Ecological monitoring method and system for water and soil conservation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological monitoring scheduling planning, and discloses an ecological monitoring method and system for water and soil conservation, the system comprises a vegetation evaluation module, a soil evaluation module, a water flow sediment evaluation module and an ecological comprehensive evaluation module, the vegetation evaluation module comprises a vegetation data acquisition unit and a vegetation data analysis unit, the soil evaluation module comprises a soil data acquisition unit and a soil analysis unit. According to the system, through a sub-module monitoring and dynamic response mechanism of three key ecological elements of vegetation, soil and water flow, when any index exceeds a preset risk threshold value, the system can send out a corresponding scheduling instruction in time, so that necessary protection measures are taken, potential ecological problem deterioration is prevented, and the safety of the system is improved. And when all indexes are within a safe range, the overall ecological condition is accurately judged by comprehensively constructing an ecological comprehensive evaluation coefficient, so that a decision whether to perform early warning scheduling is made, and accurate identification and intelligent scheduling management of the ecological state are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological monitoring scheduling and planning, and in particular to an ecological monitoring method and system for soil and water conservation. Background Art

[0002] As a global ecological and environmental problem, soil erosion not only seriously damages the natural ecological balance, but also has a huge impact on human production and life. Traditional soil erosion monitoring methods often rely on manual field surveys, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also difficult to achieve large-scale real-time monitoring. With the advancement of science and technology, modern information technologies such as remote sensing technology and geographic information systems (GIS) have gradually been applied to soil erosion monitoring, improving the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring. However, there are still some problems with existing monitoring methods, such as the inability to detect abnormal soil erosion status in a timely manner, resulting in delayed control measures and the inability to quickly respond to dispatch personnel for intervention, which exacerbates the severity of soil erosion. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological monitoring method and system for soil and water conservation, which has the advantages of being able to monitor the environmental ecology in a timely manner and dispatch personnel in a timely manner, thereby solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation, comprising: The vegetation assessment module is used to monitor the vegetation area within the ecological monitoring area, construct the vegetation impact coefficient, and preset the vegetation risk warning value. When the vegetation impact coefficient is lower than the vegetation risk warning value, a vegetation monitoring dispatch instruction is issued; The soil assessment module is used to monitor the soil area adjacent to the runoff in the ecological monitoring area, construct the soil impact coefficient, and preset the soil risk threshold. When the soil impact coefficient exceeds the soil risk threshold, a soil monitoring dispatch instruction is issued; The water flow and sediment assessment module is used to construct a water flow assessment coefficient based on the sediment content in the water flow and preset a water body risk threshold. When the water flow assessment coefficient exceeds the water body risk threshold, a water flow monitoring and dispatching instruction is issued; The ecological comprehensive assessment module, when the vegetation monitoring dispatching instructions, soil monitoring dispatching instructions and water flow monitoring dispatching instructions are not issued, the vegetation impact coefficient, soil impact coefficient and water flow assessment coefficient are comprehensively constructed to obtain the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient, and whether to carry out early warning dispatch is determined based on the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the vegetation assessment module includes a vegetation data acquisition unit, which is used to collect vegetation area growth rate and effective plant occupancy rate on both sides of the coast. The specific steps are as follows: Step A1: Use a drone to take images along the riverbank, identify the areas of all vegetation regions in the images, and convert them proportionally to a two-dimensional map; Step A2: Calculate the vegetation area growth rate by comprehensively calculating the two-dimensional map obtained at the current sampling moment and the two-dimensional map obtained at the previous sampling moment. The specific expression is as follows:

[0006] where, represents the vegetation area growth rate, represents the areas of all vegetation regions obtained at the current sampling moment, represents the areas of all vegetation regions obtained at the previous sampling moment; Step A3: Obtain the coverage areas of all types of plants along the riverbank, select the coverage areas of the same plants as those in the preset effective plant collection, and calculate the effective plant occupancy rate. The specific expression is as follows:

[0007] where, represents the areas of all vegetation regions obtained at the current sampling moment, represents the coverage areas of plants in the effective plant collection, represents the sum of the coverage areas of all types of effective plants, represents the effective plant occupancy rate.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the vegetation evaluation module further includes a vegetation data analysis unit, which constructs a vegetation impact coefficient based on the vegetation area growth rate and the effective plant occupancy rate collected on both sides of the bank by the vegetation data collection unit. The specific expression is as follows:

[0009] where, represents the vegetation impact coefficient, represents the effective plant occupancy rate, represents the vegetation area growth rate; The vegetation monitoring and scheduling instructions specifically include: identifying all non-effective plants and marking them on the two-dimensional map, and at the same time comparing the two-dimensional map obtained at the sampling moment with the two-dimensional map obtained at the previous sampling moment, and marking the different areas on the current map.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the soil evaluation module includes a soil data collection unit, which is used to sample the soil compactness, soil clay ratio, and soil pH value and store them in the soil data set. The specific expression is as follows:

[0011] Among them, represents the soil data set, represents the soil compactness, represents the soil clay ratio, represents the soil pH value.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the soil evaluation module further includes a soil analysis unit, which constructs a soil influence coefficient based on the soil compactness, the soil clay ratio, and the soil pH value. The specific expression is as follows:

[0013] Among them, represents the soil influence coefficient, represents the soil compactness, represents the soil clay ratio, represents the soil pH value, , , respectively represent three judgment functions for . The specific expressions are as follows:

[0014] Among them, represents the independent variable, and , represents the independent variable within the preset interval, represents the independent variable not within the preset interval; The specific content of the soil monitoring and scheduling instruction includes: shortening the preset data reporting interval in the soil data collection unit by 15% - 21% until the soil influence coefficient does not exceed the soil risk threshold and then restoring it, and scheduling the staff closest to the sampling point where the soil data collection unit obtains data to conduct re-sampling and analysis along the shore.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water flow and sediment evaluation module includes a water flow data collection unit for collecting the sediment content in the water flow. The specific expression is as follows:

[0016] Among them, represents the sediment content data set, which is updated every other sampling period, respectively represent the sediment contents collected at 1 to sampling points, and .

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water and sediment assessment module further includes a water flow data assessment unit, which is used to construct a water flow assessment coefficient in combination with the sediment content in the water flow. The specific expression is as follows:

[0018] Wherein, represents the water flow assessment coefficient, represents the sum of the sediment contents obtained by sampling at a total of sampling points, represents the th sampling point, and represents the sediment content obtained by sampling at the

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the specific expression for the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient constructed by the ecological comprehensive assessment module is as follows:

[0020] Wherein, respectively represent three weight coefficients whose sum is 1, represents the vegetation impact coefficient, represents the soil impact coefficient, represents the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient, represents the water flow assessment coefficient.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the specific steps for the ecological comprehensive assessment module to judge whether to perform early warning scheduling based on the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient are as follows: When the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient exceeds the ecological comprehensive assessment risk threshold, an early warning is issued, and a soil monitoring scheduling instruction is issued. At the same time, the staff is scheduled to start an aerial inspection by drone, and technicians are dispatched to conduct on-site inspections with mobile sampling equipment; When the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient does not exceed the ecological comprehensive assessment risk threshold, no early warning is issued.

[0022] The present invention also provides an ecological monitoring method for soil and water conservation, based on the above ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation, including the following steps: Step 1: Monitor the vegetation area in the ecological monitoring area, construct a vegetation impact coefficient, and preset a vegetation risk early warning value. When the vegetation impact coefficient exceeds the vegetation risk early warning value, a vegetation monitoring scheduling instruction is issued; Step 2: Monitor the soil area adjacent to the runoff within the ecological monitoring area, construct a soil impact coefficient, and preset a soil risk threshold. When the soil impact coefficient exceeds the soil risk threshold, issue a soil monitoring and scheduling instruction; Step 3: Combine the sediment content in the water flow to construct a water flow assessment coefficient, and preset a water body risk threshold. When the water flow assessment coefficient exceeds the water body risk threshold, issue a water flow monitoring and scheduling instruction; Step 4: When none of the vegetation monitoring and scheduling instruction, soil monitoring and scheduling instruction, and water flow monitoring and scheduling instruction are issued, then comprehensively construct an ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient from the vegetation impact coefficient, soil impact coefficient, and water flow assessment coefficient, and determine whether to conduct early warning scheduling based on the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological monitoring method and system for soil and water conservation, having the following beneficial effects: Through the sub-module monitoring and dynamic response mechanism of the three key ecological elements of vegetation, soil, and water flow, when any index exceeds the preset risk threshold, the system can timely issue corresponding scheduling instructions to take necessary protection measures to prevent the deterioration of potential ecological problems. When all indexes are within the safe range, by comprehensively constructing the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient, the overall ecological status can be more accurately judged, so as to make a decision on whether to conduct early warning scheduling, realizing the accurate identification of the ecological state and the intelligent scheduling management, and further realizing the closed-loop control mechanism of multi-dimensional monitoring, intelligent determination, and response of the key elements of soil and water conservation, which can effectively improve the timeliness of ecological early warning and the accuracy of intervention, and is a powerful technical support for promoting ecological intelligent governance and active risk prevention and control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 1-2 , an ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation, including: A vegetation assessment module is used to monitor the vegetation areas within the ecological monitoring region, construct a vegetation impact coefficient, and preset a vegetation risk warning value. When the vegetation impact coefficient is lower than the vegetation risk warning value, a vegetation monitoring and scheduling instruction is issued. The vegetation assessment module includes a vegetation data collection unit, which is used to collect the vegetation areas on both sides of the coast. The growth rate and the effective plant occupancy rate, and the specific steps are as follows: Step A1: Use a drone to take images along the riverbank, identify all the vegetation areas in the images, and convert them to a two-dimensional map in proportion to obtain high-resolution image data, so as to more accurately identify and measure the vegetation area. Step A2: Calculate the vegetation area growth rate by comprehensively calculating the two-dimensional map obtained at the current sampling moment and the two-dimensional map obtained at the previous sampling moment. The specific expression is as follows:

[0027] Among them, represents the vegetation area growth rate, represents all the vegetation area obtained at the current sampling moment, represents all the vegetation area obtained at the previous sampling moment; Step A3: Obtain the coverage areas of all types of plants along the riverbank, screen out the plant coverage areas that are the same as those in the preset effective plant collection, and calculate the effective plant occupancy rate. The specific expression is as follows:

[0028] Among them, represents all the vegetation area obtained at the current sampling moment, represents the plant coverage area in the effective plant collection, represents the summation of the coverage areas of all types of effective plants, represents the effective plant occupancy rate; The effective plant collection is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 The vegetation assessment module also includes a vegetation data analysis unit, which constructs a vegetation impact coefficient based on the vegetation area growth rate and the effective plant occupancy rate collected by the vegetation data collection unit on both sides of the coast. The specific expression is as follows:

[0029] Among them, represents the vegetation impact coefficient, represents the effective plant occupancy rate, represents the vegetation area growth rate; The vegetation monitoring and scheduling instructions specifically include: identifying all non-effective plants and marking them on a two-dimensional map, comparing the two-dimensional map obtained at the sampling moment with the two-dimensional map obtained at the previous sampling moment, displaying the union of the two after excluding their intersection, and marking the different regions on the current map; The soil assessment module is used to monitor the soil area adjacent to the runoff in the ecological monitoring area, construct a soil impact coefficient, and preset a soil risk threshold. When the soil impact coefficient exceeds the soil risk threshold, a soil monitoring and scheduling instruction is issued; The soil assessment module includes a soil data collection unit. The soil data collection unit is used to sample and obtain soil compactness, soil clay ratio, and soil pH value and store them in the soil data set. The specific expressions are as follows:

[0030] Among them, represents the soil data set, represents the soil compactness, represents the soil clay ratio, represents the soil pH value.

[0031] The soil assessment module also includes a soil analysis unit, which constructs a soil impact coefficient based on soil compactness, soil clay ratio, and soil pH value. The specific expression is as follows:

[0032] Among them, represents the soil impact coefficient, represents the soil compactness, represents the soil clay ratio, represents the soil pH value, , , respectively represent the three judgment functions for . The specific expressions are as follows:

[0033] Among them, represents the independent variable, and , represents the independent variable within the preset interval, represents the independent variable not within the preset interval; The soil compactness The minimum value of the preset interval is 1.4 g / cm³, the preset interval of the soil clay ratio is 20% - 40%, and the soil pH value The preset pH range is 6.0 - 7.0. Through the soil monitoring and scheduling strategy steps, potential problems in the adjacent runoff soil area within the ecological monitoring area can be detected in a timely manner, and effective measures can be taken to protect the soil ecological environment and promote the stability and sustainable development of the ecosystem; The specific content of the soil monitoring and scheduling instructions includes: shortening the preset data reporting interval in the soil data collection unit by 15% - 21% until the soil impact coefficient does not exceed the soil risk threshold and then restoring it, and scheduling the staff closest to the sampling point where data is obtained from the soil data collection unit to conduct re-sampling and analysis along the shore; The water flow and sediment assessment module is used to construct a water flow assessment coefficient by combining the sediment content in the water flow, and a water body risk threshold is preset. When the water flow assessment coefficient exceeds the water body risk threshold, a water flow monitoring and scheduling instruction is issued; The water flow and sediment assessment module includes a water flow data collection unit for collecting the sediment content in the water flow. The specific expression is as follows:

[0034] Among them, represents the sediment content data set, which is updated every other sampling period, respectively represent the sediment content obtained from sampling at 1 to sampling points, and .

[0035] The water flow and sediment assessment module also includes a water flow data assessment unit for constructing a water flow assessment coefficient by combining the sediment content in the water flow. The specific expression is as follows:

[0036] Among them, represents the water flow assessment coefficient, represents the sum of the sediment content obtained from sampling at a total of sampling points, represents the sediment content obtained from sampling at the th sampling point; The specific content of the water flow detection and scheduling instruction includes: repairing the coastal vegetation, scheduling the staff to start aerial drone patrol, and at the same time dispatching technical personnel to conduct on-site inspections with mobile sampling equipment; The ecological comprehensive assessment module, when none of the vegetation monitoring and scheduling instructions, soil monitoring and scheduling instructions, and water flow monitoring and scheduling instructions are issued, then constructs an ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient by combining the vegetation impact coefficient, soil impact coefficient, and water flow assessment coefficient, and determines whether to conduct early warning scheduling based on the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient.

[0037] The specific expression for the ecological comprehensive assessment module to construct the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient is as follows:

[0038] Among them, respectively represent three weight coefficients whose sum is 1, represents the vegetation impact coefficient, represents the soil impact coefficient, represents the ecological comprehensive evaluation coefficient, represents the water flow evaluation coefficient.

[0039] The specific steps for the ecological comprehensive evaluation module to determine whether to conduct early warning dispatching based on the ecological comprehensive evaluation coefficient are as follows: When the ecological comprehensive evaluation coefficient exceeds the ecological comprehensive evaluation risk threshold, give an early warning, issue a soil monitoring dispatching instruction, at the same time dispatch staff to start drone aerial photography inspections, and at the same time dispatch technicians to carry mobile sampling equipment to conduct on-site inspections; When the ecological comprehensive evaluation coefficient does not exceed the ecological comprehensive evaluation risk threshold, no early warning is given.

[0040] Embodiment: The data recorded in this embodiment is shown in Table 2 below: Greater than the vegetation risk early warning value = 0.3, at this time no vegetation monitoring dispatching instruction is issued; , when not exceeding the soil risk threshold, no soil monitoring dispatching instruction is issued, and at this time it is calculated that is less than the water body risk threshold. At this time, since no vegetation monitoring dispatching instruction, soil monitoring dispatching instruction, and water flow monitoring dispatching instruction are issued, the vegetation impact coefficient, soil impact coefficient, and water flow evaluation coefficient are comprehensively constructed to obtain the ecological comprehensive evaluation coefficient, and calculate When not exceeding the ecological comprehensive evaluation risk threshold, no early warning is given; In the above embodiment, only one or more feasible solutions are given, which does not represent the optimal solution. The setting of the threshold size is for the convenience of comparison. Regarding the size of the threshold, it depends on the amount of sample data and the base number set by those skilled in the art for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameters and the quantified values, and the size of the weight can be determined by those skilled in the art according to each sample data and multiple rounds of experimental processes. The above formulas are all dimensionless and take their numerical calculations; The present invention also provides an ecological monitoring method for soil and water conservation, based on the above ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation, including the following steps: Step 1: Monitor the vegetation area in the ecological monitoring area, construct the vegetation impact coefficient, and preset the vegetation risk early warning value. When the vegetation impact coefficient exceeds the vegetation risk early warning value, issue a vegetation monitoring dispatching instruction; Step 2: Monitor the soil area adjacent to the runoff within the ecological monitoring area, construct a soil impact coefficient, and preset a soil risk threshold. When the soil impact coefficient exceeds the soil risk threshold, issue a soil monitoring and scheduling instruction; Step 3: Combine the sediment content in the water flow to construct a water flow assessment coefficient, and preset a water body risk threshold. When the water flow assessment coefficient exceeds the water body risk threshold, issue a water flow monitoring and scheduling instruction; Step 4: When none of the vegetation monitoring and scheduling instruction, the soil monitoring and scheduling instruction, and the water flow monitoring and scheduling instruction are issued, then comprehensively construct an ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient from the vegetation impact coefficient, the soil impact coefficient, and the water flow assessment coefficient, and determine whether to conduct early warning scheduling based on the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient.

[0041] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation, characterized in that: Including: A vegetation assessment module, which is used to monitor the vegetation area in the ecological monitoring area, construct a vegetation impact coefficient, and preset a vegetation risk warning value. When the vegetation impact coefficient is lower than the vegetation risk warning value, a vegetation monitoring scheduling instruction is issued; A soil assessment module, which is used to monitor the soil area adjacent to the runoff in the ecological monitoring area, construct a soil impact coefficient, and preset a soil risk threshold. When the soil impact coefficient exceeds the soil risk threshold, a soil monitoring scheduling instruction is issued; A water flow and sediment assessment module, which is used to construct a water flow assessment coefficient in combination with the sediment content in the water flow, and preset a water body risk threshold. When the water flow assessment coefficient exceeds the water body risk threshold, a water flow monitoring scheduling instruction is issued; An ecological comprehensive assessment module. When none of the vegetation monitoring scheduling instruction, the soil monitoring scheduling instruction, and the water flow monitoring scheduling instruction are issued, the vegetation impact coefficient, the soil impact coefficient, and the water flow assessment coefficient are comprehensively constructed to obtain an ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient, and whether to conduct early warning scheduling is judged based on the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient.

2. The ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, wherein: The vegetation assessment module includes a vegetation data collection unit, and the vegetation data collection unit is used to collect the vegetation area growth rate and the effective plant occupancy rate on both sides of the bank. The specific steps are as follows: Step A1: Use a drone to take images along the riverbank, identify the area of all vegetation areas in the images, and convert them to a two-dimensional map in proportion; Step A2: Comprehensively calculate the vegetation area growth rate by combining the two-dimensional map obtained at the current sampling moment and the two-dimensional map obtained at the previous sampling moment. The specific expression is as follows: ； Among them, represents the vegetation area growth rate, represents the area of all vegetation regions obtained at the current sampling moment, represents the area of all vegetation regions obtained at the previous sampling moment; Step A3: Obtain the coverage area of all types of plants along the riverbank, screen out the same plant coverage area as that in the preset effective plant collection, and calculate the effective plant occupancy rate. The specific expression is as follows: ； Among them, represents the total vegetation area obtained at the current sampling moment, represents the plant coverage area in the effective plant collection, represents the summation of the effective plant coverage areas of all species, represents the effective plant occupancy rate.

3. The ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to claim 2, wherein: The vegetation assessment module also includes a vegetation data analysis unit, which constructs a vegetation impact coefficient based on the vegetation area growth rate and the effective plant occupancy rate collected by the vegetation data collection unit on both sides of the bank. The specific expression is as follows: ； Among them, represents the vegetation influence coefficient, represents the effective plant occupancy rate, represents the vegetation area growth rate; The vegetation monitoring scheduling instruction specifically includes: identifying all non-effective plants and marking them on the two-dimensional map, and at the same time comparing the two-dimensional map obtained at the sampling moment with the two-dimensional map obtained at the previous sampling moment, and marking the different areas on the current map.

4. The ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soil assessment module includes a soil data collection unit, and the soil data collection unit is used to sample and obtain the soil compactness, soil clay ratio, and soil pH value and store them in the soil data set. The specific expression is as follows: ； Among them, represents the soil dataset, represents the soil compactness, represents the soil clay ratio, represents the soil pH value.

5. The ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil assessment module also includes a soil analysis unit, which constructs a soil impact coefficient based on the soil compactness, soil clay ratio, and soil pH value. The specific expression is as follows: ； Among them, represents the soil influence coefficient, represents the soil compactness, represents the soil clay ratio, represents the soil pH value, and and respectively represent three judgment functions for The specific expressions are as follows: ； Among them, represents the independent variable, and , represents the independent variable within the preset interval, represents the independent variable not within the preset interval; The specific content of the soil monitoring scheduling instruction includes: shortening the preset data reporting interval in the soil data collection unit by 15% - 21% until the soil impact coefficient does not exceed the soil risk threshold and then restoring it, and scheduling the staff closest to the sampling point where the soil data collection unit obtains data to conduct re-sampling and analysis along the bank.

6. The ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to claim 5, wherein: The water flow and sediment assessment module includes a water flow data collection unit, which is used to collect the sediment content in the water flow. The specific expression is as follows: ； Among them, represents the sediment content data set, which is updated every other sampling period, respectively represent the sediment content obtained by sampling at 1 to sampling points, and .

7. The ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to claim 6, wherein: The water and sediment assessment module further includes a water flow data assessment unit, which is used to construct a water flow assessment coefficient in combination with the sediment content in the water flow. The specific expression is as follows: ； Among them, represents the water flow evaluation coefficient, represents the sum of the sediment contents obtained from a total of sampling points, represents the th sediment content obtained from the sampling point; The water flow monitoring and scheduling instructions specifically include: repairing the coastal vegetation, dispatching staff to start aerial inspection by drone, and at the same time sending technicians to conduct on-site inspections with mobile sampling equipment.

8. The ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific expression for the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient constructed by the ecological comprehensive assessment module is as follows: ； Among them, respectively represent three weight coefficients whose sum is 1, represents the vegetation influence coefficient, represents the soil influence coefficient, represents the ecological comprehensive evaluation coefficient, represents the water flow evaluation coefficient.

9. An ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific steps for the ecological comprehensive assessment module to judge whether to conduct early warning scheduling based on the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient are: When the comprehensive ecological assessment coefficient exceeds the risk threshold of the comprehensive ecological assessment, a warning is issued, and a soil monitoring dispatch instruction is sent. At the same time, the staff is dispatched to start the aerial inspection by drone, and technicians are sent to conduct on-site inspections with mobile sampling equipment; When the ecological comprehensive evaluation coefficient does not exceed the ecological comprehensive evaluation risk threshold, no early warning is given.

10. An ecological monitoring method for soil and water conservation, based on an ecological monitoring system for soil and water conservation according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Including the following steps: Step 1: Monitor the vegetation area in the ecological monitoring area, construct a vegetation impact coefficient, and preset a vegetation risk warning value. When the vegetation impact coefficient exceeds the vegetation risk warning value, issue a vegetation monitoring and scheduling instruction; Step 2: Monitor the soil area adjacent to the runoff in the ecological monitoring area, construct a soil impact coefficient, and preset a soil risk threshold. When the soil impact coefficient exceeds the soil risk threshold, issue a soil monitoring and scheduling instruction; Step 3: Construct a water flow assessment coefficient in combination with the sediment content in the water flow, and preset a water body risk threshold. When the water flow assessment coefficient exceeds the water body risk threshold, issue a water flow monitoring and scheduling instruction; Step 4: When none of the vegetation monitoring and scheduling instructions, soil monitoring and scheduling instructions, and water flow monitoring and scheduling instructions are issued, the vegetation impact coefficient, soil impact coefficient, and water flow assessment coefficient are comprehensively constructed to obtain an ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient, and whether to conduct early warning scheduling is judged based on the ecological comprehensive assessment coefficient.

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