Bagging and seed reserving method for efficient harvesting of pterocypsela indica seeds

Abstract

The invention provides a bagging and seed reserving method for efficient harvesting of pterocypsela indica seeds, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, in a seed reserving group in the later stage of budding of pterocypsela indica, when it is observed that 5-10 buds of each bud are completely ripe and seeds start to fly, bagging is arranged; s2, plant branches are fixed through a pressure feedback type surrounding clamp, an operator makes a 60-mesh nylon net bag spirally descend along a main stem, and a waterproof binding belt is adopted at the position, 10 cm away from a branch point, of a bag opening for triple binding; s3, when the weather station monitors that the rainfall probability in the next 24 hours is larger than or equal to 80% and the RH value of a humidity sensor in the bag is larger than or equal to 85%, a vibration motor at the bottom of the net bag is started to be matched with an electrostatic adsorption film to complete seed transfer; the harvesting efficiency of the pterocypsela indica seeds can be improved, the seed production cost is effectively reduced, and planting of various crops or field management of mountain fruit tea gardens is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sexual reproduction of agricultural crops, and particularly to a bagging and seed - retaining method for efficient harvesting of Pterocypsela indica seeds. Background Art

[0002] Pterocypsela indica is an annual or biennial herb of the genus Lactuca in the Compositae family. Its growth period is as long as 298 days, belonging to a late - maturing variety. The forage - providing period is 3 months longer than that of ryegrass. Moreover, it can grow well in a high - temperature environment of 35 - 40 °C, and the annual average fresh - grass yield reaches 47618.6 kg / hm 2 . This variety has strong adaptability, cold - resistance, drought - resistance, salt - tolerance, strong regeneration ability, broad leaves, compact plant type, high yield, excellent quality and good palatability, and is a high - quality forage suitable for artificial cultivation. Pterocypsela indica in northern Fujian has a relatively large amount of leaves. The dry weight of leaves accounts for 89.29% of the total weight of leaves and stems. It can be cut 4 - 6 times a year, is rich in nutrients, with a crude protein content as high as 23.99%, a crude fiber content of 10.2%, and a crude fat content of 6.2%. It is rich in nitrogen - free extracts, calcium and phosphorus, and is a high - protein and high - quality green forage. Pterocypsela indica in northern Fujian also contains rich bioactive substances, such as lactones, glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenoids, sterols, unsaturated fatty acids and trace elements, etc., which play a role in improving animal lipid metabolism, enhancing flavor quality, antioxidant capacity and immunity. However, the seeds of Pterocypsela indica in northern Fujian are relatively small, with a thousand - grain weight of only 0.5 - 0.7 g, and the maturity time is extremely inconsistent.

[0003] Pterocypsela indica is a plant of the genus Pterocypsela in the Compositae family. Its roots or whole plants can be used as medicine, and its tender stems and leaves can be used as vegetables, and can also be used as excellent feed and bait for poultry and fish. Pterocypsela indica is cold in nature and bitter in taste, so it has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and promoting diuresis, and activating blood circulation and relieving pain.

[0004] The reproductive mode of Pterocypsela indica is sexual reproduction. Generally, Pterocypsela indica can only flower and set seeds under specific conditions, usually only in August - October, and must meet certain conditions to be fully mature. There is a large demand in the market, but the seeds are small and light, which brings great difficulties to seed producers. If it rains during the seed - production period, it will bring even greater difficulties, and it will also affect the germination rate of the seeds. Currently, it is collected by manual patting, with a large labor intensity, large collection containers, and it is easily carried away by the air current. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bagging and seed - retaining method for efficient harvesting of Pterocypsela indica seeds, which can improve the seed - harvesting efficiency of Pterocypsela indica, effectively reduce the seed - production cost, and is beneficial to the field management of various crop plantations or mountain orchard tea gardens.

[0006] The present invention is realized by the following scheme: A bagging and seed - retaining method for efficient harvesting of Pterocypsela indica seeds, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1, when the buds of the winged chrysanthemum are in the late stage, when 5 to 10 buds of each plant in the seed-keeping population are observed to be fully mature and start to release seeds, bagging is arranged; Step S2, using a pressure feedback type embracing clamp to fix the plant branches, the operator places a 60-mesh nylon mesh bag spirally down along the main stem, and the bag opening is triple-tied with a waterproof drawstring 10 cm away from the branch point; Step S3: When the weather station detects that the probability of rainfall in the next 24 hours is ≥80% and the RH value of the humidity sensor in the bag is ≥85%, the vibration motor at the bottom of the mesh bag is started to cooperate with the electrostatic adsorption film to complete the seed transfer.

[0007] Furthermore, the step S1 is further specified as follows: the maturity of the flower buds is monitored by a multi-spectral imaging system of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and a bagging instruction is triggered when the number of mature flower buds per plant reaches 5-10 and the pappus stretch is ≥70%.

[0008] Furthermore, the stretch of the pappus is calculated as follows: stretch (%) = (expanded pappus projection area / maximum theoretical pappus area) × 100, which is automatically measured by image analysis software.

[0009] Furthermore, the waterproof cuff in step S2 is made of silicone material and has a built-in temperature memory alloy spring, which automatically relaxes by 5 mm to reserve space for thermal expansion when the ambient temperature is greater than 35°C.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention increases the efficiency of collecting seeds of winged chrysanthemum by 3.2 times, increases the thousand-grain weight by 15%, and achieves a germination rate of more than 92%. The present invention is suitable for large-scale seed production, has a relatively simple structure, is easy to use, has a low cost, can be used repeatedly, is convenient to deploy in the field, saves manpower, and has an easy collection process with low labor intensity, and collects seeds without loss. The method is simple and effective, can ensure that winged chrysanthemum seeds are collected, promotes the popularization and application of winged chrysanthemum varieties in production, reduces labor input, improves seed collection efficiency, effectively reduces seed production costs, is beneficial to the planting of various crops or field management of mountain fruit and tea gardens, improves ecological artificial prevention and control capabilities, and promotes the development of engineering technology in the southern grass industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0013] See also Figure 1 As shown, a bagging and seed-saving method for efficiently harvesting winged chrysanthemum seeds of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step S1. When the Lactuca indica is in the late budding stage, in the seed-retaining population, when observing that each plant has 5 - 10 fully mature flower buds and starts to release seeds, arrange for bagging. Step S2. Use a pressure-feedback type encircling clamp to fix the plant branches. The operator spirally descends and arranges a 60-mesh nylon mesh bag along the main stem, and at a position 10 cm from the branch point, use a waterproof drawstring to tie it in triple knots. Step S3. When the meteorological station monitors that the rainfall probability in the next 24 hours ≥ 80% and the RH value of the humidity sensor in the bag ≥ 85%, start the vibration motor at the bottom of the mesh bag and cooperate with the electrostatic adsorption film to complete the seed transfer.

[0014] The method of bagging Lactuca indica with a mesh bag, the steps are as follows: In the production of Lactuca indica in northern Fujian, seed propagation is generally used. It has the characteristics of blooming and fruiting simultaneously, the maturity of seeds is inconsistent, and the seeds have pappus, which are easy to disperse with the wind after maturity. Coupled with the extremely small size of the seeds, it increases the difficulty of seed harvesting; when the planting density in the seed-retaining field is 100 cm × 100 cm, plants with strong growth and no pests and diseases should be selected for bagging and seed retention.

[0015] Example 1: Precise bagging operation Step 1. Spray 2000-fold solution of 5% abamectin EC in the late budding stage, with key treatment on the back of the leaves. Step 2. Two people cooperate for bagging. The ground operator uses an encircling fixing frame (the clamping force controlled by the pressure sensor ≤ 5 N) to stabilize the branches, and the operator on the ladder arranges the mesh bag using the spiral descent method; use a foldable A-frame ladder (height 150 cm) to cooperate with the ground operator's operation system, and ensure that the included angle between the axis of the mesh bag and the main stem ≤ 15° through a magnetic positioning device to reduce mechanical damage. Step 3. Use a waterproof drawstring to tie it in triple knots at a position 10 cm from the branch point to form a lantern-shaped enclosed space.

[0016] Equipment preparation: Use a DJI Agras T30 drone equipped with a RedEdge-MX multispectral camera, set the NDVI threshold > 0.6 as the judgment standard for flower bud maturity; use the monitoring of the fully mature proportion of flower buds (5 - 10 flowers / plant start to fly seeds) combined with the pappus stretch degree ≥ 70% as the bagging start signal, and the harvesting rate is increased by 38% compared with the traditional fixed flowering period judgment method. Configure an encircling clamp of model FH-2023, with a pressure sensor range of 0 - 10 N and a calibration error of ±0.1 N.

[0017] Bagging implementation: When the pappus stretch degree of the target plant is monitored to be 72%, the ground operator holds the clamp and encircles it 30 cm upward from the base of the plant (the measured pressure is 4.8 N). The operator on the ladder attaches the magnetic positioning device at the top of the mesh bag (model MG-6) to the north side of the main stem and lowers the mesh bag spirally at a speed of 15 cm per second; a 60-mesh nylon mesh bag (100 cm × 150 cm) is designed with an adjustable drawstring. A seed diversion groove is provided at the bottom, and a 30-cm redundant space is reserved at the top for the plants to continue growing, realizing the synchronization of "growth - harvesting". In the drawstring process, the three-cross tying method is adopted: the first time it is tightened to a diameter of 3 cm, the second time it is reinforced to 2 cm, and the third time a 1-cm buffer gap is reserved.

[0018] Example 2: Intelligent seed placement Configure mesh bags with RFID tags and obtain the maturity data of each bag by scanning with a handheld terminal; When placing seeds, the inverted docking method is adopted. A vibration motor (frequency 20 Hz ± 5%) is installed at the upper bag opening, and an electrostatic adsorption film is placed inside the lower bag to ensure a seed transfer rate of more than 99%.

[0019] Hardware configuration: A micro vibration motor (Nidec FBL4 type, Japan, rated power 5W, frequency adjustment accuracy ±0.5 Hz) is installed at the bottom of the mesh bag; The electrostatic adsorption film uses DuPont Teflon material, with a surface resistivity of 10^8 - 10^10 Ω / sq and a pre-charging voltage of 1.5 kV.

[0020] Seed placement process: When the meteorological station predicts a rainfall probability of 85%, the control system is automatically activated: based on meteorological data (wind speed ≤ level 3 in the 24 hours before rainfall) combined with the temperature and humidity sensors inside the bag (automatic alarm when RH ≥ 85%), zero-loss seed shedding is achieved; a. The vibration motor runs at a frequency of 22 Hz for 3 cycles (each cycle is 15 seconds, with an interval of 5 seconds); b. The electrostatic film maintains a voltage of 0.8 kV during the seed falling stage to capture the scattered seeds; c. The seed flow rate in the diversion groove is controlled at 0.5 - 1.2 m / s and is introduced into the seed storage tank through the bottom collection port.

[0021] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A bagging and seed - retaining method for efficient harvesting of Pterocypsela indica seeds, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step S1, when the buds of the winged chrysanthemum are in the late stage, when 5 to 10 buds of each plant in the seed-keeping population are observed to be fully mature and start to release seeds, bagging is arranged; Step S2, using a pressure feedback type embracing clamp to fix the plant branches, the operator places a 60-mesh nylon mesh bag spirally down along the main stem, and the bag opening is triple-tied with a waterproof drawstring 10 cm away from the branch point; Step S3: When the weather station monitors that the probability of rainfall in the next 24 hours is ≥80% and the RH value of the humidity sensor in the bag is ≥85%, the vibration motor at the bottom of the net bag is started to cooperate with the electrostatic adsorption film to complete the seed transfer.

2. The bagging and seed - retaining method for efficient harvesting of Pterocypsela indica seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 is further specified as follows: the maturity of the flower buds is monitored by a multi-spectral imaging system of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and a bagging instruction is triggered when the number of mature flower buds per plant reaches 5-10 and the pappus stretch is ≥70%.

3. The bagging and seed - retaining method for efficient harvesting of Pterocypsela indica seeds according to claim 2, wherein: The calculation method of the pappus stretch degree is: stretch degree (%) = (expanded pappus projection area / maximum theoretical pappus area) × 100, which is automatically measured by image analysis software.

4. The bagging and seed - retaining method for efficient harvesting of Pterocypsela indica seeds according to claim 1, wherein: The waterproof cuff in step S2 is made of silicone material and has a built-in temperature memory alloy spring. When the ambient temperature is greater than 35°C, it automatically relaxes by 5mm to reserve space for thermal expansion.

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