Roadway supporting device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a roadway supporting device and method, and relates to the technical field of roadway supporting, the roadway supporting device comprises a supporting beam, an inclined anchor cable, a connecting piece and an anchor cable tray, the inclined anchor cable is obliquely arranged, the anchoring end of the inclined anchor cable is used for being connected with a stable rock stratum, the free end of the inclined anchor cable penetrates through the supporting beam and is connected with the connecting piece, and the anchor cable tray is in a wedge shape; the anchor cable tray is arranged between the connecting piece and the supporting beam, the supporting face of the anchor cable tray is perpendicular to the axis of the inclined anchor cable, when the inclined anchor cable is tensioned, the anchor cable tray provides reverse supporting force for the inclined anchor cable through the connecting piece, and the supporting force is parallel to the axis of the inclined anchor cable. The problem that the inclined anchor cable is easily damaged due to radial shear stress is avoided, and the technical effects of improving the roadway supporting effect and prolonging the service life of the roadway supporting device are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of roadway support, and specifically relates to a roadway support device and a support method. Background Art

[0002] The coal mine roadway support technology is a key means to ensure the safety of underground mining operations, mainly by strengthening the surrounding rock and controlling deformation to prevent accidents such as roof falls and rib spalls.

[0003] In the prior art, the roof of the roadway is usually reinforced by means of cable bolt support. Specifically, a support beam is installed below the roof of the roadway. One end of the cable bolt is connected to the support beam, and the other end is anchored in the surrounding rock. For the convenience of installation, the free end of the cable bolt penetrates through the support beam and extends to the side of the support beam away from the roof. The free end is installed on the side of the support beam away from the roadway roof through a connecting piece. The connecting piece is clamped with the support beam to prevent the free end of the cable bolt from slipping out of the through hole on the support beam. In order to prevent the support beam from being damaged under the long-term extrusion of the connecting piece, a sheet-shaped cable bolt tray is usually installed between the connecting piece and the support beam. The sheet-shaped cable bolt tray serves as a gasket to prevent the support beam from being damaged by extrusion.

[0004] However, with the development of roadway support technology, the installation of cable bolts is not limited to vertical installation. When the cable bolts are inclined, the clamping position and / or angle between the connecting piece and the cable bolt tray will change, resulting in the cable bolts being subjected to radial extrusion forces, making the cable bolts prone to damage, and further reducing the service life of the roadway support device.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a roadway support device with a longer service life. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a roadway support device, in which the cable bolt tray between the connecting piece and the support beam is set to be wedge-shaped, avoiding the problem that inclined cable bolts are prone to damage due to shear stress, and improving the roadway support effect and the service life of the roadway support device.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a roadway support device, including:

[0009] A support beam, which is used to provide an upward support force for the roof of the roadway;

[0010] An inclined cable bolt, which is inclinedly arranged. The anchoring end of the inclined cable bolt is used to be connected to a stable rock stratum, and the free end of the inclined cable bolt penetrates through the support beam;

[0011] A connecting piece, which is connected to the free end of the inclined anchor cable to prevent the inclined anchor cable from disengaging from the support beam;

[0012] An anchor cable tray, which is wedge-shaped. The anchor cable tray is arranged between the connecting piece and the support beam. The anchor cable tray includes a support surface for contacting the connecting piece, and the support surface is perpendicular to the axis of the inclined anchor cable.

[0013] Preferably, the side of the support beam away from the roadway roof is an installation surface, and a limiting structure is arranged on the installation surface. The limiting structure is used to prevent the anchor cable tray from generating lateral displacement due to the horizontal component force provided by the inclined anchor cable.

[0014] Preferably, the limiting structure is a limiting protrusion. Along the extension direction of the horizontal component force provided by the inclined anchor cable, the anchor cable tray and the limiting protrusion are arranged in sequence, and the limiting protrusion abuts against the anchor cable tray.

[0015] Preferably, the limiting structure is a limiting groove. The anchor cable tray is installed in the limiting groove, and the side wall of the limiting groove can provide a lateral supporting force for the anchor cable tray.

[0016] Preferably, it further includes a vertical anchor cable. The vertical anchor cable is vertically arranged. The anchoring end of the vertical anchor cable is used to be connected to the stable rock stratum, and the free end of the vertical anchor cable is connected to the support beam.

[0017] Preferably, the inclination angle of the inclined anchor cable is 30° - 50°.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention discloses a roadway support method, including:

[0019] Step S1: Determine the thickness of the roof rock stratum between the upper goaf and the lower roadway roof;

[0020] Step S2: Install a support beam below the lower roadway roof through an inclined anchor cable, so that the roof rock stratum is in a triaxial stress state through the anchor cable;

[0021] In step S2, the inclined anchor cables are arranged at the shoulder sockets of the lower roadway.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the roof rock stratum between the upper goaf and the lower roadway roof is 3 - 5m.

[0023] Preferably, the thickness of the upper goaf is not greater than 3m.

[0024] Preferably, it further includes step S3: Set vertical anchor cables to enhance the stability of the connection between the roof rock stratum and the support beam.

[0025] The present invention has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0026] In the roadway support device disclosed by the present invention, a support beam is connected to a stable rock stratum through inclined anchor cables, and a wedge-shaped anchor cable tray is arranged between the inclined anchor cables and the support beam. The support surface of the anchor cable tray is perpendicular to the axis of the inclined anchor cables. Therefore, when the inclined anchor cables are tensioned, the anchor cable tray provides a reverse support force for the inclined anchor cables through the connecting piece, and this support force is parallel to the axis of the inclined anchor cables, avoiding the problem that the inclined anchor cables are easily damaged due to radial extrusion force, and achieving the technical effect of improving the service life of the roadway support device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the limit groove in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the anchor cable tray in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the limit projection in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Wherein, 1, support beam; 2, inclined anchor cable; 3, connecting piece; 4, anchor cable tray; 5, support surface; 6, mounting surface; 7, limit projection; 8, limit groove; 9, vertical anchor cable; 10, side plate; 11, support plate; 12, bottom plate; 13, horizontal anchor bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] The object of the present invention is to provide a roadway support device. By means of the wedge-shaped anchor cable tray, the problem of the inclined anchor cable being subjected to radial force during use is avoided, and the service life of the roadway support device is prolonged.

[0036] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-5 As shown, the roadway support device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a support beam 1, an inclined anchor cable 2, a connecting member 3, and an anchor cable tray 4; wherein, the support beam 1 is installed below the roadway roof. During use, the support beam 1 is in contact with the roadway roof and is used to provide an upward support force for the roadway roof. The inclined anchor cable 2 is inclined. The anchoring end of the inclined anchor cable 2 is used to connect with the stable rock stratum. The free end of the inclined anchor cable 2 penetrates through the support beam 1 and extends to the side of the support beam 1 away from the roadway roof; it can be understood that the so-called inclined setting here means that when the inclined anchor cable 2 is in a straight state, the angle between its axis and the horizontal plane is not 90°. The connecting member 3 is connected to and locked with the free end of the inclined anchor cable 2. When the inclined anchor cable 2 is tensioned, the support beam 1 can provide a support force for the connecting member 3 to prevent the free end of the anchor cable from disengaging from the through hole on the support beam 1. The anchor cable tray 4 is arranged between the connecting member 3 and the support beam 1. The anchor cable tray 4 is wedge-shaped. The wedge-shaped anchor cable tray 4 includes a support surface 5 in contact with the connecting member 3. The support surface 5 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the inclined anchor cable 2. When the inclined anchor cable 2 is tensioned, the anchor cable tray 4 abuts against the support beam 1. The support surface 5 of the anchor cable tray 4 can provide a support force for the inclined anchor cable 2 along the axial direction of the inclined anchor cable 2 through the connecting member 3 to prevent the inclined anchor cable 2 from disengaging from the through hole on the support beam 1, avoiding the problem that the inclined anchor cable 2 is easily damaged due to radial extrusion force, and prolonging the service life of the roadway support device.

[0038] Those skilled in the art can understand that as the "spacer" between the support beam 1 and the connecting member 3, the size of the anchor cable tray 4 must be larger than the size of the through hole on the support beam 1 for the inclined anchor cable 2 to pass through.

[0039] Preferably, the anchor cable tray 4 further includes a friction surface in contact with the support beam 1. The friction surface is parallel to the lower surface of the support beam 1, that is, the friction surface is arranged in a fitting manner with the support beam 1. When the inclined anchor cable 2 is tensioned, the friction surface is in close contact with the support beam 1. When the anchor cable tray 4 generates a horizontal movement or a tendency of movement, it can provide a horizontal frictional force for the anchor cable tray 4 itself.

[0040] Furthermore, the connecting member 3 can be an existing structure such as an anchor cable locking device, a locking nut, and a connecting fastener. It can be understood that the anchor cable locking device is a commonly used device for fixing and locking anchor cables in the field of mine support, which will not be elaborated here. When the connecting member 3 is a locking nut, a connecting section with an external thread needs to be added to the end of the inclined anchor cable 2. The connecting fastener is a common connecting member composed of two U-shaped members and a bolt structure. Specifically, the openings of the two U-shaped members are arranged opposite to each other. One end of the two U-shaped members is hinged, and the other end is connected by a bolt. This is an existing structure, and its installation method will not be elaborated too much.

[0041] Preferably, a gasket is provided between the locking nut and the supporting surface 5.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, two inclined anchor cables 2 are provided. The anchoring ends of the two inclined anchor cables 2 extend away from the center of the supporting beam 1. In the tensioned state, the left inclined anchor cable 2 can provide a horizontal pulling force pointing to the right for the roadway roof through the anchoring end, and the right inclined anchor cable 2 can provide a horizontal pulling force pointing to the left for the roadway roof through the anchoring end. Moreover, the two inclined anchor cables 2 can provide a downward pulling force for the stable rock stratum through the anchoring ends, so that the rock stratum of the roadway roof is in a three-way stress state, improving the horizontal stress environment of the roadway roof and being beneficial to the stability of the roadway roof.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the side of the supporting beam 1 away from the roadway roof is an installation surface 6, and a limiting structure is provided on the installation surface 6. Since the inclined anchor cable 2 is not vertically arranged, the inclined anchor cable 2 can provide a horizontal component force for the anchor cable tray 4, resulting in the tendency and possibility of the anchor cable tray 4 to move in the horizontal direction. The setting of the limiting structure can provide a horizontal supporting force for the anchor cable tray 4 to prevent the anchor cable tray 4 from generating a lateral displacement due to the horizontal component force provided by the inclined anchor cable 2. Compared with relying only on the frictional force between the friction surface of the anchor cable tray 4 and the installation surface 6 of the supporting beam 1 to prevent the anchor cable tray 4 from generating a horizontal displacement, the limiting structure can provide sufficient horizontal supporting force for the anchor cable tray 4 to prevent the anchor cable tray 4 from generating a horizontal displacement.

[0044] Preferably, the limiting structure is a limiting protrusion 7. Along the extension direction of the horizontal component force provided by the inclined anchor cable 2, the anchor cable tray 4 and the limiting protrusion 7 are arranged in sequence, and the limiting protrusion 7 abuts against the anchor cable tray 4. The limiting protrusion 7 extends away from the roadway roof. When the anchor cable tray 4 has a tendency to move in the horizontal direction under the action of the horizontal component force provided by the inclined anchor cable 2, the limiting protrusion 7 can prevent the anchor cable tray 4 from undergoing a horizontal displacement, thereby avoiding a change in the inclination angle of the inclined anchor cable 2 and preventing the problem that the inclined anchor cable 2 is squeezed against the side wall of the through hole on the supporting beam 1 due to the displacement of the free end.

[0045] Further, the limiting protrusion 7 is connected to the mounting surface 6 by welding.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the limiting structure is a limiting groove 8. The limiting groove 8 is formed on the mounting surface 6 and extends towards the side close to the roadway roof. In the use state, the cross-section of the limiting groove 8 is larger than the size of the friction surface. The limiting groove 8 is sufficient to accommodate the friction surface of the cable anchor tray 4, and the side wall of the limiting groove 8 can provide a lateral supporting force for the cable anchor tray 4 to prevent the cable anchor tray 4 from generating horizontal displacement.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the roadway support device further includes a vertical cable anchor 9. The vertical cable anchor 9 is vertically arranged. The anchoring end of the vertical cable anchor 9 is used to connect with the stable rock stratum, and the free end of the vertical cable anchor 9 is connected to the support beam 1. By means of the vertical cable anchor 9, the connection strength between the roadway support device and the stable rock stratum can be improved.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment, the inclination angle of the inclined cable anchor 2 is 30° - 50°.

[0049] Preferably, the support beam 1 is a channel steel, which can strengthen the support of the roof.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, it further includes a bolt. The bolt is directly anchored in the shallow rock stratum around the roadway to further improve the strength of the roadway.

[0051] Preferably, the length of the bolt generally does not exceed 2.5 m.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, the cable anchor tray 4 consists of two side plates 10 and two support plates 11. The two side plates 10 are triangular, and the two support plates 11 are rectangular. One side of the two rectangular support plates 11 is connected to each other. The two short sides of each of the two side plates 10 are respectively connected to the two sides of the two support plates 11. The long sides of the two side plates 10 serve as the friction surface and abut against the support beam 1. A through hole for the inclined cable anchor 2 to pass through is formed on the support plate 11 in contact with the connecting piece 3.

[0053] Preferably, it further includes a bottom plate 12. The bottom plate 12 is connected to the long sides of the two triangular side plates 10. Correspondingly, through holes for the inclined cable anchor 2 to pass through are provided on the bottom plate 12.

[0054] Further, the two side plates 10 are right-angled triangles, and the included angle between the two rectangular support plates 11 is 90°.

[0055] It can be understood that the side plates 10, the support plates 11 and the bottom plate 12 can all be connected by existing connection methods such as bonding and welding.

[0056] The embodiment of the present invention also discloses a tunnel support method, comprising:

[0057] Step S1: Determine the thickness of the roof rock layer between the upper goaf and the lower tunnel roof;

[0058] Step S2: installing the support beam 1 below the roof of the lower tunnel by tilting the anchor cable 2, so that the roof rock layer is in a three-dimensional stress state through the anchor cable;

[0059] In step S2, the inclined anchor cable 2 is arranged at the shoulder of the lower tunnel.

[0060] After the tunnel is excavated, a high shear stress zone is formed at the shoulder socket due to geometric mutation, which is easy to cause rock sliding failure. The inclined anchor cable 2 is arranged at the shoulder socket to achieve directional reinforcement of the key weak position, optimize the surrounding rock stress path, achieve coordinated stability of the top and side, and effectively inhibit the expansion of shear cracks.

[0061] Preferably, two inclined anchor cables 2 are provided, and the anchoring ends of the two inclined anchor cables 2 extend in the direction away from the center of the support beam 1. The method is applied to the mining conditions of a close-range coal seam group. After the overlying coal seam is mined, the roof stress of the lower coal is released, and the dynamic pressure of the upper goaf will cause different degrees of plastic damage to the roof of the lower tunnel. By providing two inclined anchor cables 2, the surrounding rock of the tunnel roof can be placed in a three-dimensional stress state, which improves the horizontal stress environment of the tunnel roof and is conducive to the stability of the tunnel roof.

[0062] It is understandable that the anchoring ends of the inclined anchor cable 2 are arranged in the roof of the two sides of the tunnel and do not pass through the roof rock layer. The inclined anchor cable 2 has strong shear resistance and can pass through the maximum shear stress area of ​​the surrounding rock, is not affected by the delamination of the tunnel roof, and can offset part of the shear stress borne by the rock beam to prevent shear failure.

[0063] The support force and prestress provided by the anchor cable can make the top plate surrounding rock body compressive stress, improve the surrounding rock body's ability to resist deformation and damage and its own strength, lower the position of the neutral axis of the top plate rock beam, reduce its deflection, increase the compressive stress area, reduce the tensile stress area, and effectively control the top plate delamination and damage. In addition, the anchor point of the anchor cable can bend and sink with the top plate, and move inward moderately, forming a closed structure with the surrounding rock, slowing down the increase in force, and forming a whole with the shallow anchor rod, so that the entire support structure is not easily destroyed.

[0064] As a preferred implementation, the thickness of the roof rock layer is 3-5m, that is, the thickness of the rock layer between the upper goaf and the lower tunnel is 3-5m.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the upper goaf is not more than 3m.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment, the roadway support method further includes step S3: arranging vertical cable bolts 9 to enhance the stability of the connection between the roof rock stratum and the support beam 1.

[0067] Preferably, horizontal bolts 13 are arranged on both sides of the roadway. The horizontal bolts 13 are anchored on both sides of the roadway to enhance the support for the roadway.

[0068] Furthermore, vertical bolts perpendicular to the roadway roof are anchored in the roof rock stratum of the roadway. The length of the vertical bolts is less than the thickness of the roof rock stratum at the top of the roadway, which can support the shallow surrounding rock. The shoulder socket cable bolts and the vertical bolts (i.e., the roof bolts arranged on the roof) and the horizontal bolts 13 (i.e., the rib bolts arranged on the ribs) form a cross-support system, which can further improve the overall stability.

[0069] As a preferred embodiment, along the extending direction of the roadway axis, multiple rows of support devices including support beams 1 and inclined cable bolts 2 are arranged on the roadway roof.

[0070] Preferably, 3 - 5 cable bolts can be selectively arranged on the support beam 1, and at least two of them are inclined cable bolts 2.

[0071] Adaptations made according to actual requirements are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0072] It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, obviously the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A roadway support device, characterized in that, Including: A support beam (1) for providing an upward supporting force for the roadway roof. An inclined cable bolt (2) which is inclined. The anchoring end of the inclined cable bolt (2) is used to connect with the stable rock stratum, and the free end of the inclined cable bolt (2) penetrates through the support beam (1). A connecting piece (3) connected to the free end of the inclined cable bolt (2) to prevent the inclined cable bolt (2) from disengaging from the support beam (1). A cable bolt tray (4) which is wedge-shaped and is arranged between the connecting piece (3) and the support beam (1). The cable bolt tray (4) includes a supporting surface (5) for contacting the connecting piece (3), and the supporting surface (5) is perpendicular to the axis of the inclined cable bolt (2).

2. The roadway support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the side of the support beam (1) away from the roadway roof is an installation surface (6), and a limiting structure is arranged on the installation surface (6) to prevent the cable bolt tray (4) from generating lateral displacement due to the horizontal component force provided by the inclined cable bolt (2).

3. The roadway support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The limiting structure is a limiting protrusion (7). Along the extension direction of the horizontal component force provided by the inclined cable bolt (2), the cable bolt tray (4) and the limiting protrusion (7) are arranged in sequence, and the limiting protrusion (7) abuts against the cable bolt tray (4).

4. The roadway support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The limiting structure is a limiting groove (8), and the cable bolt tray (4) is installed in the limiting groove (8), and the side wall of the limiting groove (8) can provide a lateral supporting force for the cable bolt tray (4).

5. The roadway support device according to claim 1, wherein, It further includes a vertical cable bolt (9) which is vertically arranged. The anchoring end of the vertical cable bolt (9) is used to connect with the stable rock stratum, and the free end of the vertical cable bolt (9) is connected to the support beam (1).

6. The roadway support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclination angle of the inclined cable bolt (2) is 30° - 50°.

7. A roadway support method, characterized in that, Adopting the roadway support device according to any one of claims 1 - 6, including: Step S1: Determine the thickness of the roof rock stratum between the upper gob and the lower roadway roof. Step S2: Install the support beam (1) below the lower roadway roof through the inclined cable bolt (2) to make the roof rock stratum in a triaxial stress state through the cable bolt. In step S2, the inclined cable bolt (2) is arranged at the shoulder socket of the lower roadway.

8. The roadway support method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thickness of the roof rock stratum between the upper gob and the lower roadway roof is 3 - 5 m.

9. The roadway support method according to claim 7, wherein The thickness of the upper gob is not greater than 3 m.

10. The roadway support method according to claim 7, wherein, It further includes step S3: Set the vertical cable bolt (9) to enhance the stability of the connection between the roof rock stratum and the support beam (1).

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