Flexible spacer embedded polymer synthesized by utilizing aldol condensation at room temperature as well as preparation method and application of flexible spacer embedded polymer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic semiconductor materials, and particularly relates to a flexible spacer embedded polymer synthesized through aldol condensation at room temperature and a preparation method and application of the flexible spacer embedded polymer. The invention provides a novel flexible rhodanine spacer embedded false conjugated polymer, which has a chemical structural general formula as shown in a formula (I), wherein the # imgabs0 # is a conjugated plane structure such as benzo diindole diketone, naphtho diindole diketone, anthracene diindole diketone, thiophene-pyrrolopyrrole diketone, bithiophene-pyrrolopyrrole diketone or cyclopentyl bithiophene, and R1 is a straight chain or a fork chain alkyl chain or a polyethylene glycol chain. The polymer has the advantages of regular structure, few defects, good thermal stability, flexibility and the like. Meanwhile, the polymer has good solvent processability, and has potential application prospects in the fields of organic electrochemical transistors and flexible organic electrochemical synaptic transistors. In addition, the method for synthesizing the polymer is environment-friendly, economical and mild. # imgabs1 #

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic semiconductor materials, and particularly relates to a flexible spacer-embedded polymer synthesized by using room-temperature aldol condensation, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polymer ion-electron hybrid conductors break the boundaries between traditional electronics and ionics research by coupling the transport of electrons and ions, and have become the cornerstone for realizing bioelectronic applications such as neuromorphic computing, artificial synapses, and electronic skin. Among them, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and OECT-based organic electrochemical synaptic transistors (OESTs) can be further applied to brain-like science due to their biomimetic characteristics of detecting and storing weak electrochemical signals similar to biological systems. However, the current OECTs and OESTs still have deficiencies such as poor stability, unsatisfactory solvent processability, structural defects, and batch-to-batch differences, which restrict their practical applications. In addition, great flexibility and stretchability are required to adapt to the dynamic deformation of biological tissues in order to meet their potential biological applications.

[0003] Most of the currently reported mainstream n-type materials have rigid molecular skeletons. This structural characteristic limits the bending performance of the materials. Moreover, small molecules with regular structures and highly planar polymers will spontaneously and closely pack. Although high crystallinity is beneficial to the hopping transport of charge carriers between molecules, the resulting high-density crystal regions will severely limit the flexibility and ion permeability of the materials. These deficiencies further hinder the application of such materials in the biological field.

[0004] Traditional coupling methods such as Stille coupling, Suzuki coupling, and direct arylation polymerization of C-H bonds require the use of transition metal catalysts and toxic organotin reagents, which may cause serious environmental pollution and health hazards. In addition, such methods require high-temperature reaction conditions. However, due to the self-coupling of monomers, the polymers synthesized at high temperatures may have structural defects, further damaging molecular packing and charge carrier transport. Aldol condensation has become an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method because it does not require metal catalysts and produces non-toxic by-products. However, traditional aldol polymerization is usually carried out in toluene with p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst at temperatures above 100°C. In addition, the rigid molecular structure has poor solubility in toluene, resulting in polymer precipitation, which further affects the molecular weight and its distribution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop mild polymerization reactions to prepare defect-free ion-electron hybrid conductor materials by green and sustainable synthesis methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention synthesizes a pseudo-conjugated polymer material with regular structure, few defects, good thermal stability and suitable for solution processing by using a mild room-temperature aldol condensation method, and applies it to organic electrochemical transistors and flexible organic electrochemical synaptic transistors.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with a flexible rhodanine spacer, and the chemical structural formula of the pseudo-conjugated polymer is shown in Formula (I):

[0008]

[0009] Wherein, is selected from

[0010] R2 and R3 are independently selected from

[0011]

[0012] R1 is selected from

[0013] In Formula (I), n is selected from 1 to 10000.

[0014] Preferably, the pseudo-conjugated polymer is selected from any one of the polymers shown in Formula (1), Formula (2), Formula (3), and Formula (4):

[0015]

[0016] Wherein, R is selected from

[0017]

[0018] In Formula (1), Formula (2), Formula (3), and Formula (4), n is selected from natural numbers 1 to 10000, and m is selected from natural numbers 2 to 4. More preferably, the pseudo-conjugated polymer is selected from any one of Polymers A, B, C, and D:

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with the flexible rhodanine spacer described in the first aspect, and the method includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. Under an anhydrous and anaerobic environment, add 1 equivalent of the double-terminal rhodanine spacer and 1 equivalent of the monomer with a π-conjugated structure and double-terminal carbonyl groups into a microwave reaction tube;

[0023] S2. Add chloroform (solvent) and triethylamine (catalyst), and react at a temperature of 20 °C - 65 °C for 1 h - 24 h;

[0024] S3. Precipitate the obtained solution using n-hexane (poor solvent) and chloroform (good solvent);

[0025] S4. Using the Soxhlet extraction method, discard the impurities in the methanol, n-hexane, and acetone phases, and collect the chloroform-phase product;

[0026] S5. After precipitation, filter and dry to obtain the corresponding pseudo-conjugated polymer material.

[0027] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with the flexible rhodanine spacer described in the first aspect in an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) and / or an organic electrochemical synaptic transistor (OEST).

[0028] Preferably, the specific application method is: coating the pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with the flexible rhodanine spacer on the active channel layer of an organic electrochemical transistor or an organic electrochemical synaptic transistor.

[0029] More preferably, the specific coating method is: dissolving the pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with the flexible rhodanine spacer in a 10 - 20 mg / mL hexafluoroisopropanol solution, and then spin-coating it on the active channel layer of an organic electrochemical transistor or an organic electrochemical synaptic transistor.

[0030] More preferably, the organic electrochemical transistor or the organic electrochemical synaptic transistor uses a 0.1 M aqueous NaCl solution as the electrolyte and a platinum wire as the gate electrode.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] The present invention provides a novel pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with a flexible rhodanine spacer. This polymer has the advantages of regular structure, few defects, good thermal stability, and flexibility. At the same time, this polymer has good solvent processability and has potential application prospects in the fields of organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) and flexible organic electrochemical synaptic transistors (flex-OEST). In addition, the method for synthesizing this polymer in the present invention is environmentally friendly, economical, and mild. Specifically, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] (1) The pseudo-conjugated polymer of the present invention has a regular structure, few defects, and good thermal stability, and is very suitable for solvent processing.

[0034] (2) The pseudo-conjugated polymer of the present invention has both a rigid planar structure and a flexible spacer group, with a reasonable stacking mode, which is conducive to the transport of electrons and ions within and between molecules, and can retain its working performance when bent.

[0035] (3) The pseudo-conjugated polymer of the present invention has appropriate electron orbital energy levels and excellent ion-electron coupled transport ability, and has potential application prospects in the fields of organic electrochemical transistors and organic electrochemical synaptic transistors. Description of the Drawings

[0036] Figure 1 1H NMR spectrum of Compound 5 in Example 1 1 1H NMR spectrum.

[0037] Figure 2 1H NMR spectrum of Compound 7 in Example 1 1 1H NMR spectrum.

[0038] Figure 3 1H NMR spectrum of Polymer A in Example 1 1 1H NMR spectrum.

[0039] Figure 4 1H NMR spectrum of Compound 2 in Example 2 1 1H NMR spectrum.

[0040] Figure 5 1H NMR spectrum of Polymer B in Example 2 1 1H NMR spectrum.

[0041] Figure 6 1H NMR spectrum of Polymer C in Example 3 1 1H NMR spectrum.

[0042] Figure 7 1H NMR spectrum of Compound 3 in Example 4 1 1H NMR spectrum.

[0043] Figure 8 1H NMR spectrum of Polymer D in Example 4 1 1H NMR spectrum.

[0044] Figure 9 Mass spectrum of Compound 5 in Example 1

[0045] Figure 10 Mass spectrum of Compound 7 in Example 1

[0046] Figure 11 Mass spectrum of Compound 2 in Example 2

[0047] Figure 12 Gel permeation chromatography diagram of Polymer A in Example 1

[0048] Figure 13 It is the gel permeation chromatography chart of Polymer B in Example 2.

[0049] Figure 14 It is the gel permeation chromatography chart of Polymer C in Example 3.

[0050] Figure 15 It is the gel permeation chromatography chart of Polymer D in Example 4.

[0051] Figure 16 It is the thermogravimetric analysis chart of Polymer A in Example 1.

[0052] Figure 17 It is the thermogravimetric analysis chart of Polymer B in Example 1.

[0053] Figure 18 It is the thermogravimetric analysis chart of Polymer C in Example 1.

[0054] Figure 19 It is the organic electrochemical transistor performance chart of Polymer A in Example 1.

[0055] Figure 20 It is the organic electrochemical transistor performance chart of Polymer B in Example 2.

[0056] Figure 21 It is the organic electrochemical transistor performance chart of Polymer C in Example 3.

[0057] Figure 22 It is the organic electrochemical transistor performance chart of Polymer D in Example 4.

[0058] Figure 23 It is the organic electrochemical synaptic transistor performance chart of Polymer C in Example 3.

[0059] Figure 24 It is the flexible organic electrochemical synaptic transistor performance chart of Polymer C in Example 3. Detailed implementation manners

[0060] The following further explains the detailed implementation manners of the present invention. It should be noted here that the explanations of these implementation manners are used to help understand the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various implementation manners of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0061] The experimental methods in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the test materials used in the following examples can all be obtained through conventional commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0062] In the following examples, all reagents and materials (not labeled) were commercially available. Among them, the ADVANCE III 400MHz and 600MHz liquid nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers produced by Bruker of Switzerland were used to detect the 1 1H NMR, and the solvents were deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and deuterated tetrachloroethane (C2D2Cl4). An Agilent 1260 Infinity II gel permeation chromatograph was used, and hexafluoroisopropanol was selected as the mobile phase to measure the molecular weight of the polymer material. A Keithley B1500A, Keithley 2612B, and an electrical probe station were used to characterize the device performance in air.

[0063] Example 1: A method for synthesizing a polymer embedded with a flexible spacer using room-temperature aldol condensation

[0064] (1) According to the following reaction formula, 3 g of compound 1 and 9 mL of compound 2 were respectively dissolved in 30 mL of acetic acid, and then the solution of compound 2 was slowly added dropwise to the solution of compound 1 at 90 °C, and the reaction was carried out overnight at 110 °C. After rotary evaporating the acetic acid in the system, it was titrated with 1 M aqueous NaOH solution to pH = 11 - 12, and then air was bubbled through at 99 °C overnight. Then, it was titrated with hydrochloric acid to pH = 2 - 3 in an ice-water bath, filtered, washed successively with distilled water and methanol, and dried to obtain product 3.

[0065]

[0066] (2) According to the following reaction formula, under a nitrogen atmosphere, 1.75 g of anhydrous K2CO3, 520 mg of product 3, and 8 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were added to a 50 mL round-bottom flask. Then the mixture was stirred at 65 °C for 10 minutes, 2 g of compound 4 was added, and the mixture was stirred at 65 °C for 10 hours. Then the solvent was evaporated under vacuum and purified through a silica gel chromatography column (methylene chloride:methane = 20:1) to obtain compound 5. The mass spectrum of compound 5 is as Figure 9 shown, and the 1H NMR ([[]] Figure 1 ) information is as follows:

[0067] 1 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d, 300 K) δ (ppm): 9.24 (s, 2H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.6, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.6, 2H), 4.55 (d, 4H), 3.68 - 3.49 (m, 40H), 3.32 (s, 12H), 2.76 (quintet, 2H).

[0068]

[0069] Among them, compound 4 is prepared by the method recorded in the existing literature, and the specific literature is as follows:

[0070] Y. Wang, E. Zeglio, H. Liao, J. Xu, F. Liu, Z. Li, I. Maria, D. Mawad, A. Herland, I. McCulloch, W. Yue, Chem. Mater., 2019, 31, 9797 - 9806.

[0071] (3) According to the following reaction formula, add 1.88 g of compound 6, 20 mL of acetonitrile and 4 mL of carbon disulfide to a 50 mL round - bottom flask. Then react the mixture at room temperature for 10 hours, add 2 mL of methyl bromoacetate, and react at 80 °C for 24 hours. After that, evaporate the solvent under vacuum and purify by silica gel chromatography column (ethyl acetate: n - hexane = 1:3) to obtain compound 7. The mass spectrum of compound 7 is as Figure 10 shown, and the information of its 1H NMR Figure 2 is as follows:

[0072] 1 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform - d, 300 K) δ (ppm): 4.21 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 4H), 4.02 (s, 4H), 3.72 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 4H), 3.57 (s, 4H).

[0073]

[0074] (4) According to the following reaction formula, add 44.0 mg of compound 5, 18.6 mg of compound 7, 1 mL of chloroform and 0.03 mL of triethylamine to a microwave reactor. Then stir the mixture at room temperature for 48 hours, perform precipitation in methanol, and extract the polymer successively with methanol, n - hexane, acetone and chloroform using a Soxhlet extractor. After that, concentrate the chloroform fraction by evaporation, precipitate it into methanol, and then obtain polymer A (M n = 32 kDa) after filtration and drying. The 1H NMR of it is as Figure 3 shown.

[0075]

[0076] Example 2: A method for synthesizing a polymer with a flexible spacer embedded by room - temperature aldol condensation

[0077] (1) According to the following reaction formula, 2.44 g of compound 1, 20 mL of acetonitrile and 4 mL of carbon disulfide were added to a 50 mL round-bottom flask. Then the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 10 hours, 2 mL of methyl bromoacetate was added, and the reaction was carried out at 80 °C for 24 hours. After that, the solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the compound 2 was obtained by purification through a silica gel chromatography column (ethyl acetate: n-hexane = 1:3). The mass spectrum of compound 2 is as Figure 11 shown, and the 1H NMR spectrum of compound 2 ( Figure 4 ) information is as follows:

[0078] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d, 300 K) δ (ppm): 4.22 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (s, 1H), 3.75 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.64–3.55 (m, 2H).

[0079]

[0080] (2) According to the following reaction formula, 48.0 mg of compound 3, 31.5 mg of compound 2, 1 mL of chloroform and 0.03 mL of triethylamine were added to a microwave reactor. Then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours, followed by precipitation in methanol, and the polymer was extracted successively with methanol, n-hexane, acetone and chloroform using a Soxhlet extractor. After that, the chloroform fraction was concentrated by evaporation, precipitated into methanol, filtered and dried to obtain polymer B (M n = 24 kDa), and its 1H NMR spectrum is as Figure 5 shown.

[0081]

[0082] Among them, compound 3 was prepared by the method recorded in the existing literature. The specific literature is: X. Zhu, J. Chen, R. Liu, C. Chao, J. Tan, C. Ran, Y. Wang, R. Wang, Z. Li, W. Yue, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2025, 13, 1784 - 1792.

[0083] Example 3: A method for synthesizing a polymer embedded with a flexible spacer by room-temperature aldol condensation

[0084] According to the following reaction formula, 41.1 mg of Compound 1, 24.2 mg of Compound 2, 1 mL of chloroform and 0.03 mL of triethylamine were added to a microwave reactor. Then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours, followed by precipitation in methanol, and the polymer was extracted successively with methanol, n-hexane, acetone and chloroform using a Soxhlet extractor. After that, the chloroform fraction was concentrated by evaporation and precipitated into methanol, and after filtration and drying, Polymer C (M n = 31 kDa) was obtained, and its 1H NMR spectrum is as Figure 6 shown.

[0085]

[0086] Among them, the preparation method of Compound 1 is the same as that of Compound 3 in Example 2.

[0087] Example 4: A method for synthesizing a polymer with a flexible spacer embedded by room temperature aldol condensation

[0088] (1) According to the following reaction formula, under a nitrogen atmosphere, 346 mg of anhydrous potassium carbonate, 300 mg of Compound 1, 255 mg of Compound 2 (CAS: 1040281-83-1), 41.3 mg of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and 30 mL of toluene were added to a 100 mL round-bottom flask and reacted at 90 °C for 36 h. After that, the solvent was evaporated under vacuum and the compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methylene chloride: methanol = 50:1) to obtain Compound 3. The 1H NMR spectrum ( Figure 7 ) information is as follows:

[0089] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d, 300 K) δ (ppm): 9.93 (s, 2H), 8.80 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 4.30 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 4H), 3.84 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 4H), 3.67 (dd, J = 6.1, 3.5 Hz, 5H), 3.64–3.57 (m, 16H), 3.53 (dd, J = 5.7, 3.5 Hz, 4H), 3.37 (s, 6H).

[0090]

[0091] Among them, Compound 1 was prepared by the method described in the existing literature. The specific literature is: Y. Wang, A. Hamidi-Sakr, J. Surgailis, Y. Zhou, H. Liao, J. Chen, G. Zhu, Z. Li, S. Inal, W. Yue, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 13338 - 13346.

[0092] (2) According to the following reaction formula, 36.4 mg of Compound 3, 17.1 mg of Compound 4, 1 mL of chloroform, and 0.03 mL of triethylamine were added to a microwave reactor. Then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 36 hours, followed by precipitation in methanol, and the polymer was extracted successively with methanol, n - hexane, acetone, and chloroform using a Soxhlet extractor. After that, the chloroform fraction was concentrated by evaporation, precipitated into methanol, and then filtered and dried to obtain Polymer D (M n = 31 kDa), and its proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum is as Figure 8 shown.

[0093]

[0094] Among them, the preparation method of Compound 4 is the same as that of Compound 2 in Example 2.

[0095] Experimental Example: Performance Testing of Flexible Spacer - Embedded Polymers

[0096] Preparation of organic electrochemical transistor and electrochemical synaptic transistor devices: The glass substrate was cleaned with piranha solution and then dried with a nitrogen gun. Then gold was thermally evaporated onto the glass substrate and patterned using a standard photolithography / stripping process. Among them, Polymers A, B, C, and D were respectively dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol solution at a concentration of 10 mg / mL, and then spin - coated on the channel layers of OECT and OEST. The spin - coating parameters were 500 rpm / 5 s + 1000 rpm / 30 s. The channel length and width of OECT were 39000 μm and 20 μm respectively; the channel length and width of OEST were 6000 μm and 20 μm respectively. The OECT device uses a 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution as the electrolyte and a platinum wire as the gate electrode, and operates in the aqueous electrolyte gating mode, while the OEST device with a side - gate planar structure operates in the ion - gel gating mode with a 0.2 M sodium citrate gel as the electrolyte. For OECT, ITO conductive glass was used as the substrate; for flexible OEST, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used as the substrate.

[0097] As Figure 3 , 5 , 6, and 8 show, all four polymers have clearly split proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, indicating their regular structures and fewer defects.

[0098] Figures 12 - 15 The gel permeation chromatography results of four polymers were measured using PMMA as the standard sample and hexafluoroisopropanol as the mobile phase. It can be seen that all four polymers have relatively high molecular weights and small polydispersity coefficients (all less than 1.5), which also indicates that they have regular structures.

[0099] From the thermogravimetric analysis Figures 16 - 18 it can be seen that all three polymers have high thermal decomposition temperatures, reaching above 300 °C, and thus exhibit excellent thermal stability.

[0100] From Figures 19 - 22 it can be seen that in the fabricated OECT devices, the maximum current of Polymer A reaches 0.4 mA and the maximum transconductance reaches 6.9 mS; the maximum current of Polymer B reaches 9.8 mA and the maximum transconductance reaches 47.7 mS; the maximum current of Polymer C reaches 6.2 mA and the maximum transconductance reaches 31.1 mS; the maximum current of Polymer D reaches 0.04 mA and the maximum transconductance reaches 0.46 mS. All of them have excellent organic electrochemical transistor performance.

[0101] From Figure 23 it can be seen that the OEST device fabricated with Polymer C has strong synaptic tunability. When the pulse interval time (Δt p ) = 5 ms, the maximum PPF index is 203%, and when Δt p = 200 ms, the minimum PPF index reaches 106%, which also indicates that it has excellent synaptic gain.

[0102] As Figure 24 shown, flexible OEST devices of Polymer C were further fabricated. When the bending radii are 15 mm, 10 mm, and 5 mm, the current retention rates all reach above 90%. When the OEST device recovers from bending, the transmitted current can recover to 95.4%, showing excellent anti-bending performance.

[0103] The above has detailed the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made to these embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with a flexible rhodanine spacer group, characterized in that, The chemical structural formula of the pseudo-conjugated polymer is shown in Formula (I): Among them, selected from R2 and R3 are independently selected from n = 8 to 18, n = 3 to 8, n or m = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, n or m = 2 to 4; R1 is selected from n = 4 to 8,[[]] n = 2 to 4; In Formula (I), n is selected from 1 to 10,000.

2. A pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with a flexible rhodanine spacer group according to claim 1, characterized in that The pseudo-conjugated polymer is selected from any one of the polymers shown in Formula (1), Formula (2), Formula (3), and Formula (4): wherein, R is selected from n = 8 to 18, n = 3 to 8, n or m = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, n or m = 2 to 4; In Formula (1), Formula (2), Formula (3), and Formula (4), n is selected from natural numbers 1 to 10,000, and m is selected from natural numbers 2 to 4.

3. A pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with a flexible rhodanine spacer group according to claim 2, wherein The pseudo-conjugated polymer is selected from any one of Polymers A, B, C, and D:

4. The preparation method of the pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with a flexible rhodanine spacer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: S1. Under an anhydrous and anaerobic environment, add 1 equivalent of the double-terminal rhodanine spacer and 1 equivalent of the monomer with a π-conjugated structure and double-terminal carbonyl groups into a microwave reaction tube; S2. Add chloroform and triethylamine, and react at a temperature of 20°C - 65°C for 1 h - 24 h; S3. Sediment the obtained solution with n-hexane and chloroform; S4. Using the Soxhlet extraction method, discard the impurities in the methanol, n-hexane, and acetone phases, and collect the chloroform-phase product; S5. After sedimentation, filter and dry to obtain the corresponding pseudo-conjugated polymer material.

5. Use of the pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with a flexible rhodanine spacer according to any one of claims 1 - 3 in an organic electrochemical transistor and / or an organic electrochemical synaptic transistor.

6. The application according to claim 5, wherein The specific application method is: coating the pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with the flexible rhodanine spacer on the active channel layer of an organic electrochemical transistor or an organic electrochemical synaptic transistor.

7. The application according to claim 6, wherein The specific coating method is: dissolving the pseudo-conjugated polymer embedded with the flexible rhodanine spacer in a 10 - 20 mg / mL hexafluoroisopropanol solution, and then spin-coating it on the active channel layer of an organic electrochemical transistor or an organic electrochemical synaptic transistor.

8. According to the application described in claim 6, the organic electrochemical transistor or the organic electrochemical synaptic transistor uses a 0.1 M aqueous NaCl solution as the electrolyte and a platinum wire as the gate electrode.

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