Sodium-ion battery conductive agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of sodium ion battery conductive agent and preparation method thereof, belong to sodium ion battery technical field.The sodium ion battery conductive agent includes hyperbranched polymer and carbon-based conductive material, the hyperbranched polymer is generated 2,4,6-tris (2-thiophenyl) -1,3,5-triazine by 2-thiophene carbonitrile through trifluoromethanesulfonic acid catalysis polymerization, then introduce aldehyde group and obtain thiophene triazine group formaldehyde, again with 2,4,6-tris (4-aminophenyl) -1,3,5-triazine reaction and obtain.The conductive agent prepared in the application triazine structure in hyperbranched polymer can significantly enhance conjugation effect and electron transport efficiency;The flexibility of thiophene ring and hyperbranched structure can buffer volume expansion in charge and discharge process, extend cycle performance;Hyperbranched polymer can be effectively crosslinked with carbon-based conductive material, form multi-path transmission channel, improve the charge specific capacity of battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sodium-ion battery technology, and more specifically to a sodium-ion battery conductive agent and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Due to the abundant energy storage properties of sodium, sodium-ion batteries have a greater cost advantage than lithium-ion batteries and are attracting increasing attention due to their promising development prospects. Currently, higher requirements are being placed on the conductivity and cycle stability of electrode materials used in sodium-ion batteries, necessitating the addition of conductive agents to improve conductivity. Commonly used conductive agents for sodium-ion batteries, such as conductive carbon black, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are core materials for enhancing electrode conductivity. Conductive carbon black has low conductivity, requiring high addition amounts to construct a continuous conductive network, and its large specific surface area leads to poor dispersibility in slurries and a tendency to agglomerate. Carbon fibers have a smooth surface and lack active sites, resulting in weak bonding with electrode materials and high contact resistance. The amount of graphene added significantly affects its conductivity; at lower amounts, graphene's sheet-like structure creates a more developed conductive network, but its preparation cost is high, dispersion is difficult, and it reduces the ionic conductivity of the electrode. The small diameter and high aspect ratio linear structure of carbon nanotubes makes them prone to agglomeration, leading to a significant decrease in the battery's electrochemical performance.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN117691116A discloses a conductive agent for the negative electrode of a sodium-ion battery and a sodium-ion battery. By adding PEDOT nanowires, the mechanical properties and cycle performance of the sodium-ion battery negative electrode can be significantly improved. However, PEDOT nanowires have a small diameter and a large aspect ratio, making them prone to aggregation, which affects their conductivity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a sodium-ion battery conductive agent and its preparation method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A sodium-ion battery conductive agent comprising a hyperbranched polymer and a carbon-based conductive material;

[0007] The hyperbranched polymer is prepared by polymerizing 2-thiophenecarboxynitrile with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to generate 2,4,6-tris(2-thiophene)-1,3,5-triazine, then introducing an aldehyde group to obtain thiophenetriazine formaldehyde, and then reacting it with 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine.

[0008] The hyperbranched polymer is prepared by the following method:

[0009] S1: Under ice bath conditions, 2-thiophenecarboxynitrile was slowly added dropwise to a chloroform solution of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, stirred for 0.5-1.5 h, and then reacted at room temperature for 20-26 h. Post-treatment yielded 2,4,6-tris(2-thiophene)-1,3,5-triazine, the reaction equation of which is shown below:

[0010]

[0011] S2: Mix 2,4,6-tris(2-thienyl)-1,3,5-triazine with DMF, add phosphorus oxychloride dropwise, heat to 70-90℃, maintain the temperature for 2-5 hours, and then proceed with post-treatment to obtain thienyltriazine formaldehyde. The reaction equation is shown below:

[0012]

[0013] S3: Under nitrogen protection, 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine and thienyltriazinylformaldehyde were added to a mixed solution of glacial acetic acid, water, and DMA. The mixture was heated to 100-130℃ and reacted for 36-48 hours. After post-treatment, a hyperbranched polymer was obtained. The reaction equation is shown below:

[0014]

[0015] It should be noted that the above structural formula of the hyperbranched polymer is only used to represent the reaction between functional groups in this step.

[0016] In step S1, the molar ratio of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to 2-thiophenecarboxynitrile is 1:(8-12).

[0017] In step S2, the mass ratio of 2,4,6-tris(2-thienyl)-1,3,5-triazine, DMF, and phosphorus oxychloride is 1:(8-10):(0.2-0.6).

[0018] In step S3, the molar ratio of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine to thienyltriazine formaldehyde is (0.8-1.2):0.5.

[0019] In step S3, the volume ratio of the glacial acetic acid, water and DMA is 1:(2.5-4):(5-6).

[0020] The carbon-based conductive material is prepared by the following method:

[0021] Nickel nitrate, trimesic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were dissolved in a mixed solution of DMF and deionized water. Under sealed conditions, the mixture was heated to 140-160℃ and reacted for 8-12 hours. The carbon-based conductive material was then obtained through post-treatment.

[0022] The mass ratio of the hyperbranched polymer to the carbon-based conductive material is (3-6):1.

[0023] A method for preparing a conductive agent for sodium-ion batteries includes the following steps:

[0024] S1: Weigh out the following by weight: 3-6 parts hyperbranched polymer, 1 part carbon-based conductive material, and 50-70 parts deionized water.

[0025] S2: Add each component to the reaction flask, stir for 2 hours to disperse evenly, filter, and dry at 60-70℃ for 10 hours to obtain the sodium-ion battery conductive agent.

[0026] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0027] (1) In the conductive agent prepared by the present invention, the triazine structure in the hyperbranched polymer can significantly enhance the conjugation effect and electron transport efficiency in conjunction with the thiophene unit; the flexibility of the thiophene ring and the hyperbranched structure can buffer the volume expansion during the charge and discharge process and prolong the cycle performance; the high chemical stability of the triazine skeleton can reduce the irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle.

[0028] (2) The hyperbranched polymer in the conductive agent prepared by the present invention can effectively crosslink with carbon-based conductive materials to form multi-path transport channels, thereby improving the specific charging capacity of the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The image shows a SEM image of the litchi-shaped carbon-based conductive material prepared in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, provides further details, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0031] Example 1: Preparation of hyperbranched polymers:

[0032] S1: Under ice bath conditions, 0.1 mol trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and 800 ml chloroform were stirred and mixed. 0.8 mol 2-thiophenecarboxynitrile was slowly added dropwise over 1 hour. The mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours and then allowed to react at room temperature for 26 hours. 500 ml of 5 wt% ammonia solution was added and stirred for 15 minutes. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 200 ml of chloroform. The organic layers were combined, dried with 30 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and distilled under reduced pressure at 45 °C for 3 hours to obtain 2,4,6-tris(2-thiophene)-1,3,5-triazine.

[0033] S2: 100g of 2,4,6-tris(2-thienyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 800g of DMF were placed in a reaction flask, and 20g of phosphorus oxychloride was added dropwise. After the addition was completed in 30min, the temperature was raised to 70℃ and kept at that temperature for 5h. After cooling to room temperature, 500ml of ice water was added, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with 30wt% sodium hydroxide solution. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed with deionized water (300ml × 2 times). The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 60℃ for 3h and dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 10h to obtain thienyltriazine formaldehyde.

[0034] S3: Under nitrogen protection, 100 ml of glacial acetic acid, 250 ml of water, 600 ml of DMA (N,N-dimethylacetamide), 0.8 mol of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and 0.5 mol of thienyltriazine formaldehyde were sequentially placed into a reaction flask. The mixture was heated to 100 °C and reacted for 48 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered and washed sequentially with 300 ml of methanol and 300 ml of THF. The mixture was then dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 10 h to obtain the hyperbranched polymer.

[0035] Example 2: Preparation of hyperbranched polymers:

[0036] S1: Under ice bath conditions, 0.1 mol of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and 800 ml of chloroform were stirred and mixed. 1 mol of 2-thiophene carboxynitrile was slowly added dropwise over 1 hour. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and then allowed to react at room temperature for 24 hours. 500 ml of 5 wt% ammonia solution was added and stirred for 15 minutes. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 200 ml of chloroform. The organic layers were combined, dried with 30 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and distilled under reduced pressure at 45 °C for 3 hours to obtain 2,4,6-tris(2-thiophene)-1,3,5-triazine.

[0037] S2: 100g of 2,4,6-tris(2-thienyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 900g of DMF were placed in a reaction flask, and 50g of phosphorus oxychloride was added dropwise. After the addition was completed in 30min, the temperature was raised to 80℃ and kept at that temperature for 4h. After cooling to room temperature, 500ml of ice water was added, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with 30wt% sodium hydroxide solution. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed with deionized water (300ml × 2 times). The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 60℃ for 3h and dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 10h to obtain thienyltriazine formaldehyde.

[0038] S3: Under nitrogen protection, 100 ml of glacial acetic acid, 300 ml of water, 540 ml of DMA, 1.1 mol of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and 0.5 mol of thienyltriazine formaldehyde were sequentially placed into a reaction flask, heated to 120 °C, and reacted for 46 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered, washed sequentially with 300 ml of methanol and 300 ml of THF, and dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 10 h to obtain the hyperbranched polymer.

[0039] Example 3: Preparation of hyperbranched polymers:

[0040] S1: Under ice bath conditions, 0.1 mol trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and 800 ml chloroform were stirred and mixed. 1.2 mol 2-thiophenecarboxynitrile was slowly added dropwise over 1 h. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 h and then allowed to react at room temperature for 20 h. 500 ml of 5 wt% ammonia solution was added and stirred for 15 min. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 200 ml of chloroform. The organic layers were combined, dried with 30 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and distilled under reduced pressure at 45 °C for 3 h to obtain 2,4,6-tris(2-thiophene)-1,3,5-triazine.

[0041] S2: 100g of 2,4,6-tris(2-thienyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1000g of DMF were placed in a reaction flask, and 60g of phosphorus oxychloride was added dropwise. After the addition was completed in 30min, the temperature was raised to 90℃ and kept at that temperature for 2h. After cooling to room temperature, 500ml of ice water was added, and the pH was adjusted to neutral with 30wt% sodium hydroxide solution. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed with deionized water (300ml × 2 times). The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure at 60℃ for 3h and dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 10h to obtain thienyltriazine formaldehyde.

[0042] S3: Under nitrogen protection, 100 ml of glacial acetic acid, 400 ml of water, 500 ml of DMA, 1.2 mol of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and 0.5 mol of thienyltriazine formaldehyde were sequentially placed into a reaction flask, heated to 130 °C, and reacted for 36 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered, washed sequentially with 300 ml of methanol and 300 ml of THF, and dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 10 h to obtain the hyperbranched polymer.

[0043] Example 4: Preparation of carbon-based conductive materials:

[0044] 160g DMF, 80g deionized water, 30g nickel nitrate, 10g trimesic acid and 90g polyvinylpyrrolidone were added sequentially to a reaction flask and stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was then heated to 150℃ and reacted for 10 hours under sealed conditions. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered, washed with 300ml of ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 60℃ for 8 hours to obtain a solid. The solid was then calcined at 500℃ for 3 hours to obtain a carbon-based conductive material.

[0045] Example 5: Preparation of conductive agent:

[0046] S1: Weigh the following by weight: 3g of hyperbranched polymer (prepared in Example 1), 1g of carbon-based conductive material (prepared in Example 4), and 50g of deionized water;

[0047] S2: Add each component to the reaction flask, stir for 2 hours to disperse evenly, filter, and dry at 60°C for 10 hours to obtain the sodium-ion battery conductive agent.

[0048] Example 6: Preparation of conductive agent:

[0049] S1: Weigh the following by weight: 5g of hyperbranched polymer (prepared in Example 2), 1g of carbon-based conductive material (prepared in Example 4), and 60g of deionized water;

[0050] S2: Add each component to the reaction flask, stir for 3 hours to disperse evenly, filter, and dry at 60°C for 10 hours to obtain the sodium-ion battery conductive agent.

[0051] Example 7: Preparation of conductive agent:

[0052] S1: Weigh the following by weight: 6g of hyperbranched polymer (prepared in Example 3), 1g of carbon-based conductive material (prepared in Example 4), and 70g of deionized water;

[0053] S2: Add each component to the reaction flask, stir for 2 hours to disperse evenly, filter, and dry at 70°C for 10 hours to obtain the sodium-ion battery conductive agent.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] A sodium-ion battery conductive agent is prepared in a manner that is basically the same as in Example 6, except that no carbon-based conductive material is added.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] A sodium-ion battery conductive agent is prepared in a manner essentially the same as in Example 6, except that the hyperbranched polymer is replaced with a hyperbranched polymer prepared by the following method:

[0058] Under nitrogen protection, 100 ml of glacial acetic acid, 300 ml of water, 540 ml of DMA, 1.1 mol of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and 0.5 mol of pyromellitic methyl ester were sequentially placed into a reaction flask, heated to 120 °C, and reacted for 46 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered, washed sequentially with 300 ml of methanol and 300 ml of THF, and dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 10 h to obtain the hyperbranched polymer.

[0059] Comparative Example 3

[0060] A sodium-ion battery conductive agent is prepared in a manner essentially the same as in Example 6, except that the hyperbranched polymer is replaced with a hyperbranched polymer prepared by the following method:

[0061] Under nitrogen protection, 100 ml of glacial acetic acid, 300 ml of water, 540 ml of DMA, 1.1 mol of 4,4',4"-triaminotriphenylmethane, and 0.5 mol of thienyltriazine formaldehyde (prepared in Example 2) were sequentially placed into a reaction flask, heated to 120 °C, reacted for 46 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed sequentially with 300 ml of methanol and 300 ml of THF, and dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 10 h to obtain the hyperbranched polymer.

[0062] Comparative Example 4

[0063] A sodium-ion battery conductive agent is prepared in a manner essentially the same as in Example 6, except that the hyperbranched polymer is replaced with a hyperbranched polymer prepared by the following method:

[0064] The preparation method of the hyperbranched polymer is basically the same as that in Example 2, except that 2-thiophenecarboxynitrile in step S1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 2-thiopheneacetonitrile.

[0065] The conductive agents of Examples 5-7 and the comparative examples were applied to sodium-ion batteries, which were prepared by the following process:

[0066] (1) Preparation of sodium-ion battery positive electrode sheet: Na 0.7 MnO2: binder (PVDF): conductive agent are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 90:5:5, totaling 10g. 15ml of N-methylpyrrolidone is added and stirred evenly to obtain a positive electrode slurry. The slurry is evenly coated on the surface of aluminum foil (coating thickness 200μm), vacuum dried at 100℃ for 10h, and compacted and cut under a roller press at 3MPa pressure to obtain a positive electrode sheet with a diameter of 12mm.

[0067] (2) Preparation of negative electrode sheet: 0.5g thickener CMC (Japan Daicel CMC2200) and 10g deionized water were stirred evenly, 9g hard carbon (Japan Kuraray) was added and mixed evenly, 0.5g binder SBR (BASF Styrofan 7212) was added and stirred evenly to obtain negative electrode slurry, which was evenly coated on the surface of aluminum foil (coating thickness 200μm), vacuum dried at 100℃ for 10h, and compacted and cut under 3MPa pressure of roller to obtain negative electrode sheet with a diameter of 12mm;

[0068] Electrolyte preparation: Mix 25ml ethylene carbonate and 25ml dimethyl carbonate evenly. In an argon glove box, slowly add 3g NaPF6 to the mixed solvent and stir until completely dissolved.

[0069] Sodium-ion battery assembly: The positive electrode, negative electrode and separator (glass fiber separator) are wound together in a square winding manner to form an electrode assembly, which is then placed into the battery case (formed by aluminum-plastic packaging film), stacked in the order of "positive electrode-separator-negative electrode", placed in an aluminum-plastic film sealing bag, leaving the electrolyte injection port, injected with electrolyte, left to stand for 24 hours to soak, and then vacuum heat-sealed.

[0070] The grade of the adhesive (PVDF) used in this application is: FL2300 PVDF was purchased from Zhejiang Funolin Chemical New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0071] The conductive agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were assembled into sodium-ion batteries for electrochemical performance testing. All electrochemical performance tests were conducted after assembly and allowed to stand for 24 hours, followed by constant temperature testing at 25°C. The batteries were charged at a constant current density of 0.1C to 4.2V, then allowed to stand for 5 minutes; followed by constant voltage charging for 30 minutes, and then a 5-minute stand; finally, the batteries were discharged at the same current density to 2.5V for the first charge-discharge test. Cyclic performance testing was performed at a rate of 1C, with 100 cycles at a test temperature of 25°C. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1 Performance determination of sodium-ion batteries assembled with conductive agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples.

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] As can be seen from Examples 5, 6 and 7 in Table 1, the sodium-ion battery assembled with the conductive agent prepared by the present invention has good charge specific capacity, initial coulombic efficiency and cycle performance.

[0076] Comparative Example 1 uses only hyperbranched polymers as conductive agents, and its electrical performance is far lower than that of the conductive agents prepared in the examples. The reason is that the lack of a highly conductive carbon network leads to low electron transport efficiency and poor electrode structure stability.

[0077] Comparative Example 2 is a comparative example different from Example 7. The difference is that the hyperbranched polymer was replaced with a hyperbranched polymer synthesized from pyromellitic trimethylolpropoxide and 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine. Its electrochemical performance is poor because the reduction of triazine and thiophene rings weakens the conjugation effect, and the replacement of the flexible thiophene ring with the rigid benzene ring reduces the ability to buffer volume expansion, resulting in a decrease in the first coulombic efficiency and capacity retention.

[0078] The conductive agent in Comparative Example 3 involves a hyperbranched polymer that lacks a triazine skeleton linked to a benzene ring. The absence of the triazine skeleton reduces molecular conjugation and chemical stability, affecting electron transport efficiency and cycling stability.

[0079] The poor electrochemical performance of Comparative Example 4 is due to the following: In the hyperbranched polymer prepared using 2-thiophenecarboxynitrile, the thiophene group is directly connected to the triazine ring via a single bond, forming a large conjugated system. This facilitates electron delocalization and improves the material's conductivity and charge transport efficiency. In contrast, in the hyperbranched polymer prepared using 2-thiopheneacetonitrile, the thiophene group is connected to the triazine ring via a methylene group (-CH2-), leading to conjugation interruption and obstruction of the electron transport path, thus affecting the battery's rate performance and cycle stability.

[0080] In summary, the conductive agent prepared in this invention exhibits excellent charge specific capacity because: the DA (electron donor-acceptor) structure of the triazine-thiophene hyperbranched polymer significantly enhances the conjugation effect and electron transport efficiency; after the hyperbranched polymer is combined with carbon-based materials, its high specific surface area and conductive network improve conductivity and sodium ion transport rate, thereby increasing the material's charge specific capacity. The good initial coulombic efficiency stems from the high chemical stability of the triazine skeleton, which reduces irreversible capacity loss during the first cycle. The good cycling performance arises from the flexibility of the thiophene ring and the three-dimensional network of the hyperbranched polymer, which buffers volume expansion during charge and discharge, inhibits structural collapse, and extends the number of cycles.

[0081] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. However, any modifications, alterations, and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention based on the disclosed technical content are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any modifications, alterations, and variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sodium-ion battery conductive agent, characterized in that, Including hyperbranched polymers and carbon-based conductive materials; The hyperbranched polymer is prepared by the following method: S1: Under ice bath conditions, 2-thiophene nitrile was slowly added dropwise to a chloroform solution of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, stirred for 0.5-1.5 h, and then reacted at room temperature for 20-26 h. The result was 2,4,6-tris(2-thiophene)-1,3,5-triazine after post-treatment. S2: Mix 2,4,6-tris(2-thienyl)-1,3,5-triazine with DMF, add phosphorus oxychloride dropwise, heat to 70-90℃, keep warm for 2-5 hours, and then treat to obtain thienyltriazine formaldehyde. S3: Under nitrogen protection, 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine and thienyltriazinylformaldehyde were added to a mixed solution of glacial acetic acid, water and DMA, heated to 100-130℃, and reacted for 36-48 h. The hyperbranched polymer was then obtained after post-treatment. The carbon-based conductive material is prepared by the following method: Nickel nitrate, trimesic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were dissolved in a mixed solution of DMF and deionized water. Under sealed conditions, the mixture was heated to 140-160℃ and reacted for 8-12 h. The carbon-based conductive material was then obtained through post-treatment.

2. The sodium-ion battery conductive agent of claim 1, wherein, In step S1, the molar ratio of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to 2-thiophenecarboxynitrile is 1:(8-12).

3. The sodium-ion battery conductive agent of claim 1, wherein, In step S2, the mass ratio of 2,4,6-tris(2-thienyl)-1,3,5-triazine, DMF, and phosphorus oxychloride is 1:(8-10):(0.2-0.6).

4. The sodium-ion battery conductive agent of claim 1, wherein, In step S3, the molar ratio of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine to thienyltriazine formaldehyde is (0.8-1.2):0.

5.

5. The sodium-ion battery conductive agent of claim 1, wherein, In step S3, the volume ratio of the glacial acetic acid, water and DMA is 1:(2.5-4):(5-6).

6. The sodium-ion battery conductive agent of claim 1, wherein, The mass ratio of the hyperbranched polymer to the carbon-based conductive material is (3-6):

1.

7. A method of preparing the sodium-ion battery conductive agent according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Weigh out the following by weight: 3-6 parts hyperbranched polymer, 1 part carbon-based conductive material, and 50-70 parts deionized water. S2: Add each component to the reaction flask, stir for 2-4 hours to disperse evenly, filter, and dry at 60-70℃ for 10 hours to obtain the sodium-ion battery conductive agent.

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