Safe and explosion-proof fuel cell

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell which comprises a protective cover, a plurality of cell units connected in an inserted manner are arranged in the protective cover, a temperature sensor is arranged on the protective cover, and the temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the cell units. The protective cover is provided with a first air supply port and a second air supply port, the protective cover is further provided with a power connection port, the power connection port is used for being connected with a power supply system, the bottom of the protective cover is provided with a plurality of notches, the notches are stepped grooves, groove covers are arranged in the notches, the groove covers are also of stepped structures, and the groove covers are connected with the notches through magnetic force. According to the invention, by setting a plug-in connection mode, the battery units can be disconnected in time when the battery units are abnormal, and the battery units are abandoned under the condition of extremely high temperature, so that the temperature of the whole battery module is prevented from being out of control, the condition of detonation is avoided, and the safety of the battery module is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell with safety explosion protection. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen into electrical energy. This process is clean and efficient, and the by-product is mainly water. It releases energy through an electrochemical reaction rather than a traditional combustion method, so it has a high energy conversion efficiency and low environmental pollution. Fuel cells can be applied to various occasions, including transportation, stationary power plants, and portable electronic devices, etc., and are regarded as one of the important development directions of future clean energy technologies. According to the types of electrolytes used, fuel cells are further divided into multiple types such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), each with different characteristics and application scenarios.

[0003] In existing fuel cells, the battery units are fixedly installed. When an individual battery unit malfunctions, it is likely to affect adjacent battery units and the overall safety of the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell with safety explosion protection, aiming to solve the problem that in existing fuel cells, the battery units are fixedly installed, and when an individual battery unit malfunctions, it is likely to affect adjacent battery units and the overall safety of the battery.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows. A fuel cell with safety explosion protection, the fuel cell with safety explosion protection includes: A protective cover, in which a plurality of battery units connected by plugging are arranged. A temperature sensor is arranged on the protective cover, and the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the battery units. A first gas supply port and a second gas supply port are arranged on the protective cover. The first gas supply port and the second gas supply port are respectively used to transport fuel and air, and the first gas supply port and the second gas supply port are both connected to the battery units. An electricity connection port is also arranged on the protective cover, and the electricity connection port is used to connect to a power supply system. A plurality of notches are arranged at the bottom of the protective cover, and each notch corresponds to a battery unit. The notches are stepped notches, and a notch cover is arranged in the notches. The notch cover is also of a stepped structure, and the notch cover and the notch are magnetically connected.

[0006] Preferably, the battery unit includes a plurality of battery cells. The battery cells include a first electrode and a second electrode. Diffusion plates are provided on both the first electrode and the second electrode. The diffusion plates are located between the first electrode and the second electrode. A proton exchange membrane is provided between the two sets of diffusion plates. Air grooves are provided on both the first electrode and the second electrode. The air outlet ends of the air grooves are connected to guide pipes. The battery unit includes a protective layer. The battery cells are located within the protective layer. A diffusion layer is laid on the protective layer. The outflow ends of the guide pipes are connected to the diffusion layer.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of air inlet grooves are provided on one side of the protective cover close to the vehicle head. The air inlet grooves are located in the plane of the gap between adjacent battery units. Guide rails are fixedly provided on the protective cover. A shielding grille is slidably provided on the guide rails. A plurality of baffles are provided on the shielding grille. The width of the baffles is greater than the width of the air inlet grooves. The protective cover is also fixedly provided with a first electromagnet. A fourth magnetic block is fixedly provided on the shielding grille. The fourth magnetic block and the first electromagnet are connected by a spring. Protruding portions are provided on both sides of the protective cover. The projection of the edge of the protruding portion on the horizontal plane is a curve. The radius of curvature of the curve gradually decreases along the direction from the vehicle head to the vehicle tail. A plurality of exhaust ports are provided on the protruding portion.

[0008] Preferably, the number of the exhaust ports gradually increases along the direction from the vehicle head to the vehicle tail.

[0009] Preferably, the battery cells are connected in series. Two sets of electrical connection posts are provided on the battery unit. The two sets of electrical connection posts are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the battery cells after being connected in series. A first magnetic block is fixedly installed around the electrical connection posts. A plurality of mounting plates are provided in the inner cavity of the protective cover. Each battery unit corresponds to one mounting plate. A connection sleeve is provided on the mounting plate. The electrical connection post is inserted into the connection sleeve. A second electromagnet is fixedly provided around the connection sleeve. A first air pipe and a second air pipe are provided on the mounting plate. The first air pipe and the second air pipe are respectively connected to a first air supply port and a second air supply port. Air outlet connectors are fixedly connected to both the first air pipe and the second air pipe. An inner diameter contraction area is provided inside the air outlet connector. A sealing ball is provided in the inner cavity of the air outlet connector. Two sets of air inlet plugs are provided on the battery unit. The two sets of air inlet plugs are respectively communicated with the first electrode and the second electrode. An air inlet groove is provided at the end of the air inlet plug. A second magnetic block is fixedly provided around the air inlet plug. A third magnetic block is fixedly provided on the air outlet connector.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of ear plates are provided on the periphery of the protective cover.

[0011] Preferably, an anti-corrosion coating is provided on the protective cover.

[0012] The fuel cell with safety and explosion protection provided by the present invention can disconnect the connection of the battery unit in time when an abnormality occurs in the battery unit through the plug-and-play connection method, and discard the battery unit in the case of extreme high temperature to avoid the temperature runaway of the entire battery module, thus avoiding the occurrence of deflagration and ensuring the safety of the battery module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first perspective of a fuel cell with safety and explosion protection provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second perspective of a fuel cell with safety and explosion protection provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a fuel cell with safety and explosion protection provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a battery unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is Figure 4 a partial enlarged view of part A in FIG. 4.

[0014] In the drawings: 1. protective cover; 2. power connection port; 3. first air supply port; 4. second air supply port; 5. ear plate; 6. tank cover; 7. convex part; 8. exhaust port; 9. first electromagnet; 10. shielding grille; 11. battery unit; 12. diversion pipe; 13. diffusion layer; 14. second electromagnet; 15. power connection post; 16. first magnetic block; 17. first air pipe; 18. second air pipe; 19. second magnetic block; 20. intake plug; 21. outlet joint; 22. sealing ball; 23. intake groove; 24. third magnetic block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0015] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0016] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0017] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, a fuel cell with safety and explosion protection provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: A protective cover 1 is provided with a plurality of battery units 11 connected by plugging inside. A temperature sensor is arranged on the protective cover 1, which is used to monitor the temperature of the battery units 11. A first air supply port 3 and a second air supply port 4 are arranged on the protective cover 1. The first air supply port 3 and the second air supply port 4 are respectively used to transport fuel and air. The first air supply port 3 and the second air supply port 4 are both connected to the battery units 11. A power connection port 2 is also arranged on the protective cover 1, which is used to connect to a power supply system. A plurality of notches are arranged at the bottom of the protective cover 1, and each notch corresponds to a battery unit 11. The notches are stepped notches, and a notch cover 6 is arranged inside the notches. The notch cover 6 is also of a stepped structure, and the notch cover 6 is magnetically connected to the notches.

[0018] In the embodiment of the present invention, the edge of the notch cover 6 is made of a strong magnetic material, and the notch is made of a magnetic material. The notch cover 6 will be tightly adsorbed at the notch. Since the notch is of a stepped structure, when the protective cover 1 is subjected to an upward thrust from below, the notch cover 6 will closely adhere to the notch. The notch cover 6 can only be pushed out from the inside of the protective cover 1. Due to the use of strong magnetic connection, during normal driving, the notch cover 6 will not fall off. The battery unit 11 adopts a plug-and-play structure. The temperature of the corresponding battery unit 11 can be monitored through the temperature sensor. Two temperature thresholds are set for each battery unit, namely the first threshold and the second threshold. The first threshold is lower than the second threshold. When the temperature reaches the first threshold, it is determined that the battery unit 11 has a temperature abnormality, and the battery unit 11 is disconnected. After the temperature is restored, the battery unit 11 is reconnected. If at any time, the temperature of any one battery unit 11 reaches the second threshold, it is determined that there is a combustion risk, and then the battery unit 11 is discharged from the inside of the protective cover 1, so as to avoid the threat caused by the out-of-control temperature of the current battery unit 11 to other battery units 11 and ensure the overall safety of the battery module.

[0019] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery unit 11 includes a plurality of battery sheets. The battery sheets include a first electrode and a second electrode. Diffusion plates are arranged on both the first electrode and the second electrode. The diffusion plates are located between the first electrode and the second electrode. A proton exchange membrane is arranged between the two groups of diffusion plates. Air grooves are arranged on both the first electrode and the second electrode. The air outlet ends of the air grooves are connected with a diversion tube 12. The battery unit 11 includes a protective layer. The battery sheets are located inside the protective layer. A diffusion layer is laid on the protective layer. The outflow end of the diversion tube 12 is connected to the diffusion layer.

[0020] In this embodiment, fuel enters through the air grooves on the first electrode, and air enters through the air grooves on the second electrode. The fuel and air are diffused through two sets of diffusion plates respectively, so that the fuel and air are evenly distributed within the diffusion plates. A proton exchange membrane is used for the reaction, thereby generating an electric potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode. Multiple battery cells are connected in series, so that the total voltage of the battery unit 11 can be increased. The battery units 11 are continuously connected in series, so that the output voltage of the entire battery module reaches a preset value. The battery module is connected to the power supply system, and the power supply system performs voltage stabilization processing, thereby achieving stable output. An energy storage device is provided in the power supply system to store excess electric energy and output it when power supply is needed, achieving the effect of peak shaving and valley filling, ensuring stability. The fuel can be hydrogen. After the fuel reacts with air, the reaction product is water. The water is introduced into the diffusion layer through the diversion pipe 12. The diffusion layer is made of porous material and has a large surface area, which can facilitate the contact between the liquid and air. The evaporation of water on the diffusion layer is used to dissipate heat from the battery unit 11.

[0021] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of air inlet grooves are provided on one side of the protective cover 1 close to the vehicle head. The air inlet grooves are located in the plane of the gap between adjacent battery units 11. A guide rail is fixedly provided on the protective cover 1, and a shielding grille 10 is slidably provided on the guide rail. A plurality of baffles are provided on the shielding grille 10, and the width of the baffles is greater than the width of the air inlet grooves. The protective cover 1 is also fixedly provided with a first electromagnet 9, and a fourth magnetic block is fixedly provided on the shielding grille 10. The fourth magnetic block and the first electromagnet 9 are connected by a spring. Protrusion parts 7 are provided on both sides of the protective cover 1, and the projection of the edge of the protrusion part 7 on the horizontal plane is a curve. The radius of curvature of the curve gradually decreases along the direction from the vehicle head to the vehicle tail. A plurality of exhaust ports 8 are provided on the protrusion part 7.

[0022] In this embodiment, the air inlet groove is arranged on one side of the vehicle head, that is, on the windward side. During the driving of the vehicle, air flows into the protective cover 1 from the air inlet groove and finally discharges from the exhaust port 8 arranged on the convex part 7. The convex part 7 is streamlined, and its radius of curvature gradually decreases along the direction from the vehicle head to the vehicle tail. Based on the principle of aerodynamics, the smaller the radius of curvature, that is, the steeper the convexity, the more intense the compression of the air flow in this area, and the flow rate will increase. Since the air inlet groove impacts the air flow head-on, the air pressure inside the protective cover 1 will be greater than that of the exhaust port 8, and the air flow inside the protective cover 1 will discharge from the exhaust port 8. Due to the change of the radius of curvature, the closer to the vehicle tail, the greater the exhaust volume. During the operation of each battery unit 11, after the external air flow enters the protective cover 1, it first exchanges heat with the battery unit 11 close to the vehicle head. Then, when exchanging heat with the subsequent battery unit 11, the temperature of the air flow has risen, and the cooling effect will decrease. However, due to the arrangement of the convex part 7, the air flow volume near the vehicle tail is increased, thereby compensating the cooling effect to a certain extent and ensuring the temperature stability of all battery units 11. During the operation of the battery unit 11, it needs to react within a preset temperature range. When the temperature is too low or too high, the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the heat dissipation efficiency according to the temperature of the battery unit 11. When the battery unit 11 needs to be heated, the ventilation volume can be reduced, and vice versa, the ventilation volume can be increased. Specifically, when the first electromagnet 9 is energized, the first electromagnet 9 changes the magnetic field intensity, thereby adsorbing the fourth magnetic block, and the fourth magnetic block drives the shielding grille 10 to move, locally shielding or completely shielding the air inlet groove, thereby changing the intake air volume. The number of the exhaust ports 8 gradually increases along the direction from the vehicle head to the vehicle tail. Increasing the number of exhaust ports can also improve the heat dissipation effect of the battery unit 11 near the vehicle tail.

[0023] Such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery cells are connected in series. Two sets of electrical connection posts 15 are provided on the battery unit 11. The two sets of electrical connection posts 15 are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the serially connected battery cells. A first magnetic block 16 is fixedly installed around the electrical connection post 15. A plurality of mounting plates are arranged inside the protective cover 1. Each battery unit 11 corresponds to one mounting plate. An electrical connection sleeve is provided on the mounting plate. The electrical connection post 15 is inserted into the electrical connection sleeve. A second electromagnet 14 is fixedly arranged around the electrical connection sleeve. A first air pipe 17 and a second air pipe 18 are provided on the mounting plate. The first air pipe 17 and the second air pipe 18 are respectively connected to the first air supply port 3 and the second air supply port 4. Air outlet connectors 21 are fixedly connected to both the first air pipe 17 and the second air pipe 18. An inner diameter contraction area is provided inside the air outlet connector 21. A sealing ball 22 is arranged inside the cavity of the air outlet connector 21. Two sets of air inlet plugs 20 are provided on the battery unit 11. The two sets of air inlet plugs 20 are respectively communicated with the first electrode and the second electrode. An air inlet groove 23 is provided at the end of the air inlet plug 20. A second magnetic block 19 is fixedly arranged around the air inlet plug 20. A third magnetic block 24 is fixedly arranged on the air outlet connector 21.

[0024] In this embodiment, when the battery unit 11 is in normal use, with the cooperation of the air outlet connector 21 and the air inlet plug 20, the power connection post 15 on the battery unit 11 is inserted into the power connection sleeve on the mounting plate. Due to the provision of the second magnet 19 and the third magnet 24, which attract each other, the battery unit 11 is fixed on the mounting plate, and the power connection post 15 fits tightly with the power connection sleeve. The air inlet plug 20 pushes up the sealing ball 22 located inside the air outlet connector 21. Then, fuel and air reach the first air pipe 17 and the second air pipe 18 through the first air supply port 3 and the second air supply port 4 respectively. The fuel and air enter the interior of the battery unit 11 through the air inlet groove 23, and the fuel and air react inside the battery unit 11. According to the sensors on the vehicle to determine the current road conditions, when driving on a bumpy road, the second electromagnet 14 is energized, and the second electromagnet 14 generates a magnetic field to attract the first magnet 16 to ensure the connection stability of the battery unit 11. When it is detected that the temperature of a certain battery unit 11 reaches the first threshold, the second electromagnet 14 changes its magnetic pole to repel the first magnet 16, causing the power connection post 15 to slide relative to the power connection sleeve. The power connection post 15 is located inside the power connection sleeve, but the electrical connection between them is disconnected. At the same time, the air inlet plug 20 also slides relative to the air outlet connector 21, and the sealing ball 22 drops to block the air outlet connector 21, and the fuel and air will be disconnected synchronously. The sealing ball 22 is made of magnetic material and can seal the air outlet connector 21 to prevent leakage. At this time, the bottom of the battery unit 11 just touches the groove cover 6. If it is necessary to reconnect the current battery unit 11, just change the magnetic pole of the second electromagnet 14 to make the second electromagnet 14 attract the first magnet 16; if the temperature reaches the second threshold, the second electromagnet 14 adjusts the magnetic field intensity to the maximum to repel the first magnet 16, causing the power connection post 15 to completely separate from the power connection sleeve, and at the same time the air inlet plug 20 also completely separates from the air outlet connector 21, and the battery unit 11 moves downward to push open the groove cover 6, and the battery unit 11 leaves the protective cover 1 from the corresponding slot opening to avoid the current battery unit 11 posing a threat to other battery units.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of ear plates 5 are provided on the periphery of the protective cover 1, and the ear plates 5 are used to mount the fuel cell on the vehicle frame.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, an anti-corrosion coating is provided on the protective cover 1.

[0027] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell with safety explosion protection, characterized in that, The safe and explosion-proof fuel cell includes: A protective cover (1), in which a plurality of battery units (11) connected by plugging are arranged. A temperature sensor is arranged on the protective cover (1) for monitoring the temperature of the battery units (11). A first air supply port (3) and a second air supply port (4) are arranged on the protective cover (1). The first air supply port (3) and the second air supply port (4) are respectively used for transporting fuel and air, and are simultaneously connected to the battery units (11). A power connection port (2) is also arranged on the protective cover (1) for connecting to a power supply system. A plurality of notch openings are arranged at the bottom of the protective cover (1), each notch opening corresponding to a battery unit (11). The notch openings are stepped notch openings, and notch covers (6) are arranged in the notch openings. The notch covers (6) are also of stepped structure, and the notch covers (6) are magnetically connected to the notch openings.

2. The fuel cell with safety explosion prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery unit (11) includes a plurality of battery plates. The battery plates include a first electrode and a second electrode. Diffusion plates are arranged on both the first electrode and the second electrode, and are located between the first electrode and the second electrode. A proton exchange membrane is arranged between the two groups of diffusion plates. Air grooves are arranged on both the first electrode and the second electrode, and the air outlet ends of the air grooves are connected with diversion pipes (12). The battery unit (11) includes a protective layer, the battery plates are located in the protective layer, a diffusion layer is laid on the protective layer, and the outflow ends of the diversion pipes (12) are connected into the diffusion layer.

3. The safety explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of air inlet grooves are arranged on one side of the protective cover (1) close to the vehicle head, and the air inlet grooves are located in the plane of the gap between adjacent battery units (11). Guide rails are fixedly arranged on the protective cover (1), and a shielding grille (10) is slidably arranged on the guide rails. A plurality of baffles are arranged on the shielding grille (10), and the width of the baffles is greater than the width of the air inlet grooves. A first electromagnet (9) is also fixedly arranged on the protective cover (1), and a fourth magnetic block is fixedly arranged on the shielding grille (10). The fourth magnetic block and the first electromagnet (9) are connected by a spring. Protruding parts (7) are arranged on both sides of the protective cover (1), and the projection of the edge of the protruding parts (7) on the horizontal plane is a curve. The radius of curvature of the curve gradually decreases along the direction from the vehicle head to the vehicle tail. A plurality of exhaust ports (8) are arranged on the protruding parts (7).

4. The safety explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein, The number of the exhaust ports (8) gradually increases along the direction from the vehicle head to the vehicle tail.

5. The safety explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery cells are connected in series. Two sets of electrical connection posts (15) are provided on the battery unit (11). The two sets of electrical connection posts (15) are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the series-connected battery cells. A first magnetic block (16) is fixedly installed on the periphery of the electrical connection post (15). A plurality of mounting plates are arranged in the inner cavity of the protective cover (1). Each battery unit (11) corresponds to one mounting plate. A connection sleeve is arranged on the mounting plate. The electrical connection post (15) is inserted into the connection sleeve. A second electromagnet (14) is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the connection sleeve. A first air pipe (17) and a second air pipe (18) are arranged on the mounting plate. The first air pipe (17) and the second air pipe (18) are respectively connected to the first air supply port (3) and the second air supply port (4). Air outlet connectors (21) are fixedly connected to both the first air pipe (17) and the second air pipe (18). An inner diameter contraction area is arranged inside the air outlet connector (21). A sealing ball (22) is arranged in the inner cavity of the air outlet connector (21). Two sets of air inlet plugs (20) are arranged on the battery unit (11). The two sets of air inlet plugs (20) are respectively communicated with the first electrode and the second electrode. An air inlet groove (23) is arranged at the end of the air inlet plug (20). A second magnetic block (19) is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the air inlet plug (20). A third magnetic block (24) is fixedly arranged on the air outlet connector (21).

6. The safety explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of ear plates (5) are arranged on the periphery of the protective cover (1).

7. The safety explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein, An anti-corrosion coating is arranged on the protective cover (1).

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