Multistage linkage explosion venting testing device and method combining explosion suppression and explosion resistance

Abstract

The invention provides a multistage linkage explosion venting testing device and method combining explosion suppression and explosion resistance, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen explosion venting, explosion resistance and explosion suppression. Comprising an explosion container, a gas distribution system, a schlieren system, a flame shooting system, a synchronous controller, a program control and data acquisition system, a sensor system, a high-pressure spraying system and a free radical distribution evolution assembly. A transparent explosion venting pipe is arranged on the explosion container, a rupture disk is mounted on the explosion venting pipe, and the explosion container and the explosion venting pipe form a whole A; a transparent flame arrester is mounted on the explosion venting pipe; an igniter is mounted in the explosion container; a first explosion suppression device and a second explosion suppression device are respectively mounted on the explosion container and the explosion venting pipe; the flame shooting system comprises a second high-speed camera and a high-speed infrared thermal imager. According to the device and the method, explosion overpressure in the device can be reduced, explosion flames can be effectively blocked, data reference is provided for real conditions, and dynamic evolution of free radicals such as OH + in an explosion container can be explored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen explosion venting, explosion suppression and explosion prevention, and particularly relates to a multi-stage linkage explosion venting test device and method combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen has the characteristics of a wide explosion limit range, easy leakage and diffusion, low ignition energy, etc., and is extremely prone to leakage and cause fire and explosion accidents during production, transportation, use and storage, resulting in huge economic losses and casualties.

[0003] Explosion suppression is an effective means of hydrogen explosion protection. However, as a highly reactive combustible gas, hydrogen has a relatively fast explosion reaction speed, strong explosion intensity and large explosion pressure, and it is difficult to achieve a good suppression effect by explosion suppression alone.

[0004] As a device for preventing the propagation of explosion flames, a flame arrester is widely used in petrochemical enterprises due to its simple structure and good explosion prevention effect, playing an irreplaceable role. However, the combustion speed of hydrogen is relatively fast, and detonation is likely to occur in the explosion container, easily triggering large-scale explosion chain accidents. Therefore, it is also difficult to achieve a good protection effect by explosion prevention alone.

[0005] As an effective means of hydrogen explosion protection, explosion venting is currently widely used in the petrochemical industry. Although explosion venting can effectively reduce the explosion overpressure, the explosion venting flame will cause high-temperature thermal radiation damage to the external space, personnel environment and equipment facilities, and thus lead to the occurrence of derivative disasters.

[0006] In summary, effective protection against hydrogen explosion cannot be achieved by explosion suppression, explosion venting or flame arrester explosion prevention alone. It is necessary to develop a multi-stage linkage explosion venting test device and method combining an explosion suppressor and a flame arrester for the synergistic effect of explosion suppression, explosion prevention and explosion venting to provide test data for real hydrogen explosion situations. In addition, the existing experimental devices cannot explore the dynamic distribution of free radicals such as OH + in the explosion container during the processes of explosion suppression, explosion prevention and explosion venting, and cannot provide a basis for describing the explosion reaction process in detail. Summary of the Invention

[0007] A multi-stage linkage explosion venting test device and method combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention of the present invention are used for the collaborative research of explosion suppression, explosion prevention and explosion venting, and provide test data for real hydrogen explosion situations.

[0008] A multi-stage linkage explosion venting test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention of the present invention includes an explosion container, a gas distribution system, a schlieren system, a flame photography system, a synchronous controller, a program control and data acquisition system; and also includes a sensor system and a high-pressure spray system; The explosion container is transparent. A transparent explosion relief pipe is provided on the explosion container. One end of the explosion relief pipe communicates with the internal cavity of the explosion container, and a rupture disk is installed at the other end of the explosion relief pipe. Let the whole composed of the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe be the whole A; a transparent flame arrester is also installed at the end of the explosion relief pipe far from the explosion container; an igniter is installed in the explosion container; A first explosion suppression device is installed on the explosion container, and a second explosion suppression device is installed on the explosion relief pipe; The sensor system includes: A first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are respectively installed on the inner walls of the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe, and are respectively used for monitoring the pressure data inside the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe; A first flame sensor and a second flame sensor are respectively installed on the inner walls of the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe; the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor are connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The program control and data acquisition system respectively controls the first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device to spray explosion suppression agent by monitoring the flame data of the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor; At least five pressure sensors, which are respectively denoted as the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, the fourth pressure sensor and the fifth pressure sensor; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively installed on the inner walls of the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe, and are respectively used for monitoring the pressure data inside the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe. The first pressure sensor can also monitor the initial gas pressure in the whole A; the third pressure sensor, the fourth pressure sensor and the fifth pressure sensor are on the side of the flame arrester far from the explosion container and are used for monitoring the relief pressure data; The flame imaging system includes a second high-speed camera and a high-speed infrared thermal imager. The second high-speed camera can capture real-time images of the flame inside the explosion container, inside and outside the explosion relief pipe, or inside and outside the flame arrester; the high-speed infrared thermal imager can capture infrared images outside the explosion relief pipe or the flame arrester.

[0009] Furthermore, the flame arrester includes: A first connection part, with a first perforation opened inside it. Flanges are provided at both ends of the first connection part along the first perforation. Let the flanges at both ends of the first connection part be the first flange and the second flange respectively. The first connection part is connected to the explosion relief pipe through the first flange; A second connection part, with a second perforation opened inside it. Flanges are provided at both ends of the second connection part along the second perforation. Let the flanges at both ends of the second connection part be the third flange and the fourth flange respectively. The third flange is connected to the second flange, and the first perforation and the second perforation are communicated. One end of the second perforation located at the fourth flange is open; A connecting sleeve is located in the first perforation and the second perforation, and at least one flame arrest disk is filled in the connecting sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the free radical distribution evolution component includes: A tracer particle spray head, installed at the top of the explosion container. The inlet of the tracer particle spray head is connected and communicated with the tracer particle storage tank. An electromagnetic valve is provided on the spray head. The electromagnetic valve is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller, and the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve are controlled by the program control and data acquisition system. The outlet of the tracer particle spray head is communicated with the internal cavity of the explosion container. After the electromagnetic valve is opened, the "tracer particles" in the tracer particle storage tank are atomized and sprayed out through the tracer particle spray head, and finally the tracer particles are dispersed in the internal cavity of the explosion container; A laser light source, located outside the explosion container, capable of emitting laser light; A sheet light source lens, installed at the top of the explosion container, on the optical path of the laser light emitted by the laser light source; used to shape the laser into a sheet laser and irradiate the laser from the top of the explosion container to the inner bottom of the explosion container 1. The laser passes through the tracer particles dispersed in the explosion container; A double-exposure CCD camera, connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The lens faces the inside of the explosion container. After the gas inside the explosion container 1 explodes, it is controlled by the program control and data acquisition system to continuously capture the distribution of free radicals such as OH + in the explosion container 1.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-pressure spray system includes a high-pressure atomization pipeline and a plurality of atomizing nozzles. The distribution directions of the plurality of atomizing nozzles are the same as the distribution directions of the third pressure sensor, the fourth pressure sensor, and the fifth pressure sensor. The high-pressure spray system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller, and the program control and data acquisition system controls the high-pressure spray system to extinguish the venting flame.

[0012] Furthermore, the schlieren system includes a light source, a plane mirror, a first concave mirror, a second concave mirror, a knife-edge assembly, and a first high-speed camera; the schlieren system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller; the schlieren system can capture the microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container, the vent pipe, or the flame arrester, and can also capture the microscopic flow field images outside the vent pipe or the flame arrester.

[0013] Furthermore, the shape of the explosion container is a cube, and the shape of the vent pipe is a circular pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, a multi-stage linkage venting test method combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention includes the following steps: S1: Explore the influence of explosion suppression parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics; S2: Explore the influence of explosion prevention parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics; S3: Explore the multi-stage linkage synergistic influence of explosion suppression, explosion prevention, and venting; Specifically, it includes the following steps: S3.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the overall chamber A; set the parameters of the rupture disk. The parameters of the gas include: the concentration K of hydrogen and the initial pressure F of the gas; the parameters of the rupture disk include: the discharge size A of the rupture disk and the static operating pressure P. S3.2: Set the explosion suppression parameters. The explosion suppression parameters include: the type M of the explosion suppressant, the particle size D, the concentration G, and the explosion suppression position condition BJ, where J ∈ [1, 3]. B1: The first explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppressant. B2: The first explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppressant. B3: Both the first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device spray the explosion suppressant. S3.3: Set the explosion prevention parameters. The explosion prevention parameters include: the material X of the flame arrester, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B, and the porosity N. S3.4: Build a multi - level linked explosion venting test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to the conditions of S3.1 - S3.3, and install a flame arrester. While inflating the overall chamber A, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle nozzle to sprinkle tracers into the overall chamber A. When the inflation of the overall chamber A is completed, the program control and data acquisition system stops sprinkling tracers into the overall chamber A at the same time. S3.5: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite. The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor the temperature data; multiple pressure sensors monitor the pressure data; the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor monitor the flame data and transmit it to the program control and data acquisition system. After receiving the flame data, the program control and data acquisition system controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppressant respectively according to the requirements of the explosion suppression position condition BJ in S3.2, or controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppressant at the same time. The schlieren system takes pictures of the microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container, the venting pipe or the flame arrester, or takes pictures of the microscopic flow field images outside the flame arrester; the second high - speed camera takes real - time images of the flame inside the explosion container, the venting pipe or the flame arrester, or takes real - time images of the flame outside the flame arrester; the high - speed infrared thermal imager takes infrared images outside the flame arrester; the double - exposure CCD camera continuously takes pictures of the distribution of OH + and other free radicals inside the explosion container 1. The high - pressure spray system extinguishes the venting flame ejected from the flame arrester; complete one test. S3.6: Change one of the hydrogen concentration K, the initial gas pressure F, the bursting disc discharge size A, the static operating pressure P, the type M of the explosion suppressant, the particle size D, the concentration G, the explosion suppression position condition BJ, the material X of the flame arrester disc, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B or the porosity N, keep the others unchanged, repeat S3.1 - S3.6 for multiple tests to explore the multi - level linkage and synergy effects of explosion suppression, explosion prevention and explosion venting, and explore the effects of explosion suppression, explosion prevention and explosion venting on the + dynamic distribution and evolution characteristics of free radicals such as OH.

[0015] Further, step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S1.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the overall A cavity; set the parameters of the bursting disc; The parameters of the gas include: the hydrogen concentration K, the initial gas pressure F; the parameters of the bursting disc include: the bursting disc discharge size A and the static operating pressure P; S1.2: Set the explosion suppression parameters; The explosion suppressant parameters include: the type M of the explosion suppressant, the particle size D and the concentration G; The explosion suppression position condition BJ, J ∈ [1, 3], includes: B1: The first explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppressant; B2: The first explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppressant; B3: Both the first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device spray the explosion suppressant; S1.3: Build a multi - level linkage explosion venting test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to the conditions of steps S1.1 - S1.2, without installing a flame arrester; While inflating the overall A, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle nozzle to sprinkle the tracer into the overall A. When the inflation of the overall A ends, the program control and data acquisition system stops sprinkling the tracer into the overall A at the same time; S1.4: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor the temperature data; multiple pressure sensors monitor the pressure data; the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor monitor the flame data and transmit it to the program control and data acquisition system. After receiving the flame data, the program control and data acquisition system controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppressant respectively according to the requirements of the explosion suppression position condition BJ in S1.2, or controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppressant at the same time; The schlieren system captures the microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container or the vent pipe, or captures the microscopic flow field images outside the vent pipe; the second high-speed camera captures the real-time flame images inside the explosion container or the vent pipe, or captures the real-time flame images outside the vent pipe; the high-speed infrared thermal imager captures the infrared images outside the vent pipe; the double-exposure CCD camera continuously captures the distribution of free radicals such as OH inside the explosion container 1 + and so on; The high-pressure spray system extinguishes the discharged flame ejected from the vent pipe; complete one test; S1.5: Change one of the type M, particle size D, concentration G of the suppressant or the explosion suppression position condition BJ in S1.2, keep the others unchanged, cycle S1.1 - S1.5, and conduct multiple tests; explore the influence of explosion suppression parameters on the hydrogen explosion discharge characteristics.

[0016] Furthermore, step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S2.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the overall A cavity; set the parameters of the bursting disc; The parameters of the gas include: the concentration K of hydrogen, the initial pressure F of the gas; the parameters of the bursting disc include: the discharge size A and the static operating pressure P of the bursting disc; S2.2: Set the explosion suppression parameters; The explosion suppression parameters include: the material X of the flame arrester, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B and the porosity N; S2.3: Build a multi-stage linkage explosion suppression and explosion prevention test device combined with explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to the conditions of S2.1 - S2.2, install the flame arrester, and the first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device do not spray the suppressant; While the overall A is being inflated, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle nozzle to sprinkle the tracer into the overall A. When the inflation of the overall A is completed, the program control and data acquisition system stops sprinkling the tracer into the overall A at the same time; S2.4: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor the temperature data; multiple pressure sensors monitor the pressure data; The schlieren system captures the microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container, the vent pipe or the flame arrester, or captures the microscopic flow field images outside the flame arrester; the second high-speed camera captures the real-time flame images inside the explosion container, the vent pipe or the flame arrester, or captures the real-time flame images outside the flame arrester; the high-speed infrared thermal imager captures the infrared images outside the flame arrester; the double-exposure CCD camera continuously captures the distribution of free radicals such as OH inside the explosion container 1 + and so on; The high-pressure spray system extinguishes the discharged flame ejected from the flame arrester; complete one test; S2.5: Change one of the material X, corrugation height H, corrugation thickness B, or porosity N of the flame arrester disk in S2.2, keep the others unchanged, loop S2.1 - S2.5, and conduct multiple tests; explore the influence of explosion suppression parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics, and explore the influence of explosion suppression on the dynamic distribution and evolution characteristics of free radicals such as OH + and other free radicals.

[0017] Beneficial effects

[0018] 1. The first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device are used to suppress the intensity of the explosion occurring inside the explosion container and inside the vent pipe; in addition, they can also achieve effective explosion venting of the vent pipe, and the flame arrester can prevent secondary disasters caused by the venting flame and overpressure to the outside. The high-pressure atomization system can effectively suppress the venting flame. The combined explosion suppression and explosion prevention multi-stage linkage venting device under the synergistic effect can not only effectively reduce the explosion overpressure inside the device, but also effectively block the explosion flame, and at the same time can also achieve effective venting of the explosion overpressure and suppression of the venting flame. It provides real data reference for real hydrogen explosions.

[0019] 2. The linkage control system inside and outside the explosion container can achieve multi-stage linkage of explosion suppression, explosion prevention, venting, and fire extinguishing, and at the same time integrates synchronous control and data acquisition, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy during the research process, and also ensuring the safety of the experimental process.

[0020] 3. After the program control and data acquisition system monitors the flame signals of the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor, it triggers the first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device, making the actions of the first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device timely.

[0021] 4. A free radical distribution and evolution component is set up, which can explore the influence of the dynamic distribution and evolution characteristics of free radicals such as OH under the coupling effect of explosion prevention, explosion suppression, and venting. + and other free radicals. Description of the drawings

[0022] Figure 1 is the structure diagram of the test device without the flame arrester installed; Figure 2 is the structure diagram of the test device with the flame arrester installed; Figure 3 is the schematic structural diagram of the first connection part; Figure 4 is the explosion diagram of the first connection part, the connecting sleeve, and the second connecting sleeve; Figure 5 is the schematic structural diagram of the second connection part; Figure 6 Schematic structural diagram of the first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device; Figure 7It is a structural schematic diagram of a rupture disk.

[0023] 1. Explosion container; 2. Explosion relief pipe; 3. First explosion suppression device; 4. Second explosion suppression device; 51. First connection part; 52. Second connection part; 53. Connecting sleeve; 54. Flame arrestor disk; 6. Rupture disk; 7. Light source; 8. Plane mirror; 9. First concave mirror; 10. Second concave mirror; 11. Knife edge assembly; 12. First high-speed camera; 13. First temperature sensor; 14. Second temperature sensor; 15. First flame sensor; 16. Second flame sensor; 17. First pressure sensor; 18. Second pressure sensor; 19. Third pressure sensor; 20. Fourth pressure sensor; 21. Fifth pressure sensor; 22. High-speed infrared thermal imager; 23. High-pressure atomization pipeline; 24. Atomizing nozzle; 25. Laser light source; 26. Sheet laser lens; 27. Double-exposure CCD camera; 28. Tracer particle nozzle; 29. Second high-speed camera. Specific embodiments

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1: See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a multi-stage linkage explosion relief test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention, including an explosion container 1, a gas distribution system, a schlieren system, a sensor system, a flame photography system, a high-pressure spray system, a synchronous controller, a program control and data acquisition system, and a free radical distribution evolution component.

[0026] Among them, the explosion container 1 is in the shape of a cube and has a cavity inside. The explosion container 1 is made of high heat-resistant glass and has the characteristic of visualization. In other embodiments, the shape of the explosion container 1 can also be other shapes.

[0027] An explosion relief pipe 2 is provided on one of the outer side walls of the explosion container 1. The installation method of the explosion relief pipe 2 is: one end of the explosion relief pipe 2 is integrally provided on the outer side wall of the explosion container 1, and the internal cavity of the explosion relief pipe 2 is communicated with the internal cavity of the explosion container 1. In this embodiment, the explosion relief pipe 2 is in the shape of a circular pipe and is also made of high heat-resistant glass, having the characteristic of visualization. In other embodiments, the explosion relief pipe 2 can be other shapes.

[0028] The first explosion suppression device 3 is installed on the top surface of the explosion container 1 through a flange. The first explosion suppression device 3 is shown in Figure 6, a through hole is provided on the top surface of the explosion container 1, and the suppressant outlet of the first explosion suppression device 3 is communicated with the cavity of the explosion container 1 through this through hole. The first explosion suppression device 3 belongs to the prior art. The first explosion suppression device 3 includes an explosion suppression tank and a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve of the first explosion suppression device 3 is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller, and the opening and closing of the solenoid valve of the first explosion suppression device 3 are controlled by the program control and data acquisition system. When the program control and data acquisition system opens the solenoid valve of the first explosion suppression device 3, due to the pressure difference, the suppressant in the explosion suppression tank of the first explosion suppression device 3 can be ejected from the outlet of the explosion suppression tank of the first explosion suppression device 3 and automatically sprayed into the explosion container 1 through the through hole on the top of the explosion container 1. For different specifications of the first explosion suppression device 3, the suppressant parameters in its explosion suppression tank are different. The suppressant parameters include the type, particle size, and concentration of the suppressant. The test personnel can change the type, particle size, and concentration of the suppressant by replacing different first explosion suppression devices 3.

[0029] Similarly, a second explosion suppression device 4 is installed on the side wall of the explosion vent pipe 2 through a flange. A corresponding through hole is also provided on the side wall of the explosion vent pipe 2. The suppressant outlet of the second explosion suppression device 4 is communicated with the cavity of the explosion vent pipe 2 through this through hole. The structure of the second explosion suppression device 4 is the same as that of the aforementioned first explosion suppression device 3. The solenoid valve of the second explosion suppression device 4 is also connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The opening and closing of the solenoid valve of the second explosion suppression device 4 are controlled by the program control and data acquisition system. When the program control and data acquisition system opens the solenoid valve of the second explosion suppression device 4, the suppressant in the explosion suppression tank of the second explosion suppression device 4 can be ejected from the outlet of the explosion suppression tank of the second explosion suppression device 4 and sprayed into the explosion vent pipe 2 through the through hole on the side wall of the explosion vent pipe 2. The test personnel can change the type, particle size, and concentration of the suppressant by replacing different second explosion suppression devices 4.

[0030] The program control and data acquisition system can control the opening and closing of the solenoid valves of the first explosion suppression device 3 or the second explosion suppression device 4 respectively, and can also control the opening and closing of the solenoid valves of the first explosion suppression device 3 and the second explosion suppression device 4 simultaneously, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the spraying position of the suppressant.

[0031] One end of the explosion vent pipe 2 away from the explosion container 1 is installed with a rupture disk 6 through a flange. The rupture disk 6 is shown in Figure 7 , and the test personnel can install different rupture disks 6 according to the test requirements. Different rupture disks 6 have different static operating pressures and relief sizes, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the static operating pressure and relief size of the rupture disk 6.

[0032] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5, one end of the explosion vent pipe 2 away from the explosion container 1 can also be installed with a flame arrester through a flange, and whether to install the flame arrester is determined by the tester according to the test requirements. The flame arrester is made of high heat-resistant glass and has the characteristic of visualization. The flame arrester includes: The first connecting part 51, see Figure 3 , a first through hole is opened inside it, and flanges are integrally provided at both ends of the first connecting part 51 along the axis of the first through hole. One corresponding end of the first connecting part 51 is connected to one end of the explosion vent pipe 2 away from the explosion container 1 through a flange. After the first connecting part 51 and the explosion vent pipe 2 are connected, the axis of the first through hole coincides with the axis of the explosion pipe 2, and the explosion vent pipe 2 communicates with the first through hole. Let the flange connecting the first connecting part 51 and the explosion vent pipe 2 be the first flange, and the other flange be the second flange.

[0033] The second connecting part 52, see Figure 5 , a second through hole is opened inside it, and flanges are integrally provided at both ends of the second connecting part 52 along the axis of the second through hole. One corresponding end of the second connecting part 52 is connected to the other end of the first connecting part 51 through a flange. After the second connecting part 52 and the first connecting part 51 are connected, the axes of the first through hole and the second through hole coincide, and the first through hole communicates with the second through hole. Let the flange connecting the second connecting part 52 and the first connecting part 51 be the third flange, and the other flange be the fourth flange.

[0034] The connecting sleeve 53, see Figure 4 , the shape of the connecting sleeve is a ring, and two connecting ears for facilitating manual grasping of the connecting sleeve 53 are fixed on its outer side. The outer diameter of the connecting sleeve 53 is the same as the inner diameter of the first through hole or the second through hole, and the connecting sleeve 53 can just be placed into the first through hole or the second through hole. Since the first through hole and the second through hole are variable-diameter structures, the diameters at both ends of the first through hole and the second through hole where the connecting sleeve 53 is located are smaller. Therefore, after the first connecting part 51 and the second connecting part 52 are connected by flanges, the connecting sleeve 53 can be firmly clamped in the first through hole and the second through hole. At least one flame arrestor disc 54 can be loaded into the connecting sleeve 53, and the flame arrestor disc 54 is clamped in the connecting sleeve 53. The flame arrestor disc 54 is a corrugated plate and belongs to the prior art. A number of small channels are opened on the flame arrestor disc 54; the tester can install different flame arrestor discs 54 in the sleeve according to the test requirements, and the explosion-proof parameters of different flame arrestor discs 54 are different. The explosion-proof parameters include: the material of the flame arrestor disc 54, the corrugation height, the corrugation thickness, and the porosity.

[0035] The schlieren system can take microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container 1, the explosion vent pipe 2 or the flame arrester, and can also take microscopic flow field images outside the explosion vent pipe 2 or the flame arrester. The schlieren system belongs to the prior art. The schlieren system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller, and the microscopic flow field images taken by the schlieren system can be transmitted to the program control and data acquisition system, and the program control and data acquisition system can control the schlieren system to start.

[0036] The schlieren system includes a light source 7, a plane mirror 8, a first concave mirror 9, a second concave mirror 10, a knife-edge assembly 11, and a first high-speed camera 12.

[0037] The specific shooting process of the schlieren system is as follows: The light emitted by the light source 7 is reflected by the plane mirror 8 to the first concave mirror 9, and then passes through the glass explosion container 1, the explosion vent pipe 2, or the inside of the flame arrester by the first concave mirror 9 and irradiates the second concave mirror 10. The second concave mirror 10 reflects and passes through the knife-edge assembly 11, and finally is captured by the first high-speed camera 12, and the first high-speed camera 12 takes the microscopic flow field image inside the explosion container 1, the explosion vent pipe 2, or the flame arrester. Or, the light emitted by the light source 7 is reflected by the plane mirror 8 to the first concave mirror 9, and then passes through the area outside the explosion vent pipe 2 or the flame arrester by the first concave mirror 9 and irradiates the second concave mirror 10. The second concave mirror 10 reflects and passes through the knife-edge assembly 11, and finally is captured by the first high-speed camera 12, and the first high-speed camera 12 takes the microscopic flow field image outside the explosion vent pipe 2 or the flame arrester.

[0038] The gas distribution system is used to fill the explosion container 1 with hydrogen and air. The gas distribution system belongs to the prior art. The gas distribution system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The program control and data acquisition system can control the start and stop of the gas distribution system, and can also control the sending of gas distribution data to the gas distribution system. The gas distribution data includes: data such as the ratio and volume of hydrogen and air.

[0039] The gas distribution system includes a vacuum pump, a pipeline connected to the vacuum pump, a hydrogen tank, a pipeline connected to the hydrogen tank, an air tank, and a pipeline connected to the air tank. The above pipelines are respectively connected and communicated with the explosion container 1, and corresponding valves are installed on the corresponding pipelines. Let the whole composed of the explosion container 1 and the explosion vent pipe 2 be the whole A.

[0040] The gas distribution process of the gas distribution system is as follows: The program control and data acquisition system sends a start gas distribution signal to the gas distribution system and sends the corresponding gas distribution data to the gas distribution system. The gas distribution system starts gas distribution according to the corresponding gas distribution data. The specific process is as follows: The vacuum pump and the corresponding pipeline of the gas distribution system are opened, and the vacuum pump pumps the air inside the cavity of the whole A out of the whole A, so that the inside of the cavity of the whole A is in a vacuum state. After the vacuum pumping is completed, the gas distribution system controls the closing of the valves on the corresponding pipelines.

[0041] Then, the gas distribution system opens through the hydrogen tank and the valves on the corresponding pipelines, and fills a certain volume of hydrogen into the cavity of the whole A according to the gas distribution data. After the hydrogen filling is completed, the valves on the corresponding pipelines are closed; Then, the gas distribution system is opened through the air tank and the valves on the corresponding pipelines, and a certain volume of air is filled into the whole A according to the gas distribution data. After the air filling is completed, the valves on the corresponding pipelines are closed; thus, the gas distribution process is completed.

[0042] The program control and data acquisition system changes the gas distribution data, so that the volumes of hydrogen and air filled into the whole A by the gas distribution system change, thereby changing the concentration of hydrogen in the whole A or changing the initial pressure of the gas in the whole A.

[0043] The sensor system includes: The first temperature sensor 13 is installed on the inner wall of the explosion container 1 and is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through the synchronization controller. After the hydrogen explosion, the program control and data acquisition system monitors the temperature field data of the whole explosion process in the explosion container 1 through the first temperature sensor 13.

[0044] The second temperature sensor 14 is installed on the inner wall of the explosion relief pipe 2 and is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through the synchronization controller. After the hydrogen explosion, the program control and data acquisition system monitors the temperature field data of the whole explosion process in the explosion relief pipe 2 through the second temperature sensor 14.

[0045] The first flame sensor 15 is installed on the inner wall of the explosion container 1 and is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through the synchronization controller. After the hydrogen explosion, the program control and data acquisition system monitors the flame in the explosion container 1 through the first flame sensor 15. The first flame sensor 15 transmits the collected flame data to the program control and data acquisition system. According to the flame data monitored by the first flame sensor 15, the program control and data acquisition system can quickly start the first explosion suppression device 3.

[0046] The second flame sensor 16 is installed on the inner wall of the explosion relief pipe 2 and is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through the synchronization controller. After the hydrogen explosion, the program control and data acquisition system monitors the flame in the explosion relief pipe 2 through the second flame sensor 16. The second flame sensor 16 transmits the collected flame data to the program control and data acquisition system. According to the flame data monitored by the second flame sensor 16, the program control and data acquisition system can quickly start the second explosion suppression device 4.

[0047] Multiple pressure sensors. In this embodiment, there are a total of five pressure sensors, which are respectively denoted as the first pressure sensor 17, the second pressure sensor 18, the third pressure sensor 19, the fourth pressure sensor 20, and the fifth pressure sensor 21. The five pressure sensors are all connected to the program control and data acquisition system through the synchronization controller.

[0048] Among them, the first pressure sensor 17 is installed on the inner wall of the explosion container 1. During gas distribution, the first pressure sensor 17 can monitor the initial pressure of the gas in the explosion container 1; after the hydrogen explosion, the first pressure sensor 17 can also monitor the pressure field data of the entire explosion process in the explosion container 1.

[0049] The second pressure sensor 18 is installed on the inner wall of the flame vent pipe 2; after the hydrogen explosion, the second pressure sensor 18 can monitor the pressure field data of the entire explosion process in the flame vent pipe 2.

[0050] The third pressure sensor 19, the fourth pressure sensor 20 and the fifth pressure sensor 21 are arranged at equal distances along the axis of the flame arrester. The third pressure sensor 19, the fourth pressure sensor 20 and the fifth pressure sensor 21 are on the side of the flame arrester away from the explosion container 1, and the distances between the third pressure sensor 19, the fourth pressure sensor 20, the fifth pressure sensor 21 and the flame arrester can be adjusted according to the actual test situation. After the hydrogen explosion, the third pressure sensor 19, the fourth pressure sensor 20 and the fifth pressure sensor 21 can monitor the pressure field data of the entire process of the discharge flame released from the flame arrester.

[0051] The flame imaging system includes a second high-speed camera 29 and a high-speed infrared thermal imager 22. The second high-speed camera 29 and the high-speed infrared thermal imager 22 are both connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronization controller. The second high-speed camera 29 can capture real-time images of the flame inside the explosion container 1, inside and outside the flame vent pipe 2, or inside and outside the flame arrester. The high-speed infrared thermal imager 22 can capture infrared images outside the flame vent pipe 2 or the flame arrester. An igniter is installed in the explosion container 1. The igniter is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronization controller. After the gas distribution is completed, the tester manually controls the igniter to be energized to generate an electric spark through the program control and data acquisition system, causing the gas in the explosion container 1 to explode. Before the igniter ignites, ensure that the flame imaging system and the schlieren system are turned on.

[0052] The high-pressure spray system includes: a high-pressure atomization pipeline 23 and a plurality of atomizing nozzles 24. The arrangement directions of the plurality of atomizing nozzles 24 are the same as the arrangement directions of the third pressure sensor 19, the fourth pressure sensor 20 and the fifth pressure sensor 21. The high-pressure spray system can extinguish the discharge flame at the end of the flame arrester away from the flame vent pipe and prevent the explosion discharge flame from spreading. The high-pressure spray system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronization controller, and the program control and data acquisition system controls the high-pressure spray system to spray. The program control and data acquisition system sprays the fire extinguishing agent on the flame outside the flame arrester through the high-pressure spray system. The fire extinguishing agent can isolate oxygen and thermal radiation and inhibit the continuous combustion of the flame through chemical reactions, effectively inhibiting the spread and diffusion of the discharge flame and weakening the damage caused by the flame to the external personnel environment and equipment facilities.

[0053] The free radical distribution evolution component includes: A tracer particle spray head 28, installed at the top of the explosion container 1. The inlet of the tracer particle spray head is connected and communicated with the tracer particle storage tank. An electromagnetic valve is arranged on the tracer particle spray head 28. The electromagnetic valve is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve are controlled by the program control and data acquisition system. The outlet of the tracer particle spray head is communicated with the inner cavity of the explosion container 1. After the electromagnetic valve is opened, due to the pressure difference, the "tracer particles" (such as hydrogen peroxide) in the tracer particle storage tank are atomized and sprayed out through the tracer particle spray head, and finally the tracer particles are scattered in the inner cavity of the explosion container 1.

[0054] A laser light source 25, located outside the explosion container 1, capable of emitting laser light.

[0055] A sheet light source lens 26, installed at the top of the explosion container 1, on the optical path of the laser light emitted by the laser light source 25; used to shape the laser into sheet laser light and irradiate the laser from the top of the explosion container 1 to the bottom inside the explosion container 1; the laser is shaped into a fan shape inside the explosion container 1 and passes through the tracer particles scattered in the explosion container 1.

[0056] A double-exposure CCD camera, connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller, with the lens facing the inside of the explosion container 1. After the gas inside the explosion container 1 explodes, under the control of the program control and data acquisition system, it continuously takes pictures of the distribution of free radicals such as OH + inside the explosion container 1. Then, combined with software, through image analysis technology, the images taken twice are analyzed to obtain the dynamic distribution evolution characteristics of free radicals such as OH + inside the images taken twice.

[0057] Example 2: A multi-stage linkage explosion relief test method combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention includes the following steps: S1: Explore the influence of explosion suppression parameters on the explosion relief characteristics of hydrogen explosion.

[0058] Specifically, it includes the following steps: S1.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the overall cavity A; set the parameters of the rupture disc; The parameters of the gas include: the concentration K of hydrogen and the initial pressure F of the gas; the parameters of the rupture disc include: the relief size A of the rupture disc and the static operating pressure P. S1.2: Set the explosion suppression parameters; The explosion suppression parameters include explosion suppressant parameters and explosion suppression position conditions; Among them, the explosion suppressant parameters include: the type M of the explosion suppressant, the particle size D, and the concentration G; The explosion suppression position condition BJ, J ∈ [1, 3], includes: B1: The first explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppressant; B2: The first explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppressant; B3: Both the first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device spray the explosion suppressant; S1.3: Build a multi-stage linkage explosion venting test device that combines explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to the conditions in steps S1.1 - S1.2, without installing a flame arrester; While inflating the overall A, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle nozzle to sprinkle the tracer into the overall A. When the inflation of the overall A is completed, the program control and data acquisition system simultaneously stops sprinkling the tracer into the overall A; S1.4: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor the temperature data; multiple pressure sensors monitor the pressure data; the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor monitor the flame data and transmit it to the program control and data acquisition system. After receiving the flame data, the program control and data acquisition system controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppressant respectively according to the requirements of the explosion suppression position situation BJ in S1.2, or controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppressant simultaneously; The schlieren system takes pictures of the microscopic flow field inside the explosion container or the venting pipe, or takes pictures of the microscopic flow field outside the venting pipe; the second high-speed camera 29 takes real-time pictures of the flame inside the explosion container or the venting pipe, or takes real-time pictures of the flame outside the venting pipe; the high-speed infrared thermal imager takes infrared pictures outside the venting pipe; the double-exposure CCD camera continuously takes pictures of the distribution images of OH + and other free radicals; The high-pressure spray system extinguishes the venting flame ejected from the venting pipe; complete one test; S1.5: Change one of the types M, particle sizes D, concentrations G of the explosion suppressant or the explosion suppression position situation BJ in S1.2, keep the others unchanged, and cycle S1.1 - S1.5 for multiple tests; explore the influence of explosion suppression parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics, and explore the influence of explosion suppression on the dynamic distribution and evolution characteristics of OH + and other free radicals.

[0059] S2: Explore the influence of explosion prevention parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics.

[0060] Specifically, it includes the following steps: S2.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the cavity of the overall A; set the parameters of the rupture disk; The parameters of the gas include: the concentration K of hydrogen and the initial pressure F of the gas; the parameters of the rupture disk include: the discharge size A of the rupture disk and the static operating pressure P; S2.2: Set the explosion suppression parameters; The explosion suppression parameters include: the material X of the flame arrester disk, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B, and the porosity N; S2.3: Build a multi-stage linkage explosion venting test device combining explosion suppression and explosion suppression according to the conditions of S2.1 - S2.2, install a flame arrester, and the first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device do not spray explosion suppression agent; While inflating the whole A, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle spray head to spread the tracer agent into the whole A. When the inflation of the whole A is completed, the program control and data acquisition system stops spreading the tracer agent into the whole A at the same time; S2.4: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor the temperature data; multiple pressure sensors monitor the pressure data; The schlieren system takes pictures of the microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container, the venting pipe or the flame arrester, or takes pictures of the microscopic flow field images outside the flame arrester; the second high-speed camera 29 takes real-time images of the flame inside the explosion container, the venting pipe or the flame arrester, or takes real-time images of the flame outside the flame arrester; the high-speed infrared thermal imager takes infrared images outside the flame arrester; the double-exposure CCD camera continuously takes pictures of the distribution images of OH + and other free radicals; The high-pressure spray system extinguishes the venting flame ejected by the flame arrester; complete one test; S2.5: Change one of the material X of the flame arrester disk, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B or the porosity N in S2.2, keep the others unchanged, cycle S2.1 - S2.5, and conduct multiple tests; explore the influence of the explosion suppression parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics, and explore the influence of the explosion suppression on the dynamic distribution and evolution characteristics of OH + and other free radicals.

[0061] S3: Explore the multi-stage linkage and collaborative influence of explosion suppression, explosion suppression and explosion venting.

[0062] Specifically, it includes the following steps: S3.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the cavity of the whole A; set the parameters of the rupture disk; The parameters of the gas include: the concentration K of hydrogen and the initial pressure F of the gas; the parameters of the rupture disk include: the discharge size A of the rupture disk and the static operating pressure P; S3.2: Set the explosion suppression parameters; The explosion suppression parameters include: the type M of the explosion suppression agent, the particle size D, the concentration G, and the explosion suppression position condition BJ, J ∈ [1, 3]; B1: The first explosion suppression device sprays explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device does not spray explosion suppressant; B2: The first explosion suppression device does not spray explosion suppression agent, and the second explosion suppression device sprays explosion suppression agent; B3: Both the first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device spray explosion suppressant; S3.3: Set explosion-proof parameters; The explosion-proof parameters include: the material X of the flame-proof disk, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B and the porosity N; S3.4: Build a multi-stage linkage explosion relief test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to the conditions of S3.1-S3.3, and install a flame arrester; While the whole A is being inflated, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle nozzle to spread the tracer into the whole A. When the whole A is inflated, the program control and data acquisition system simultaneously stops spreading the tracer into the whole A. S3.5: The program control and data acquisition system controls the ignition of the igniter; The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor temperature data; the plurality of pressure sensors monitor pressure data; the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor monitor flame data and transmit the flame data to the program control and data acquisition system. After the program control and data acquisition system receives the flame data, the program control and data acquisition system controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppression agent respectively, or controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppression agent simultaneously according to the requirements of the explosion suppression position condition BJ in S3.2; The Schlieren system takes microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container, venting tube or flame arrester, or takes microscopic flow field images outside the flame arrester; the second high-speed camera 29 takes real-time images of flames inside the explosion container, venting tube or flame arrester, or takes real-time images of flames outside the flame arrester; the high-speed infrared thermal imager takes infrared images outside the flame arrester; the double-exposure CCD camera continuously takes images of the OH inside the explosion container 1 + Distribution images of free radicals; The high-pressure spray system extinguishes the discharge flame sprayed from the flame arrester; a test is completed; S3.6: Change one of the following: hydrogen concentration K, initial gas pressure F, bursting disc release size A, static action pressure P, explosion suppressant type M, particle size D, concentration G, explosion suppression location BJ, flame arrester material X, corrugation height H, corrugation thickness B or porosity N, and keep the others unchanged. Repeat S3.1-S3.6 and conduct multiple tests to explore the synergistic effects of explosion suppression, explosion blocking and explosion venting, and explore the effects of explosion suppression, explosion blocking and explosion venting on OH. + The influence of the dynamic distribution evolution characteristics of free radicals.

[0063] Taking the above-described ideal embodiments of the present invention as an inspiration, through the above description, relevant staff can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-stage linkage explosion venting test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention, comprising an explosion container, a gas distribution system, a schlieren system, a flame photography system, a synchronous controller, and a program control and data acquisition system; characterized in that, It also includes a sensor system, a high-pressure spray system, and a free radical distribution and evolution component; The explosion container is transparent. A transparent explosion relief pipe is provided on the explosion container. One end of the explosion relief pipe is communicated with the internal cavity of the explosion container, and a rupture disk is installed at the other end of the explosion relief pipe. Let the whole formed by the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe be the whole A; a transparent flame arrester is also installed at the end of the explosion relief pipe away from the explosion container; an igniter is installed in the explosion container; A first explosion suppression device is installed on the explosion container, and a second explosion suppression device is installed on the explosion relief pipe; The sensor system includes: A first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, which are respectively installed on the inner walls of the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe, and are respectively used for monitoring the temperature data inside the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe; A first flame sensor and a second flame sensor, which are respectively installed on the inner walls of the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe; the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor are connected to a program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The program control and data acquisition system controls the first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device to spray explosion suppression agent by monitoring the flame data of the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor respectively; At least five pressure sensors, which are respectively denoted as a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor, a fourth pressure sensor, and a fifth pressure sensor; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively installed on the inner walls of the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe, and are respectively used for monitoring the pressure data inside the explosion container and the explosion relief pipe. The first pressure sensor can also monitor the initial gas pressure in the whole A; the third pressure sensor, the fourth pressure sensor, and the fifth pressure sensor are on the side of the flame arrester away from the explosion container and are used for monitoring the pressure data in the external relief space; The flame photographing system includes a second high-speed camera and a high-speed infrared thermal imager. The second high-speed camera can photograph the real-time flame images inside the explosion container, inside and outside the explosion relief pipe, or inside and outside the flame arrester; the high-speed infrared thermal imager can photograph the infrared images of the external relief flame of the explosion relief pipe or the flame arrester.

2. The multi - stage linked explosion relief test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame arrester includes: A first connection part, with a first through hole opened inside it. Flanges are provided at both ends of the first connection part along the first through hole. Let the flanges at both ends of the first connection part be the first flange and the second flange respectively. The first connection part is connected to the explosion relief pipe through the first flange; A second connection part, with a second through hole opened inside it. Flanges are provided at both ends of the second connection part along the second through hole. Let the flanges at both ends of the second connection part be the third flange and the fourth flange respectively. The third flange is connected to the second flange, and the first through hole and the second through hole are communicated. One end of the second through hole located at the fourth flange is open; A connecting sleeve, which is in the first through hole and the second through hole, and at least one flame arrest disk is filled in the connecting sleeve.

3. The multi-stage linkage explosion relief test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to claim 2, characterized in that, The free radical distribution and evolution component includes: A tracer particle spray head is installed at the top of the explosion container. The inlet of the tracer particle spray head is connected and communicated with the tracer particle storage tank. An electromagnetic valve is arranged on the spray head. The electromagnetic valve is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve are controlled by the program control and data acquisition system. The outlet of the tracer particle spray head is communicated with the internal cavity of the explosion container. After the electromagnetic valve is opened, the "tracer particles" in the tracer particle storage tank are atomized and sprayed out through the tracer particle spray head. Finally, the tracer particles are scattered in the internal cavity of the explosion container; A laser light source is located outside the explosion container and can emit laser light; A sheet light source lens is installed at the top of the explosion container and is on the optical path of the laser light emitted by the laser light source; it is used to shape the laser into a sheet laser and irradiate the laser from the top of the explosion container to the inner bottom of the explosion container 1. The laser passes through the tracer particles scattered in the explosion container; A double-exposure CCD camera, connected to a program control and data acquisition system through a synchronization controller, with the lens facing the inside of the explosion container. After the gas inside the explosion container 1 explodes, it is controlled by the program control and data acquisition system to continuously capture the distribution of free radicals such as OH inside the explosion container 1. + and so on.

4. A multi - stage linkage explosion venting test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-pressure spray system includes a high-pressure atomization pipeline and a plurality of atomizing nozzles. The arrangement directions of the plurality of atomizing nozzles are the same as the arrangement directions of the third pressure sensor, the fourth pressure sensor, and the fifth pressure sensor. The high-pressure spray system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The program control and data acquisition system controls the high-pressure spray system to extinguish the venting flame.

5. The multi-stage linkage explosion relief test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to claim 4, wherein, The schlieren system includes a light source, a plane mirror, a first concave mirror, a second concave mirror, a knife-edge assembly, and a first high-speed camera; the schlieren system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller; the schlieren system can capture microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container, the vent pipe, or the flame arrester, and can also capture microscopic flow field images outside the vent pipe or the flame arrester.

6. The multi - stage linkage explosion - venting test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to claim 5, characterized in that, The explosion container is cube-shaped, and the vent pipe is circular.

7. A multi - stage linkage explosion venting test method combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention, based on a multi - stage linkage explosion venting test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Explore the influence of explosion suppression parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics; S2: Explore the influence of explosion prevention parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics; S3: Explore the multi-stage linkage and synergistic influence of explosion suppression, explosion prevention, and explosion venting; Specifically, it includes the following steps: S3.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the overall cavity A; set the parameters of the rupture disk; The parameters of the gas include: the concentration K of hydrogen, the initial pressure F of the gas; the parameters of the rupture disk include: the venting size A and the static operating pressure P of the rupture disk; S3.2: Set the explosion suppression parameters; The explosion suppression parameters include: the type M of the explosion suppressant, the particle size D, the concentration G, and the explosion suppression position condition BJ, J ∈ [1, 3]; B1: The first explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppressant; B2: The first explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppressant, and the second explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppressant; B3: Both the first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device spray the explosion suppressant; S3.3: Set the explosion prevention parameters; The explosion prevention parameters include: the material X of the flame arrestor disk, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B, and the porosity N; S3.4: Build a multi-stage linkage explosion venting test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to the conditions of S3.1 - S3.3, and install a flame arrester; While inflating the whole body A, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle nozzle to sprinkle the tracer agent into the whole body A. When the inflation of the whole body A is completed, the program control and data acquisition system simultaneously stops sprinkling the tracer agent into the whole body A; S3.5: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor the temperature data; multiple pressure sensors monitor the pressure data; the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor monitor the flame data and transmit it to the program control and data acquisition system. After receiving the flame data, the program control and data acquisition system controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppression agent respectively according to the requirements of the explosion suppression position condition BJ in S3.2, or controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppression agent simultaneously; The schlieren system captures microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container, the pressure relief pipe or the flame arrester, or captures microscopic flow field images outside the flame arrester; the second high-speed camera captures real-time flame images inside the explosion container, the pressure relief pipe or the flame arrester, or captures real-time flame images outside the flame arrester; the high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images outside the flame arrester; the double-exposure CCD camera continuously captures the distribution of free radicals such as OH + inside the explosion container 1; The high-pressure spray system extinguishes the venting flame ejected from the flame arrester; one test is completed; S3.6: Change one of the hydrogen concentration K, the initial pressure F of the gas, the relief size A of the rupture disk, the static operating pressure P, the type M of the explosion suppressant, the particle size D, the concentration G, the explosion suppression position condition BJ, the material X of the flame arrester disc, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B or the porosity N, keep the others unchanged, cycle S3.1 - S3.6, conduct multiple tests, explore the multi - level linkage and synergy effects of explosion suppression, explosion prevention and explosion venting, and explore the effects of explosion suppression, explosion prevention and explosion venting on the dynamic distribution and evolution characteristics of free radicals such as OH + and other free radicals.

8. A multi-stage linkage explosion relief test method combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to claim 7, characterized in that Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S1.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the cavity of the whole body A; set the parameters of the rupture disk; The parameters of the gas include: the concentration K of hydrogen and the initial pressure F of the gas; the parameters of the rupture disk include: the venting size A and the static operating pressure P of the rupture disk; S1.2: Set the explosion suppression parameters; The parameters of the explosion suppression agent include: the type M of the explosion suppression agent, the particle size D and the concentration G; The explosion suppression position condition BJ, J ∈ [1, 3], includes: B1: The first explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppression agent, and the second explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppression agent; B2: The first explosion suppression device does not spray the explosion suppression agent, and the second explosion suppression device sprays the explosion suppression agent; B3: Both the first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device spray the explosion suppression agent; S1.3: Build a multi-stage linked venting explosion test device combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to the conditions of steps S1.1 - S1.2 without installing a flame arrester; While inflating the whole body A, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle nozzle to sprinkle the tracer agent into the whole body A. When the inflation of the whole body A is completed, the program control and data acquisition system simultaneously stops sprinkling the tracer agent into the whole body A; S1.4: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor the temperature data; multiple pressure sensors monitor the pressure data; the first flame sensor and the second flame sensor monitor the flame data and transmit it to the program control and data acquisition system. After receiving the flame data, the program control and data acquisition system controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device or the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppression agent respectively according to the requirements of the explosion suppression position condition BJ in S1.2, or controls the corresponding first explosion suppression device and the second explosion suppression device to spray the explosion suppression agent simultaneously; The schlieren system captures the microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container or the vent pipe, or captures the microscopic flow field images outside the vent pipe; the second high-speed camera captures the real-time flame images inside the explosion container or the vent pipe, or captures the real-time flame images outside the vent pipe; the high-speed infrared thermal imager captures the infrared images outside the vent pipe; the double-exposure CCD camera continuously captures the distribution of free radicals such as OH + inside the explosion container 1; The high-pressure spray system extinguishes the venting flame ejected from the venting pipe; one test is completed; S1.5: Change one of the type M, particle size D, concentration G of the explosion suppressant or the explosion suppression position condition BJ in S1.2, keep the others unchanged, loop S1.1 - S1.5, and conduct multiple experiments; explore the influence of explosion suppression parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics, and explore the influence of explosion suppression on the dynamic distribution and evolution characteristics of free radicals such as OH + etc.

9. A multi-stage linkage explosion venting test method combining explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to claim 8, characterized in that Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S2.1: Set the parameters of the gas inside the cavity of the whole body A; set the parameters of the rupture disk; The parameters of the gas include: the concentration K of hydrogen and the initial pressure F of the gas; the parameters of the rupture disk include: the venting size A and the static operating pressure P of the rupture disk; S2.2: Set the explosion prevention parameters; The explosion suppression parameters include: the material X of the flame arrester disc, the corrugation height H, the corrugation thickness B, and the porosity N; S2.3: Build a multi-stage linked explosion venting test device integrating explosion suppression and explosion prevention according to the conditions of S2.1 - S2.2, install a flame arrester, and the first and second explosion suppression devices do not spray explosion suppression agents; While inflating the overall A, the program control and data acquisition system controls the tracer particle nozzle to sprinkle tracers into the interior of the overall A. When the inflation of the overall A is completed, the program control and data acquisition system simultaneously stops sprinkling tracers into the interior of the overall A; S2.4: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor temperature data; multiple pressure sensors monitor pressure data; The schlieren system captures microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container, the pressure relief pipe or the flame arrester, or captures microscopic flow field images outside the flame arrester; the second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flame inside the explosion container, the pressure relief pipe or the flame arrester, or captures real-time images of the flame outside the flame arrester; the high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images outside the flame arrester; the double-exposure CCD camera continuously captures the distribution of free radicals such as OH + inside the explosion container 1; The high-pressure spray system extinguishes the venting flame ejected by the flame arrester; one test is completed; S2.5: Change one of the material X, corrugation height H, corrugation thickness B, or porosity N of the flame arrester disc in S2.2, keep the others unchanged, loop S2.1 - S2.5, and conduct multiple tests; explore the influence of explosion suppression parameters on the hydrogen explosion venting characteristics, and explore the influence of explosion suppression on the dynamic distribution and evolution characteristics of free radicals such as OH + and so on.

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