Polar region deep ice layer hot water drilling tool capable of monitoring drilling parameters

Abstract

The invention discloses a polar region deep ice layer hot water drilling tool capable of monitoring drilling parameters, and belongs to the technical field of polar region ice layer drilling.The drilling tool comprises a hot water pipe flange piece, a flange adapter piece, an upward hole diameter measuring assembly, an instrument cabin assembly, a temperature and pressure measuring assembly, a downward hole diameter measuring assembly, a balance weight component and a bottom nozzle assembly which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the flow channels of the two flow channels are communicated in a sealed manner; the drilling tool further comprises a cable terminal which is used for achieving electric power and signal transmission of the whole drilling tool. According to the drilling tool, the hole bottom water temperature, the water pressure and the drilling hole diameter are monitored in real time in the drilling process, ground surface operators can conveniently judge the drilling hole and the working state of the drilling tool at the hole bottom, the drilling tool has the lifting and automatic reaming function, and the drilling tool can still be safely recycled under the condition that the drilling hole above the drilling tool is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the drilling tool; the hole bottom accident rate in the deep hot water drilling process is reduced, and the controllability and safety of the drilling process are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an ice layer hot water drill, and particularly to a polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters that can be monitored, belonging to the technical field of polar ice layer drilling. Background Art

[0002] The average thickness of the Antarctic ice sheet is 2,126 meters, and the thickest part reaches 4,897 meters. Currently, the main methods for achieving deep drilling in polar ice layers are wireline coring drills, flexible pipe drills, and hot water drills. Among them, the penetration rate of wireline coring drills does not exceed 30 meters per day, and drilling fluid needs to be used in the hole to maintain the stability of the hole wall, which has a certain degree of pollution to the ice layer and the sub-ice environment; the flexible pipe drill uses continuous drilling without pulling out the drill, and the drilling speed can reach 400 meters per day, and the hole is filled with drilling fluid, but the related technology is not yet mature, and the current deepest drill hole is only 243 meters; the hot water drill uses hot water jets to melt the ice layer at the bottom of the drill tool at the bottom of the hole, and the daily penetration rate can reach 500 meters. The drilling process does not require drilling fluid and belongs to clean and rapid drilling. Currently, the maximum drilling depth has reached 2,500 meters. However, during the deep hot water drilling process, the borehole diameter, bottom hole temperature, and pressure cannot be directly monitored. Usually, the method of monitoring the surface load is used to control the drilling speed, and then the method of lowering the bottom hole camera is used to observe the borehole morphology. There are technical problems such as the inability to directly monitor the bottom hole state of the drill tool, the difficulty in accurately controlling the borehole diameter, and the inability to judge the loss of liquid in the hole. The risk during the drilling process is relatively large, and it is extremely easy to occur bottom hole accidents such as the drill tool hitting the bottom and being damaged, and the drill tool cannot be recovered due to the reduction of the borehole diameter above the drill tool. How to monitor the internal and external temperatures, pressures, and borehole diameters of the drill tool in real time during the drilling process to ensure that surface personnel can adjust the drilling strategy and drilling speed in a timely manner according to the bottom hole data is the main technical problem faced by the current polar ice layer rapid drilling technology field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to address the technical problems existing in the polar ice layer hot water drilling project, such as the inability to directly monitor the bottom hole state of the drill tool, the difficulty in accurately controlling the borehole diameter, and the inability to judge the loss of liquid in the hole. A polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters that can be monitored is proposed, which can realize real-time monitoring of the bottom hole water temperature, water pressure, and borehole diameter during the drilling process, facilitate surface operators to judge the working state of the borehole and the bottom hole drill tool, reduce the bottom hole accident rate during the deep hot water drilling process, and increase the controllability and safety of the drilling process.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters that can be monitored. The polar deep ice layer hot water drill includes a hot water pipe flange, a flange adapter, an upward hole diameter measurement assembly, an instrument cabin assembly, a temperature and pressure measurement assembly, a downward hole diameter measurement assembly, a weight component, and a bottom nozzle assembly arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The hot water pipe flange and the flange adapter are in a flange docking structure and are connected by bolts, and a seal is provided between the two; the flange adapter, the upward hole diameter measurement assembly, the instrument cabin assembly, the temperature and pressure measurement assembly, the downward hole diameter measurement assembly, the weight component, and the bottom nozzle assembly are connected to each other by threads and the flow channels between them are sealed and communicated; the polar deep ice layer hot water drill further includes a cable terminal, the cable terminal is connected to a control center located on the ground, and the cable terminal is connected to the instrument cabin assembly through a watertight cable; the instrument cabin assembly is connected to the upward hole diameter measurement assembly, the temperature and pressure measurement assembly, and the downward hole diameter measurement assembly respectively through watertight cables;

[0005] Among them, the upward hole diameter measurement assembly includes a first hole diameter measuring core tube, a first hinge positioning ring, a first hole diameter measuring leaf spring, a first tension spring, a first nozzle, an upward spray head body, a first displacement sensor, and a first positioning bushing. The upward hole diameter measurement assembly is configured such that the first hinge positioning ring and the first positioning bushing are fixedly provided above the first hole diameter measuring core tube; the first hole diameter measuring core tube is provided with a lateral hole penetrating the side wall of the first hole diameter measuring core tube. The upward spray head body is sleeved outside the first hole diameter measuring core tube, and the two are in clearance fit and form a dynamic seal. The upward spray head body can move relative to the first hole diameter measuring core tube; a cavity is formed inside the upward spray head body, and the cavity has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. When the upward spray head body moves to a position where the fluid outlet corresponds to the lateral hole on the side wall of the first hole diameter measuring core tube, a waterway seal and communication is formed between the inside of the upward spray head body and the inside of the first hole diameter measuring core tube; the first hole diameter measuring leaf spring and the first tension spring are both arranged between the first hinge positioning ring and the upward spray head body; both ends of the first hole diameter measuring leaf spring are pivotally connected to the first hinge positioning ring and the upward spray head body respectively; the first nozzle is connected to the upward spray head body by threads and the internal flow channel is sealed and communicated; the first displacement sensor is arranged between the upward spray head body and the first positioning bushing;

[0006] Among them, the instrument cabin assembly includes an instrument cabin core tube and a measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin installed thereon;

[0007] Among them, the temperature and pressure measurement assembly includes a sensor core tube, a first underwater pressure sensor, a second underwater pressure sensor, a flow field monitoring cavity, a first underwater temperature sensor, and a second underwater temperature sensor. The first underwater pressure sensor and the first underwater temperature sensor are both installed outside the sensor core tube. The first underwater pressure sensor and the first underwater temperature sensor are respectively used to measure the water pressure and water temperature in the borehole outside the drill string. The flow field monitoring cavity is sleeved on the sensor core tube, and the flow field monitoring cavity and the sensor core tube are internally sealed and communicated with each other. The second underwater pressure sensor and the second underwater temperature sensor are respectively used to measure the water temperature and water pressure inside the drill string.

[0008] Among them, the downhole aperture measurement assembly includes a second hinge positioning ring, a second caliper leaf spring, a second tension spring, a second displacement sensor, a second positioning bushing, a second caliper core tube, and a slider. The second hinge positioning ring and the second positioning bushing are both fixed on the second caliper core tube. The slider is located between the second hinge positioning ring and the second positioning bushing, and the slider is slidably matched with the second caliper core tube. The second caliper leaf spring and the second tension spring are arranged between the second hinge positioning ring and the slider. The two ends of the second displacement sensor are respectively connected to the slider and the second positioning bushing.

[0009] Furthermore, the cable terminal is connected to the measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin contained in the instrument cabin assembly through a watertight cable. The measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin is respectively connected to the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the first underwater pressure sensor, the second underwater pressure sensor, the first underwater temperature sensor, and the second underwater temperature sensor through watertight cables.

[0010] Furthermore, the first hinge positioning ring and the first positioning bushing are both fixed on the first caliper core tube through radial bolts to form an integral part. The upper end of the first caliper leaf spring is connected to the first hinge positioning ring through a first rotating hinge, and the lower end is connected to the upper nozzle body through a second rotating hinge. The upper and lower ends of the first tension spring are respectively fixed on the first hinge positioning ring and the upper nozzle body. A dynamic sealing ring is arranged between the upper nozzle body and the first caliper core tube, and the overall formed by the cooperation of the upper nozzle body and the dynamic sealing ring can move axially along the first caliper core tube.

[0011] Furthermore, the measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin is fixedly installed on the instrument cabin core tube through an instrument cabin support. The number of measurement-while-drilling instrument cabins is at least two, and at least two measurement-while-drilling instrument cabins are connected to each other through watertight cables.

[0012] Furthermore, an external sensor bracket is sleeved on the sensor core tube and positioned by lateral screws; the first underwater pressure sensor and the first underwater temperature sensor are nested in the mounting holes on the external sensor bracket and positioned by lateral screws; the flow field monitoring cavity is sleeved on the sensor core tube and positioned by lateral screws, the flow field monitoring cavity is internally connected to the sensor core tube and a second static seal ring is arranged therebetween; the second underwater pressure sensor and the second underwater temperature sensor are installed in the mounting holes of the flow field monitoring cavity and positioned by lateral screws, and a first static seal ring is arranged between the second underwater pressure sensor and the flow field monitoring cavity and between the first underwater temperature sensor and the flow field monitoring cavity respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the second hinge positioning ring and the second positioning bushing are sleeved on the outside of the second diameter measuring core tube and positioned by lateral bolts; the slider is located between the second hinge positioning ring and the second positioning bushing, the slider is sleeved on the second diameter measuring core tube and has a clearance fit between the hole and the shaft; one end of the second diameter measuring leaf spring is connected to the second hinge positioning ring through a third rotary hinge, and the other end is connected to the slider through a fourth rotary hinge.

[0014] Furthermore, the counterweight component includes a counterweight extension core tube.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of the counterweight components is at least two, and any adjacent counterweight components are connected to each other by threads and the flow channels therebetween are hermetically connected.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom nozzle assembly includes a nozzle transition pipe and a second nozzle, and the second nozzle is connected and fixed to the nozzle transition pipe by threads to form an integral seal.

[0017] In polar ice layer drilling, high-temperature and high-pressure hot water is used. The thermal melting mechanism is to heat the water to a high temperature (usually 80 - 95 °C), spray it onto the ice surface under high-pressure pumping, and use the heat energy to melt the ice into water, thus achieving drilling. High pressure (up to dozens of megapascals) can accelerate the cracking of the ice layer and improve the ice melting efficiency. The working principle of the present invention is as follows: After the polar deep ice layer hot water drill with measurable drilling parameters provided by the present invention is assembled, the surface winch lowers the drill through a hot water hose with a cable terminal. The hot water hose injects high-temperature and high-pressure hot water into the drill. Under the normal downward drilling state, the hot water inside the drill sprays out through the bottom nozzle assembly, forming a cavity at the bottom of the drill. The drilling diameter parameter can be measured through the downward hole diameter measurement assembly and the data is uploaded to the control center located on the surface through the instrument cabin assembly and the watertight cable via the cable terminal. The surface personnel judge whether the drilling speed is appropriate according to the drilling hole diameter data measured by the downward hole diameter measurement assembly, and adjust the pipe-laying speed of the surface winch to further adjust the drilling speed of the downhole drill. At the same time, the water temperature and water pressure data around the drill and inside the drill are uploaded to the surface through the temperature and pressure measurement assembly, the instrument cabin assembly and the watertight cable via the cable terminal. During the process of lifting the drill, if the drilling hole above the drill freezes and shrinks, the upward hole diameter measurement assembly can detect the drilled hole diameter after shrinkage and upload the data to the surface through the instrument cabin assembly and the watertight cable via the cable terminal. The surface personnel can adjust the lifting speed of the drill according to the drilled hole diameter after shrinkage detected by the upward hole diameter measurement assembly. When the hole diameter measured by the upward hole diameter measurement assembly is smaller than the outer diameter of the instrument cabin assembly, the upward spray head body and the first nozzle on the upward hole diameter measurement assembly will move down along the first hole diameter measurement core tube and connect the internal water path of the first hole diameter measurement core tube. At this time, the first nozzle sprays a jet to melt the ice hole of the upper shrinkage part, so that the drill can return safely.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the polar deep ice layer hot water drill with measurable drilling parameters provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0019] First, during the downward drilling process of the drill, it can measure the drilled hole diameter around the drill in real time and upload the hole diameter data to the surface, guiding the surface operators to adjust the drilling speed, ensuring that the drill does not get stuck during the downward drilling process, and at the same time ensuring that the hole diameter is uniform, overcoming the technical problems that the hole diameter cannot be monitored and the drilling shape is difficult to accurately control during the traditional hot water drilling process.

[0020] Second, during the process of lifting the drill, it can measure the drilled hole diameter after freezing and shrinkage in real time and upload the hole diameter data to the surface, guiding the surface personnel to adjust the lifting speed. At the same time, the drill has the function of self-expanding the hole during lifting, so that the drill can still be safely recovered when the drilled hole above the drill is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the drill.

[0021] Thirdly, the drill tool is equipped with the function of monitoring the temperature and pressure of the internal and external flow fields of the drill tool. Surface personnel can judge whether there is leakage in the internal waterway of the drill tool and whether there is leakage in the fluid in the ice hole outside the drill tool according to the changes in temperature and pressure data, overcoming the technical problem that the internal situation of the drill tool and the hole cannot be judged during the traditional hot water drilling process.

[0022] Fourthly, the drill tool can extend the distance from the second nozzle at the bottom of the drill tool to the maximum outer diameter part of the drill tool by adding a counterweight component, which can fully expand the hole with hot water, avoiding the situation of jamming or uneven hole diameter due to the too close distance between the maximum outer diameter part of the drill tool and the second nozzle at the bottom of the drill tool. At the same time, adding a counterweight component can increase the stability of the drill tool itself and the drilling verticality. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upward hole diameter measurement assembly of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the instrument cabin assembly of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature and pressure measurement assembly of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the downward hole diameter measurement assembly of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the counterweight component of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom nozzle assembly of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the non-hole-expanding working state at the bottom of the hole of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0031] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the downward drilling working state at the bottom of the hole of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0032] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the upward drilling working state at the bottom of the hole of a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill hole parameters that can be monitored.

[0033] The reference numerals in the figures are as follows:

[0034] 1 - Hot water pipe flange

[0035] 2 - Cable terminal

[0036] 3 - Flange adapter

[0037] 4 - Upward aperture measurement assembly, 41 - First diameter measuring core tube, 42 - First hinge positioning ring, 43 - First diameter measuring leaf spring, 44 - First tension spring, 45 - Dynamic sealing ring, 46 - First nozzle, 47 - Upward spray head body, 48 - First displacement sensor, 49 - First positioning bushing, 410 - First rotating hinge, 411 - Second rotating hinge;

[0038] 5 - Instrument cabin assembly, 51 - Instrument cabin core tube, 52 - Instrument cabin support, 53 - Measurement - while - drilling instrument cabin;

[0039] 6 - Temperature and pressure measurement assembly, 61 - Sensor core tube, 62 - External sensor support, 63 - First underwater pressure sensor, 64 - Second underwater pressure sensor, 65 - Flow field monitoring cavity, 66 - First static sealing ring, 67 - First underwater temperature sensor, 68 - Second underwater temperature sensor; 69 - Second static sealing ring;

[0040] 7 - Downward aperture measurement assembly, 71 - Second hinge positioning ring, 72 - Second diameter measuring leaf spring, 73 - Second tension spring, 74 - Second displacement sensor, 75 - Second positioning bushing, 76 - Second diameter measuring core tube, 77 - Slide block, 78 - Third rotating hinge, 79 - Fourth rotating hinge;

[0041] 8 - Counterweight component, 81 - Counterweight extension core tube;

[0042] 9 - Bottom nozzle assembly, 91 - Nozzle transition pipe, 92 - Second nozzle. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] To illustrate the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the content specifically described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0044] To avoid obscuring the essence of the present invention, well - known methods, processes, flows, elements and circuits are not described in detail.

[0045] It should be understood that the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are for descriptive purposes only, and the features defined with "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" do not represent any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components.

[0046] Such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown in the figure, a hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill parameters that can be monitored includes a hot water pipe flange 1, a cable terminal 2, a flange adapter 3, an upward hole diameter measurement assembly 4, an instrument cabin assembly 5, a temperature and pressure measurement assembly 6, a downward hole diameter measurement assembly 7, a counterweight component 8, and a bottom nozzle assembly 9. The hot water pipe flange 1 and the flange adapter 3 are in a flange docking structure and are connected by bolts, and a sealing ring is provided between the hot water pipe flange 1 and the flange adapter 3; the flange adapter 3 is connected to the first diameter measurement core tube 41 included in the upward hole diameter measurement assembly 4, and a sealing ring is provided between the flange adapter 3 and the first diameter measurement core tube 41 to achieve flow channel sealing between the two. The upward hole diameter measurement assembly 4 together with the included first diameter measurement core tube 41 is connected to the instrument cabin core tube 51 included in the instrument cabin assembly 5 by threads, and a sealing ring is provided between the first diameter measurement core tube 41 and the instrument cabin core tube 51 to achieve flow channel sealing between the two. The instrument cabin assembly 5 together with the included instrument cabin core tube 51 is connected to the sensor core tube 61 included in the temperature and pressure measurement assembly 6 by threads, and a sealing ring is provided between the instrument cabin core tube 51 and the sensor core tube 61 to achieve flow channel sealing between the two. The temperature and pressure measurement assembly 6 together with the included sensor core tube 61 is connected to the second diameter measurement core tube 76 included in the downward hole diameter measurement assembly 7 by threads, and a sealing ring is provided between the sensor core tube 61 and the second diameter measurement core tube 76 to achieve flow channel sealing between the two. The downward hole diameter measurement assembly 7 together with the included second diameter measurement core tube 76 is connected to the counterweight extension core tube 81 included in the counterweight component 8 by threads, and a sealing ring is provided between the second diameter measurement core tube 76 and the counterweight extension core tube 81 to achieve flow channel sealing between the two. When multiple counterweight components 8 are used together, any two adjacent counterweight components 8 are connected to each other by threads and the flow channel is sealed by the sealing rings provided between them. The meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined; the counterweight component 8 together with the included counterweight extension core tube 81 is connected to the nozzle transition tube 91 included in the bottom nozzle assembly 9 by threads, and a sealing ring is provided between the counterweight extension core tube 81 and the nozzle transition tube 91 to achieve flow channel sealing between the two. Therefore, the hot water pipe flange 1, the flange adapter 3, the upward hole diameter measurement assembly 4, the instrument cabin assembly 5, the temperature and pressure measurement assembly 6, the downward hole diameter measurement assembly 7, the counterweight component 8, and the bottom nozzle assembly 9 are mechanically connected in sequence and the flow channels between them are sealed and communicated with each other.The cable terminal 2 is used to realize the power supply and communication between the control center located on the ground and the downhole drill tool. The cable terminal 2 is connected to the measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin 53 included in the instrument cabin assembly 5 through a watertight cable to form a power supply and communication connection. Each measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin 53 provided on the instrument cabin assembly 5 is connected through a watertight cable to form a power supply and communication connection. The measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin 53 is respectively connected to the first displacement sensor 48, the second displacement sensor 74, the first underwater pressure sensor 63, the second underwater pressure sensor 64, the first underwater temperature sensor 67, and the second underwater temperature sensor 68 through a watertight cable to form a power supply and communication connection. Therefore, the sensors carried on the drill tool can all perform power supply and communication connections with the cable terminal 2 through the instrument cabin assembly 5. The cable terminal 2 transmits electric power and signals between the ground and the downhole drill tool through a hot water hose integrated with communication and power supply cables, enabling the ground personnel to monitor in real time the data measured by the sensors at the bottom of the drill tool hole.

[0047] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of the upward hole diameter measurement assembly 4 of the drill tool described in the present invention. A sealing ring is arranged in the annular groove at the top of the first diameter measurement core tube 41. The first hinge positioning ring 42 and the first positioning bushing 49 are both sleeved outside the first diameter measurement core tube 41 and fixed by radial bolts. The upward spray head body 47 is nested on the first diameter measurement core tube 41 with a clearance fit, and a dynamic sealing ring 45 is arranged between them. The upward spray head body 47 together with the dynamic sealing ring 45 can move axially along the first diameter measurement core tube 41. The first nozzle 46 is connected to the upward spray head body 47 by a thread, and the internal flow channels of the two are hermetically connected. One end of the first displacement sensor 48 is fixed to the first positioning bushing 49 by a bolt, and the other end is connected to the upward spray head body 47. The first diameter measurement leaf spring 43 is arranged between the first hinge positioning ring 42 and the upward spray head body 47. The upper end of the first diameter measurement leaf spring 43 is hinged to the first hinge positioning ring 42 through the first rotary hinge 410, and the lower end is hinged to the upward spray head body 47 through the second rotary hinge 411. The first tension spring 44 is arranged between the first hinge positioning ring 42 and the upward spray head body 47. When the first diameter measurement leaf spring 43 is laterally stressed and compressed, the first diameter measurement leaf spring 43 pushes the upward spray head body 47 together with the dynamic sealing ring 45 and the upward spray head body 47 to move downward along the first diameter measurement core tube 41. The first displacement sensor 48 is compressed, and the first tension spring 44 is stretched. At this time, the first nozzle 46 and the side hole on the first diameter measurement core tube 41 form a waterway connection through the upward spray head body 47. When the lateral stress on the first diameter measurement leaf spring 43 is removed, the first tension spring 44 pulls the upward spray head body 47 together with the dynamic sealing ring 45 and the first nozzle 46 to move upward along the first diameter measurement core tube 41. The waterway connection between the first nozzle 46 and the first diameter measurement core tube 41 is disconnected, and the first displacement sensor 48 gradually returns to its original position.

[0048] Figure 3This is a schematic structural diagram of the instrument cabin assembly 5 of the drill tool described in the present invention. The instrument cabin bracket 52 is nested on the instrument cabin core tube 51 and fixed by lateral bolts. The measurement-while-drilling (MWD) instrument cabin 53 is the core component of the measurement-while-drilling (MWD) and logging-while-drilling (LWD) systems during drilling operations. It is used to obtain downhole data (such as well inclination, azimuth, temperature, pressure, formation resistivity, etc.) in real time during drilling and transmit it to the ground for engineers to make decisions. The measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin 53 belongs to the prior art and will not be described separately here. The measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin 53 is installed in the positioning holes on the instrument cabin bracket 52 and fixed by lateral bolts. A sealing ring is provided in the sealing groove at the upper part of the instrument cabin core tube 51. Each measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin 53 is connected to a maximum of four watertight cables to achieve power supply and communication. As Figure 1 shown, at least five watertight cable outputs are required at the bottom of the drill tool. Therefore, at least two measurement-while-drilling instrument cabins 53 are provided, and at least two measurement-while-drilling instrument cabins 53 are connected by watertight cables to increase the number of power and communication interfaces at the upper and lower positions.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the temperature and pressure measurement assembly 6 of the drill tool described in the present invention. The external sensor bracket 62 is sleeved outside the sensor core tube 61 and fixed by lateral bolts. The first underwater pressure sensor 63 and the first underwater temperature sensor 67 are sleeved on the external sensor bracket 62 and fixed by lateral bolts. The flow field monitoring cavity 65 is a closed cavity for monitoring the flow of hot water. The flow field monitoring cavity 65 is sleeved outside the sensor core tube 61 and fixed by lateral bolts, and the flow field monitoring cavity 65 is internally connected to the sensor core tube 61. A second static sealing ring 69 is provided between the flow field monitoring cavity 65 and the sensor core tube 61 to achieve sealing. The second underwater pressure sensor 64 and the second underwater temperature sensor 68 are nested in the mounting holes on the flow field monitoring cavity 65 and sealed by the first static sealing ring 66, that is, the internal water path of the sensor core tube 61 is in a water path communication state with the monitoring probe parts of the second underwater pressure sensor 64 and the second underwater temperature sensor 68. The first underwater pressure sensor 63 and the first underwater temperature sensor 67 are used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the external water path of the drill tool, and the second underwater pressure sensor 64 and the second underwater temperature sensor 68 are used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the internal water path of the drill tool.

[0050] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the downward hole diameter measurement assembly 7 of the drill tool described in the present invention. The second positioning bushing 75 and the second hinge positioning ring 71 are sleeved outside the second diameter measuring core tube 76 and fixed by lateral bolts. The slider 77 is nested on the second diameter measuring core tube 76 with a clearance fit and can slide axially along the second diameter measuring core tube 76. One end of the second diameter measuring leaf spring 72 is hinged to the second hinge positioning ring 71 through the third rotary hinge 78, and the other end is hinged to the slider 77 through the fourth rotary hinge 79. The second tension spring 73 is connected between the second hinge positioning ring 71 and the slider 77. One end of the second displacement sensor 74 is fixed to the second positioning bushing 75 by a bolt, and the other end is fixed to the slider 77. When the second diameter measuring leaf spring 72 is compressed laterally, it pushes the slider 77 to move upward. At this time, the second displacement sensor 74 is compressed and the second tension spring 73 is stretched. When the lateral force on the second diameter measuring leaf spring 72 is released, the second tension spring 73 pulls the slider 77 to reset and the second displacement sensor 74 gradually returns to its original state.

[0051] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the weight component 8 of the hot water drill tool is shown. The weight component 8 has a weight extension core tube 81, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove at the upper part of the weight extension core tube 81.

[0052] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the bottom nozzle assembly 9 of the hot water drill tool described in the present invention. The upper part of the nozzle transition pipe 91 is threadedly connected to the weight extension core tube 81, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove at the upper part of the nozzle transition pipe 91, so that the nozzle transition pipe 91 and the weight extension core tube 81 form a fluid passage in sealed communication. The second nozzle 92 is fixedly connected to the nozzle transition pipe 91 by a thread and forms a seal.

[0053] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the non-reaming working state of the drill tool at the bottom of the hole described in the present invention. When the drill tool is in the non-reaming working state in the ice layer, the first diameter measuring leaf spring 43 in the upward hole diameter measurement assembly 4 and the second diameter measuring leaf spring 72 in the downward hole diameter measurement assembly 7 are not compressed. The high-temperature and high-pressure hot water flows in from the inside of the hot water pipe flange 1 and finally sprays out from the second nozzle 92 in the bottom nozzle assembly 9.

[0054] It should be noted that the first diameter measuring core tube 41, the instrument cabin core tube 51, the sensor core tube 61, the second diameter measuring core tube 76, the weight extension core tube 81 and the nozzle transition pipe 91 are all tubular structures with a central fluid passage. The weight extension core tube 81 is an expandable pipe fitting for adding weight. The nozzle transition pipe 91 is a reduced-diameter transition section connecting the second nozzle 92 and the weight extension core tube 81.

[0055] Figure 9Schematic diagram of the downhole drilling working state of the drill tool of the present invention. When the hot water drill tool is in the downhole drilling working state in the ice layer, the second diameter measuring leaf spring 72 in the downhole diameter measuring assembly 7 is compressed, and the second displacement sensor 74 in the downhole diameter measuring assembly 7 is compressed. The surface staff adjusts the downhole drilling speed of the drill tool in time according to the hole diameter data measured by the downhole diameter measuring assembly 7 at this time, ensures that the drill tool can descend smoothly, and further ensures that the hole diameter is uniform.

[0056] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the uphole drilling working state of the drill tool of the present invention. When the drill tool is in the uphole drilling working state in the ice layer, the first diameter measuring leaf spring 43 in the uphole diameter measuring assembly 4 is compressed, the uphole spray head body 47 in the uphole diameter measuring assembly 4 moves downward, and the first displacement sensor 48 is compressed. The surface personnel judge the hole diameter state at this time and adjust the uphole drilling speed of the drill tool through the surface winch. At the same time, the first nozzle 46 in the uphole diameter measuring assembly 4 forms a waterway connection with the first diameter measuring core tube 41 through the uphole spray head body 47, and the hot water inside the drill tool will be sprayed out from the first nozzle 46 and the second nozzle 92 at the same time to melt the ice layer within the diameter range that the hole diameter has shrunk to allow the drill tool to pass through, ensuring that the drill tool can be safely lifted until it returns to the surface.

Claims

1. A hot water drill for polar deep ice layers with drill parameters monitorable, characterized in that, The polar deep ice layer hot water drill includes a hot water pipe flange (1), a flange adapter (3), an upward hole diameter measuring assembly (4), an instrument cabin assembly (5), a temperature and pressure measuring assembly (6), a downward hole diameter measuring assembly (7), a counterweight component (8), and a bottom nozzle assembly (9) arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The hot water pipe flange (1) and the flange adapter (3) are in a flange docking structure and are connected by bolts, and a seal is provided between the two. The flange adapter (3), the upward hole diameter measuring assembly (4), the instrument cabin assembly (5), the temperature and pressure measuring assembly (6), the downward hole diameter measuring assembly (7), the counterweight component (8), and the bottom nozzle assembly (9) are connected to each other by threads and the flow channels between them are sealed and communicated. The polar deep ice layer hot water drill further includes a cable terminal (2). The cable terminal (2) is connected to a control center located on the ground, and the cable terminal (2) is connected to the instrument cabin assembly (5) through a watertight cable. The instrument cabin assembly (5) is connected to the upward hole diameter measuring assembly (4), the temperature and pressure measuring assembly (6), and the downward hole diameter measuring assembly (7) respectively through watertight cables. Among them, the upward hole diameter measuring assembly (4) includes a first hole diameter measuring core tube (41), a first hinge positioning ring (42), a first hole diameter measuring leaf spring (43), a first tension spring (44), a first nozzle (46), an upward spray head body (47), a first displacement sensor (48), and a first positioning bushing (49). The upward hole diameter measuring assembly (4) is configured such that the first hinge positioning ring (42) and the first positioning bushing (49) are fixedly arranged on the first hole diameter measuring core tube (41). The first hole diameter measuring core tube (41) is provided with a lateral hole penetrating the side wall of the first hole diameter measuring core tube (41). The upward spray head body (47) is sleeved outside the first hole diameter measuring core tube (41), and the two are in clearance fit and form a dynamic seal. The upward spray head body (47) can move relative to the first hole diameter measuring core tube (41). A cavity is formed inside the upward spray head body (47), and the cavity has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. When the upward spray head body (47) moves to a position where the fluid outlet corresponds to the lateral hole on the side wall of the first hole diameter measuring core tube (41), a waterway seal communication is formed between the inside of the upward spray head body (47) and the inside of the first hole diameter measuring core tube (41). The first hole diameter measuring leaf spring (43) and the first tension spring (44) are both arranged between the first hinge positioning ring (42) and the upward spray head body (47), and both ends of the first hole diameter measuring leaf spring (43) are pivotally connected to the first hinge positioning ring (42) and the upward spray head body (47) respectively. The first nozzle (46) is connected to the upward spray head body (47) by threads and the internal flow channel is sealed and communicated. The first displacement sensor (48) is arranged between the upward spray head body (47) and the first positioning bushing (49). Among them, the instrument cabin assembly (5) includes an instrument cabin core tube (51) and a measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin (53) installed thereon. Among them, the temperature and pressure measurement assembly (6) includes a sensor core tube (61), a first underwater pressure sensor (63), a second underwater pressure sensor (64), a flow field monitoring cavity (65), a first underwater temperature sensor (67) and a second underwater temperature sensor (68). The first underwater pressure sensor (63) and the first underwater temperature sensor (67) are both installed outside the sensor core tube (61). The first underwater pressure sensor (63) and the first underwater temperature sensor (67) are respectively used to measure the water pressure and water temperature in the borehole outside the drill string. The flow field monitoring cavity (65) is sleeved on the sensor core tube (61), and the flow field monitoring cavity (65) is hermetically communicated with the inside of the sensor core tube (61). The second underwater pressure sensor (64) and the second underwater temperature sensor (68) are respectively used to measure the water temperature and water pressure inside the drill string. Among them, the downward hole diameter measurement assembly (7) includes a second hinge positioning ring (71), a second diameter measuring leaf spring (72), a second tension spring (73), a second displacement sensor (74), a second positioning bushing (75), a second diameter measuring core tube (76) and a slider (77). The second hinge positioning ring (71) and the second positioning bushing (75) are both fixed on the second diameter measuring core tube (76). The slider (77) is located between the second hinge positioning ring (71) and the second positioning bushing (75), and the slider (77) is slidably matched with the second diameter measuring core tube (76). The second diameter measuring leaf spring (72) and the second tension spring (73) are arranged between the second hinge positioning ring (71) and the slider (77). The two ends of the second displacement sensor (74) are respectively connected to the slider (77) and the second positioning bushing (75).

2. The hot water drill for polar deep ice layer with drill parameters being monitorable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable terminal (2) is connected to the measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin (53) included in the instrument cabin assembly (5) through a watertight cable. The measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin (53) is respectively connected to the first displacement sensor (48), the second displacement sensor (74), the first underwater pressure sensor (63), the second underwater pressure sensor (64), the first underwater temperature sensor (67) and the second underwater temperature sensor (68) through watertight cables.

3. The polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters that can be monitored according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first hinge positioning ring (42) and the first positioning bushing (49) are both fixed on the first diameter measuring core tube (41) through radial bolts to form an integral part. The upper end of the first diameter measuring leaf spring (43) is connected to the first hinge positioning ring (42) through a first rotary hinge (410), and the lower end is connected to the upward spray head body (47) through a second rotary hinge (411). The upper and lower ends of the first tension spring (44) are respectively fixed on the first hinge positioning ring (42) and the upward spray head body (47). A dynamic sealing ring (45) is arranged between the upward spray head body (47) and the first diameter measuring core tube (41), and the upward spray head body (47) and the dynamic sealing ring (45) cooperate to form an integral body that can move axially along the first diameter measuring core tube (41).

4. The polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters monitorable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement-while-drilling instrument cabin (53) is fixedly installed on the instrument cabin core pipe (51) through the instrument cabin support (52). The number of measurement-while-drilling instrument cabins (53) is at least two, and at least two measurement-while-drilling instrument cabins (53) are connected to each other through watertight cables.

5. The polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters that can be monitored according to claim 1, characterized in that, An external sensor support (62) is sleeved on the sensor core pipe (61) and positioned by lateral screws; the first underwater pressure sensor (63) and the first underwater temperature sensor (67) are nested in the mounting holes on the external sensor support (62) and positioned by lateral screws; the flow field monitoring cavity (65) is sleeved on the sensor core pipe (61) and positioned by lateral screws. The flow field monitoring cavity (65) is internally connected to the sensor core pipe (61), and a second static sealing ring (69) is arranged therebetween; the second underwater pressure sensor (64) and the second underwater temperature sensor (68) are installed on the mounting holes of the flow field monitoring cavity (65) and positioned by lateral screws. A first static sealing ring (66) is arranged between the second underwater pressure sensor (64) and the flow field monitoring cavity (65) and between the first underwater temperature sensor (67) and the flow field monitoring cavity (65).

6. The polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters monitorable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second hinge positioning ring (71) and the second positioning bushing (75) are sleeved outside the second caliper core pipe (76) and positioned by lateral bolts; the slider (77) is located between the second hinge positioning ring (71) and the second positioning bushing (75). The slider (77) is sleeved on the second caliper core pipe (76) and has a clearance fit between the hole and the shaft; one end of the second caliper leaf spring (72) is connected to the second hinge positioning ring (71) through a third rotating hinge (78), and the other end is connected to the slider (77) through a fourth rotating hinge (79).

7. The polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters monitorable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The counterweight component (8) includes a counterweight extension core pipe (81).

8. The hot water drill for polar deep ice layer with drill parameters being monitorable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the counterweight components (8) is at least two. Any adjacent counterweight components (8) are connected to each other by threads, and the flow channels therebetween are hermetically connected.

9. The polar deep ice layer hot water drill with drill parameters that can be monitored according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom nozzle assembly (9) includes a nozzle transition pipe (91) and a second nozzle (92). The second nozzle (92) is connected and fixed to the nozzle transition pipe (91) by threads to form an integral seal.

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