Shaftless roller potato harvester

Abstract

The invention discloses a shaftless roller potato harvester, and relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, the shaftless roller potato harvester comprises a fixed support, a separation roller, a soil cutting blade, a separation blade and a driving assembly; the fixed bracket moves forwards under the action of external driving; a drum body of the separation drum is of a filter screen structure; the separation roller is rotatably connected to the fixed support around a first axis, the first axis gradually rises from front to back, and a front end opening of the separation roller is lower than a rear end opening of the separation roller; the soil cutting blade is arranged around a front end opening of the separation roller; the separation blades are spirally arranged on the inner roller wall of the separation roller; the driving assembly is connected with the separating roller and used for driving the separating roller to rotate around the first axis. According to the scheme, an existing mode of separating by driving the central transmission shaft in the roller to rotate is changed into a mode of separating by directly driving the roller to rotate, so that a larger cutting angle can be obtained, the problems of winding and blocking are avoided, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly to a shaftless drum potato harvester. Background Art

[0002] At present, large-scale potato harvesting in developed countries and the northeastern region of China mostly uses high-power self-propelled combine harvesters, which can complete operations such as vine cutting, digging, soil-potato separation, size grading, bagging, and transportation at one time. Although it has powerful power, its power consumption is high and it is not suitable for small and medium-sized plots with many mountains, large slopes, and small planting areas in China.

[0003] The potato harvesting equipment currently used in mountainous and hilly areas of China generally uses a digging shovel to cut the soil at a certain angle, shovel out the soil and potatoes and transport them to a swinging separation screen, and achieve the separation effect of potatoes and soil under the action of vibration, friction, etc. Because of the small power, the digging depth of the digging shovel is limited, which is extremely easy to cause mechanical damage to potatoes, reducing the economic value of potatoes. Moreover, the potatoes separated by the swinging separation screen are discharged from the harvester and randomly scattered on the ground surface, and need to be picked up manually, which is not conducive to the subsequent mechanization of potato collection.

[0004] The drum-type potato harvester is a machine that separates potatoes from the soil by using the principle of shaking or impact and conveys them to the ground surface through a spiral filter screen. It is mainly designed for harvesting tuber crops such as potatoes in the soil of hilly areas. The drum-type potato harvester is driven by a central drive shaft in the drum to drive the entire digging and separating device to rotate, so as to complete the separation operation of potatoes by using the rotating digging and separating device. In order to realize the transmission connection between the central drive shaft and the power source, the two ends of the central drive shaft need to extend outwards from both ends of the drum respectively, so as to use the extended part to connect the power source and the support structure; this extended part of the central drive shaft will occupy the height space, resulting in limited angle between the drum and the ground, thus resulting in low operation efficiency due to insufficient cutting angle; and in the case of operating in viscous soil, due to the low linear speed of the central drive shaft, the viscous soil and stems and leaves are easily adhered to or wound around the central drive shaft, thus affecting the normal output of power, resulting in an increase in cutting and separation resistance, a decrease in operation efficiency, and easy clogging. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main object of the present invention is to propose a shaftless drum potato harvester, aiming to change the existing form of separating operation by driving the rotation of the central drive shaft in the drum to the form of directly driving the drum to rotate for separating operation, so as to avoid the defects of limited cutting angle, easy adhesion or winding of foreign objects on the central drive shaft resulting in an increase in cutting and separation resistance, easy clogging, and low operation efficiency existing in the central drive shaft drive form.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the shaftless drum potato harvester proposed by the present invention includes:

[0007] A fixed bracket, which is used to move forward under the action of an external drive;

[0008] A separation drum, the cylinder body of the separation drum is set as a filter screen structure; the separation drum is rotatably connected to the fixed bracket around a first axis, the first axis gradually rises from front to back, and the front end opening of the separation drum is lower than the rear end opening of the separation drum;

[0009] A soil cutting blade, which is arranged around the front end opening of the separation drum;

[0010] Separation blades, which are arranged in a spiral shape on the inner cylinder wall of the separation drum;

[0011] A drive assembly, which is connected to the separation drum, and the drive assembly is used to drive the separation drum to rotate around the first axis.

[0012] In one embodiment, the shaftless drum potato harvester further includes traveling wheels. The fixed bracket includes a connecting frame body and a mounting frame body. The front end of the connecting frame body is used to connect an external drive device. The rear end of the connecting frame body is connected to the front end of the mounting frame body. The middle part of the mounting frame body is recessed downward to form an accommodating space. The separation drum is placed in the accommodating space, and the traveling wheels are arranged at the rear end of the mounting frame body.

[0013] In one embodiment, the traveling wheels are adjustably connected to the rear end of the mounting frame body in the height direction; when the height difference between the traveling wheels and the rear end of the mounting frame body increases, the inclination angle of the first axis relative to the horizontal plane increases accordingly.

[0014] In one embodiment, the shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a roller assembly, the roller assembly is rotatably connected to the mounting frame body, and the separation drum is mounted on the roller assembly.

[0015] In one embodiment, the roller assembly includes a first roller, the first roller is rotatably connected to the mounting frame body around a second axis, and the second axis is parallel to the first axis; a front contact ring is sleeved on the front end of the separation drum along the circumferential direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the front contact ring abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the first roller under the action of gravity.

[0016] In one embodiment, the roller assembly includes a second roller rotatably connected to the mounting frame about a third axis parallel to the first axis; a rear contact ring is sleeved around the rear end of the separating drum in the circumferential direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the rear contact ring abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the second roller under the action of gravity.

[0017] In one embodiment, the rear contact ring has a first ring segment and a second ring segment arranged in sequence from front to back, and the outer diameter of the second ring segment is larger than that of the first ring segment;

[0018] The outer peripheral surface of the first ring segment abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the second roller under the action of gravity, and the end face of the second ring segment facing the first ring segment abuts against the end face of the second roller under the action of gravity;

[0019] And / or, the roller assembly further includes a third roller rotatably connected to the mounting frame about a fourth axis perpendicular to the first axis; the outer peripheral surface of the third roller is used to abut against the end face of the second ring segment facing away from the first ring segment.

[0020] In one embodiment, the driving assembly includes a transmission gear for connecting a rotary driving device; a gear ring is sleeved around the separating drum in the circumferential direction, and the gear ring meshes with the transmission gear for transmission.

[0021] In one embodiment, the driving assembly further includes a universal coupling, the power input end of the universal coupling is used to connect the rotary driving device, and the power output end of the universal coupling is connected to the transmission gear.

[0022] In one embodiment, the soil cutting blade includes a first annular blade and a second annular blade, the first annular blade surrounds the second annular blade; the first annular blade has a first serrated portion arranged in a circumferential direction, and the second annular blade has a second serrated portion arranged in a circumferential direction, and the second serrated portion is located behind the first serrated portion.

[0023] In one embodiment, the shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a cutter bar, an auxiliary blade and a scraper; the first end of the cutter bar is connected to the fixed bracket, and the second end of the cutter bar extends from the rear end opening of the separating drum into the inner cavity of the separating drum; the auxiliary blade is connected to the second end of the cutter bar, and the auxiliary blade is arranged on the side of the cutter bar facing the first axis; the scraper is connected to the second end of the cutter bar, and the scraper is arranged on the side of the cutter bar facing away from the first axis, and the scraper is used for sliding relative to the inner barrel wall of the separating drum.

[0024] In one embodiment, the shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a sliding sleeve and an elastic member; a receiving groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter bar, a relief through hole extending radially is formed in the sliding sleeve, the sliding sleeve is slidably fitted to the second end of the cutter bar along a first path, the first path is parallel to the first axis, the auxiliary blade is connected to the sliding sleeve, and the scraping blade is hinged to the sliding sleeve; one end of the elastic member is connected to the cutter bar, and the other end of the elastic member is connected to the sliding sleeve;

[0025] When the sliding sleeve moves backward along the first path until the relief through hole is opposite to the receiving groove, the scraping blade is configured to rotate forward relative to the sliding sleeve and enter the receiving groove through the relief through hole; the elastic member is configured to push the sliding sleeve forward along the first path under the elastic force to drive the scraping blade to rotate backward relative to the sliding sleeve and disengage from the receiving groove.

[0026] The shaftless drum potato harvester proposed by the present invention cancels the central drive shaft structure inside the traditional drum, and changes the form of separating operation by driving the rotation of the central drive shaft to the form of directly driving the rotation of the separating drum for separating operation. It can avoid the problem that the height space is occupied due to the existence of the central drive shaft structure, resulting in limited angle between the separating drum and the ground, and a larger cutting angle can be obtained, so that a higher operation efficiency can be maintained under different soil conditions; and it can avoid the problem that sticky soil, foreign matters such as stems and leaves adhere to or wind around the central drive shaft structure, affecting the normal output of power, and further causing an increase in cutting and separating resistance and blockage; in addition, since the direct impact on the potatoes caused by the rotation of the central drive shaft structure is eliminated, and more rely on jitter and indirect collision to realize the separation of soil and potatoes, the damage degree of the finally separated potatoes can be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative efforts.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a first perspective three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a second perspective three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the excavation principle of an embodiment of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the fixed support part in an embodiment of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic overall sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the first cooperation state of the separation blade and the scraper in an embodiment of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the second cooperation state of the separation blade and the scraper in an embodiment of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the third cooperation state of the separation blade and the scraper in an embodiment of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0037] 1. Fixed support; 101. Connecting frame body; 102. Mounting frame body; 1021. Accommodation space;

[0038] 2. Separation drum; 201. Front contact ring; 202. Rear contact ring; 203. Gear ring; 2021. First ring section; 2022. Second ring section;

[0039] 3. Soil cutting blade; 301. First ring-shaped blade; 302. Second ring-shaped blade; 3011. First serrated part; 3021. Second serrated part;

[0040] 4. Separation blade;

[0041] 5. Driving assembly; 501. Transmission gear; 502. Cardan coupling;

[0042] 6. Traveling wheel;

[0043] 7. Roller assembly; 701. First roller; 702. Second roller; 703. Third roller;

[0044] 8. Knife rod; 801. Accommodation groove;

[0045] 9. Auxiliary blade; 10. Scraper;

[0046] 11. Slide sleeve; 1101. Avoidance through hole;

[0047] 12. Elastic member.

[0048] The realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) involved in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0051] In addition, if there are descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. involved in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears throughout the text, its meaning includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions conflicts with each other or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.

[0052] At present, large - area potato harvesting in developed countries and the northeastern region of China mostly uses high - power self - propelled combine harvesters, which can complete operations such as vine cutting, digging, soil - potato separation, size grading, bagging, and transportation at one time. Although it has powerful power, its power consumption is high and it is not suitable for small and medium - sized plots with many mountains, large slopes, and small planting areas in China.

[0053] The potato harvesting equipment currently used in mountainous and hilly areas in China generally uses a digging shovel to cut the soil at a certain angle, shovel out the soil and potatoes, and transport them to a swinging separation screen. Under the action of vibration, friction, etc., the separation effect of potatoes and soil is achieved. Because of the small power, the digging depth of the digging shovel is limited, which is extremely easy to cause mechanical damage to potatoes, reduce the economic value of potatoes, and the potatoes separated by the swinging separation screen are discharged from the harvester and randomly scattered on the ground surface, requiring manual picking and collection, which is not conducive to the subsequent mechanization of potato collection.

[0054] The drum-type potato harvester is a machine that separates potatoes from the soil by using the principle of jitter or impact and transmits them to the ground surface through a spiral filter screen. It is mainly designed for harvesting tuber crops such as potatoes in the soil of hilly areas. The drum-type potato harvester is driven by a central drive shaft in the drum to drive the entire digging and separating device to rotate, so as to complete the separation operation of potatoes by using the rotating digging and separating device. In order to realize the transmission connection between the central drive shaft and the power source, the two ends of the central drive shaft need to extend outwards from the two ends of the drum respectively, so as to use this extended part to connect the power source and the support structure; this extended part of the central drive shaft will occupy the height space, resulting in a limited angle between the drum and the ground, thus resulting in a low operation efficiency due to insufficient cutting angle; and in the case of operating in sticky soil, due to the low linear velocity of the central drive shaft, the sticky soil and stems and leaves are easily adhered or wound on the central drive shaft, thus affecting the normal output of power, resulting in an increase in cutting and separation resistance, resulting in a decrease in operation efficiency, and it is easy to cause blockage.

[0055] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a shaftless drum potato harvester, aiming to change the existing form of separating operation by driving the rotation of the central drive shaft in the drum to the form of directly driving the drum to rotate for separating operation, so as to avoid the defects of limited cutting angle, easy adhesion or winding of foreign objects on the central drive shaft resulting in an increase in cutting and separation resistance, easy blockage, and low operation efficiency existing in the central drive shaft drive form.

[0056] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the shaftless drum potato harvester provided by the present invention includes:

[0057] A fixed bracket 1, and the fixed bracket 1 is used to move forward under the action of an external drive;

[0058] A separation drum 2, and the barrel of the separation drum 2 is set as a filter screen structure; the separation drum 2 is rotatably connected to the fixed bracket 1 around a first axis, the first axis gradually rises from front to back, and the front end opening of the separation drum 2 is lower than the rear end opening of the separation drum 2;

[0059] A soil cutting blade 3, and the soil cutting blade 3 is arranged around the front end opening of the separation drum 2;

[0060] The separating blade 4 is spirally arranged on the inner cylinder wall of the separating drum 2.

[0061] The driving assembly 5 is connected to the separating drum 2 and is used to drive the separating drum 2 to rotate around the first axis.

[0062] In this embodiment, the fixed bracket 1 serves as the support foundation of the shaftless drum potato harvester. It is usually a frame structure made of high-strength steel to ensure sufficient load-bearing capacity and stability in a complex field environment. The fixed bracket 1 can be connected to an external driving device such as a tractor to move forward under the drive of the external driving device; it can also be driven forward manually.

[0063] The barrel of the separating drum 2 is set as a filter screen structure. The aperture size of its mesh holes should be designed according to the size of the potatoes and the characteristics of soil particles to ensure that the filter screen structure allows the separated fine soil clods and debris to pass through, and can effectively prevent the separated potatoes from leaking out. The separating drum 2 is rotatably connected to the fixed bracket 1 around the first axis, and the first axis gradually rises from front to back, so that the separating drum 2 forms an inclined structure with a lower front end and a higher rear end; based on this inclined structure, during the forward movement of the separating drum 2, since the soil cutting blade 3 is arranged at the front opening with a lower position on the separating drum 2, it is more convenient for the soil cutting blade 3 to smoothly cut into the ridge as the separating drum 2 moves forward, so as to shovel up the soil in the ridge and send it into the inner cavity of the separating drum 2; as the separating drum 2 continues to rotate, the soil continuously piles up and gradually moves upward in the inner cavity of the separating drum 2 (i.e., moves toward the rear opening of the separating drum 2), and finally the potatoes separated from the soil can be discharged outwards through the rear opening of the separating drum 2, while the soil will be broken into fine soil clods and debris after the separation operation, and this part of the fine soil clods and debris will be gradually filtered outwards through the filter screen structure of the separating drum 2.

[0064] The soil cutting blade 3 can be circumferentially arranged around the edge of the front opening of the separating drum 2, and its blade shape can be set as Figure 1 the serrated shape shown or other shapes. The soil cutting blade 3 can cut into the ridge with the forward movement of the separating drum 2 and the rotation movement of the separating drum 2 to break the soil structure, loosen the soil, so as to dig out the soil clods containing potatoes and send them into the inner cavity of the separating drum 2 for separation operation.

[0065] The separating blades 4 are spirally arranged on the inner cylindrical wall of the separating drum 2, and the pitch and helix angle of the spiral blades are precisely calculated. When the separating drum 2 rotates, the rotating spiral blades can push the soil in the inner cavity of the separating drum 2 towards the rear opening based on their spiral pushing effect. During this process, the soil and potatoes will gradually complete the separation under the shaking and collision movements. The broken soil will fall outwards through the mesh holes of the filter structure, while the separated potatoes will gradually move backward under the spiral pushing effect of the separating blades 4 and finally be discharged outwards through the rear opening.

[0066] The driving assembly 5 may include a driving device and a corresponding transmission mechanism to transmit the power provided by the driving device to the separating drum 2 through the transmission mechanism, thereby driving the separating drum 2 to rotate around the first axis. Among them, the driving device can adopt forms such as fuel driving, electric driving, and hydraulic driving, which are not limited here. And in the case where the fixed bracket 1 is connected to an external driving device to drive the separating drum 2 to move forward, if there is a corresponding power source on the external driving device, the driving assembly 5 in this embodiment may only include a transmission mechanism. The input end of this transmission mechanism is used to connect to the power source on the external driving device, and the output end is connected to the separating drum 2. In this way, the power provided by the power source can be converted into the rotation action of the separating drum 2 by using this transmission mechanism.

[0067] Based on the above settings, the complete working process of the shaftless drum potato harvester provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0068] First, drive the separating drum 2 to rotate around the first axis relative to the fixed bracket 1 through the driving assembly 5, and then drive the fixed bracket 1 to move forward manually or by an external driving device to drive the separating drum 2 to move forward into the excavation area. As Figure 3 shown, as the separating drum 2 slowly moves forward, the soil cutting blades 3 rotating around the first axis can cut into the ridges in the excavation area and dig out an annular channel below the growth layer of the potatoes, and then shovel up the soil mixed with the potatoes and continuously feed it into the inner cavity of the separating drum 2. With the rotational movement of the separating drum 2 and the spiral guiding effect of the separating blades 4, the soil in the inner cavity of the separating drum 2 will continue to shake and collide with the inner cylindrical wall of the separating drum 2 during the backward conveying process, so that clean potato fruits can be gradually separated from the soil. Finally, the broken soil after the above separation operation will fall outwards through the mesh holes of the filter structure, and the clean potato fruits obtained after separation will fall onto the land behind through the rear opening of the separating drum 2 under the guiding and pushing effect of the separating blades 4. During the above separation process, since there is no blade structure in direct contact with the potatoes in the inner cavity of the separating drum 2, mechanical damage to the potatoes can be avoided, and the separated potatoes can be stably conveyed to the ground surface.

[0069] It can be seen that the shaftless drum potato harvester provided in this embodiment cancels the central drive shaft structure inside the traditional drum, and changes the form of separation operation by driving the rotation of the central drive shaft to the form of directly driving the separation drum 2 to rotate for separation operation. This can avoid the problem that the height space is occupied due to the existence of the central drive shaft structure, resulting in limited angle between the separation drum 2 and the ground, and a larger cutting angle can be obtained, so that a higher operation efficiency can be maintained under different soil conditions. Moreover, it can avoid the problem that sticky soil, foreign matters such as stems and leaves adhere to or wind around the central drive shaft structure, affecting the normal output of power, and further leading to an increase in cutting and separation resistance and blockage. In addition, since the direct impact on potatoes caused by the rotation of the central drive shaft structure is eliminated, and more relies on jitter and indirect collision to separate the soil from the potatoes, the damage degree of the finally separated potatoes can be reduced.

[0070] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the shaftless drum potato harvester further includes traveling wheels 6. The fixed bracket 1 includes a connecting frame body 101 and an installation frame body 102. The front end of the connecting frame body 101 is used to connect an external driving device. The rear end of the connecting frame body 101 is connected to the front end of the installation frame body 102. The middle part of the installation frame body 102 is recessed downward to form a receiving space 1021. The separation drum 2 is placed in the receiving space 1021. The traveling wheels 6 are arranged at the rear end of the installation frame body 102.

[0071] Specifically, the connecting frame body 101 and the installation frame body 102 can be connected by multiple steel pipes. The rear end of the connecting frame body 101 can be fixed to the front end of the installation frame body 102 by welding, bolt connection and other methods. The front end of the connecting frame body 101 is provided with a connecting structure for matching with external driving devices such as tractors, such as hanging lugs, pin shaft connection structures, etc., to ensure that during the driving process of the external driving device, the shaftless drum potato harvester can be stably connected to the external driving device and travel synchronously under its pulling.

[0072] The installation frame body 102 can be set in a structural form with a lower middle part and higher front and rear ends. Exemplarily, the installation frame body 102 can be formed by connecting multiple steel pipes into an inverted triangle structure as shown in Figure 4 . The middle part of this inverted triangle structure is lower than the front and rear ends to form a downwardly recessed receiving space 1021. Based on the above structural form of the installation frame body 102, an installation area can be provided for the separation drum 2, which is convenient for stably placing the separation drum 2 in the downwardly recessed receiving space 1021. Preferably, when the installation frame body 102 is set as shown in Figure 4When the inverted triangular structure formed by connecting multiple steel pipes as shown is considered, steel pipes for enclosing the separation drum 2 can be arranged on the left and right sides of the accommodation space 1021 to better confine the separation drum 2 within the accommodation space 1021.

[0073] The traveling wheels 6 are arranged at the rear end of the mounting frame 102. The diameter and width of the wheel bodies can be selected according to the terrain, soil conditions, etc. of the operation. Specifically, pneumatic tires or solid tires can be used to adapt to soil surfaces with different hardnesses and humidities. The traveling wheels 6 are used to provide support force and reduce the traveling resistance. Driven by an external driving device such as a tractor, the traveling wheels 6 can continuously roll, thereby ensuring that the shaftless drum potato harvester can move forward smoothly.

[0074] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the traveling wheels 6 are adjustably connected to the rear end of the mounting frame 102 in the height direction; when the height difference between the traveling wheels 6 and the rear end of the mounting frame 102 increases, the inclination angle of the first axis relative to the horizontal plane increases accordingly.

[0075] Illustratively, the traveling wheels 6 can include a wheel frame and a wheel body. The wheel body is rotatably connected to the lower end of the wheel frame, and the upper end of the wheel frame is adjustably connected to the mounting frame 102 in the height direction. Specifically, a first steel pipe extending in the height direction can be arranged at the rear end of the mounting frame 102. The wheel frame of the traveling wheels 6 can be set as a second steel pipe extending in the height direction. The second steel pipe can be sleeved on the first steel pipe and slide relative to the first steel pipe in the height direction. Multiple groups of mounting holes can be arranged at intervals in the height direction on the first steel pipe and the second steel pipe. When the traveling wheels 6 are adjusted in place relative to the mounting frame 102 in the height direction, connecting parts such as pins and bolts can be used to connect to the corresponding mounting holes to lock the second steel pipe to the first steel pipe, so that the traveling wheels 6 and the mounting frame 102 maintain the current height position.

[0076] As the height difference between the wheel body of the traveling wheels 6 and the rear end of the mounting frame 102 gradually increases, the rear end of the separation drum 2 also gradually rises, so that the inclination angle of the first axis (i.e., the rotation center axis of the separation drum 2) relative to the ground gradually increases. The above inclination angle adjustment operation can be carried out according to soil conditions (such as the softness of the soil), the distribution of potatoes (such as the planting depth of potatoes), etc.; for example, for soil with higher hardness, appropriately increasing the above inclination angle helps the cutting blades 3 to cut into the soil more smoothly, thereby improving the excavation effect; for the case where the potato planting depth is relatively shallow and the soil is relatively soft, appropriately reducing the above inclination angle helps to increase the traveling speed, thereby improving the excavation efficiency.

[0077] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 、Figure 2 And Figure 4 The shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a roller assembly 7. The roller assembly 7 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 102, and the separating drum 2 is mounted on the roller assembly 7.

[0078] The roller assembly 7 may include multiple groups of rollers distributed on the mounting frame 102. Each group of rollers generally includes a bearing seat, a rolling bearing, and a roller. The bearing seat is mounted on the mounting frame 102, and the roller is rotatably connected to the bearing seat through the rolling bearing. The outer peripheral side of the roller is used to contact the outer peripheral side of the separating drum 2. When the separating drum 2 rotates, the roller rolls accordingly to reduce the rotational resistance of the separating drum 2. Among them, multiple groups of rollers can be arranged at different positions on the outer peripheral side of the separating drum 2 to form a limiting effect on the separating drum 2.

[0079] Based on the above settings, during the actual installation process, only the separating drum 2 needs to be placed on the roller assembly 7 without complex connection operations. The roller assembly 7 can support and limit the separating drum 2, and at the same time can reduce the friction between the separating drum 2 and the mounting frame 102, ensuring that the separating drum 2 can rotate smoothly relative to the mounting frame 102.

[0080] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 , the roller assembly 7 includes a first roller 701. The first roller 701 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 102 around a second axis, and the second axis is parallel to the first axis. A front contact ring 201 is sleeved on the front end of the separating drum 2 in the circumferential direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the front contact ring 201 abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 701 under the action of gravity.

[0081] Specifically, the front contact ring 201 can be made of wear-resistant material. When the separating drum 2 rotates, the front contact ring 201 rotates accordingly, and the first roller 701 will roll in cooperation with the rotating front contact ring 201. Based on the rotational cooperation between the first roller 701 and the front contact ring 201, a supporting and limiting effect can be formed on the front end of the separating drum 2, and at the same time, the friction between the front end of the separating drum 2 and the mounting frame 102 can be reduced, so that the separating drum 2 can rotate smoothly relative to the mounting frame 102.

[0082] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 , the roller assembly 7 includes a second roller 702. The second roller 702 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 102 around a third axis, and the third axis is parallel to the first axis. A rear contact ring 202 is sleeved on the rear end of the separating drum 2 in the circumferential direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the rear contact ring 202 abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the second roller 702 under the action of gravity.

[0083] Specifically, the rear contact ring 202 can be made of wear-resistant material. When the separation drum 2 rotates, the rear contact ring 202 rotates accordingly, and the second roller 702 will roll in cooperation with the rotating rear contact ring 202. Based on the rotational cooperation between the second roller 702 and the rear contact ring 202, support and limit functions can be formed for the rear end of the separation drum 2, and at the same time, the friction between the rear end of the separation drum 2 and the mounting frame 102 can be reduced, enabling the separation drum 2 to rotate smoothly relative to the mounting frame 102.

[0084] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 , the rear contact ring 202 has a first ring segment 2021 and a second ring segment 2022 arranged in sequence from front to back, and the outer diameter of the second ring segment 2022 is greater than that of the first ring segment 2021;

[0085] The outer peripheral surface of the first ring segment 2021 abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the second roller 702 under the action of gravity, and the end face of the second ring segment 2022 facing the first ring segment 2021 abuts against the end face of the second roller 702 under the action of gravity;

[0086] And / or, the roller assembly 7 further includes a third roller 703, and the third roller 703 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 102 about a fourth axis perpendicular to the first axis; the outer peripheral surface of the third roller 703 is used to abut against the end face of the second ring segment 2022 facing away from the first ring segment 2021.

[0087] Specifically, by providing the first ring segment 2021 and the second ring segment 2022, a stepped shaft-like structure can be formed on the outer peripheral side of the rear contact ring 202. Using the rotational cooperation between the outer peripheral surface of the second roller 702 and the outer peripheral surface of the first ring segment 2021, support and limit functions can be formed for the rear end of the separation drum 2, and at the same time, the friction between the rear end of the separation drum 2 and the mounting frame 102 can be reduced; using the rotational cooperation between the end face of the second roller 702 and the end face of the second ring segment 2022 facing the first ring segment 2021, while ensuring that the separation drum 2 can rotate smoothly relative to the mounting frame 102, the rear contact ring 202 can be blocked from moving forward along the first axis by the second roller 702, thereby forming an axial limiting effect on the separation drum 2, improving the rotational stability of the separation drum 2, and preventing the separation drum 2 from slipping forward from the mounting frame 102 along the first axis.

[0088] Furthermore, when the third roller 703 is provided on the mounting frame 102, using the rotational cooperation between the outer peripheral surface of the third roller 703 and the end face of the second ring segment 2022 facing away from the first ring segment 2021, while ensuring that the separation drum 2 can rotate smoothly relative to the mounting frame 102, the rear contact ring 202 can be blocked from moving backward along the first axis by the third roller 703, thereby forming an axial limiting effect on the separation drum 2.

[0089] Through the combined limiting action of the second roller 702 and the third roller 703 on the separation drum 2, the forward and backward movement of the separation drum 2 along the first axis can be restricted, thereby effectively avoiding the axial movement of the separation drum 2 during rotation, ensuring that the drum can rotate stably and accurately, and thus improving the harvesting efficiency and quality of potatoes.

[0090] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the drive assembly 5 includes a transmission gear 501 for connecting to a rotary drive device; a gear ring 203 is sleeved on the separation drum 2 in the circumferential direction, and the gear ring 203 is meshed with the transmission gear 501 for transmission.

[0091] Specifically, the rotary drive device may refer to a power output shaft or other power source on an external drive device such as a tractor.

[0092] The transmission gear 501 and the gear ring 203 are usually made of high-strength alloy steel, and their number of teeth and module should be designed according to the rotational speed and torque requirements of the separation drum 2 to ensure that they can withstand large loads without damage during power transmission. The gear ring 203 can be fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the separation drum 2 by means of key connection, welding, bolt connection, etc., and rotates synchronously with the separation drum 2. The transmission gear 501 is installed on the output shaft of the rotary drive device. When the rotary drive device drives the transmission gear 501 to rotate, the transmission gear 501 will drive the gear ring 203 to rotate, thereby driving the separation drum 2 to rotate around the first axis and obtaining a large torque for the separation drum 2 through a speed reduction effect. The above-mentioned gear transmission method has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, compact structure, stable operation, etc., and can accurately transmit power to the separation drum 2 to ensure that the separation drum 2 can rotate stably at a suitable speed under different working conditions.

[0093] Among them, the transmission gear 501 and its connecting parts with the rotary drive device are all located outside the separation drum 2 to avoid interfering with the potato separation operation in the inner cavity of the separation drum 2.

[0094] Preferably, the gear ring 203 can be fixed in the middle of the separation drum 2 to form a form of central drive, which can improve the running stability of the separation drum 2 under external drive, ensure that the separation drum 2 can fit closely with each group of rollers in the lower roller assembly 7, and also improve the force uniformity of each group of rollers and reduce the fatigue damage degree of a single roller.

[0095] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4, the driving assembly 5 further includes a universal coupling 502. The power input end of the universal coupling 502 is used to connect to the rotary driving device, and the power output end of the universal coupling 502 is connected to the transmission gear 501.

[0096] The universal coupling 502 is mainly composed of components such as a cross shaft, universal joint yokes, and needle roller bearings. Its structural design allows reliable power transmission even when there is a large angular deviation between the two shafts. During the operation of the potato harvester, due to the complex terrain conditions, the driving posture of external driving equipment such as tractors will change, which will make it difficult for the output shaft of the rotary driving device and the axis of the transmission gear 501 to always remain coaxial. The existence of the universal coupling 502 effectively solves this problem. When the external driving equipment travels on uneven ground or needs to turn, the universal coupling 502 can adapt to the change in angle, ensuring that power can be smoothly and continuously transmitted to the transmission gear 501, and then driving the separation drum 2 to rotate normally, ensuring the normal progress of the potato harvesting operation, thereby improving the adaptability and operation reliability of this shaftless drum potato harvester.

[0097] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 5 , the soil cutting blade 3 includes a first annular blade 301 and a second annular blade 302. The first annular blade 301 is arranged around the second annular blade 302; the first annular blade 301 has a first serrated portion 3011 arranged circumferentially, and the second annular blade 302 has a second serrated portion 3021 arranged circumferentially. The second serrated portion 3021 is located behind the first serrated portion 3011.

[0098] In this embodiment, through the cooperation between the two groups of annular blades, when cutting the soil, the first serrated portion 3011 of the first annular blade 301 first contacts the soil layer, which can initially cut open the soil layer and guide the soil into the drum; the second serrated portion 3021 of the second annular blade 302 then follows up to further break and comb the soil. Based on the above stepped arrangement of the cutting structure, the cutting process can be made smoother, thereby improving the degree of soil fragmentation and separation, and further enhancing the excavation effect.

[0099] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 5 , the shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a tool bar 8, auxiliary blades 9, and a scraping blade 10; the first end of the tool bar 8 is connected to the fixed bracket 1, and the second end of the tool bar 8 extends from the rear end opening of the separation drum 2 into the inner cavity of the separation drum 2; the auxiliary blades 9 are connected to the second end of the tool bar 8, and the auxiliary blades 9 are arranged on one side of the tool bar 8 facing the first axis; the scraping blade 10 is connected to the second end of the tool bar 8, and the scraping blade 10 is arranged on the side of the tool bar 8 facing away from the first axis. The scraping blade 10 is used for relative sliding on the inner barrel wall of the separation drum 2.

[0100] Specifically, the first end of the tool bar 8 can be fixed to the fixed bracket 1 by means of welding, bolt connection, etc.

[0101] The auxiliary blade 9 is connected to the second end of the tool bar 8 and is arranged inward in the radial direction. The shape and size of the auxiliary blade 9 can be designed according to the spiral parameters of the separating blade 4, the size of the potatoes, etc. The auxiliary blade 9 remains relatively stationary when the separating drum 2 rotates. The auxiliary blade 9 and the rotating separating blade 4 form a relative motion structure with one moving and one stationary. When the separating blade 4 pushes the soil past the auxiliary blade 9, the soil is blocked by the auxiliary blade 9, and the reaction force generated by this blocking effect can further damage the soil structure, thereby improving the degree of soil fragmentation and accelerating the separation process of the potatoes from the soil.

[0102] The scraping blade 10 is connected to the second end of the tool bar 8 and is arranged outward in the radial direction. The blade part of the scraping blade 10 is in contact with the filter screen structure on the inner cylindrical wall of the separating drum 2. During the rotation of the separating drum 2, the scraping blade 10 remains stationary with the tool bar 8. The blade of the scraping blade 10 can scrape the surface of the filter screen structure during relative motion to remove the sundries adhered to and wound around the surface of the filter screen structure, preventing sundries such as sticky soil, winding stems and leaves, and incompletely broken sand and soil blocks from blocking the mesh holes, ensuring that the separated soil can smoothly discharge outward through the mesh holes, thereby ensuring the separation effect of the separating drum 2. By adjusting the installation angle and the shape of the blade of the scraping blade 10, the scraping effect can be optimized. For example, by designing the blade of the scraping blade 10 to be arc-shaped or wavy, it can better adapt to the curved surface of the inner cylindrical wall of the separating drum 2 and reduce the damage to the filter screen structure while scraping the sundries.

[0103] It should be noted that since the tool bar 8, the auxiliary blade 9, and the scraping blade 10 are not arranged at the central position of the separating drum 2, the probability of stems and leaves and other sundries winding around the tool bar 8 and causing the drum to be blocked is relatively low.

[0104] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 5 to 8 , the shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a sliding sleeve 11 and an elastic member 12; a receiving groove 801 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tool bar 8, a radially extending avoidance through hole 1101 is formed in the sliding sleeve 11, the sliding sleeve 11 is slidably fitted to the second end of the tool bar 8 along a first path, the first path is parallel to the first axis, the auxiliary blade 9 is connected to the sliding sleeve 11, and the scraping blade 10 is hinged to the sliding sleeve 11; one end of the elastic member 12 is connected to the tool bar 8, and the other end of the elastic member 12 is connected to the sliding sleeve 11;

[0105] When the sliding sleeve 11 moves backward along the first path until the avoidance through hole 1101 is opposite to the accommodation groove 801, the scraper 10 is used to rotate forward relative to the sliding sleeve 11 and enter the accommodation groove 801 through the avoidance through hole 1101; the elastic member 12 is used to push the sliding sleeve 11 to move forward along the first path under the elastic force, so as to drive the scraper 10 to rotate backward relative to the sliding sleeve 11 and disengage from the accommodation groove 801.

[0106] In practical applications, when the scraper 10 is made of a rigid material that does not have the ability of elastic deformation, considering that the separation blade 4 may interfere with the scraper 10, the solution of this embodiment is proposed to solve this problem. Specifically, the rotation center axis of the scraper 10 relative to the sliding sleeve 11 is perpendicular to the first path; the elastic member 12 can be a spring, an elastic colloid, etc., and the elastic member 12 can be selected according to the required elastic force magnitude and stroke. As Figure 6 shown, when the separation blade 4 contacts the scraper 10 during rotation, since the separation blade 4 is spiral, it will generate a pushing force along the first path direction on the scraper 10 during rotation, and this pushing force will overcome the elastic force of the elastic member 12 and drive the sliding sleeve 11 to move backward along the first path; as Figure 7 shown, when the sliding sleeve 11 moves to a position where the avoidance through hole 1101 is opposite to the accommodation groove 801, the pushing force applied by the separation blade 4 to the scraper 10 will drive the scraper 10 to rotate clockwise (i.e., forward rotation) relative to the sliding sleeve 11, so that the scraper 10 passes through the avoidance through hole 1101 and enters the accommodation groove 801. At this time, the scraper 10 does not protrude from the surface of the sliding sleeve 11, and the separation blade 4 can pass smoothly from the outside of the sliding sleeve 11. After the separation blade 4 passes, the sliding sleeve 11 is no longer subjected to the pushing force applied by the separation blade 4. At this time, the elastic member 12 will push the sliding sleeve 11 to move forward along the first path to reset based on the elastic force; during the process of the sliding sleeve 11 moving forward along the first path, the scraper 10 will rotate counterclockwise (i.e., backward rotation) relative to the sliding sleeve 11 under the push of the front side wall of the accommodation groove 801, and finally the scraper 10 will disengage from the accommodation groove 801 and reset to the initial position as shown in Figure 8 to prepare for the next round of contact with the separation blade 4.

[0107] During the above avoidance process, the scraper 10 reciprocates along the first path with the sliding sleeve 11, which is equivalent to scraping along the axial direction on the filter screen structure surface of the separation drum 2. In this way, the contact area between the scraper 10 and the filter screen structure can be increased, and the debris on the filter screen structure can be more thoroughly removed based on the dynamic scraping method.

[0108] Similarly, during the above avoidance process, the auxiliary blade 9 also reciprocates along the first path with the sliding sleeve 11. In this way, the reciprocating inserted and pulled auxiliary blade 9 can be used to better dredge the soil in the inner cavity of the separation drum 2, avoid the accumulation of soil and potatoes in the separation drum 2, and improve the degree of soil fragmentation through the impact and dragging effects of the auxiliary blade 9, thereby further accelerating the separation process of potatoes and soil and further improving the separation effect.

[0109] It can be seen that in this embodiment, while completing the avoidance action between the separation blade 4 and the scraper 10, the axial reciprocating movement of the scraper 10 and the auxiliary blade 9 is also realized through the acting forces provided by the separation blade 4 and the elastic member 12, thereby obtaining a better effect of scraping debris on the surface of the filter screen structure and a better effect of crushing and separating soil.

[0110] The above is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the technical concept of the present invention by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied to other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An axle-free drum potato harvester, characterized in that, The shaftless drum potato harvester includes: A fixed bracket for advancing forward under the action of an external drive; A separating drum, the cylinder body of the separating drum is arranged in a filter screen structure; the separating drum is rotatably connected to the fixed bracket around a first axis, the first axis gradually rises from front to back, and the front end opening of the separating drum is lower than the rear end opening of the separating drum; A soil cutting blade, the soil cutting blade is arranged around the front end opening of the separating drum; Separating blades, the separating blades are arranged in a spiral shape on the inner cylinder wall of the separating drum; A drive assembly, the drive assembly is connected to the separating drum, and the drive assembly is used to drive the separating drum to rotate around the first axis.

2. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaftless drum potato harvester further includes traveling wheels. The fixed bracket includes a connecting frame body and a mounting frame body. The front end of the connecting frame body is used to connect an external drive device. The rear end of the connecting frame body is connected to the front end of the mounting frame body. The middle part of the mounting frame body is recessed downward to form a receiving space. The separating drum is placed in the receiving space. The traveling wheels are arranged at the rear end of the mounting frame body.

3. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 2, wherein, The traveling wheels are adjustably connected to the rear end of the mounting frame body in the height direction; when the height difference between the traveling wheels and the rear end of the mounting frame body increases, the inclination angle of the first axis relative to the horizontal plane increases accordingly; And / or, the shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a roller assembly. The roller assembly is rotatably connected to the mounting frame body, and the separating drum is mounted on the roller assembly.

4. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that The roller assembly includes a first roller, the first roller is rotatably connected to the mounting frame body around a second axis, and the second axis is parallel to the first axis; a front contact ring is sleeved around the front end of the separating drum in the circumferential direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the front contact ring abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the first roller under the action of gravity; And / or, the roller assembly includes a second roller, the second roller is rotatably connected to the mounting frame body around a third axis, and the third axis is parallel to the first axis; a rear contact ring is sleeved around the rear end of the separating drum in the circumferential direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the rear contact ring abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the second roller under the action of gravity.

5. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rear contact ring has a first ring segment and a second ring segment arranged in sequence from front to back, and the outer diameter of the second ring segment is larger than that of the first ring segment; The outer peripheral surface of the first ring segment abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the second roller under the action of gravity, and the end face of the second ring segment facing the first ring segment abuts against the end face of the second roller under the action of gravity; And / or, the roller assembly further includes a third roller, the third roller is rotatably connected to the mounting frame body around a fourth axis, and the fourth axis is perpendicular to the first axis; the outer peripheral surface of the third roller is used to abut against the end face of the second ring segment facing away from the first ring segment.

6. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 1, wherein, The driving assembly includes a transmission gear for connecting a rotary driving device; a gear ring is sleeved on the separation drum in the circumferential direction, and the gear ring is in meshing transmission with the transmission gear.

7. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 6, characterized in that, The driving assembly further includes a universal coupling. The power input end of the universal coupling is used to connect the rotary driving device, and the power output end of the universal coupling is connected to the transmission gear.

8. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil cutting blade includes a first annular blade and a second annular blade. The first annular blade is arranged around the second annular blade; the first annular blade has a first serrated portion arranged in a circumferential direction around it, and the second annular blade has a second serrated portion arranged in a circumferential direction around it. The second serrated portion is located behind the first serrated portion.

9. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a cutter bar, an auxiliary blade and a scraper; the first end of the cutter bar is connected to the fixed bracket, and the second end of the cutter bar extends from the rear opening of the separation drum into the inner cavity of the separation drum; the auxiliary blade is connected to the second end of the cutter bar, and the auxiliary blade is arranged on one side of the cutter bar facing the first axis; the scraper is connected to the second end of the cutter bar, and the scraper is arranged on the side of the cutter bar facing away from the first axis. The scraper is used for sliding relative to the inner barrel wall of the separation drum.

10. The shaftless drum potato harvester according to claim 9, characterized in that, The shaftless drum potato harvester further includes a sliding sleeve and an elastic member; a receiving groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter bar, and an avoidance through hole extending radially is formed in the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is slidably fitted on the second end of the cutter bar along a first path parallel to the first axis. The auxiliary blade is connected to the sliding sleeve, and the scraper is hinged to the sliding sleeve; one end of the elastic member is connected to the cutter bar, and the other end of the elastic member is connected to the sliding sleeve. When the sliding sleeve moves backward along the first path until the avoidance through hole is opposite to the receiving groove, the scraper is used for rotating forward relative to the sliding sleeve and entering the receiving groove through the avoidance through hole; the elastic member is used for pushing the sliding sleeve to move forward along the first path under the elastic acting force, so as to drive the scraper to rotate backward relative to the sliding sleeve and disengage from the receiving groove.

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