Hydrometric cableway measuring device and measuring method based on cable winding and unwinding

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrological cableway measuring device and measuring method based on cable winding and unwinding. A set of matching structure which is specially used for winding and unwinding a pulley block and comprises a movable pulley and a fixed pulley is added on the basis of an original pulley block; through the design, the pulley device can dynamically adjust the length of the cable according to the up-and-down movement of the fish lead: when the fish lead is put down, the cable can be safely released; and when the lead fish is withdrawn, the cable can be automatically withdrawn. The dynamic adjustment mechanism not only avoids the problems of winding and breakage of the cable in water, but also ensures the stability of communication and power supply connection between the measurement equipment and the main control equipment on the pulley block underwater; by means of the wireless communication module of the central control device, measured data can be transmitted to a remote monitoring center in real time, the hydrological monitoring efficiency and reliability are improved, an efficient and reliable solution is provided for automatic measurement of river hydrology, and meanwhile the safety of the measurement process and the stability of data transmission are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydrological cableway measuring device and a measuring method based on cable retraction and extension, belonging to the technical field of river flow measurement. Background Art

[0002] In the field of river hydrological measurement, the current measurement methods still have certain limitations. Although with the development of technology, automated measurement technologies have gradually been applied, there are still some hydrological data that need to be measured manually. This not only increases labor costs and the probability of errors, but also reduces measurement efficiency, and there are significant safety hazards during flood season measurements; to achieve full automation of river hydrological measurement, improve the accuracy and real-time nature of measurement, and reduce dependence on manpower, some hydrological measurement devices need to be installed on the lead fish, and the lead fish is sunk into the water to obtain hydrological data; however, due to the particularity of the underwater environment, wireless communication signals are difficult to effectively transmit, so data transmission must rely on wired communication methods. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrological cableway measuring device and a measuring method based on cable retraction and extension. By reasonably arranging communication cables, they can be flexibly adjusted as the lead fish moves up and down in the water to ensure the stability and continuity of data transmission, and at the same time avoid potential problems such as cable entanglement or damage, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the entire measurement system and the accurate acquisition and transmission of measurement data.

[0004] To achieve the above object / to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a hydrological cableway measuring device based on cable retraction and extension, including: a main frame;

[0006] The upper end of the main frame is rotatably connected to a load-bearing wheel erected above the load-bearing rope, and the side end of the main frame is connected to a cableway pulley group traction rope that is tractioned by the first hydrological observation station to move laterally along the load-bearing rope;

[0007] The lower end of the main frame is rotatably connected to a lead fish control wheel around which a lead fish traction rope is wound. One end of the lead fish traction rope is tractioned by the second hydrological observation station, and the other end is used to connect to the lead fish, and the lead fish measurement position is adjusted under the traction forces of the first and second hydrological observation stations and the gravity of the lead fish;

[0008] The lower end of the main frame is also connected to an installation box. The central control device of the installation box collects the measurement data of the measurement devices on the lead fish through cables and transmits the measurement data to the cloud platform through wireless transmission;

[0009] The center of the lead fish control wheel is rotatably connected to a belt gear shaft extending outward from the main frame, and the belt gear shaft is connected to at least one set of wire winding and unwinding pulley groups for taking in and paying out the wire cable.

[0010] The radius of the lead fish control wheel is twice that of the belt gear shaft; according to the rising speed of the lead fish , drive the lead fish control wheel and the belt gear shaft to rotate at angular velocity, is the radius of the lead fish control wheel, then the rising speed of the fixed frame is , where is the radius of the belt gear shaft; the end of the wire cable bypasses the movable pulley and then goes downward through the fixed pulley, and its descending speed ; when , that is, when , the end speed is the same as the descending speed of the lead fish, and the two can be relatively stationary, move upward synchronously, and reach the specified measurement position.

[0011] Furthermore, when there are multiple wire winding and unwinding pulley groups, the wire winding and unwinding pulley groups are sequentially stacked and connected to the extending belt gear shaft on both sides of the main frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the wire winding and unwinding pulley group includes: a fixed pulley, a fixed frame and a movable pulley. The fixed pulley and the lead fish control wheel are coaxially rotatably connected through the belt gear shaft,

[0013] The fixed frame is arranged in a U shape. The open side of the fixed frame is rotatably connected to the movable pulley. Vertical hollow chutes are opened on both sides of the fixed frame. A rack is opened on one side of the chute. The belt gear shaft is meshed and connected to the rack on the chute. The fixed frame makes a vertical linear motion under the cooperation of the chute and the belt gear shaft. The wire cable is led out from the installation box, wound around the fixed pulley and the movable pulley in sequence, and then connected to the corresponding measuring device on the lead fish.

[0014] Furthermore, a limiting block is connected to the main frame. The limiting block is arranged on both sides of the fixed frame to limit the vertical movement of the fixed frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the adjacent wire winding and unwinding pulley groups are detachably connected or welded to ensure the synchronous movement of multiple wire winding and unwinding pulley groups on the same side.

[0016] Furthermore, two load-bearing wheels are provided. The two load-bearing wheels and the lead fish control wheel are connected to the main frame in a triangular distribution.

[0017] Furthermore, the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station are on the same straight line and in opposite directions, and perpendicular to the gravity direction of the lead fish.

[0018] Further, the installation box is made of sealed and waterproof iron sheet, and the upper end of the installation box is designed with a hollow for leading out cables of the internal central control equipment to connect to the external retractable pulley group. The cables include: twisted pair cables and enameled wires.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for hydrological cableway measurement based on the above-mentioned hydrological cableway measurement device for retracting and releasing cables, including: according to the measurement instruction, adjusting the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station, and coordinating with the gravity of the lead fish and the measuring equipment thereon to adjust the measurement position;

[0020] When the lead fish and the measuring equipment thereon reach the measurement position, collecting the data measured by each measuring equipment on the lead fish, and transmitting the data to the central control equipment in the installation box through the cable. The central control equipment integrates the data and transmits the data to the cloud platform through the wireless transmission equipment.

[0021] Further, the adjustment of the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station, and coordinating with the gravity of the lead fish and the measuring equipment thereon to adjust the measurement position specifically includes:

[0022] When the entire hydrological cableway measurement device needs to be in a static state on the load-bearing rope, the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station and the gravity of the lead fish of the load measurement equipment are equal;

[0023] The second hydrological observation station applies a pulling force equal to the gravity of the lead fish to the lead fish towing rope , after the direction change of the lead fish control wheel, the magnitude of the force equivalently applied to the entire device is , and the direction is towards the second hydrological observation station. To keep the entire device in a static state, the first hydrological observation station also needs to apply a force with a magnitude of to the towing rope of the cableway pulley group in the direction towards the first hydrological observation station to balance the forces and keep the static state.

[0024] When the entire hydrological cableway measurement device needs to be moved and the lead fish hovers at the current height, the first hydrological observation station needs to additionally apply a pulling force of to the lead fish towing rope within a short time , while the second hydrological observation station maintains a pulling force of to satisfy the left and right moving speed of the entire device , where a is the acceleration when the lead fish translates, and the lead fish remains stationary at the current height; when the entire device reaches the specified translation speed, the first hydrological observation station removes the additional acting force to keep the lead fish stationary at the current height and the entire device moves uniformly left and right at the specified translation speed;

[0025] When it is necessary to move the lead fish and the measuring equipment thereon up and down while keeping the hydrological cableway measuring device in place without moving left and right, the second hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional tensile force to the lead fish towing rope within a short time to meet the rising speed , where is the acceleration when the lead fish moves up and down. At the same time, to ensure that the entire device is in a static state, the first hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional tensile force in the direction towards the first hydrological observation station to the towing rope of the cableway pulley block within a short time to balance the forces. When the lead fish reaches the specified rising speed, the first and second hydrological observation stations simultaneously remove the additional acting forces and

[0026] to keep the lead fish rising at a constant speed and the entire device stationary; When it is necessary to stop the running lead fish, the second hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional tensile force in the direction opposite to the movement direction of the lead fish to the lead fish towing rope within a short time, and meet the stopping speed , where is the acceleration when the lead fish decelerates. At the same time, to ensure that the entire device is in a static state, the first hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional tensile force in the direction towards the first hydrological observation station to the towing rope of the cableway pulley block within a short time. When the lead fish reaches the specified speed, the first and second hydrological observation stations simultaneously remove the additional acting forces and to keep the lead fish and the entire device stationary.

[0027] Since physical quantities such as acceleration, speed, and force are vectors and have directionality, for the upward and downward movements of the lead fish, only the vector direction needs to be corrected, and the rest of the values remain unchanged.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: The present invention lowers and raises the lead fish by rotating the lead fish control wheel, which can drive the cable winding and unwinding pulley block to release and contract the cable accordingly, protecting the cable and reducing the exposure time, and ensuring the reliability and service life of data transmission.

[0029] The present invention sends measurement data to the cloud through the central control device, improving the automation level of river flow measurement, reducing manual measurement, and ensuring safety and efficiency.

[0030] The present invention conducts action transmission on the cable winding and unwinding pulley block through the upward and downward movements of the lead fish, without the need for additional mechanical control equipment, improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0031] The present invention can change the measuring device for underwater measurement according to measurement requirements, freely modify the number of cable retracting and paying - out pulley groups, and is easy to operate, improving the degree of freedom. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 is the front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is the top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is the left view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is the orthographic isometric view of the overall structure model of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 is the model diagram of the cableway pulley group of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 is the model diagram of the cable retracting and paying - out pulley group of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 is the orthographic isometric view of the structure model of multiple groups of cable retracting and paying - out pulley groups of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 is the front view of the structure of multiple groups of cable retracting and paying - out pulley groups of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 is the top view of the structure of multiple groups of cable retracting and paying - out pulley groups of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 is the left view of the structure of multiple groups of cable retracting and paying - out pulley groups of the present invention;

[0042] In the figure: main frame 1, load - bearing wheel 2, load - bearing rope 3, cableway pulley group traction rope 4, limiting block 5, lead - fish control wheel 6, lead - fish traction rope 7, gear - equipped shaft 8, fixed pulley 9, fixed frame 10, movable pulley 11, installation box 12, cable 13. Detailed Embodiments

[0043] It should be noted that:

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below through the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than limitations on the technical solution of the present invention. Without conflict, the technical features in the embodiments of the present invention and the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0045] The term "and / or" is merely a description of the associated relationship between associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Additionally, the character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] As Figures 1 - 4 Shown in an embodiment, this embodiment provides a hydrographic cableway measuring device based on cable retraction and extension, including: a main frame 1; the main frame 1 is made of alloy material to ensure rigid strength; the upper end of the main frame 1 is rotatably connected to a load-bearing wheel 2 erected above the load-bearing rope 3. Two load-bearing wheels 2 are provided, and the two load-bearing wheels 2 and the lead fish control wheel 6 are connected to the main frame 1 in a triangular distribution. The load-bearing rope 3 is formed by twisting multiple steel ropes to ensure that it can bear the weight of the entire device and the lead fish and is suspended high above the riverbank. Both ends of the load-bearing rope can be fixed by cement columns set on the bank; the side end of the main frame 1 is connected to a cableway pulley group traction rope 4 pulled by the first hydrographic observation station to drive it to move horizontally along the load-bearing rope 3. The cableway pulley group traction rope 4 is formed by twisting steel ropes to ensure that it can horizontally pull the entire device and the lead fish. This embodiment supports binding various different measuring devices on the lead fish, such as current meters, hydrographic sensors, turbidity meters, etc., to achieve automatic measurement and real-time transmission of river channel hydrographic data;

[0048] The lower end of the main frame 1 is rotatably connected to a lead fish control wheel 6 around which a lead fish traction rope 7 is wound. One end of the lead fish traction rope 7 is pulled by the second hydrographic observation station, and the other end is used to connect the lead fish, and the lead fish measurement position is adjusted under the traction forces of the first and second hydrographic observation stations and the gravity of the lead fish. The traction forces of the first and second hydrographic observation stations are on the same straight line and in opposite directions, and are perpendicular to the gravity direction of the lead fish; the lead fish control wheel 6 is made of alloy, and its inner surface is rough, capable of moving along with the movement of the lead fish traction rope 7. The wheel shaft of the lead fish control wheel is rigidly connected to the gear shaft 8 and can bear the weight of the lead fish; the lead fish traction rope is formed by twisting multiple steel ropes to ensure that it can bear the weight of the lead fish and pull the lead fish.

[0049] As Figures 5 - 6As shown in the figure, the center of the lead fish control wheel 6 is rotatably connected to the gear shaft 8 extending to the outside of the main frame 1, and the gear shaft 8 is connected to at least one set of wire winding and unwinding pulley sets for winding and unwinding the wire 13; the wire winding and unwinding pulley set includes: a fixed pulley 9, a fixed frame 10 and a movable pulley 11. The fixed pulley 9 and the lead fish control wheel 6 are coaxially rotatably connected through the gear shaft 8. The fixed frame 10 is arranged in a U shape, and the movable pulley 11 is rotatably connected to the open side of the fixed frame. Vertical hollow chutes are provided on both sides of the fixed frame 10, and racks are provided on one side of the chutes. The gear shaft 8 is meshed and connected with the racks on the chutes. The fixed frame 10 makes a linear up and down movement under the cooperation of the chutes and the gear shaft 8. The wire 13 is led out from the installation box 12, wound around the fixed pulley 9 and the movable pulley 11 in sequence, and then connected to the corresponding measuring device on the lead fish; the installation box 12 is connected to the lower end of the main frame 1, and the central control device in the installation box 12 collects the measurement data of the measuring device on the lead fish through the wire 13. A wireless communication module is provided in the central control device, and the measurement data can be transmitted to the remote monitoring platform in real time; a limiting block 5 is connected to the main frame 1, and the limiting block 5 is arranged on both sides of the fixed frame 10 to limit the vertical up and down movement of the fixed frame;

[0050] The radius of the lead fish control wheel 6 is twice the radius of the gear shaft 8. According to the rising speed of the lead fish , drive the lead fish control wheel 6 and the gear shaft 8 to rotate at angular velocity, is the radius of the lead fish control wheel 6, then the rising speed of the fixed frame 10 is , where is the radius of the gear shaft 8; the end of the wire 13 bypasses the movable pulley 11 and then goes down through the fixed pulley 9, and its descending speed ; when , that is, when , the end speed is the same as the descending speed of the lead fish, and the two are relatively stationary and move upward synchronously to reach the designated measurement position.

[0051] The wire winding and unwinding pulley set is positioned by the limiting block 5 and the gear shaft 8, works together to wind and unwind the corresponding wire 13, but operates independently of each other.

[0052] As Figures 7 - 10 shown, the number of wires 13 can be determined according to the number of measuring devices bound on the lead fish. The more wires 13 there are, the more corresponding wire winding and unwinding pulley sets need to be increased; when there are multiple wire winding and unwinding pulley sets, the wire winding and unwinding pulley sets are sequentially stacked and connected to the extended gear shaft 8 on both sides of the main frame 1; each wire winding and unwinding pulley set can be stacked symmetrically left and right on the main frame 1 to ensure the balance of the present invention, and the gear shaft 8 needs to be correspondingly extended and the diameter of the gear shaft 8 needs to be increased to ensure the rigidity of the gear shaft 8.

[0053] The adjacent winding and unwinding pulley groups are detachably connected or welded to ensure the synchronous movement of multiple winding and unwinding pulley groups on the same side, that is, they are all relatively stationary to each other.

[0054] The installation box 12 is made of sealed and waterproof iron sheet, and the upper end of the installation box 12 is designed with a hollow to facilitate the internal central control equipment to lead out the cable 13 to connect to the external winding and unwinding pulley group. The cable 13 includes: twisted pair and enameled wire.

[0055] The operation method of the above embodiment is specifically as follows:

[0056] Step 1: First, the measurement technicians of the river hydrological observation station issue an order to launch the underwater measurement data equipment;

[0057] Step 2: According to the underwater measurement data command, the traction ropes 4 of the cableway pulley group and the lead fish traction rope 7 release the traction force at the same time. The lead fish moves downward under the action of gravity, and the force is transmitted horizontally through the conduction of the lead fish control wheel 6. The main frame 1 is subjected to the horizontal force and runs towards the center of the river along the load-bearing rope 3 through the load-bearing wheel 2;

[0058] Step 3: The lead fish moves downward, and the lead fish control wheel 6 rotates due to the friction of the lead fish traction rope 7, and the belt gear shaft 8 rotates accordingly;

[0059] Step 4: As the belt gear shaft 8 rotates, the fixed frame 10 moves upward under the influence of the rotation of the gear of the belt gear shaft 8;

[0060] Step 5: The fixed frame 10 moves upward, driving the movable pulley 11 to move upward. The distance between the movable pulley 11 and the fixed pulley 9 decreases, the length of the cable 13 bypassing the two pulleys decreases, and the cable 13 falling outside the two pulleys extends. The end of the cable 13 connected to the measuring device can descend with the descent of the lead fish;

[0061] Step 6: The lead fish descends underwater, and the measuring device tied to the lead fish collects data, which is transmitted to the central control equipment in the installation box 12 through the cable 13. The central control equipment integrates the data and transmits the data to the cloud platform through the wireless transmission equipment;

[0062] Step 7: After seeing the data collected in the cloud platform, the measurement technicians of the river hydrological observation station issue an order to recover the equipment;

[0063] Step 8: According to the recovery equipment command, the traction ropes 4 of the cableway pulley group and the lead fish traction rope 7 apply the traction force at the same time. The lead fish moves upward under the tension of the lead fish traction rope 7, and the force is transmitted horizontally through the conduction of the lead fish control wheel 6 and acts together with the traction rope 4 of the cableway pulley group to change the horizontal force on the main frame 1, and runs towards the river bank along the load-bearing rope 3 through the load-bearing wheel 2;

[0064] Step 9: The lead fish moves upward. The lead fish control wheel 6 rotates under the influence of the friction force of the lead fish towing rope 7, and the belt gear shaft 8 rotates accordingly.

[0065] Step 10: As the belt gear shaft 8 rotates, the fixed frame 10 moves downward under the influence of the rotation of the gear of the belt gear shaft 8.

[0066] Step 11: The fixed frame 10 moves downward, driving the movable pulley 11 to move downward. The distance between the movable pulley 11 and the fixed pulley 9 increases, the length of the cable 13 bypassing the two pulleys increases, and the length of the cable 13 falling outside the two pulleys shortens. The end of the cable 13 connected to the measuring device can rise with the rise of the lead fish and is finally placed at a specific safe position on the river bank.

[0067] Embodiment 2

[0068] This embodiment provides a method for measuring a hydrological cableway based on the above-mentioned hydrological cableway measuring device based on retracting and releasing cables, including:

[0069] According to the measurement instruction, adjust the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station, and cooperate with the self-weight of the lead fish and the measuring devices thereon to adjust the measurement position.

[0070] When the lead fish and the measuring devices thereon reach the measurement position, collect the data measured by each measuring device on the lead fish, and transmit the data to the central control device in the installation box through the cable. The central control device integrates the data and transmits the data to the cloud platform through the wireless transmission device.

[0071] The adjustment of the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station, and the cooperation with the self-weight of the lead fish and the measuring devices thereon to adjust the measurement position specifically includes:

[0072] When the entire hydrological cableway measuring device needs to be in a stationary state on the load-bearing rope, the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station and the gravity of the lead fish carrying the load measuring device are equal;

[0073] The second hydrological observation station exerts a pulling force equal to the gravity of the lead fish on the lead fish towing rope , after the direction change of the lead fish control wheel, the force equivalently applied to the entire device has a magnitude of , and the direction is towards the second hydrological observation station. To keep the entire device stationary, the first hydrological observation station also needs to exert a force with a magnitude of on the cableway pulley group towing rope, and the direction is towards the first hydrological observation station to balance the forces and maintain a stationary state.

[0074] When the entire hydrological cableway measuring device needs to be moved and the lead fish hovers at the current height, the first hydrological observation station needs to An additional force of is applied to the lead fish towing rope internally, while the second hydrological observation station maintains a force of to satisfy the left - right movement speed of the entire device , where a is the acceleration when the lead fish translates, and the lead fish remains stationary at the current height; when the entire device reaches the specified translation speed, the first hydrological observation station removes the additional force, causing the lead fish to remain stationary at the current height, and the entire device maintains a uniform left - right translation at the specified translation speed;

[0075] When it is necessary to move the lead fish and the measuring equipment on it up and down while keeping the hydrological cableway measuring device stationary without moving left and right, the second hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional force of to the lead fish towing rope within a short time to satisfy the rising speed , where \(a_1\) is the acceleration when the lead fish moves up and down. At the same time, to ensure that the entire device is in a stationary state, the first hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional force of to the towing rope of the cableway pulley block within a short time in the direction towards the first hydrological observation station to balance the forces; when the lead fish reaches the specified rising speed, the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station simultaneously remove the additional forces and , causing the lead fish to rise uniformly and the entire device to remain stationary;

[0076] When it is necessary to stop the running lead fish, the second hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional force in the direction opposite to the movement direction of the lead fish of to the lead fish towing rope within a short time and satisfy the stopping speed , where \(a_2\) is the acceleration when the lead fish decelerates. At the same time, to ensure that the entire device is in a stationary state, the first hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional force in the direction towards the first hydrological observation station of to the towing rope of the cableway pulley block within a short time . When the lead fish reaches the specified speed, the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station simultaneously remove the additional forces and , causing the lead fish and the entire device to remain stationary.

[0077] Through the design of this dynamic adjustment mechanism for the cable set, the movable pulley can dynamically adjust the length of the cable according to the up and down movement of the lead fish: when the lead fish is lowered, the cable can be safely released; when the lead fish is retrieved, the cable can be automatically retracted. This dynamic adjustment mechanism not only avoids the problems of cable entanglement and breakage in water, but also ensures the stability of communication and power connection between the underwater measurement device and the main control device on the pulley set. Through the wireless communication module set by the central control device, the measurement data can be transmitted to the remote monitoring center in real time, improving the efficiency and reliability of hydrological monitoring, providing an efficient and reliable solution for river hydrological automatic measurement, and significantly improving the safety of the measurement process and the stability of data transmission.

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present invention and the scope protected by the claims. All of these fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrographic cableway measuring device based on cable retraction and extension, characterized in that Comprising: Main frame (1); The upper end of the main frame (1) is rotatably connected to a load-bearing wheel (2) erected above the load-bearing rope (3), and a cableway pulley group traction rope (4) driven by a first hydrological observation station for pulling it to move laterally along the load-bearing rope (3) is connected to the side end of the main frame (1); The lower end of the main frame (1) is rotatably connected to a lead fish control wheel (6) around which a lead fish traction rope (7) is wound. One end of the lead fish traction rope (7) is pulled by a second hydrological observation station, and the other end is used to connect to the lead fish, and the lead fish measurement position is adjusted under the traction forces of the first and second hydrological observation stations and the gravity of the lead fish; The lower end of the main frame (1) is also connected to an installation box (12). The central control device in the installation box (12) collects the measurement data of the measurement device on the lead fish through a cable (13), and transmits the measurement data to the cloud platform through wireless transmission; The center of the lead fish control wheel (6) is rotatably connected to a gear shaft (8) extending outward from the main frame (1), and the gear shaft (8) is connected to at least one set of cable winding and unwinding pulley groups for winding and unwinding the cable (13).

2. The hydrographic cableway measuring device based on cable retraction according to claim 1, wherein When there are multiple cable winding and unwinding pulley groups, the cable winding and unwinding pulley groups are sequentially stacked and connected to the extended gear shaft (8) on both sides of the main frame (1).

3. The hydrographic cableway measuring device based on the retractable cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable winding and unwinding pulley group includes: a fixed pulley (9), a fixed frame (10) and a movable pulley (11). The fixed pulley (9) and the lead fish control wheel (6) are coaxially rotatably connected through the gear shaft (8); The fixed frame (10) is arranged in a U shape. The opening side of the fixed frame is rotatably connected to the movable pulley (11). Vertical hollow chutes are opened on both sides of the fixed frame (10). A rack is opened on one side of the chute. The gear shaft (8) is meshed and connected to the rack on the chute. The fixed frame (10) makes a linear up and down movement under the cooperation of the chute and the gear shaft (8). The cable (13) is led out from the installation box (12), wound around the fixed pulley (9) and the movable pulley (11) in sequence, and then connected to the corresponding measurement device on the lead fish.

4. The hydrographic cableway measuring device based on cable retraction and extension according to claim 3, wherein, A limiting block (5) is connected to the main frame (1), and the limiting block (5) is arranged on both sides of the fixed frame (10) to limit the vertical up and down movement of the fixed frame.

5. The hydrographic cableway measuring device based on cable retraction according to claim 2, wherein Adjacent cable winding and unwinding pulley groups are detachably connected or welded to ensure the synchronous movement of multiple cable winding and unwinding pulley groups on the same side.

6. The hydrographic cableway measuring device based on cable retraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two load-bearing wheels (2) are provided, and the two load-bearing wheels (2) and the lead fish control wheel (6) are connected to the main frame (1) in a triangular distribution.

7. The hydrographic cableway measuring device based on cable retraction according to claim 1, characterized in that The traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station are on the same straight line and in opposite directions, and are perpendicular to the gravity direction of the lead fish.

8. The hydrographic cableway measuring device based on cable retraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The installation box (12) is made of sealed and waterproof iron sheet, and the upper end of the installation box (12) is designed with a hollow. The cable (13) includes: twisted pair and enameled wire.

9. A hydrographic cableway survey method based on the hydrographic cableway survey device for retracting and releasing cables according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Comprising: According to the measurement instruction, adjust the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station, and cooperate with the gravity of the lead fish and the measurement device thereon to adjust the measurement position; When the lead fish and the measuring devices thereon reach the measuring position, the data measured by each measuring device on the lead fish is collected and transmitted through the cable (13) to the central control device in the installation box (12). The central control device integrates the data and transmits the data to the cloud platform through the wireless transmission device.

10. The hydrographic cableway survey method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Adjusting the traction force of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station to cooperate with the self-gravity of the lead fish and the measuring devices thereon for measuring position adjustment specifically includes: When the entire hydrological cableway measuring device needs to be in a static state on the load-bearing rope (3), the traction forces of the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station are equal to the gravity of the lead fish of the load measurement device. Equal; When it is necessary to move the entire hydrological cableway measurement device and the lead fish hovers at the current height, the first hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional tension of to the lead fish towing rope (7) within the time , while the second hydrological observation station maintains a tension of , so as to satisfy the left - right moving speed of the entire device , where a is the acceleration when the lead fish moves horizontally, and the lead fish remains stationary at the current height; when the entire device reaches the specified translation speed, the first hydrological observation station removes the additional force, so that the lead fish remains stationary at the current height, and the entire device moves uniformly left - right at the specified translation speed; When it is necessary to move the lead fish and the measuring equipment thereon up and down while keeping the hydrological cableway measuring device in place without moving left and right, the second hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional tension to the lead fish towing rope (7) within the time to meet the rising speed , where is the acceleration when the lead fish moves up and down. At the same time, to ensure that the entire device is in a static state, the first hydrological observation station applies an additional force in the direction towards the first hydrological observation station to the cableway pulley block towing rope (4) within the time and ; when the lead fish reaches the specified rising speed, the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station simultaneously withdraw the additional acting forces and to keep the lead fish rising at a constant speed and the entire device in a static state; When it is necessary to stop the running lead fish, the second hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional pulling force to the lead fish towing rope (7) within the time in the direction opposite to the movement direction of the lead fish, and satisfy the stopping speed . , is the acceleration when the lead fish decelerates. At the same time, to ensure that the entire device is in a static state, the first hydrological observation station needs to apply an additional force in the direction towards the first hydrological observation station to the towing rope (4) of the cableway pulley block within the time . When the lead fish reaches the specified speed, the first hydrological observation station and the second hydrological observation station simultaneously remove the additional acting forces and and , so that the lead fish and the entire device remain static.

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