain the map and pipe network map around the water body, the water flow direction and velocity, and historical monitoring data, clarify the pollution investigation scope and key targets, conduct a carpet-style inspection of sewage outlets along the water flow direction, after determining the pollution source, arrange monitoring points on-site, with the sewage outlet as the center, and present a fan-shaped / circular layout in three directions: along the water flow direction, downwind direction, and perpendicular to the water flow, monitor the water quality of the sewage outlet, set a monitoring point at a certain distance in three directions within a certain range of the sewage outlet, record the information, and analyze the water sample indicators in a timely manner; through the improved Kriging interpolation algorithm, in three directions, when the water quality difference between the current and the previous two monitoring points is less than 20%, this monitoring point is identified as a critical monitoring point, and the fan-shaped / circular area covered by the three critical monitoring points is calculated as the pollution treatment area.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, for the determined point source pollution, such as problems like pipeline breakage and pipelines not connected to the pipe network, conduct pollution treatment through steps S3 and S4, and cooperate with trenchless repair technology to repair, replace pipelines, or connect pipelines to the pipe network to solve pollution from the source; for the determined non-point source pollution, conduct pollution treatment through step S4.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S3, the steps for conducting emergency pollution treatment include:

[0022] If the sediment pollution under the sewage outlet is serious, use dredging to remove the sediment pollution. If the sediment pollution is not serious, put microbial inoculants around the sewage outlet for emergency water body repair to accelerate the water ecological restoration process. After adding the microbial inoculants, establish a database of the efficacy of the medicaments in a timely manner, record the dosing parameters, and obtain the water quality data every two days after dosing to establish a two-dimensional pollutant distribution cloud map.

[0023] Furthermore, the microbial inoculant is a mixture of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal bacterial agents. The setting of the mass ratio of the bacterial agents needs to be comprehensively considered in terms of sewage source, pollutant concentration, bacterial species function, water quality, and water temperature for proportioning:

[0024] For water quality with COD:TN:TP > 100:5:1, the ratio of COD-degrading bacteria: ammonia-nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total-nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total-phosphorus-degrading bacteria = (4 - 5):(2 - 2.5):(1.5 - 2):(1 - 1.5);

[0025] When water quality has COD:TN:TP < 100:5:1, the ratio of composite biological carbon source: COD-degrading bacteria: ammonia-nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total-nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total-phosphorus-degrading bacteria = (1 - 3):(4 - 5):(2 - 2.5):(2.5 - 3):(1 - 1.5);

[0026] For water temperature < 0°C, the proportion of low-temperature-resistant bacterial agents in various types of bacterial agents is more than 50%;

[0027] For water temperature > 0°C, low-temperature-resistant bacterial agents may not be added;

[0028] The total dosage of bacterial agents is calculated according to the following formula:

[0029] Q = (C t - C0) * S * h * K

[0030] where Q is the dosage of bacterial agents, g; C t , C0 are the pollutant concentrations of the original water sample at the sewage outlet and the natural water body respectively, mg / L; S is the pollution treatment area, m 2 ; h is the water body height, m; K is the degradation efficiency of the bacterial agent.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S4, the water ecological restoration system for coping with sudden pollution input includes a purification and landscaping module, a diverse system construction module, and a water quality maintenance module arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Water quality detection probes are respectively arranged in the purification and landscaping module and the diverse system module. The water quality detection probes are connected to the client. The water quality maintenance module is in contact with the bottom mud. Sewage flows through the purification and landscaping module, the diverse system construction module, and the water quality maintenance module in sequence for rapid water quality improvement, and then is discharged into the natural water body.

[0032] Furthermore, the purification and landscaping module includes a core purification area and an emergency interception area arranged in sequence from inside to outside. The bottoms of the core purification area and the emergency interception area are on the same horizontal line and are connected at connection point Ⅰ. The length and width of the emergency interception area are both 20 - 100 cm longer than the length and width of the core purification area. The emergency interception area extends 10 - 50 cm outward on each side compared to the core purification area. The emergency interception area floats on the water surface. There are U-shaped lifting hooks at connection point Ⅰ. There are a total of four U-shaped lifting hooks, respectively at the positions of the four connection points Ⅰ. There is a soft water pipe around the U-shaped lifting hook. Water injection holes are opened on the soft water pipe. By filling water into the water injection holes, the weight of the water ecological restoration system is adjusted to maintain the stability of the system.

[0033] Furthermore, the core purification area is in a frame structure, with aquatic plants and fillers arranged therein. In the area Ⅰ, which is 0 - 20 cm away from the top of the core purification area, it is the aquatic plant area. Directly below the aquatic plant area is the filler area. The aquatic plants are planted on the fillers. The aquatic plants and fillers are selected according to the water sample measurement results. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is domestic sewage, one or a combination of two of reed and cattail is selected as the aquatic plant, and one or several of zeolite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock are selected as the filler. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is industrial sewage, plants with strong heavy metal pollution adsorption ability are selected as the aquatic plants, and two or more of activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, and ceramsite are selected as the filler. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is surface runoff, two or more of cattail, calamus, and loosestrife are selected as the aquatic plants, and two or more of gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, and activated carbon are selected as the filler. The calculation formula for the planting quantity of aquatic plants is:

[0034] Q1 = V * (C0 - Ct) * D / K

[0035] Q = max(Q1, Q2, Q3......, Qn)

[0036] Wherein, V is the volume of the treated water, in L; C0 is the initial concentration of one of the pollution indicators, in mg / L; Ct is the target concentration of one of the pollution indicators, in mg / L; K is the average absorption amount of nitrogen and phosphorus by several aquatic plants, in mg / m 2 ; D is the planting density of aquatic plants, which is 10 - 25 plants / m 2 ; Q1, Q2, Q3, Qn are the maximum planting quantities of aquatic plants under one of the pollution indicators, in plants; Q is the maximum planting quantity of aquatic plants, in plants.

[0037] Furthermore, submerged plants, fish, and benthic organisms are arranged in the diverse system construction module. There is 20 - 30 cm of planting soil under the submerged plants. The planting density of the submerged plants is selected as 15 - 25 clusters / m 2 , and the release density of benthic animals is 70 - 130 g / m 2 . Hooks are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the diverse system module. The hooks are connected to the towing ropes. The diverse system module is connected to the water quality maintenance module below through the towing ropes. The length of the towing ropes ≥ (water depth - 50 cm). The water quality maintenance module is placed on the polluted sediment through the towing ropes.

[0038] Further, the water quality maintenance module includes a surface layer, a middle layer, and a bottom layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The surface layer is polyester fiber cotton, the middle layer is a slow-release adsorption material, which includes a mixed microbial agent and a filler. The mixed microbial agent is a mixture of nitrifying bacteria, bacillus, and yeast, and the filler is a mixture of shale ceramsite, zeolite, and calcite. The shale ceramsite, zeolite, calcite, and the mixed microbial agent are put in according to a certain mass ratio. The bottom layer is coconut fiber. Submerged plants are planted on the water quality maintenance module, and the plant planting density is 10 - 15 clusters / m 2 .

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] Through measures such as pollution source investigation, preliminary pollution treatment, emergency pollution treatment, ecological governance, and long-term maintenance of the water ecosystem, the present invention comprehensively treats two types of pollution, namely sediment and water body, and establishes a complete set of highly targeted ecological governance technologies for sudden pollution. Based on the actual water environment characteristics, a complete food chain of aquatic plants, animals, benthic organisms, and microorganisms is established in the water ecosystem, making full use of the space under the sewage outlet, optimizing the living environment of various organisms in terms of space, creating a rich biological community structure, enriching the water ecosystem, restoring the damaged natural water ecosystem, improving the biodiversity of the system, and achieving the effects of continuous water quality improvement, long-term maintenance of ecological effects, and stability of the ecological system.

[0041] The present invention first establishes a food chain with a three-dimensional biodiversity abundance, restores the problem of water body damage under sudden pollution input, ensures the continuous stability of the ecological system, and maintains the continuous stable compliance of the ecological environment.

[0042] According to the water flow rate, wind wave size, etc., and combined with the stability performance of the system, the present invention optimizes the ecological structure of the system from the structure. By adding a buoyancy adjustment system inside the system, it can effectively resist typhoons and large waves, improve the system's response ability under natural disasters, and increase the service life of the system.

[0043] The present invention can track the treatment effect in real time, dynamically adjust with ecological technologies, establish the core technology of "treatment - monitoring - optimization" closed-loop management, and improve the system's continuous self-renewal, self-optimization, and full-process guarantee capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 is the sampling layout diagram of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of a rapid repair device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 is of the present invention Figure 2 A - A sectional view;

[0047] Figure 4 Explosion diagram of a rapid repair device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 Top view of a rapid repair device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 Schematic structural diagram of a frame-type metal interception net of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 Schematic structural diagram of a water quality maintenance module of the present invention;

[0051] Wherein, 1, sewage outlet; 2, monitoring point; 3, water ecological restoration system for coping with sudden pollution input; 4, floating block; 5, frame-type metal interception net; 6, metal interception net; 7, emergency interception area; 8, core purification area; 9, area Ⅰ; 10, area Ⅱ; 11, hole; 12, buoyancy adjustment system; 13, connection point Ⅰ; 14, U-shaped lifting hook; 15, purification and landscaping module; 16, diverse system construction module; 17, water quality maintenance module; 18, filler area; 19, aquatic plant; 20, filler; 21, submerged plant; 22, fish; 23, benthos; 24, hook; 25, towing rope; 26, surface layer; 27, middle layer; 28, bottom layer; 29, solar panel; 30, storage battery; 31, water quality monitoring probe. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] The present invention will be elaborated in detail below so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0053] The following gives a brief overview of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This overview is not an exhaustive survey of all contemplated aspects, and is neither intended to identify key or decisive elements of all aspects nor to attempt to define the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description to follow.

[0054] As Figures 1-7 shown, a water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. Conduct a search for water pollution sources, obtain maps of the area around the water body, pipe network maps, hydrological data such as the flow direction and velocity of the water body, and historical monitoring data, clarify the scope of pollution search and key targets, conduct a carpet - like inspection of the sewage outfall 1 along the water flow direction. After determining the pollution source, arrange spectral monitoring points on - site. With the sewage outfall 1 as the center, in three directions: along the water flow direction, downwind direction, and perpendicular to the water flow, set up points in a fan - shaped / circular pattern around. Monitor the water quality of the sewage outfall. Set up a monitoring point 2 at regular intervals in the three directions. Record relevant information (location, longitude and latitude, water depth, etc.), and promptly analyze indicators such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, and dissolved oxygen of the water samples. Through the improved Kriging interpolation algorithm, in the three directions, when the water quality difference between two adjacent monitoring points 2 is less than a preset value (such as 20%), this monitoring point is identified as a critical monitoring point, and the fan - shaped / circular area covered by the three critical monitoring points is calculated as the pollution treatment area S;

[0056] S2. Develop preliminary treatment measures, and subdivide the preliminary treatment measures according to the on - site situation:

[0057] For the identified point - source pollution, such as pipeline leakage and disconnection problems that cause direct pollution discharge into the water body, give priority to using steps S3 - S4 for pollution treatment, and cooperate with trenchless repair technology for pipeline repair, replacement, or pipeline connection to the pipe network to solve the pollution problem from the source;

[0058] For the identified non - point - source pollution, including the confluence of urban rainwater and sewage pipe networks, conduct pollution treatment through step S4;

[0059] S3. Conduct emergency pollution treatment:

[0060] If the sediment pollution at the bottom of the sewage outfall is serious, use dredging to remove the sediment pollution. If the sediment pollution is not serious, put microbial inoculants around the sewage outfall. This microbial inoculant is a mixture of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal inoculants, which is used for emergency water body repair and accelerating the process of water body ecological restoration. The setting of the mass ratio of the inoculants needs to be comprehensively considered in terms of sewage source, pollutant concentration, strain function, water quality, and water temperature for proportioning:

[0061] For water quality with COD:TN:TP > 100:5:1, the ratio of COD - degrading bacteria:ammonia - nitrogen - degrading bacteria:total - nitrogen - degrading bacteria:total - phosphorus - degrading bacteria=(4 - 5):(2 - 2.5):(1.5 - 2):(1 - 1.5);

[0062] When the water quality is COD:TN:TP < 100:5:1, the ratio of composite biological carbon source:COD - degrading bacteria:ammonia - nitrogen - degrading bacteria:total - nitrogen - degrading bacteria:total - phosphorus - degrading bacteria=(1 - 3):(4 - 5):(2 - 2.5):(2.5 - 3):(1 - 1.5);

[0063] For water temperature < 0°C, the proportion of low-temperature resistant bacterial agents in various types of bacterial agents is more than 50%. For water temperature greater than 0°C, low-temperature resistant bacterial agents can be not added;

[0064] The total dosage of bacterial agents is calculated according to the following formula:

[0065] Q = (C t - C0) * S * h * K

[0066] where Q is the dosage of bacterial agents, g; C t , C0 are the pollutant concentrations of the original water sample at the sewage outlet and the natural water body respectively, mg / L; S is the pollution control area, m 2 ; h is the water body height, m; K is the degradation efficiency of the bacterial agent;

[0067] After the bacterial agents are added, a database of the drug efficacy is established in a timely manner to record the dosing parameters. The water quality data is obtained every two days after dosing using a handheld spectral device, and a two-dimensional pollutant distribution cloud map is established;

[0068] S4. Ecological restoration: The water quality is rapidly improved through the water ecological restoration system 3 for dealing with sudden pollution input;

[0069] The water ecological restoration system 3 for dealing with sudden pollution input is of an integrally formed design. The upper 20 cm of the system is of a double-layer structure. The inner layer is the core purification area 7, and the outer layer is the emergency interception area 8. The bottoms of the core purification area 7 and the emergency interception area 8 are on the same horizontal line, and they are connected at the connection point Ⅰ13. The core purification area 7 and the part below 20 cm of the system are in the same vertical direction, that is, the core purification area 7 and the part below 20 cm of the system are of an integrated cuboid structure. The upper 20 cm is evenly arranged with holes 11 for water permeability, and there are no holes in the lower 20 cm. The length and width of the emergency interception area 8 are both 20 - 100 cm longer than the length and width of the core purification area 7, that is, the emergency interception area 8 extends 10 - 50 cm outward on each side compared with the core purification area 7, which is specifically determined according to the sewage outlet water volume, sewage persistence, wind speed and water flow speed. The emergency interception area 8 floats on the water surface, so its material is a floating material such as PVC, etc.;

[0070] The working mechanism of the water ecological restoration system 3 for coping with sudden pollution input is as follows: The water ecological restoration system 3 for coping with sudden pollution input includes three modules, namely, a purification and landscaping module 15, a diverse system construction module 16, and a water quality maintenance module 17, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Among them, the height of the diverse system construction module 16 is 30 - 40 cm, and the water quality maintenance module 17 is in contact with the bottom mud. To improve the system's resistance to wind and waves, a buoyancy adjustment system 12 is designed. The buoyancy of the system is ensured by the outer floating blocks 4. At the same time, for some areas with large water volume, water waves, and wind waves, where the buoyancy of the system is large and unstable, the buoyancy adjustment is achieved as follows: At the connection point Ⅰ13, a U-shaped lifting hook 14 is fixedly installed. There are multiple U-shaped lifting hooks 14. There is a circle of soft water pipes on the U-shaped lifting hook 14, and there is a water injection hole that can be opened and closed on the soft water pipe. By pouring an appropriate amount of water into the water injection hole, the weight of the system is adjusted to maintain the stability of the system under adverse conditions such as wind and waves. The purification and landscaping module 15 includes a core purification area 7 and an emergency interception area 8 arranged in sequence from inside to outside, that is, the inner layer is the core purification area 7, and the outer layer is the emergency interception area 8. The emergency interception is a frame-type metal interception net 5, which is placed in the emergency interception area 8 and is slightly smaller in size than the outer structure emergency interception area 8 to ensure that it can be taken out freely, so as to achieve free replacement. An emergency conditioning package configured according to a weight ratio of 1 - 2:2 - 3:1 of activated carbon, zeolite, and volcanic rock is placed in the emergency interception area 8. The core purification area 7 includes aquatic plants 19 and fillers 20. The core purification area 7 is a frame structure and is fixed in the core purification area by means of a U-shaped structure extending from its upper edge and erected inside the internal structure. The top 0 - 20 cm of the four surfaces (front, back, left, and right) of the purification and landscaping module is a metal interception net 6, and the 20 - 50 cm is a sealed plastic structure. The bottom material of the core purification area is a metal interception net. In the area Ⅰ9, which is 0 - 20 cm from the top of the core purification area, is the aquatic plant area. The area directly below the aquatic plant area (0 - 30 cm away) is the filler area. The aquatic plants 19 are planted on the fillers 20. The aquatic plants 19 and fillers 20 are selected according to the water sample measurement results. Seven common aquatic plants are established. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is domestic sewage, the aquatic plants 19 are selected as reed and cattail, and the fillers 20 are selected as zeolite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is industrial sewage, the aquatic plants 19 are selected as plants with strong heavy metal pollution adsorption ability, such as two or more of vetiver, houttuynia cordata, bulrush, calamus, reed, etc., and the fillers 20 are selected as two or more of activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, and ceramsite. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is surface runoff, the aquatic plants 19 are selected as two or more of cattail, calamus, and loosestrife, and the fillers 20 are selected as two or more of gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, and activated carbon. A plant configuration optimization model is established. The calculation formula for the planting quantity of aquatic plants is:

[0071] Q1 = V*(C0 - Ct)*D / K

[0072] Q = max(Q1, Q2, Q3......, Qn)

[0073] Wherein, V is the volume of treated water, in L; C0 is the initial concentration of one of the pollution indicators, in mg / L; Ct is the target concentration of one of the pollution indicators, in mg / L; K is the average absorption amount of nitrogen and phosphorus by several aquatic plants, in mg / m 2 ; D is the planting density of aquatic plants, which is 10 - 25 plants / m 2 ; Q1, Q2, Q3, Qn are the maximum planting numbers of aquatic plants under one of the pollution indicators, in plants; Q is the maximum planting number of aquatic plants, in plants;

[0074] After the sewage passes through the purification and landscaping module 15, it flows out from the metal intercepting net below the purification and landscaping module 15 to the diverse system module 16. The diverse system construction module 16 includes submerged plants 21, fish 22, and benthic organisms 23. Area II 10 is the submerged plant area, and the planting area of submerged plants accounts for 40% - 60% of the system floor area. There is 20 - 30 cm of planting soil under the submerged plants 21. The submerged plants 21 are preferably two or more of Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton malaianus, Myriophyllum verticillatum, etc. The planting density of submerged plants is selected as 15 - 25 clusters / m 2 , the fish are preferably two or more of filter-feeding fish silver carp and bighead carp, carnivorous fish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Channa argus, and herbivorous fish Megalobrama amblycephala. The stocking density of silver carp and bighead carp is 30 - 55 g / m 2 , the stocking density of Channa argus is 2 - 8 g / m 2 , the stocking density of Megalobrama amblycephala is 10 - 25 g / m 2 , the benthic animals 23 are a combination of two or more of Anodonta woodiana, Bellamya aeruginosa, and Corbicula fluminea, and the stocking density is 70 - 130 g / m 2 , after passing through the diverse system module 16, the effluent flows out from the pipeline below the diverse system module 16 into the natural water body;

[0075] There are four hooks 24 at the four corners at the bottom of the diverse system module 16. The hooks 24 are connected to the towing rope 25, and are connected to the water quality maintenance module 17 below through the towing rope 25. The length of the towing rope 25 should not be less than (water depth - 50 cm). The water quality maintenance module 17 is placed on the polluted sediment through the towing rope 25. The towing rope 25 can ensure that the water quality maintenance module 17 can be placed on the sediment at any time according to the distance between the diverse system and the sediment. The material of the surface layer 26 of the water quality maintenance module 17 is polyester fiber cotton, the material of the middle layer 27 is a slow-release adsorption material, and the material of the bottom layer 28 is coconut fiber. The slow-release adsorption material is a filler system mixed with microbial agents. The fillers here are preferably shale ceramsite, zeolite, and calcite. The mixed microbial agents are nitrifying bacteria: bacillus: yeast = 2:1:1. The shale ceramsite, zeolite, calcite, and mixed microbial agents are put in according to the ratio of 2:1:2:0.05 (mass ratio). A row of planting holes are dug on the water quality maintenance module 17 for planting submerged plants 21 (two of several kinds such as Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton pectinatus, etc.). The plant planting density is 10 - 15 clusters / m 2 , as a measure for the emergency treatment of natural water bodies, to prevent the release of sediment pollution and affect the water quality of natural water bodies;

[0076] There are 2 water quality detection probes 31 in the purification and landscaping module 15. One is located in the emergency interception area 8, and the other is located in the diverse system module 16. There are a storage battery 30 and a solar panel 29 on both sides of the emergency interception area 8 for supplying power to the water quality monitoring probe equipment. The real-time information of the probe data is transmitted to the client for real-time control of the water quality situation;

[0077] In actual operation, the ecological restoration technology uses data such as the density, initial concentration, daily concentration, target concentration, type, and restoration cycle of the ecological treatment unit to form an ecological treatment case dataset.

[0078] S5: According to the multi-dimensional data generated in steps S1 - S4, establish a knowledge graph, roll the case data, emergency plans, ecological treatment plans, and final results to achieve knowledge storage and visualization. The purpose of this step is to use fragmented ecological governance parameters to systematically integrate them into a knowledge graph with spatio-temporal annotation, domain semantics, and causal association, providing structured knowledge support for subsequent optimized water environment improvement plans. Existing graph construction methods can be used to achieve knowledge storage and visualization, which will not be elaborated here.

[0079] Example 1

[0080] As Figures 1-7 shown, a water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input includes the following steps:

[0081] S1. Conduct a survey of water pollution sources, obtain maps of the area around the water body, pipeline network maps, hydrological data such as the flow direction and velocity of the water body, and historical monitoring data. Define the scope of pollution investigation and key targets, and conduct a carpet - like inspection of the sewage outfalls along the water flow direction. After determining the pollution source, arrange spectral monitoring points on - site. Taking sewage outfall 1 as the center, in three directions: along the water flow direction, the down - wind direction, and perpendicular to the water flow, distribute points in a fan - shaped / circular pattern around. Monitor the water quality of the sewage outfall. Set up a monitoring point 2 every 10 m in three directions within 50 m of the sewage outfall, with a total of 15 points. Outside the 50 - m range of the sewage outfall, set up a monitoring point 2 every 50 m in three directions. Record relevant information (location, longitude and latitude, water depth, etc.), and promptly analyze indicators such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, and dissolved oxygen of the water samples. Through the improved Kriging interpolation algorithm, in three directions, when the water quality difference between two adjacent monitoring points 2 is less than 20%, the monitoring point is identified as a critical monitoring point. Calculate the fan - shaped / circular area covered by the three critical monitoring points as the pollution treatment area S.

[0082] S2. Develop preliminary treatment measures and subdivide the preliminary treatment measures according to the on - site situation:

[0083] For the identified point - source pollution, such as pipeline leakage and misconnection problems that cause pollution to be directly discharged into the water body, preferentially adopt steps S3 - S4 for pollution treatment, and cooperate with trenchless repair technology for pipeline repair, replacement, or pipeline connection to the pipeline network to solve the pollution problem from the source.

[0084] For the identified non - point - source pollution, including the confluence of urban rainwater and sewage pipe networks, conduct pollution treatment through step S4.

[0085] S3. Conduct emergency pollution treatment:

[0086] If the sediment pollution at the bottom of the sewage outfall is severe, use dredging to remove the sediment pollution. If the sediment pollution is not severe, put microbial agents around the sewage outfall. The microbial agent is a mixture of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal agents, which is used for emergency water body restoration and accelerates the process of water body ecological restoration. The setting of the mass ratio of the agents needs to be comprehensively considered in terms of sewage source, pollutant concentration, strain function, water quality, and water temperature: For water quality with COD:TN:TP > 100:5:1, the ratio of COD - degrading bacteria:ammonia - nitrogen - degrading bacteria:total - nitrogen - degrading bacteria:total - phosphorus - degrading bacteria = 4:2:2:1; when COD:TN:TP < 100:5:1, the ratio of composite biological carbon source:COD - degrading bacteria:ammonia - nitrogen - degrading bacteria:total - nitrogen - degrading bacteria:total - phosphorus - degrading bacteria = 1:4:2:3:1. For water temperature < 0℃, the proportion of low - temperature - tolerant agents in various types of agents is more than 50%. For water temperature > 0℃, low - temperature - tolerant agents can be not added. The total dosage of the agent is calculated according to the following formula:

[0087] Q=(C t-C0)*S*h*K

[0088] Among them, Q is the dosage of the microbial agent, in g; C t , C0 are the pollutant concentrations of the original water sample at the sewage outlet and the natural water body respectively, in mg / L; S is the pollution treatment area, in m 2 ; h is the water body height, in m; K is the degradation efficiency of the microbial agent;

[0089] After adding the microbial agent, promptly establish a database of the drug efficacy, record the dosing parameters, use a handheld spectroscopic device to obtain the water quality data every two days after dosing, and establish a two-dimensional pollutant distribution cloud map;

[0090] S4. Conduct ecological restoration: Achieve rapid water quality improvement through the water ecological restoration system 3 for coping with sudden pollution input;

[0091] The water ecological restoration system 3 for coping with sudden pollution input is of an integrally formed design. The upper 20 cm of the system is of a double-layer structure. The inner layer is the core purification area 7, and the outer layer is the emergency interception area 8. The bottoms of the core purification area 7 and the emergency interception area 8 are on the same horizontal line, and the two are connected at the connection point Ⅰ13. The core purification area 7 and the part below 20 cm of the system are in the same vertical direction, that is, the core purification area 7 and the part below 20 cm of the system are of an integrated cuboid structure. The upper 20 cm is evenly arranged with holes 11 for water penetration, and there are no holes in the lower 20 cm. The length and width of the emergency interception area 8 are both 50 cm longer than the length and width of the core purification area 7, that is, the emergency interception area 8 extends 40 cm outward on each side compared with the core purification area 7, and is specifically determined according to the sewage discharge volume at the sewage outlet, the sewage persistence, as well as the wind speed and water flow speed. The emergency interception area 8 floats on the water surface, so its material is floating PVC material;

[0092] The working mechanism of the water ecological restoration system 3 for coping with sudden pollution input is as follows: The water ecological restoration system 3 for coping with sudden pollution input includes three modules, namely, a purification and landscaping module 15, a diverse system construction module 16, and a water quality maintenance module 17, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Among them, the height of the purification and landscaping module 15 is 20 cm, the height of the diverse system construction module 16 is 30 cm, and the water quality maintenance module 17 is in contact with the bottom mud. To improve the anti-wave ability of the system, a buoyancy adjustment system 12 is designed. The buoyancy of the system is ensured by the outer floating blocks 4. At the same time, for some areas with large water volume, water waves, and wind waves, where the buoyancy of the system is large and unstable, the buoyancy adjustment is achieved as follows: At the connection point I 13, a U-shaped lifting hook 14 is fixedly provided. There are a total of four U-shaped lifting hooks 14, which are respectively located at the positions of the four connection points I 13. There is a soft water pipe on the U-shaped lifting hook 14, and there is a water injection hole that can be opened and closed on the soft water pipe. By pouring an appropriate amount of water into the water injection hole, the weight of the system is adjusted to maintain the stability of the system under adverse conditions such as wind and waves. The purification and landscaping module 15 includes a core purification area 7 and an emergency interception area 8 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, that is, the inner layer is the core purification area 7, and the outer layer is the emergency interception area 8. The emergency interception is a frame-type metal interception net 5, which is placed in the emergency interception area 8 and is slightly smaller than the outer structure emergency interception area 8 in size to ensure that it can be taken out freely, so as to achieve free replacement. An emergency conditioning package configured according to a weight ratio of 1:2:1 of activated carbon, zeolite, and volcanic rock is placed in the emergency interception area 8. The core purification area 7 includes aquatic plants 19 and fillers 20. The core purification area 7 is a frame-type structure and is fixed in the core purification area by a U-shaped structure extending from its upper edge and erected inside the internal structure. The top 0-20 cm of the four surfaces (front, back, left, and right) of the purification and landscaping module is a metal interception net 6, and the 20-50 cm is a sealed plastic structure. The bottom material of the core purification area is a metal interception net. In the area I 9 at a distance of 0-20 cm from the top of the core purification area is the aquatic plant area, and directly below the aquatic plant area (at a distance of 0-30 cm) is the filler area. The aquatic plants 19 are planted on the fillers 20. The aquatic plants 19 and fillers 20 are selected according to the water sample measurement results. Seven common aquatic plants are established. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is domestic sewage, the aquatic plants 19 are selected as reed and cattail, and the fillers 20 are selected as zeolite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock; if the sewage source at the sewage outlet is industrial sewage, the aquatic plants 19 are selected as plants with strong heavy metal pollution adsorption ability, such as two or more of vetiver, houttuynia cordata, bulrush, calamus, reed, etc., and the fillers 20 are selected as two or more of activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, and ceramsite; if the sewage source at the sewage outlet is surface runoff, the aquatic plants 19 are selected as two or more of cattail, calamus, and loosestrife, and the fillers 20 are selected as two or more of gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, and activated carbon; A plant configuration optimization model is established, and the calculation formula for the planting quantity of aquatic plants is:

[0093] Q1 = V * (C0 - Ct) * D / K

[0094] Q = max(Q1, Q2, Q3......, Qn)

[0095] Wherein, V is the volume of treated water, in L; C0 is the initial concentration of one of the pollution indicators, in mg / L; Ct is the target concentration of one of the pollution indicators, in mg / L; K is the average absorption amount of nitrogen and phosphorus by several aquatic plants, in mg / m 2 ; D is the planting density of aquatic plants, which is 15 plants / m 2 ; Q1, Q2, Q3, Qn are the maximum planting quantities of aquatic plants under one of the pollution indicators, in plants; Q is the maximum planting quantity of aquatic plants, in plants;

[0096] After the sewage passes through the purification and landscaping module 15, it flows out from the metal interception net below the purification and landscaping module 15 to the diverse system module 16. The diverse system construction module 16 includes submerged plants 21, fish 22, and benthic organisms 23. Area II 10 is the submerged plant area, and the planting area of submerged plants accounts for 50% of the system floor area. There is 30 cm of planting soil under the submerged plants 21. The submerged plants 21 are preferably two or more of Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton malaianus, Myriophyllum verticillatum, etc. The planting density of submerged plants is selected as 15 clusters / m 2 , the fish are preferably two or more of filter-feeding fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis, carnivorous fish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Channa argus, and herbivorous fish Megalobrama amblycephala. The stocking density of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis is 30 g / m 2 , the stocking density of Channa argus is 2 g / m 2 , the stocking density of Megalobrama amblycephala is 10 g / m 2 , the benthic animals 23 are a combination of two or more of Anodonta woodiana, Bellamya aeruginosa, and Corbicula fluminea, and the stocking density is 70 g / m 2 , after passing through the diverse system module 16, the effluent flows out from the pipeline below the diverse system module 16 into the natural water body;

[0097] There are four hooks 24 at the four corners at the bottom of the diverse system module 16. The hooks 24 are connected to the towing rope 25, and are connected to the water quality maintenance module 17 below through the towing rope 25. The length of the towing rope 25 should be no less than (water depth - 50 cm). The water quality maintenance module 17 is placed on the polluted sediment through the towing rope 25. The towing rope 25 can ensure that the water quality maintenance module 17 can be placed on the sediment at any time according to the distance between the diverse system and the sediment. The surface layer 26 of the water quality maintenance module 17 is made of polyester fiber cotton, the middle layer 27 is made of a slow-release adsorption material, and the bottom layer 28 is made of coconut fiber. The slow-release adsorption material is a filler system mixed with microbial agents. The fillers here are preferably shale ceramsite, zeolite, and calcite. The mixed microbial agents are a mixture of nitrifying bacteria: bacillus: yeast = 2:1:1. The shale ceramsite, zeolite, calcite, and mixed microbial agents are put in according to the ratio of 2:1:2:0.05 (mass ratio). A row of planting holes is dug on the water quality maintenance module 17 for planting submerged plants 21 (two of several kinds such as Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton pectinatus, etc.). The plant planting density is 10 clusters / m 2 , as a measure for the emergency treatment of natural water bodies, to prevent the release of sediment pollution and affect the water quality of natural water bodies;

[0098] There are 2 water quality detection probes 31 in the purification and landscaping module 15. One is located in the emergency interception area 8, and the other is located in the diverse system module 16. There are a storage battery 30 and a solar panel 29 on both sides of the emergency interception area 8 for supplying power to the water quality monitoring probe equipment. The real-time information of the probe data is transmitted to the client for real-time control of the water quality situation;

[0099] In actual operation, the ecological restoration technology uses data such as the density, initial concentration, daily concentration, target concentration, type, and restoration cycle of ecological treatment units to form an ecological treatment case dataset.

[0100] S5: According to the multi-dimensional data generated in steps S1 - S4, establish a knowledge graph, roll the case data, emergency plans, ecological treatment plans, and final results to achieve knowledge storage and visualization. The purpose of this step is to use fragmented ecological governance parameters to systematically integrate them into a knowledge graph with spatio-temporal annotation, domain semantics, and causal associations, providing structured knowledge support for subsequent optimized water environment improvement plans. Existing graph construction methods can be used to achieve knowledge storage and visualization, which will not be elaborated here.

[0101] For parts or structures not specifically described in the present invention, existing technologies or existing products can be adopted, which will not be elaborated here.

[0102] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and thus do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Conduct a water pollution source investigation. After determining the pollution source, arrange monitoring points on-site, determine the critical monitoring points, and calculate the pollution treatment area; S2. Subdivide the preliminary pollution treatment measures according to the on-site situation; S3. Conduct emergency pollution treatment; S4. Utilize the water ecological restoration system for coping with sudden pollution input to rapidly improve water quality; S5: Establish a knowledge graph, and roll out case data, emergency plans, ecological treatment plans, and final results.

2. The water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the steps of conducting a water pollution source investigation, arranging monitoring points on-site, determining the critical monitoring points, and calculating the pollution treatment area after determining the pollution source include: Conduct a water pollution source investigation, obtain the map and pipe network map around the water body, water flow direction and velocity, and historical monitoring data, clarify the pollution investigation scope and key targets, conduct a carpet-style inspection of the sewage outlets along the water flow direction, and after determining the pollution source, arrange monitoring points on-site. Taking the sewage outlet as the center, along the water flow direction, downwind direction, and 3 directions perpendicular to the water flow, conduct fan-shaped / circular layout around, monitor the water quality of the sewage outlet, set a monitoring point at a certain distance in 3 directions within a certain range of the sewage outlet, record the information, and analyze the water sample indicators in time; Through the improved Kriging interpolation algorithm, in 3 directions, when the water quality difference between the current and the previous two monitoring points is less than 20%, this monitoring point is identified as the critical monitoring point, and the fan-shaped / circular area covered by 3 critical monitoring points is calculated as the pollution treatment area.

3. The water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, for the determined point source pollution, conduct pollution treatment through steps S3 and S4, and cooperate with the trenchless repair technology to repair, replace the pipeline, or connect the pipeline to the pipe network to solve the pollution from the source; For the determined non-point source pollution, conduct pollution treatment through step S4.

4. A water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the steps of conducting emergency pollution treatment include: If the bottom mud pollution under the sewage outlet is serious, use dredging to remove the bottom mud pollution. If the bottom mud pollution is not serious, put microbial agents around the sewage outlet for emergency water body repair to accelerate the water ecological restoration process. After adding the microbial agents, establish a drug efficacy database in time, record the dosing parameters, and obtain the water quality data every two days after dosing to establish a two-dimensional pollutant distribution cloud map.

5. The water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microbial agent adopts a mixture of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal agents. The setting of the mass ratio of the agents needs to be comprehensively considered in terms of sewage source, pollutant concentration, strain function, water quality situation, and water temperature situation for proportioning: For water quality with COD:TN:TP>100:5:1, according to COD degrading bacteria: ammonia nitrogen degrading bacteria: total nitrogen degrading bacteria: total phosphorus degrading bacteria=(4-5):(2-2.5):(1.5-2):(1-1.5); When the water quality is COD:TN:TP<100:5:1, according to composite biological carbon source: COD degrading bacteria: ammonia nitrogen degrading bacteria: total nitrogen degrading bacteria: total phosphorus degrading bacteria=(1-3):(4-5):(2-2.5):(2.5-3):(1-1.5); For water temperature <0°C, the proportion of low-temperature-resistant agents in various types of agents is more than 50%; For water temperature greater than 0°C, low-temperature-resistant agents may not be added; The total dosage of the microbial agent is calculated according to the following formula: Q = (C t - C0) * S * h * K Among them, Q is the dosage of the microbial agent, g; C t , C0 are the pollutant concentrations of the original water sample at the sewage outlet and the natural water body respectively, mg / L; S is the pollution treatment area, m 2 ; h is the water body height, m; K is the degradation efficiency of the microbial agent.

6. The water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the water ecological restoration system for coping with sudden pollution input includes a purification and landscaping module, a diverse system construction module, and a water quality maintenance module arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Water quality detection probes are respectively arranged in the purification and landscaping module and the diverse system module. The water quality detection probes are connected to the client. The water quality maintenance module is in contact with the sediment. Sewage flows through the purification and landscaping module, the diverse system construction module, and the water quality maintenance module in sequence to rapidly improve the water quality, and then is discharged into the natural water body.

7. The water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input according to claim 6, characterized in that, The purification and landscaping module includes a core purification area and an emergency interception area arranged in sequence from inside to outside. The bottoms of the core purification area and the emergency interception area are on the same horizontal line and are connected at connection point Ⅰ. The length and width of the emergency interception area are both 20 - 100 cm longer than the length and width of the core purification area. The emergency interception area extends 10 - 50 cm outward on each side compared to the core purification area. The emergency interception area floats on the water surface. A U-shaped lifting hook is arranged at connection point Ⅰ. There are a total of four U-shaped lifting hooks, respectively at the positions of the four connection points Ⅰ. There is a soft water pipe around the U-shaped lifting hook, and water injection holes are opened on the soft water pipe. By filling water into the water injection holes, the weight of the water ecological restoration system is adjusted to maintain the stability of the system.

8. A water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input according to claim 7, characterized in that, The core purification area is a frame structure. Aquatic plants and fillers are arranged in the core purification area. In area Ⅰ, which is 0 - 20 cm away from the top of the core purification area, it is the aquatic plant area. The filler area is directly below the aquatic plant area. The aquatic plants are planted on the fillers. The aquatic plants and fillers are selected according to the water sample measurement results. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is domestic sewage, the aquatic plants are selected as one or a combination of two of reed and cattail, and the fillers are selected as one or several of zeolite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is industrial sewage, the aquatic plants are selected as plants with strong heavy metal pollution adsorption ability, and the fillers are selected as a combination of two or more of activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, and ceramsite. If the sewage source at the sewage outlet is surface runoff, the aquatic plants are selected as a combination of two or more of cattail, calamus, and loosestrife, and the fillers are selected as a combination of two or more of gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, and activated carbon. The calculation formula for the planting quantity of aquatic plants is: Q1 = V*(C0 - Ct)*D / K Q = max(Q1, Q2, Q3......, Qn) Among them, V is the volume of treated water, in L; C0 is the initial concentration of one of the pollution indicators, in mg / L; Ct is the target concentration of one of the pollution indicators, in mg / L; K is the average absorption amount of nitrogen and phosphorus by several aquatic plants, in mg / m 2 ; D is the planting density of aquatic plants, which is 10 - 25 plants / m 2 ; Q1, Q2, Q3, Qn are the maximum planting numbers of aquatic plants under one of the pollution indicators, in plants; Q is the maximum planting number of aquatic plants, in plants.

9. The water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input according to claim 6, characterized in that, The submerged plants, fish and benthic organisms are set in the diverse system construction module. There is 20 - 30 cm of planting soil under the submerged plants, and the planting density of the submerged plants is selected as 15 - 25 clusters / m 2 , and the stocking density of the benthic animals is 70 - 130 g / m 2 . Hooks are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the diverse system module. The hooks are connected with towing ropes. The diverse system module is connected with the water quality maintenance module below through the towing ropes. The length of the towing ropes ≥ (water depth - 50 cm), and the water quality maintenance module is placed on the polluted sediment through the towing ropes.

10. A method for restoring aquatic ecosystems in response to sudden pollution input according to claim 6, characterized in that, The water quality maintenance module includes a surface layer, a middle layer, and a bottom layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The surface layer is polyester fiber cotton, the middle layer is a slow-release adsorption material, and the slow-release adsorption material includes a mixed microbial agent and a filler. The mixed microbial agent is a mixed microorganism of nitrifying bacteria, bacillus, and yeast, and the filler is a mixture of shale ceramsite, zeolite, and calcite. The shale ceramsite, zeolite, calcite, and mixed microbial agent are put in according to a certain mass ratio. The bottom layer is coconut coir. Submerged plants are planted on the water quality maintenance module, and the plant planting density is 10-15 clusters / m 2 .

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