Power supply circuits and servers

Abstract

The present application provides a power supply circuit that can be applied to the field of server power supply technology. The power supply circuit includes: a power bus, configured to provide electric energy to a rated power supply unit and a peak power supply unit; a load bus, configured to provide electric energy to a load; a rated power supply unit, the input end of the rated power supply unit is electrically connected to the power bus, the output end of the rated power supply unit is electrically connected to the load bus, configured to obtain electric energy through the power bus, and output electric energy less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load through the load bus; a peak power supply unit, the input end of the peak power supply unit is electrically connected to the power bus, the output end of the peak power supply unit is electrically connected to the load bus, configured to obtain electric energy through the power bus, and when the actual power of the load is greater than the rated power of the load, output peak power electric energy to the load through the load bus, so that the load can operate according to the actual power of the load. The present application also provides a server.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of server power supply, and in particular to a power supply circuit and a server. Background Art

[0002] The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is inseparable from AI servers, the core hardware for AI computing. The proper functioning of AI servers is crucial for AI computing. Within AI servers, the power supply circuit is fundamental to ensuring their proper functioning. However, this circuit presents challenges such as large size and complex structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a power supply circuit and a server.

[0004] According to the first aspect of the present application, a power supply circuit is provided, comprising: a power bus configured to provide electric energy to a rated power supply unit and a peak power supply unit; a load bus configured to provide electric energy to a load; the rated power supply unit, the input end of the rated power supply unit being electrically connected to the power bus, the output end of the rated power supply unit being electrically connected to the load bus, configured to obtain electric energy through the power bus, and output electric energy less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load through the load bus; the peak power supply unit, the input end of the peak power supply unit being electrically connected to the power bus, the output end of the peak power supply unit being electrically connected to the load bus, configured to obtain electric energy through the power bus, and when the actual power of the load is greater than the rated power of the load, output electric energy of peak power to the load through the load bus, so that the load can operate according to the actual power of the load.

[0005] A second aspect of the present application provides a server, comprising: the power supply circuit as described above.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present application, the peak power supply unit outputs electrical energy to the load that exceeds the rated power of the load, while the rated power supply unit outputs electrical energy to the load at the rated power of the load. Therefore, the output voltage of the rated power supply unit can be maintained within a narrow range. In addition, the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit can each independently obtain electrical energy from the power bus and independently provide electrical energy to the load, independently and unaffected by each other, thereby increasing the stability of the power supply circuit. In addition, the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit use the same power bus to obtain electrical energy and output electrical energy through the same load bus, resulting in a simple structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] The above contents and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0008] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0009] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a rated power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0010] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a rated power supply module according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0011] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a peak power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0012] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an isolated buck conversion module according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0013] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a peak power supply module according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0014] Figure 7 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0015] Figure 8 A block diagram of a server according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. In the detailed description below, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessarily confusing the concepts of the present application.

[0017] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms "comprise," "include," etc. used herein indicate the presence of the features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0018] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0019] When expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." are used, they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0020] AI servers primarily consist of a power supply circuit and a load, with the power supply circuit and load electrically connected. The core function of an AI server is to provide the load with stable and adaptive voltage and current through the power supply circuit, thereby meeting the load's (e.g., graphics processing unit (GPU)) requirements under different power operating states. With the development of AI technology, the number of GPUs in AI servers continues to increase, directly leading to a rise in the total power consumption of the load, and consequently, the power consumption output of the power supply circuit also needs to increase accordingly. GPU-based computing units are characterized by extremely high short-term peak power, for example, reaching twice the rated power, and this high-power state lasts for milliseconds. Therefore, AI servers must not only meet the total power consumption requirements of the load, but also the peak power consumption requirements of the load.

[0021] The design of the power supply circuit often results in large size, low load rate, and low efficiency. When the power supply circuit is powered by a high-voltage DC power bus, it is difficult to meet the power-off retention function. To ensure the power-off retention time, the capacitance of the parallel capacitor on the high-voltage DC power bus needs to be increased due to the high voltage accuracy requirements of the high-voltage DC power bus. However, this limits the voltage fluctuation range, and the capacitor is large, taking up a lot of space. The energy of most capacitors is not fully utilized, resulting in waste of resources and increased costs. These problems restrict the application of AI servers and the further improvement of AI server performance.

[0022] In order to accommodate as many computing units as possible in the limited AI server space, the power supply circuit needs to be smaller and smaller, so the power supply circuit needs to have a higher power density.

[0023] In one example, the power of the power supply circuit is increased by adding capacitors to the power supply. For example, N+N power supply units (PSUs) are redundantly connected in parallel, and multiple aluminum electrolytic capacitor busbars are placed on the high-voltage DC power bus to further enhance the peak power supply capacity. However, this method has problems with cost and size.

[0024] In another example, additional energy storage devices can be added to the output bus to supply the peak power of the output bus by shaving peak power and filling valley power. However, the energy storage transfer requires obtaining electrical energy from the output bus, and the control of the power supply circuit is not flexible enough.

[0025] In view of this, the present application proposes a power supply circuit, comprising: a power bus, configured to provide electrical energy to a rated power supply unit and a peak power supply unit; a load bus, configured to provide electrical energy to a load; a rated power supply unit, wherein the input end of the rated power supply unit is electrically connected to the power bus, and the output end of the rated power supply unit is electrically connected to the load bus, configured to obtain electrical energy through the power bus, and output electrical energy less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load through the load bus; a peak power supply unit, wherein the input end of the peak power supply unit is electrically connected to the power bus, and the output end of the peak power supply unit is electrically connected to the load bus, configured to obtain electrical energy through the power bus, and when the actual power of the load is greater than the rated power of the load, output peak power electrical energy to the load through the load bus, so that the load can operate according to the actual power of the load.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the power supply circuit 100 includes a power bus 110 , a load bus 120 , a rated power supply unit 130 and a peak power supply unit 140 .

[0028] The power bus 110 is configured to provide power to the rated power supply unit 130 and the peak power supply unit 140 .

[0029] The load bus 120 is configured to provide electrical energy to a load.

[0030] The input end of the rated power supply unit 130 is electrically connected to the power bus 110, and the output end of the rated power supply unit 130 is electrically connected to the load bus 120. The rated power supply unit 130 is configured to obtain electrical energy from the power bus 110 and output electrical energy less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load through the load bus 120.

[0031] The input end of the peak power supply unit 140 is electrically connected to the power bus 110, and the output end of the peak power supply unit 140 is electrically connected to the load bus 120. It is configured to obtain electrical energy through the power bus 110 and output peak power electrical energy to the load through the load bus 120 when the actual power of the load is greater than the rated power of the load, so that the load can operate according to the actual power of the load.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present application, the power bus 110 may be a DC power bus. For example, the power bus 110 may provide 400 VDC high-voltage direct current.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present application, the load may be a computing unit in an AI server, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a GPU, or other types of loads.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present application, the input end of the rated power supply unit 130 is connected to the power bus 110 and can directly obtain power from the power bus 110. The output end of the rated power supply unit 130 is connected to the load bus 120 and can directly output power to the load.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present application, the input end of the peak power supply unit 140 is connected to the power bus 110 and can directly obtain power from the power bus 110. The output end of the peak power supply unit 140 is connected to the load bus 120 and can directly output power to the load.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present application, the load operating conditions can be divided into two types based on the actual load power of the load. One load operating condition can be that the actual load power of the load is less than or equal to the load rated power, and the other load operating condition can be that the actual load power of the load is greater than the load rated power. When the load operating condition is that the actual load power is less than or equal to the load rated power, the rated power supply unit 130 provides the load with electric energy less than or equal to the load rated power. When the load operating condition is that the actual load power is greater than the load rated power, the rated power supply unit 130 provides the load with electric energy equal to the load rated power, and the peak power supply unit 140 provides the load with electric energy with a peak power that exceeds the load actual power by the portion that exceeds the load rated power. As can be seen from this, the power range of the electric energy provided by the rated power supply unit 130 to the load is fixed, thereby ensuring the output stability of the rated power supply unit 130. The peak power supply unit 140 only needs to provide the load with electric energy with peak power, so that the load can operate according to the actual load power and meet the different operating conditions of the load.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the present application, the peak power supply unit outputs electrical energy to the load that exceeds the rated power of the load, while the rated power supply unit outputs electrical energy to the load at the rated power of the load. Therefore, the output voltage of the rated power supply unit can be maintained within a narrow range. In addition, the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit can each independently obtain electrical energy from the power bus and independently provide electrical energy to the load, independently and unaffected by each other, thereby increasing the stability of the power supply circuit. In addition, the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit use the same power bus to obtain electrical energy and output electrical energy through the same load bus, resulting in a simple structure.

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a rated power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the rated power supply unit includes a rated power supply module 210 , a first power flow control module 220 , a first control module 230 , a first switch K1 , and a first diode D1 .

[0040] The rated power supply module 210 is configured to obtain electrical energy through the power bus and output a rated output power less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load through the load bus 120 .

[0041] The first power flow control module 220 is configured to determine a transmission path for the rated power supply module 210 to output the rated output power to the load according to the rated output power and the actual power of the load.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present application, the input end of the rated power supply module 210 can be connected to the power bus to obtain power from the power bus, and the output end of the rated power supply module 210 can be connected to the load bus to output rated output power to the load bus.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first power flow control module 220 may have computing capabilities to calculate the rated output power and the actual load power. The first power flow control module 220 may be connected to a load bus to obtain the current and voltage of the load bus, thereby calculating the actual load power. The first power flow control module 220 may also be connected to the output of the rated power supply module 210 to obtain the voltage and current output by the rated power supply module 210, thereby calculating the rated output power of the rated power supply module 210.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first power flow control module 220 can determine the transmission path for the rated power supply module 210 to output the rated output power to the load based on the rated output power and the actual power of the load. For example, the transmission path may include a first rated path and a second rated path. The first rated path may be the transmission path of the rated power supply module 210 when the load's operating condition is such that the actual power of the load is less than or equal to the load's rated power. The second rated path may be the transmission path of the rated power supply module 210 when the load's operating condition is such that the actual power of the load is greater than the load's rated power.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present application, by determining the transmission path of the rated power supply module 210, the electric energy output by the rated power supply module 210 can be output through the corresponding transmission path under different load conditions, thereby avoiding abnormal operation of the power supply circuit.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, a first switch K1 and a first diode D1 are connected in parallel. One end of the first switch K1 is connected to the rated power supply module 210, and the other end is connected to the load bus. One end of the first diode D1 is connected to the rated power supply module 210, and the other end is connected to the load bus. When the first switch K1 is closed, the first diode D1 is short-circuited, and the power output of the rated power supply module 210 is output along the path where the first switch K1 is located. When the first switch K1 is open, the power output of the rated power supply module 210 is output along the path where the first diode D1 is located.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first power flow control module 220 can be configured to determine that the rated power supply module 210 outputs electrical energy to the load via the first switch K1 when the rated output power is greater than the actual power of the load; and to determine that the rated power supply module 210 outputs electrical energy to the load via the first diode D1 when the rated output power is less than or equal to the actual power of the load.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first switch K1 may be a high-power Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). When the rated output power is greater than the actual power of the load, the first switch K1 may be closed, and thus electrical energy may be output to the load via the first switch K1.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first switch K1 and the first diode D1 are arranged in parallel to form two different paths. The path where the first switch K1 is located is applicable to the load operating condition where the actual load power is less than or equal to the rated load power, that is, the power required by the load bus is less than or equal to the rated output power output by the rated power supply module 210. Therefore, the rated output power can be output entirely to the load bus, and there is no need to worry about energy being transmitted from the load bus back to the rated power supply module 210. The path where the first diode D1 is located is applicable to the load operating condition where the actual load power is greater than the rated load power, that is, the power required by the load bus is greater than the rated output power output by the rated power supply module 210. The first diode D1 has the characteristics of forward conduction and reverse cutoff. Therefore, the first diode D1 can prevent the electric energy in the load bus from being transmitted back to the rated power supply module 210.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the rated output power is less than or equal to the actual power of the load, the first switch K1 can be disconnected, and electric energy can be output to the load via the first diode D1, so that the rated power supply module 210 can only output electric energy to the load through the first diode D1, thereby avoiding power supply circuit abnormalities caused by the electric energy in the load bus being fed back to the rated power supply module 210 through the first switch K1, thereby improving the stability of the power supply circuit.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the first control module 230 is configured to determine a first target control mode from the first control mode and the second control mode according to the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode and the energy consumption in the second control mode, so as to control the rated power supply module 210 to output a rated output power less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load according to the first target control mode.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first control module 230 can calculate the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode and the energy consumption in the second control mode. For example, the first control module 230 can be connected to the load bus, obtain the current and voltage of the load bus from the load bus, and thus calculate the energy consumption in the first control mode and the second control mode. The first control module 230 can compare the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode and the second control mode, and determine the first target control mode from the first control mode and the second control mode based on the comparison result. The first power flow control module 220 can also be connected to the input end of the rated power supply module 210 to control the operation of the rated power supply module 210 according to the first target control mode.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first target control mode of the rated power supply module 210 is determined according to the energy consumption of the load under different control modes, so that the energy consumption of the load can be reduced.

[0054] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a rated power supply module according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the rated power supply module includes a first power converter 310. The first power converter 310 includes a first input-side conversion submodule 311 and a first output-side power flow submodule 312. The input end of the first input-side conversion submodule 311 is electrically connected to the power bus, and the output end of the first output-side power flow submodule 312 is electrically connected to the load bus.

[0056] The first power converter 310 is configured to obtain input electrical energy through the power bus, use the first input side conversion submodule 311 and the first output side power flow submodule 312 to convert the input electrical energy into output electrical energy less than or equal to the rated power of the load, and output the output electrical energy to the load through the load bus.

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present application, the input end of the first input-side conversion submodule 311 is connected to the power bus, and the output end of the first output-side power flow submodule 312 is connected to the load bus. The first input-side conversion submodule 311 and the first output-side power flow submodule 312 can be step-down transformers to step down the voltage on the power bus.

[0058] According to an embodiment of the present application, the rated power supply module is a single-stage conversion structure, that is, the electric energy in the power bus can be converted into the electric energy required by the load through the first power converter 310. The single-stage conversion structure has a small number of conversions, stable power, small fluctuations in design parameters, high efficiency, and high power density. At the same time, the input voltage of the rated power supply module can operate within a fixed narrow range, so the power components inside the rated power supply module are simple in design, which is convenient for improving efficiency. At the same time, the rated power supply module only needs to meet the rated power requirements of the load, and in actual work, the load rate is high, the working efficiency is high, and the heat loss is low.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present application, the rated power supply module may include a first power switch. In a first control mode, the first control module controls the rated output power by adjusting the on-duty cycle of the first power switch. In a second control mode, the first control module controls the rated output power by adjusting the on-frequency of the first power switch. The first control module may be configured to determine the mode with lower load energy consumption between the first and second control modes as the first target control mode.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first control mode may be a pulse width modulation (PWM) mode, which controls the rated output power by varying the on-duty cycle of the first power switch. The second control mode may be a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode, which controls the rated output power by varying the on-frequency of the first power switch. The PFM mode reduces switching losses and improves load efficiency by lowering the switching frequency, thereby achieving high efficiency across the entire load range. Different control modes may be suitable for different loads. For example, the PWM mode may be used under heavy load conditions, while the PFM mode may be switched to under light load conditions.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present application, different control modes are suitable for different load conditions, and the loss of the load in different control modes can be calculated by the first control module. For example, the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode and the energy consumption in the second control mode are calculated. The energy consumption of the load in the first control mode can be PlossPWM, and the energy consumption in the second control mode can be PlossPFM, and the switching point can be KS=PlossPFM / PlossPWM. When KS is greater than 1, that is, the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode is less than that in the second control mode, the first control mode can be determined as the first target control mode. When KS is less than or equal to 1, that is, the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode is less than or equal to the energy consumption in the second control mode, the second control mode can be determined as the first target control mode.

[0062] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first target control mode of the rated power supply module is determined according to the energy consumption of the load under different control modes, so that the energy consumption of the load can be reduced.

[0063] According to an embodiment of the present application, the rated power supply module may adopt a resonant drive control technology. A resonant inductor and a resonant capacitor may be provided in the first input-side conversion submodule 311 on the input side of the rated power supply module to implement zero voltage switching or zero current switching of the first power switch.

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first control module can be configured to control the first power switch to be turned on when the voltage across the first power switch is a preset voltage value, and to control the first power switch to be turned off when the current flowing through the first power switch is a preset current value.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first power switch can be controlled to be turned on when the voltage across the first power switch is a preset voltage value, i.e., zero voltage switching. The preset voltage value can be, for example, 0 or close to 0. The first power switch can be controlled to be turned off when the current flowing through the first power switch is a preset current value, i.e., zero current switching. The preset current value can be, for example, 0 or close to 0.

[0066] According to an embodiment of the present application, by controlling the on and off timings of the first power switch, the switching loss of the first power switch in the rated power supply module can be reduced.

[0067] According to an embodiment of the present application, the switching frequency of the first power switch can be determined by the result of the mutual resonance between the resonant inductor and the resonant capacitor in the first power converter 310, which can be specifically determined by Determine the switching frequency of the first power switch. represents the resonant inductance, Represents the resonant capacitor.

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown, the rated power supply unit may further include a first switch driving circuit 320, and the first control module may drive the first power switch in the rated power supply module through the first switch driving circuit 320. The first switch driving circuit 320 may be connected to the first input-side conversion submodule 311 and the first output-side power flow submodule 312.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present application, the control of the rated power supply module can be closed-loop control, that is, the load operating condition is obtained from the load bus through the first control module, and the conduction duty cycle or conduction frequency of the first power switch is adjusted through the first switch drive circuit 320 according to the load operating condition.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present application, the conduction frequency and conduction duty cycle of the first power switch satisfy Vout1=Vin1⋅D1⋅N1 / f1. Wherein, Vout1 represents the output voltage of the rated power supply module, Vin1 represents the input voltage from the power bus to the first input side conversion submodule 311, D1 represents the conduction duty cycle of the first power switch, f1 represents the conduction frequency of the first power switch, and N1 represents the turns ratio of the first power converter 310. Figure 3 In the first control mode, since the input voltage of the power bus fluctuates, the power input from the power bus to the rated power supply module also fluctuates. Therefore, to achieve precise control of the output voltage Vout1 of the rated power supply module, the on-duty cycle D1 of the first power switch can be adjusted in real time based on the input voltage Vin1 from the power bus to the first input-side conversion submodule 311, while maintaining the on-frequency f1 of the first power switch and the turns ratio N1 of the first power converter 310.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present application, in the second control mode, to achieve precise control of the output voltage Vout1 of the rated power supply module, while maintaining the on-duty cycle D1 of the first power switch and the turns ratio of the first power converter 310, the on-frequency f1 of the first power switch can be adjusted in real time based on the input voltage Vin1 from the power bus to the first input-side conversion submodule 311. In the second control mode, the on-duty cycle D1 of the first power switch can be, for example, 0.45.

[0072] According to an embodiment of the present application, in the second control mode, the magnitude of the conduction frequency f1 of the first power switch can be adjusted by OK. Among them, Indicates the load current, Indicates the minimum current of the load, represents the fundamental switching frequency of the first power switch.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present application, there may be multiple first power switches. Figure 3 The main function of the first switch driving circuit 320 shown in FIG is to further enhance the driving capability of the first power switch in the PWM mode issued in the closed-loop control, so that the control signal sent to the first power switch has sufficient driving capability, and at the same time adjust the interval time Tr between the opening of different first power switches, reserve a certain time for the resonant soft switching of each first power switch, and prevent the commonality between the first power switches. The interval time Tr can be adjusted by Calculate, where represents the peak current on the input side obtained by the load current collected by the first control module, represents the resonant inductor, and Vin1 represents the input voltage from the power bus to the first input-side conversion submodule 311.

[0074] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first power converter 310 not only performs voltage conversion but also provides electrical isolation, enabling the first input-side conversion submodule 311 to have a higher voltage value. Electrical isolation is intended to completely isolate the high voltage on the input side from the low voltage on the output side, preventing dangerous voltage on the high-voltage side from being transmitted to the low-voltage side, thereby protecting the load on the output side.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present application, the rated power supply unit is designed according to the rated load power of the load, without considering the actual load power of the load. Therefore, the design is simple and the load rate is high.

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present application, the peak power supply unit may also be configured to output electrical energy to the load when the power bus is disconnected from the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit.

[0077] According to an embodiment of the present application, electric energy can be stored in the peak power supply unit, so that when the power bus is disconnected from the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit, electric energy can still be output to the load, so that the peak power supply unit can meet the power-off retention function.

[0078] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a peak power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown, the peak power supply unit includes an isolated step-down conversion module 410 , an energy storage module 420 , a peak power supply module 430 , a second power flow control module 440 and a second control module 470 .

[0080] The isolated step-down conversion module 410 is configured to convert the voltage obtained from the power bus into an intermediate voltage.

[0081] The energy storage module 420 is electrically connected to the isolated step-down conversion module 410 via the intermediate bus 450 and is configured to store electrical energy at an intermediate voltage.

[0082] The peak power supply module 430 is electrically connected to the energy storage module 420 through the energy storage bus 460, and is configured to obtain electrical energy from the energy storage module 420 and output peak power electrical energy to the load through the load bus when the actual power of the load is greater than the rated power of the load.

[0083] The second power flow control module 440 is configured to determine a transmission path for the peak power supply module 430 to output electric energy to the load according to the peak power output by the peak power supply module 430 and the real-time power of the load.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present application, the input of the isolated step-down conversion module 410 is connected to the power bus, and the output of the isolated step-down conversion module 410 is connected to the intermediate bus 450. The input of the energy storage module 420 is connected to the intermediate bus 450, and the output of the energy storage module 420 is connected to the energy storage bus 460. The input of the peak power supply module 430 is connected to the energy storage bus 460, and the output of the peak power supply module 430 is connected to the load bus. The second power flow control module 440 can be connected to the output of the peak power supply module 430 and the load bus. The second control module 470 can be connected to the input and output of the isolated step-down conversion module 410 and the load bus.

[0085] According to an embodiment of the present application, the energy storage module 420 is disposed between the isolated step-down conversion module 410 and the peak power supply module 430 , and can smooth the power fluctuations on the intermediate bus 450 and the energy storage bus 460 .

[0086] According to an embodiment of the present application, the peak power supply unit is composed of a two-stage power supply conversion structure. The first stage is an isolated step-down conversion module 410, which is an isolated fixed ratio structure. It mainly provides the function of input and output electrical isolation, while ensuring that the high voltage of the power bus will not pass to the back end under abnormal operating conditions, causing high voltage breakdown of each load on the back end load bus. The second-stage peak power supply module 430 can be a non-isolated power conversion structure. The non-isolated power conversion structure has high conversion efficiency and good dynamic response characteristics, which can meet the power supply requirements of the load transient peak high current. The peak power supply module 430 can be implemented based on a BUCK circuit (DC-DC step-down converter) or a BUCK-BOOS circuit (boost and downgrade DC-DC converter).

[0087] According to an embodiment of the present application, the isolated step-down conversion module 410, the energy storage module 420 and the peak power supply module 430 can enable the peak power supply unit to output peak power electrical energy to the load, thereby meeting the load's instantaneous high power demand.

[0088] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an isolated buck conversion module according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0089] like Figure 5 As shown, the isolated step-down conversion module includes a second power converter 510. The second power converter 510 includes a second input-side conversion submodule 511 and a second output-side power flow submodule 512. The input end of the second input-side conversion submodule 511 is electrically connected to the power bus, and the output end of the second output-side power flow submodule 512 is electrically connected to the intermediate bus.

[0090] The second power converter 510 is configured to obtain electric energy through the power bus, and convert the obtained electric energy into an intermediate voltage through the second input-side conversion submodule 511 and the second output-side power flow submodule 512 .

[0091] According to an embodiment of the present application, the input end of the second input-side conversion submodule 511 is connected to the power bus, and the output end of the second output-side power flow submodule 512 is connected to the intermediate bus 450. The second input-side conversion submodule 511 and the second output-side power flow submodule 512 can be step-down transformers, thereby being able to step down the voltage on the power bus.

[0092] According to the embodiments of the present application, since the isolated buck converter module does not directly output electrical energy to the load, and the electrical energy output by the isolated buck converter module must pass through the energy storage module, the output voltage of the isolated buck converter module does not need to be as precise as that of the rated power supply module. Therefore, the control of the isolated buck converter module can adopt open-loop control.

[0093] According to the embodiments of the present application, the isolated fixed ratio structure for isolated step-down mainly provides the function of input and output electrical isolation, while ensuring that the high voltage electricity of the power bus under abnormal working conditions will not pass through the rear end and cause high voltage breakdown of each load on the rear end load bus.

[0094] According to the embodiments of the present application, Figure 5 As shown, the peak power supply unit may further include a second switch driving circuit 520 , and the second control module may drive the second power switch to be turned on and off through the second switch driving circuit 520 .

[0095] According to an embodiment of the present application, the isolated buck conversion module includes a second power switch, and the second control module is configured to determine the conduction duty cycle and conduction frequency of the second power switch according to the input voltage and the intermediate voltage of the power bus.

[0096] According to embodiments of the present application, since the isolated buck converter module is open-loop controlled, the on-duty cycle and on-frequency of the second power switch can be fixed values. The on-duty cycle and on-frequency of the second power switch can be determined based on the input voltage and output voltage. For example, the on-duty cycle and on-frequency of the second power switch can be set to 0.45 and 500 kHz. When the input voltage on the input side of the isolated buck converter module is constant, the output voltage is also constant. If the input voltage fluctuates, closed-loop control can be performed again based on the output voltage to determine the on-duty cycle and on-frequency of the second power switch, thereby achieving stable control of the isolated buck converter module.

[0097] According to an embodiment of the present application, since the isolated step-down conversion module does not need to directly output electrical energy to the load bus, it is easier to determine the on-duty cycle and on-frequency of the second power switch based on the input voltage and intermediate voltage of the power bus.

[0098] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a peak power supply module according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0099] like Figure 6 As shown, the peak power supply module includes a third power converter 610. The third power converter 610 includes a third input-side conversion submodule 611 and a third output-side power flow submodule 612. The input end of the third input-side conversion submodule 611 is electrically connected to the energy storage bus, and the output end of the third output-side power flow submodule 612 is electrically connected to the load bus.

[0100] The third power converter 610 is configured to obtain input electrical energy from the energy storage module through the energy storage bus, convert the input electrical energy into peak power electrical energy using the third input side conversion submodule 611 and the third output side power flow submodule 612, and output the output electrical energy to the load through the load bus.

[0101] According to an embodiment of the present application, the peak power supply module can have a single-stage conversion structure, that is, the electrical energy in the energy storage bus can be converted into the electrical energy required by the load through the third power converter 610. The single-stage conversion structure has a small number of conversions, stable power, small fluctuations in design parameters, high efficiency, and high power density.

[0102] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second control module can also be configured to determine a second target control mode from the third control mode and the fourth control mode based on the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode and the energy consumption of the load in the fourth control mode, so as to control the peak power supply module to output peak power electrical energy to the load according to the second target control mode.

[0103] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second control module can calculate the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode and the energy consumption in the fourth control mode. For example, the second control module can be connected to the load bus and obtain the current and voltage of the load bus from the load bus to calculate the energy consumption in the third control mode and the energy consumption in the fourth control mode. The second control module can compare the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode and the energy consumption in the fourth control mode, and determine the second target control mode from the third control mode and the fourth control mode based on the comparison results.

[0104] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second target control mode of the peak power supply module is determined according to the energy consumption of the load under different control modes, which can further reduce the energy consumption of the load.

[0105] According to an embodiment of the present application, the peak power supply module may include a third power switch. In a third control mode, the second control module controls the peak power output by the peak power supply module by adjusting the on-duty cycle of the third power switch. In a fourth control mode, the second control module controls the peak power output by the peak power supply module by adjusting the on-frequency of the third power switch. The second control module may be configured to determine the mode with lower load energy consumption between the third and fourth control modes as the second target control mode.

[0106] According to an embodiment of the present application, the third control mode may be a PWM mode that is the same as the first control mode, and the fourth control mode may be a PFM mode that is the same as the second control mode.

[0107] According to an embodiment of the present application, the loss of the load in different control modes can be calculated by the second control module. For example, the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode and the energy consumption of the load in the fourth control mode are calculated respectively. The energy consumption of the load in the third control mode can be the same as the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode, which is PlossPWM. The energy consumption of the load in the fourth control mode can be the same as the energy consumption of the load in the second control mode, which is PlossPFM, and the switching point can be KS=PlossPFM / PlossPWM. When KS is greater than 1, that is, the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode is less than that in the fourth control mode, the third control mode can be determined as the second target control mode. When KS is less than or equal to 1, that is, the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode is less than or equal to the energy consumption in the fourth control mode, the fourth control mode can be determined as the second target control mode.

[0108] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second target control mode of the rated power supply module is determined according to the energy consumption of the load in different control modes, so that the energy consumption of the load can be reduced.

[0109] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second control module can also be configured to control the third power switch to be turned on when the voltage across the third power switch is a preset voltage value, and to control the third power switch to be turned off when the current flowing through the third power switch is a preset current value.

[0110] According to an embodiment of the present application, the third power switch can be controlled to be turned on when the voltage across the third power switch is a preset voltage value, i.e., zero voltage switching. The preset voltage value can be, for example, 0 or close to 0. The third power switch can be controlled to be turned off when the current flowing through the third power switch is a preset current value, i.e., zero current switching. The preset current value can be, for example, 0 or close to 0.

[0111] According to an embodiment of the present application, by controlling the on and off timings of the third power switch, the switching loss of the third power switch in the peak power supply module can be reduced.

[0112] According to an embodiment of the present application, the switching frequency of the third power switch may be determined by a result of mutual resonance between a resonant inductor and a resonant capacitor in the third power converter 610 .

[0113] like Figure 6 As shown, the second control module can drive the third power switch in the peak power supply module through the second switch driving circuit 520. The second switch driving circuit 520 can be connected to the third input side conversion submodule 611 and the third output side power flow submodule 612.

[0114] According to an embodiment of the present application, the control of the peak power supply module can be closed-loop control, that is, the load operating condition is obtained from the load bus through the second control module, and the conduction duty cycle or conduction frequency of the third power switch is adjusted through the second switch drive circuit 520 according to the load operating condition.

[0115] According to an embodiment of the present application, the conduction frequency and conduction duty cycle of the third power switch satisfy Vout3=Vin3⋅D3⋅N3 / f3. Wherein, Vout3 represents the output voltage of the peak power supply module, Vin3 represents the input voltage from the power bus to the third input side conversion submodule 611, D3 represents the conduction duty cycle of the third power switch, f3 represents the conduction frequency of the third power switch, and N3 represents the turns ratio of the third power converter 610. Figure 6 In the third control mode, although the energy storage module can smoothly isolate the voltage output by the step-down converter module, the voltage on the energy storage bus will still fluctuate, resulting in fluctuations in the power input from the energy storage bus to the peak power supply module. Therefore, to achieve precise control of the output voltage Vout3 of the peak power supply module, the on-duty cycle D3 of the third power switch can be adjusted in real time based on the input voltage Vin3 from the power bus to the third input-side conversion submodule 611, while maintaining the on-frequency f3 of the third power switch and the turns ratio N3 of the third power converter 610.

[0116] According to an embodiment of the present application, in the fourth control mode, in order to achieve precise control of the output voltage Vout3 of the peak power supply module, when the on-duty cycle D3 of the third power switch and the turns ratio of the third power converter 610 remain unchanged, the on-frequency f3 of the third power switch can be adjusted in real time according to the size of the input voltage Vin3 from the power bus to the third input side conversion sub-module 611.

[0117] According to an embodiment of the present application, in the fourth control mode, the magnitude of the conduction frequency f3 of the third power switch can be adjusted by OK. Among them, Indicates the load current, Indicates the minimum current of the load, represents the fundamental switching frequency of the third power switch.

[0118] According to an embodiment of the present application, there may be multiple third power switches. Figure 6The second switch driving circuit 520 shown in FIG. 1 is primarily used to further enhance the driving capability of the third power switch in the PWM mode issued during closed-loop control, ensuring that the control signal sent to the third power switch has sufficient driving capability. It also adjusts the turn-on intervals between different third power switches, reserving a certain amount of time for resonant soft switching of each third power switch, and preventing common switching between the third power switches. The turn-on intervals between the third power switches can be calculated by referring to the calculation of the turn-on intervals between the first power switches, and will not be further described here.

[0119] According to the embodiments of the present application, for details not described in the third and fourth control modes, reference can be made to the descriptions of the first and second control modes in the embodiments of the present application, respectively, and will not be repeated here. The peak power supply module can be controlled in a similar manner to the rated power supply module. Therefore, for details not described in the control of the peak power supply module, reference can be made to the description of the control of the rated power supply module in the embodiments of the present application, and will not be repeated here.

[0120] Back to Figure 4 The peak power supply unit may further include a second switch K2 and a second diode D2, wherein the second switch K2 and the second diode D2 are connected in parallel, with one end of the second switch K2 connected to the peak power supply module 430 and the other end connected to the load bus. The second diode D2 has one end connected to the peak power supply module 430 and the other end connected to the load bus. When the second switch K2 is closed, the second diode D2 is short-circuited, and the power output by the peak power supply module 430 is output along the path where the second switch K2 is located. When the second switch K2 is open, the power output by the peak power supply module 430 is output along the path where the second diode D2 is located.

[0121] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second power flow control module 440 is configured to determine that the peak power supply module 430 outputs electrical energy to the load via the second switch K2 when the peak power is greater than the actual power of the load; and to determine that the peak power supply module 430 outputs electrical energy to the load via the second diode D2 when the peak power is less than or equal to the actual power of the load, wherein the second switch K2 and the second diode D2 are connected in parallel.

[0122] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second switch K2 may be a high-power MOSFET. When the peak power is greater than the actual power of the load, the second switch K2 may be closed, that is, electrical energy may be output to the load via the second switch K2.

[0123] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second switch K2 and the second diode D2 are arranged in parallel to form two different paths. The path in which the second switch K2 is located is suitable for load conditions where the actual load power is less than or equal to the rated load power, that is, the power required by the load bus is less than or equal to the peak power output by the peak power supply module 430. Therefore, the peak power can be fully output to the load bus, and there is no need to worry about energy being transmitted back from the load bus to the peak power supply module 430. The path in which the second diode D2 is located is suitable for load conditions where the actual load power is greater than the rated load power, that is, the power required by the load bus is greater than the peak power output by the peak power supply module 430. The second diode D2 has the characteristics of forward conduction and reverse blocking. Therefore, the second diode D2 can prevent the electrical energy in the load bus from being transmitted back to the peak power supply module 430.

[0124] According to the embodiments of the present application, the design of the first switch and the first diode of the rated power supply unit and the design of the second switch and the second diode of the peak power supply unit can not only prevent the electric energy in the load bus from being fed back into the power supply circuit, but also prevent the electric energy from being backflowed between the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit, thereby ensuring that the power supply circuit can operate stably and reliably under multiple working conditions, further improving the stability of the power supply circuit.

[0125] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the peak power is less than or equal to the actual power of the load, the second switch K2 can be disconnected, and electric energy can be output to the load via the second diode D2, so that the peak power supply module 430 can only output electric energy to the load through the second diode D2, thereby avoiding the abnormality of the power supply circuit caused by the electric energy in the load bus being fed back to the peak power supply module 430 through the second switch K2, thereby improving the stability of the power supply circuit.

[0126] According to an embodiment of the present application, the energy storage module may be configured to output electrical energy to the load when the power bus is disconnected from the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit.

[0127] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the power bus is connected to the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit, the power bus can ensure the normal operation of the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit, and the energy storage module can store a portion of the electric energy obtained through the intermediate bus 450. When the power bus is disconnected from the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit, the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit cannot obtain electric energy from the power bus in a timely manner.

[0128] According to the embodiments of the present application, electric energy can be output to the load through the electric energy stored in the energy storage module, ensuring that the power supply is on the power bus, and no rated power supply unit is required to meet the power-off retention function, and the circuit structure is simple.

[0129] Figure 7FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0130] like Figure 7 As shown, the power supply circuit includes a power bus 110, a load bus 120, a rated power supply unit 130, and a peak power supply unit 140. The rated power supply unit 130 includes a rated power supply module 210, a first power flow control module 220, a first control module 230, a first switch K1, and a first diode D1. The peak power supply unit 140 includes an isolated step-down conversion module 410, an energy storage module 420, a peak power supply module 430, a second power flow control module 440, a second control module 470, a second switch K2, and a second diode D2.

[0131] According to an embodiment of the present application, the input end of the rated power supply module 210 is connected to the power bus 110 and draws electrical energy from the power bus 110. The output end of the rated power supply module 210 is connected to the load bus 120 via a first switch K1 and a first diode D1, and outputs rated output power to the load bus 120. The first power flow control module 220 can be connected to the output end of the rated power supply module 210 and the load bus 120. The first power flow control module 220 can determine the transmission path for the rated output power from the rated power supply module 210 to the load based on the rated output power and the actual power of the load. The first control module 230 can be connected to the input end of the rated power supply module 210 and the load bus 120. The first control module 230 can calculate the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode and the energy consumption in the second control mode, compare the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode and the energy consumption in the second control mode, and determine a first target control mode from the first control mode and the second control mode based on the comparison results.

[0132] According to an embodiment of the present application, the input of the isolated step-down conversion module 410 is connected to the power bus 110, and the output of the isolated step-down conversion module 410 is connected to the intermediate bus 450. The input of the energy storage module 420 is connected to the intermediate bus 450, and the output of the energy storage module 420 is connected to the energy storage bus 460. The input of the peak power supply module 430 is connected to the energy storage bus 460, and the output of the peak power supply module 430 is connected to the load bus 120 via a second switch K2 and a second diode D2. The second power flow control module 440 can be connected to the output of the peak power supply module 430 and the load bus 120. The second power flow control module 440 can determine the transmission path for the peak power output from the peak power supply module 430 to the load based on the peak power and the actual load power. The second control module 470 can be connected to the input and output of the isolated step-down conversion module 410 and the load bus 120. The second control module 470 can calculate the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode and the energy consumption in the fourth control mode, and compare the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode and the energy consumption in the fourth control mode, and determine the second target control mode from the third control mode and the fourth control mode according to the comparison results.

[0133] Figure 7 The description of each part can refer to other embodiments in this application and will not be repeated here.

[0134] According to an embodiment of the present application, the peak power supply unit outputs electrical energy to the load that exceeds the rated power of the load, while the rated power supply unit outputs electrical energy to the load at the rated power of the load. Therefore, the output voltage of the rated power supply unit can be maintained within a narrow range. In addition, the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit can each independently obtain electrical energy from the power bus and independently provide electrical energy to the load, independently and unaffected by each other, thereby increasing the stability of the power supply circuit. In addition, the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit use the same power bus to obtain electrical energy and output electrical energy through the same load bus, resulting in a simple structure.

[0135] Figure 8 A block diagram of a server according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0136] like Figure 8 As shown, the server 800 includes the power supply circuit 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0137] According to the embodiment of the present application, the power supply circuit 100 can refer to the description of other embodiments of the present application and will not be repeated here.

[0138] According to the embodiment of the present application, the peak power supply unit in the power supply circuit 100 outputs power to the load in excess of the load's rated power, while the rated power supply unit outputs power at the load's rated power. Therefore, the output voltage of the rated power supply unit can be maintained within a relatively narrow range. Furthermore, both the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit can independently draw power from the power bus and independently provide power to the load, independently of each other and unaffected by each other, thereby increasing the stability of the power supply circuit. Therefore, the server 800 can provide power to the load through the power supply circuit 100 of the embodiment of the present application, thereby achieving stable power supply to the load under various operating conditions. Furthermore, the power supply circuit 100 of the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure. Both the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit draw power from the power bus and are independently configured, further increasing the stability of the power supply provided by the server to the load. The composite power supply structure of the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit has low design requirements and difficulty, and eliminates the need for redundant parallel connection of multiple power supply units, thus saving server volume. Furthermore, the utilization rate of each component of the power supply circuit 100 is high.

[0139] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible implementation architecture, functions and operations of the systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, program segment, or a part of code, and the above-mentioned module, program segment, or a part of code contains one or more executable instructions for realizing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in an order different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two boxes represented in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram or flowchart, and the combination of the boxes in the block diagram or flowchart, can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described in the various embodiments of this application may be combined and / or coupled in various ways, even if such combinations or couplings are not explicitly described in this application. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of this application may be combined and / or coupled in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this application. All such combinations and / or couplings fall within the scope of this application.

[0141] The embodiments of the present application have been described above. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Although each embodiment has been described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be advantageously used in combination. Without departing from the scope of the present application, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, and these substitutions and modifications should all fall within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit, characterized in that: The circuit comprises: a power bus configured to provide power to the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit; a load bus configured to provide electrical energy to a load; The rated power supply unit, wherein the input end of the rated power supply unit is electrically connected to the power bus, the output end of the rated power supply unit is electrically connected to the load bus, and is configured to obtain electric energy through the power bus and output electric energy less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load through the load bus; The peak power supply unit has an input end electrically connected to the power bus, an output end electrically connected to the load bus, and is configured to obtain electric energy through the power bus, and output peak power electric energy to the load through the load bus when the actual power of the load is greater than the rated power of the load, so that the load can operate according to the actual power of the load; The peak power supply unit includes: an isolated step-down conversion module, configured to convert the voltage obtained through the power bus into an intermediate voltage; an energy storage module, electrically connected to the isolated step-down conversion module via an intermediate bus, and configured to store electrical energy at the intermediate voltage; a peak power supply module, electrically connected to the energy storage module via an energy storage bus, configured to obtain electric energy from the energy storage module and output peak power electric energy to the load via the load bus when the actual power of the load is greater than the rated power of the load; The second power flow control module is configured to determine a transmission path for the peak power supply module to output electric energy to the load according to the peak power output by the peak power supply module and the real-time power of the load.

2. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The rated power supply unit includes: a rated power supply module configured to obtain electrical energy through the power bus and output a rated output power less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load through the load bus; The first power flow control module is configured to determine a transmission path for the rated power supply module to output the rated output power to the load according to the rated output power and the actual power of the load.

3. The circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that The rated power supply unit further includes: The first control module is configured to determine a first target control mode from the first control mode and the second control mode based on the energy consumption of the load in the first control mode and the energy consumption in the second control mode, so as to control the rated power supply module to output a rated output power less than or equal to the rated power of the load to the load according to the first target control mode.

4. The circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that The first control module is configured as follows: The mode in which the energy consumption of the load is smaller between the first control mode and the second control mode is determined as the first target control mode.

5. The circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that The rated power supply module includes a first power switch. In the first control mode, the first control module controls the rated output power by adjusting the conduction duty cycle of the first power switch. In the second control mode, the first control module controls the rated output power by adjusting the conduction frequency of the first power switch.

6. The circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that The rated power supply module includes: a first power converter, comprising a first input-side conversion submodule and a first output-side power flow submodule, wherein the input end of the first input-side conversion submodule is electrically connected to the power bus, and the output end of the first output-side power flow submodule is electrically connected to the load bus; The first power converter is configured to obtain input electrical energy through the power bus, convert the input electrical energy into output electrical energy less than or equal to the rated power of the load using the first input-side conversion submodule and the first output-side power flow submodule, and output the output electrical energy to the load through the load bus.

7. The circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that The first control module is further configured to control the first power switch to be turned on when the voltage across the first power switch is a preset voltage value, and to control the first power switch to be turned off when the current flowing through the first power switch is a preset current value.

8. The circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that The first power flow control module is configured as follows: When the rated output power is greater than the actual power of the load, determining that the rated power supply module outputs electrical energy to the load via the first switch; When the rated output power is less than or equal to the actual power of the load, it is determined that the rated power supply module outputs electrical energy to the load via a first diode, wherein the first switch and the first diode are connected in parallel.

9. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The peak power supply unit is further configured to output electric energy to the load when the power bus is disconnected from the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit.

10. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The isolated buck conversion module includes: a second power converter, comprising a second input-side conversion submodule and a second output-side power flow submodule, wherein the input end of the second input-side conversion submodule is electrically connected to the power bus, and the output end of the second output-side power flow submodule is electrically connected to the intermediate bus; The second power converter is configured to obtain electric energy through the power bus, and convert the obtained electric energy into the intermediate voltage through the second input-side conversion submodule and the second output-side power flow submodule.

11. The circuit according to claim 10, characterized in that The isolated buck conversion module includes a second power switch, and the peak power supply unit also includes a second control module; The second control module is configured to determine a conduction duty cycle and a conduction frequency of the second power switch according to the input voltage of the power bus and the intermediate voltage.

12. The circuit according to claim 11, characterized in that The second control module is further configured to: According to the energy consumption of the load in the third control mode and the energy consumption of the load in the fourth control mode, a second target control mode is determined from the third control mode and the fourth control mode to control the peak power supply module to output the peak power electrical energy to the load according to the second target control mode.

13. The circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that The second control module is configured as follows: The mode in which the energy consumption of the load is smaller between the third control mode and the fourth control mode is determined as the second target control mode.

14. The circuit according to claim 12, wherein: The peak power supply module includes a third power switch. In the third control mode, the second control module controls the peak power output by the peak power supply module by adjusting the conduction duty cycle of the third power switch. In the fourth control mode, the second control module controls the peak power output by the peak power supply module by adjusting the conduction frequency of the third power switch.

15. The circuit according to claim 14, characterized in that The second control module is configured to control the third power switch to be turned on when the voltage across the third power switch is a preset voltage value, and to control the third power switch to be turned off when the current flowing through the third power switch is a preset current value.

16. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The second power flow control module is configured as follows: When the peak power is greater than the actual power of the load, determining that the peak power supply module outputs electric energy to the load via the second switch; When the peak power is less than or equal to the actual power of the load, it is determined that the peak power supply module outputs electric energy to the load via a second diode, wherein the second switch and the second diode are connected in parallel.

17. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The energy storage module is configured to output electric energy to the load when the power bus is disconnected from the rated power supply unit and the peak power supply unit.

18. The circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: The power bus includes a DC power bus.

19. A server, characterized in that: The server includes: The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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