Air inlet duct for adjusting front body, lip mask and throat section

Abstract

The invention discloses an air inlet duct with a front body, a lip mask and a throat section adjustable. The air inlet duct comprises the front body, a throat adjusting component, a driving device, a lip mask adjusting component and a driving device. Compared with the prior art, the air inlet channel has the advantages of lightweight execution mechanism, simple control, compact design and the like, and meanwhile, the air inlet channel can effectively operate in a wide flight speed and airspace range, so that the requirement of large capture flow of the air inlet channel at different flight speeds is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aircraft design, and particularly to an inlet that synchronously adjusts the forebody and the throat section and meets the requirements of wide-speed-range and large-flow regulation. Background Art

[0002] The inlet is an important component of a supersonic aircraft, and the performance of its power system directly depends on the flow matching degree between the inlet and the engine. When the aircraft crosses multiple flight states such as subsonic, transonic, and supersonic, the capture flow characteristics of the inlet change drastically. If dynamic flow regulation cannot be achieved, serious faults such as inlet surge and engine stall will occur. The X-51 hypersonic demonstrator in the United States failed many tests during the experimental stage due to inlet-engine matching problems. This dynamic matching requirement has given rise to the urgency of researching flow regulation technology.

[0003] When the flow deviation between the inlet and the engine exceeds 3%, the surge margin will decrease. When the flight Mach number jumps from 2.0 to 5.0, the theoretical change amplitude of the capture flow can reach 400%. Research by NASA in the United States shows that the total pressure recovery coefficient of an inlet without a regulating mechanism will decrease by more than 40% during wide-speed-range flight, directly resulting in a 30% reduction in the combustion chamber efficiency. Test data from the Central Aeroengine Institute of Russia shows that the flow separation caused by the shock wave / boundary layer interference can increase the inlet drag by 2-3 times, seriously affecting the payload of the aircraft.

[0004] In traditional adjustment schemes, the throat and the cowl are rotated to meet the flow requirements at different incoming flow Mach numbers. However, this adjustment scheme is difficult to meet when the flow demand is extremely large. Therefore, new adjustment schemes need to be developed so that the inlet can meet the large capture flow requirements at different Mach numbers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Object of the Invention: To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a wide-speed-range and large-flow inlet with synchronous adjustment of the forebody and the throat section, which uses a single actuating mechanism to achieve precise synchronous control of the compression surface and the throat area, thereby reducing the weight and operation complexity of the actuating mechanism; and at the same time enhancing the flow supply capacity of the inlet at different Mach numbers.

[0006] Technical Solution: To achieve the above object, an inlet for adjusting the forebody, the cowl, and the throat section according to the present invention includes an external compression surface, a throat compression surface, a cowl, an inlet cover plate hinged to the rear end of the cowl, a synchronous drive device and a cowl drive device provided inside the external compression surface; the external compression surface and the cowl together form the inner channel of the inlet;

[0007] The outer compression surface includes a transition section and a first movable section hinged to the front end of the transition section. The throat compression surface includes a throat section hinged to the rear end of the transition section and a divergent section hinged to the rear end of the throat section.

[0008] The synchronous drive device includes a front body link hinged to the side of the first movable section, a slider group hinged to the bottom of the front body link, a first driver for driving the slider group to move forward and backward, a guide rod connected to the rear end of the slider group, a throat link, and a base. One end of the guide rod is hinged to the base, and the other end is hinged to the throat link. When the first driver drives the slider group to move forward to the first position, the front body link pushes the first movable section outward to move towards the lip mask, and at the same time, the throat link pushes the throat section towards the lip mask. When the first driver drives the slider group to move backward to the second position, the front body link pulls the first movable section inward to move away from the lip mask, and at the same time, the throat link pulls the throat section away from the lip mask. The lip mask drive device includes a lip mask link hinged to the lip mask and a second driver for driving the lip mask link to push and pull the lip mask. The lip mask link pushes and pulls the front end of the lip mask to rotate inward or outward.

[0009] Further, the slider group includes a first slider, a first fixed sleeve connected to the first slider, a first link hinged to the rear end of the first slider, a runner hinged to the rear end of the first link, a runner motor for driving the runner to rotate, a second link hinged to the runner, a second slider hinged to the rear end of the second link, and a second fixed sleeve connected to the second slider. A guide groove extending along the axial direction of the guide rod is provided in the guide rod. The rear end of the second slider is slidably connected to the guide groove through a slider. The front end of the second link and the rear end of the first link are hinged to the runner through the same hinge shaft, and the hinge shaft is eccentrically arranged with respect to the runner. The runner and the runner motor serve as the first driver. When the runner rotates under the drive of the runner motor and the hinge shaft is at the most forward position of the runner, the slider group moves forward to the first position. When the runner rotates under the drive of the runner motor and the hinge shaft is at the most rearward position of the runner, the slider group moves forward to the second position.

[0010] Further, the second driver includes a gear, a rack meshing with the gear, and a gear motor for driving the gear to rotate. One end of the rack is connected to the lip mask link, and the rack drives the lip mask link to push and pull the lip mask under the drive of the gear.

[0011] Further, there are two front body links, two throat links, and two guide rods. The two front body links are located on both sides of the first slider and are hinged to the first slider through a rotating shaft vertically passing through the first slider. The guide rods are located on both sides of the second slider and are hinged to the second slider through a rotating shaft vertically passing through the second slider. Each throat link is respectively hinged to a guide rod.

[0012] Further, there are two lip mask linkages which are respectively located on both sides of the rack and are hinged to the rack through a rotating shaft perpendicular to the rack.

[0013] Further, the upper end of the throat linkage is connected to the rear part of the throat section, and the lower end of the throat linkage is connected to the guide rod.

[0014] Further, the upper end of the front body linkage is connected to the middle part of the first movable section, and the lower end of the front body linkage is connected to the first slide rod; the upper end of the lip mask linkage is connected to the middle part of the lip mask, and the lower end of the lip mask linkage is connected to the upper end of the rack.

[0015] Further, the front body linkage, the first slide rod, the first linkage, the runner, the second linkage, the second slide rod, the guide rod, the throat linkage, the sleeve and the base are all located inside the compression surface; there are two front body linkages, throat linkages, guide rods and lip mask linkages, and the front body linkages, throat linkages, guide rods and lip mask linkages are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer compression surface.

[0016] Further, the synchronous drive device further includes a fixed sleeve arranged inside the compression surface for carrying the first slide rod and the second slide rod. The first slide rod passes through the first sleeve and moves back and forth under the limit of the first sleeve, and the second slide rod passes through the second sleeve and moves back and forth under the limit of the second sleeve.

[0017] Further, when the first movable section and the throat section move away from the lip mask and / or the front end of the lip mask rotates outwards, the intake air flow rate of the intake passage increases; when the first movable section and the throat section move towards the lip mask and / or the front end of the lip mask rotates inwards, the intake air flow rate of the intake passage decreases.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable effects: The synchronous drive device enables the outer compression surface and the throat compression surface to be adjusted simultaneously in the same direction, avoiding the starting problem caused by too small throat area when the compression angle of the front body compression surface is too large. At the same time, the rotation angle of the lip mask can also be adjusted to assist in adjusting the intake air flow rate; the overall structure of this scheme has the advantages of a lightweight actuator, low control complexity and a compact design.

[0019] It realizes the large flow rate requirements of the intake passage from Mach zero to Mach five, and ensures the co-directional adjustment of the front body and the throat; at the same time, it has the advantages of a lightweight actuator, low control complexity and a compact design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a side view structural diagram of the intake passage and shows the state when the intake passage flight condition is at a low Mach number.

[0021] Figure 2It is a side view structural diagram of the inlet, and shows the state of the inlet when the flight condition is at a high Mach number.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a side view structural diagram of the inlet, and shows the state of the inlet when the flight condition is at ground takeoff.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional view of the inlet of the present invention, and correspondingly shows Figure 1 the low Mach state in

[0024] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional view of the inlet of the present invention, and correspondingly shows Figure 2 the high Mach state in

[0025] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional view of the inlet of the present invention, and correspondingly shows Figure 3 the ground takeoff state in Specific embodiments

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides an inlet with adjustable forebody, cowl and throat section, including an external compression surface, a throat compression surface, a cowl 4, an inlet cover plate 6 hinged to the rear end of the cowl 4, a synchronous drive device and a cowl drive device arranged inside the external compression surface. The external compression surface includes a transition section 2 and a first movable section 1 hinged to the front end of the transition section 2; the throat compression surface includes a throat section 3 hinged to the rear end of the transition section 2 and a diffuser section 5 hinged to the rear end of the throat section 3;

[0027] The synchronous driving device includes a front body connecting rod 7 hinged to the side of the first movable section 1, a slide bar group hinged to the bottom of the front body connecting rod 7, a first driver for driving the slide bar group to move back and forth, a guide rod 15 connected to the rear end of the slide bar group, a throat connecting rod 16, and a base 151. One end of the guide rod 15 is hinged to the base 151, and the other end is hinged to the throat connecting rod 16. The upper end of the throat connecting rod 16 is connected to the rear part of the throat section 3, and the lower end of the throat connecting rod 16 is connected to the guide rod 15; the upper end of the front body connecting rod 7 is connected to the middle of the first movable section 1, and the lower end of the front body connecting rod 7 is connected to the first slide bar 8. When the first driver drives the slide bar group to move forward to the first position, the front body connecting rod 7 pushes the first movable section 1 outward to move towards the lip mask 4, and at the same time, the throat connecting rod 16 pushes the throat section 3 to move towards the lip mask 4; when the first driver drives the slide bar group to move backward to the second position, the front body connecting rod 7 pulls the first movable section 1 inward to move away from the lip mask 4, and at the same time, the throat connecting rod 16 pulls the throat section 3 to move away from the lip mask 4. That is, the outer compression surface and the throat compression surface can be adjusted simultaneously in the same direction, so that when the compression angle of the front body compression surface becomes larger, the throat area also becomes larger, thus avoiding the starting problem caused by too small a throat area when the compression angle of the front body compression surface is too large. The synchronous driving device further includes a fixed sleeve provided inside the compression surface for carrying the first slide bar 8 and the second slide bar 13. The first slide bar 8 passes through the first sleeve 9 and moves back and forth under the limitation of the first sleeve, and the second slide bar 13 passes through the second sleeve 14 and moves back and forth under the limitation of the second sleeve.

[0028] The forward or backward movement of the driving slide bar group can be achieved by various driving methods, such as existing technologies like linear driving motors, hydraulic and pneumatic devices. In this embodiment, a structure is adopted in which a motor rotates eccentrically to convert into linear motion and drives the outer compression surface and the throat compression surface to be adjusted simultaneously in the same direction. Specifically: The slide bar group includes a first slide bar 8, a first fixed sleeve 9 connected to the first slide bar 8, a first connecting rod 10 hinged to the rear end of the first slide bar 8, a runner 11 hinged to the rear end of the first connecting rod 10, a runner motor 111 for driving the runner 11 to rotate, a second connecting rod 12 hinged to the runner 11, a second slide bar 13 hinged to the rear end of the second connecting rod 12, and a second fixed sleeve 14 connected to the second slide bar 13. A guide groove extending along the axial direction of the guide rod 15 is provided inside the guide rod 15, and the rear end of the second slide bar 13 is slidably connected to the guide groove through a slider 131. The front end of the second connecting rod 12 and the rear end of the first connecting rod 10 are hinged to the runner 11 through the same hinge shaft 112, and the hinge shaft 112 is eccentrically arranged with respect to the runner 11. The runner 11 and the runner motor 111 serve as the first driver. When the runner 11 rotates under the drive of the runner motor 111 and the hinge shaft 112 is located at the most forward position of the runner 11, the slide bar group moves forward to the first position; when the runner 11 rotates under the drive of the runner motor 111 and the hinge shaft 112 is located at the most backward position of the runner 11, the slide bar group moves forward to the second position. During the rotation of the runner 11, an included angle will be formed between the first connecting rod 11 and the second connecting rod 12 with the hinge shaft 112 as the vertex during the intermediate stage of rotation, but the final state will become a state of being linearly connected end to end. Compared with other transmission methods, the linear forward and backward movement formed by the eccentric wheel rotation has a more compact structure, occupies less space, can control the stroke of the linear motion by adjusting the eccentricity, and in addition, its manufacturing and assembly costs are low and maintenance is convenient.

[0029] There are two of each of the front body connecting rod 7, the throat connecting rod 16, and the guide rod 15; the two front body connecting rods 7 are located on both sides of the first slide bar 8 and are hinged to the first slide bar 8 through a rotating shaft vertically passing through the first slide bar 8; the guide rods 15 are located on both sides of the second slide bar 13 and are hinged to the second slide bar 13 through a rotating shaft vertically passing through the second slide bar 13, and each throat connecting rod 16 is respectively hinged to one guide rod 15.

[0030] The lip cover driving device includes a lip cover link 19 hinged to the lip cover 4 and a second driver for driving the lip cover link 19 to push and pull the lip cover 4. The lip cover link 19 pushes and pulls the front end of the lip cover 4 to rotate inwards or outwards. The second driver includes a gear 18, a rack 17 meshing with the gear 18, and a gear motor 181 for driving the gear 18 to rotate. One end of the rack 17 is connected to the lip cover link 19, and the rack 17 drives the lip cover link 19 to push and pull the lip cover 4 under the drive of the gear 18. There are two lip cover links 19, which are respectively located on both sides of the rack 17 and are hinged to the rack 17 through a rotating shaft perpendicular to the rack 17. The upper end of the lip cover link 19 is connected to the middle of the lip cover 4, and the lower end of the lip cover link 19 is connected to the upper end of the rack 17. The opening angle of the lip cover 4 is enlarged through the lip cover driving device, so as to increase the capture area of the inlet flow rate to better match the flow rate requirement, and at the same time, the internal contraction ratio can be increased.

[0031] In this embodiment, the front body link 7, the first sliding rod 8, the first link 10, the runner 11, the second link 12, the second sliding rod 13, the guide rod 15, the throat link 16, the sleeve and the base are all located inside the compression surface; there are two front body links 7, throat links 16, guide rods 15 and lip cover links 19, and the front body links 7, throat links 16, guide rods 15 and lip cover links 19 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer compression surface.

[0032] In this embodiment, the number of teeth and the tooth number ratio of the gear 18 and the rack 17 need to be designed according to the actual working conditions. The general design criterion is to select the geometric structures at two Mach numbers as the design objectives. The two design Mach numbers selected in this embodiment are Mach 3 and Mach 5 respectively. By determining the number of teeth and the tooth number ratio of the gear 18 and the rack 17 at the two Mach numbers, the layout and size selection of the link are completed, and the corresponding number of teeth and tooth number ratio are determined, further improving the reliability of the matching between the adjustment mechanism of the lip cover 4 and the synchronous adjustment mechanisms of the front body and the throat.

[0033] In the specific application state of this inlet structure in the aircraft, the pneumatic state under various working conditions of the aircraft can be adjusted by adjusting the compression angle of the front body compression surface, the throat area, and the rotation angle of the lip cover. For example:

[0034] When the aircraft is in the ground takeoff state, as Figure 3 and Figure 6 shown, the lip cover 4 rotates outwards until the capture area is the largest, and at the same time, the first movable section 1 and the movable throat section 3 both move away from the lip cover 4, so that the throat area becomes the largest state to meet the large flow rate requirement of the ground suction state.

[0035] When the flight working condition of the aircraft is at a low Mach number, as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, adjust the lip cowl 4 to an angle that meets the flow requirement, and simultaneously move the first movable section 1 and the movable throat section 3 towards the lip cowl 4, increasing the internal contraction ratio in the inlet duct to ensure that the inlet duct has high performance;

[0036] When the flight condition is at a high Mach number and a large flow rate is required, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, adjust the lip cowl 4 to an angle that meets the flow requirement, and simultaneously move the first movable section 1 and the movable throat section 3 away from the lip cowl 4 to ensure that the internal contraction ratio of the inlet duct is easy to start at this time.

Claims

1. An air intake duct with adjustable forebody, lip mask and throat section, characterized in that, It includes an outer compression surface, a throat compression surface, a lip cover (4), an air intake duct cover plate (6) hinged to the rear end of the lip cover (4), a synchronous drive device and a lip cover drive device arranged inside the outer compression surface; the outer compression surface and the lip cover together form an inner channel of the air intake duct; The outer compression surface includes a transition section (2) and a first movable section (1) hinged to the front end of the transition section (2); the throat compression surface includes a throat section (3) hinged to the rear end of the transition section (2) and a divergent section (5) hinged to the rear end of the throat section (3); The synchronous drive device includes a front body connecting rod (7) hinged to the side of the first movable section (1), a sliding rod group hinged to the bottom of the front body connecting rod (7), a first driver for driving the sliding rod group to move back and forth, a guide rod (15), a throat connecting rod (16), and a base (151). One end of the guide rod (15) is hinged to the base (151), and the other end is hinged to the throat connecting rod (16); when the first driver drives the sliding rod group to move forward to the first position, the front body connecting rod (7) pushes the first movable section (1) outward to move towards the lip cover (4), and at the same time, the throat connecting rod (16) pushes the throat section (3) to move towards the lip cover (4); when the first driver drives the sliding rod group to move backward to the second position, the front body connecting rod (7) pulls the first movable section (1) inward to move away from the lip cover (4), and at the same time, the throat connecting rod (16) pulls the throat section (3) to move away from the lip cover (4); The lip cover drive device includes a lip cover connecting rod (19) hinged to the lip cover (4) and a second driver for driving the lip cover connecting rod (19) to push and pull the lip cover (4), and the lip cover connecting rod (19) pushes and pulls the front end of the lip cover (4) to rotate inward or outward.

2. The inlet passage with precursor, lip cover and throat section adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that The sliding rod group includes a first sliding rod (8), a first fixed sleeve (9) connected to the first sliding rod (8), a first connecting rod (10) hinged to the rear end of the first sliding rod (8), a runner (11) hinged to the rear end of the first connecting rod (10), a runner motor (111) for driving the runner (11) to rotate, a second connecting rod (12) hinged to the runner (11), a second sliding rod (13) hinged to the rear end of the second connecting rod (12), and a second fixed sleeve (14) connected to the second sliding rod (13). A guide groove extending along the axial direction of the guide rod (15) is provided inside the guide rod (15), and the rear end of the second sliding rod (13) is slidably connected to the guide groove through a slider (131); the front end of the second connecting rod (12) and the rear end of the first connecting rod (10) are hinged to the runner (11) through the same hinge shaft (112), and the hinge shaft (112) is eccentrically arranged with respect to the runner (11); the runner (11) and the runner motor (111) serve as the first driver. When the runner (11) rotates under the drive of the runner motor (111) to make the hinge shaft (112) located at the most forward position of the runner (11), the sliding rod group moves forward to the first position; when the runner (11) rotates under the drive of the runner motor (111) to make the hinge shaft (112) located at the most rearward position of the runner (11), the sliding rod group moves forward to the second position.

3. The air intake duct with adjustable forebody, lip mask and throat section according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second driver includes a gear (18), a rack (17) meshing with the gear (18), and a gear motor (181) for driving the gear (18) to rotate. One end of the rack (17) is connected to the lip cover link (19), and the rack (17) drives the lip cover link (19) to push and pull the lip cover (4) under the drive of the gear (18).

4. The inlet duct with precursor, lip mask and throat section adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are two of each of the front body link (7), the throat link (16), and the guide rod (15); the two front body links (7) are located on both sides of the first slide rod (8) and are hinged to the first slide rod (8) through a rotating shaft vertically passing through the first slide rod (8); the guide rods (15) are located on both sides of the second slide rod (13) and are hinged to the second slide rod (13) through a rotating shaft vertically passing through the second slide rod (13), and each throat link (16) is respectively hinged to a guide rod (15).

5. The air intake passage with adjustable forebody, lip mask and throat section according to claim 3, characterized in that, There are two lip cover links (19) which are respectively located on both sides of the rack (17) and are hinged to the rack (17) through a rotating shaft perpendicular to the rack (17).

6. The inlet duct with precursor, lip cover and throat section adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the throat link (16) is connected to the rear part of the throat section (3), and the lower end of the throat link (16) is connected to the guide rod (15).

7. The inlet duct with precursor, lip cover and throat section adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the front body link (7) is connected to the middle part of the first movable section (1), and the lower end of the front body link (7) is connected to the first slide rod (8); the upper end of the lip cover link (19) is connected to the middle part of the lip cover (4), and the lower end of the lip cover link (19) is connected to the upper end of the rack (17).

8. The air intake duct with adjustable precursor, lip mask and throat section according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front body link (7), the first slide rod (8), the first link (10), the runner (11), the second link (12), the second slide rod (13), the guide rod (15), the throat link (16), the first fixed sleeve, the second fixed sleeve and the base (151) are all located inside the compression surface; there are two of each of the front body link (7), the throat link (16), the guide rod (15) and the lip cover link (19), and the front body link (7), the throat link (16), the guide rod (15) and the lip cover link (19) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer compression surface.

9. The air intake passage with adjustable precursor, lip mask and throat section according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous drive device further includes a fixed sleeve located inside the compression surface for carrying the first slide rod (8) and the second slide rod (13). The first slide rod (8) passes through the first sleeve (9) and moves back and forth under the limitation of the first sleeve. The second slide rod (13) passes through the second sleeve (14) and moves back and forth under the limitation of the second sleeve.

10. The inlet duct with precursor, lip cover and throat section adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first movable section (1) and the throat section (3) move away from the lip cover (4) and / or the front end of the lip cover (4) rotates outward, the intake air flow rate of the intake passage increases; when the first movable section (1) and the throat section (3) move closer to the lip cover (4) and / or the front end of the lip cover (4) rotates inward, the intake air flow rate of the intake passage decreases.

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