Phospholipid emulsifier as well as preparation method and application thereof in increasing yield of agaricus bisporus

Abstract

The invention relates to a phospholipid emulsifier, a preparation method thereof and an application of the phospholipid emulsifier in increasing the yield of agaricus bisporus, and by optimizing the formula and the preparation process of the phospholipid emulsifier, the physical and chemical properties of a culture medium are improved, the mycelial growth of the agaricus bisporus is promoted, and the yield and the quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and specifically relates to a phospholipid emulsifier, a preparation method thereof, and an application in increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus. Background Art

[0002] Agaricus bisporus is a widely cultivated edible mushroom, and its yield and quality directly affect economic benefits. In traditional cultivation methods, the yield of Agaricus bisporus is limited by problems such as uneven distribution of substrate nutrients, poor water retention ability, and slow mycelial expansion. As a natural surfactant, phospholipid emulsifier can improve the physical properties of the substrate, but its application in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus has not been fully developed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a phospholipid emulsifier, a preparation method thereof, and an application in increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a phospholipid emulsifier, the raw material formula includes the following raw materials in mass percentage: Soybean phospholipid 50%-60%; Lecithin 10%-30%; Natural emulsifier 10%-20%.

[0005] The preferred technical solution is: the natural emulsifier is at least one of gum arabic and xanthan gum.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a preparation method of a phospholipid emulsifier, the raw material formula includes the following raw materials in mass percentage: Soybean phospholipid 50%-60%; Lecithin 10%-30%; Natural emulsifier 10%-20%; The preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix soybean phospholipid and lecithin in proportion, add distilled water, and stir evenly to obtain a mixture; Step 2: Heat the mixture to 60-70 °C and continuously stir for 20-50 minutes; Step 3: Add the natural emulsifier and continue to stir for 10-30 minutes to form an emulsion; Step 4: Cool the emulsion to room temperature, filter to remove impurities, and obtain the phospholipid emulsifier.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: the application of the above phospholipid emulsifier in increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus.

[0008] The preferred technical solution is as follows: Substrate pretreatment: In the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus, add 1-2 kg of phospholipid emulsifier per ton of substrate and mix evenly. Mycelium growth period: Within 7 days after mycelium inoculation, spray 50-100 g of phospholipid emulsifier on the surface of each square meter of substrate to promote the rapid colonization of mycelium. Mushroom fruiting period management: After harvesting each flush of Agaricus bisporus, spray 30-50 g of phospholipid emulsifier per square meter to supplement nutrients and promote the formation of the next flush of mushrooms.

[0009] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: By optimizing the formula and preparation process of the phospholipid emulsifier, the present invention significantly improves the physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate, promotes the growth of Agaricus bisporus mycelium, and increases the fruiting rate. The yield of three flushes of mushrooms is increased by 20%-30%, and the quality of the mushrooms is significantly improved. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010] Figure 1 Shows the Agaricus bisporus cultivated by the prior art.

[0011] Figure 2 Shows the Agaricus bisporus cultivated by the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0012] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this embodiment.

[0013] Please refer to Figure 1-2 . It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they do not have any technical essence. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size. The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. The experimental materials used in the following embodiments are all obtained from conventional consumables and biochemical reagent stores without special instructions.

[0014] Example 1: A phospholipid emulsifier, its preparation method and its application in increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus 1. Preparation of phospholipid emulsifier: By mass percentage: Take 60% of soybean phospholipid, 25% of lecithin, and 15% of arabic gum, mix them in proportion, add an appropriate amount of distilled water, heat to 65°C and stir for 30 minutes, add arabic gum and continue to stir for 20 minutes, then cool and filter to obtain the phospholipid emulsifier.

[0015] 2. Application of phospholipid emulsifier: Add 1.5 kg of phospholipid emulsifier per ton of substrate in the Agaricus bisporus cultivation substrate and mix evenly. The formula of the fermentation raw materials is straw: livestock and poultry manure: gypsum with a ratio of 5.5:4:0.5. The requirements for the three - stage fermented compost obtained are: completely decomposed, nitrogen content 1.8 - 2.2 (dry matter basis), C / N ratio 15:1 - 18:1, water content 65 - 68%, pH value 7.2 - 7.8, ammonia concentration < 0.05%, color is dark brown, no ammonia smell, with a slight musty fragrance, loose and no caking.

[0016] Add 1.5 kg of phospholipid emulsifier per ton of substrate in the Agaricus bisporus cultivation substrate and mix evenly. Spray the phospholipid emulsifier solution (50 g / m²) within 7 days after mycelium inoculation. Spray the phospholipid emulsifier solution (30 g / m²) after each flush of mushrooms is harvested.

[0017] Conduct experiments in the Agaricus bisporus cultivation base. After using the method of the present invention, the total yield of three flushes of mushrooms is increased by 25% compared with the control group, and the mushrooms are uniform in size, bright in color, and the incidence of pests and diseases is significantly reduced.

[0018] By optimizing the formula and preparation process of the phospholipid emulsifier, the present invention significantly improves the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus, especially the yield of three flushes of mushrooms is significantly increased, and it has a wide application prospect.

[0019] Improve the physical properties of the substrate: The phospholipid emulsifier can reduce the surface tension of the substrate, improve the water distribution and retention ability.

[0020] Improve the air permeability and water retention of the substrate, and promote the expansion of mycelium.

[0021] Promote nutrient absorption: The phospholipid emulsifier can evenly disperse the nutrients in the substrate and improve the absorption efficiency of mycelium for nutrients.

[0022] Enhance stress resistance: The phospholipid emulsifier can improve the micro - environment of the substrate, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0023] By optimizing the formula and preparation process of the phospholipid emulsifier, the present invention significantly improves the physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate.

[0024] Promote the growth of Agaricus bisporus mycelium and improve the fruiting rate.

[0025] The yield of three flushes of mushrooms is increased by 20% - 30%, and the quality of the mushrooms is significantly improved.

[0026] Example 3: A Phospholipid Emulsifier, Its Preparation Method and Application in Improving the Yield of Agaricus bisporus A preparation method of a phospholipid emulsifier, comprising soybean phospholipid, lecithin and natural emulsifier. The mass ratio of each raw material is: 55% of soybean phospholipid, 25% of lecithin, and 20% of natural emulsifier. When culturing Agaricus bisporus, the addition amount of the phospholipid emulsifier is 1.5 kg per ton of substrate.

[0027] 1. The most suitable culture medium of Agaricus bisporus for the "phospholipid emulsifier" Evenly sow the Agaricus bisporus strains into the second fermentation compost at a composting temperature of 25 - 26°C, with a seeding rate of 7L / t - 10L / t, and ferment for 16d - 19d at a composting temperature of 25 - 26°C to obtain the third fermentation compost, with a nitrogen content of 1.8 - 2.2 (dry matter basis), a water content of 65% - 68%, a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 15:1 - 18:1, all in dark brown color, without ammonia smell, with a slight mildew fragrance, loose and non-compacted.

[0028] 2. The most suitable cultivation method of Agaricus bisporus for the "phospholipid emulsifier" Mix the phospholipid emulsifier into the fermented compost to obtain the compost, spread the compost evenly on the bed frame with a thickness of 18 cm, and then cover it with peat soil with a thickness of 6 cm - 7 cm. Fill the bed frame with the culture material, and the temperature of the culture material is 23 - 24°C.

[0029] 3. The addition time and addition amount of the "phospholipid emulsifier"; Mix 1 kg - 2 kg per ton of the phospholipid emulsifier without caking and stirred evenly with water in a ratio of 1:3 - 5 during feeding. The phospholipid emulsifier contains 50 - 70% of soybean lecithin, 20 - 30% of lecithin, and 10 - 20% of natural emulsifier (such as gum arabic, xanthan gum, etc.).

[0030] After the end of the first flush of mushrooms and the harvest of the second flush of mushrooms, spray 30 - 50 g of the phospholipid emulsifier per square meter to supplement nutrients and promote the formation of the next flush of mushrooms.

[0031] What outstanding improvements has the addition of the "phospholipid emulsifier" brought to the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus? The phospholipid emulsifier technology realizes the high-efficiency, high-yield and low-pollution cultivation of Agaricus bisporus through the dual effects of physical improvement and biological regulation, and is especially suitable for industrialized large-scale production, which is an important upgrading direction of traditional methods. What outstanding technological progress has the cultivation method of Agaricus bisporus with the addition of the "phospholipid emulsifier" made compared with the ordinary method Adding "phospholipid emulsifier" in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus is an innovative technology, which mainly improves production efficiency and yield by enhancing the physical and biochemical properties of the culture medium. Compared with traditional methods, its prominent technological progress is reflected in the following aspects: 1. Enhancing the uniformity of the culture medium and nutrient utilization Emulsification: Phospholipid emulsifier can effectively disperse oils and hydrophobic substances (such as lipids in wheat bran and soybean meal) in the culture medium, making them uniformly mixed with the aqueous phase and avoiding nutrient stratification or caking.

[0032] Nutrient release: Through emulsification, fat-soluble nutrients (such as vitamins and sterols) are more easily absorbed by mushroom mycelia, improving the utilization rate of carbon and nitrogen sources and shortening the mycelial colonization time.

[0033] 2. Improving water management Enhanced water retention: The micelle structure formed by the emulsifier can lock in water, reducing water loss due to evaporation or leakage in the culture medium, especially maintaining a more stable humidity during the casing soil stage.

[0034] Optimized air permeability: Avoiding local over-wetting or hardening caused by uneven water distribution in traditional methods, keeping the culture medium loose and breathable, and promoting the healthy growth of mycelia.

[0035] 3. Promoting mycelial growth and metabolism Cell membrane permeability: Phospholipids are the main components of cell membranes. Exogenous addition can accelerate the repair and expansion of mycelial cell membranes, enhancing their nutrient absorption capacity.

[0036] Stimulation of enzyme activity: Some studies have shown that phospholipids may activate lignocellulose-degrading enzymes (such as laccase and manganese peroxidase) secreted by mycelia, accelerating the decomposition efficiency of substrates such as straw.

[0037] 4. Inhibiting miscellaneous bacteria and diseases Biofilm interference: Phospholipid emulsifier may disrupt the biofilm formation of certain miscellaneous bacteria (such as Trichoderma and Penicillium), reducing the pollution risk.

[0038] Ecological niche competition: By promoting the rapid occupation of positions by mushroom mycelia, reducing the breeding opportunities of miscellaneous bacteria and reducing the usage amount of chemical fungicides.

[0039] 5. Improving yield and quality Yield increase effect: Experimental data show that the single yield of Agaricus bisporus added with emulsifier can be increased by 10% - 20%, and the fruiting period is shortened (such as the first flush of mushrooms is advanced by 2 - 3 days).

[0040] Fruiting body quality: Mushroom individuals are more uniform, the mushroom caps are thick and the color is white, and the shelf life is extended (due to a denser cell structure, reducing transportation damage).

[0041] 6. Environmental protection and economic advantages Reduce the dosage of additives: Traditional methods may require more water regulators or surfactants, while phospholipid emulsifiers have multiple functions, reducing the overall cost.

[0042] Utilization of waste: Using by-products such as soybean phospholipids can achieve the high-value utilization of agricultural waste, in line with the concept of circular agriculture.

[0043] The method of the present invention is particularly suitable for large-scale plantations. By finely regulating the microenvironment of the culture medium, the quality and efficiency of Agaricus bisporus production can be improved.

[0044] Example 4: A phospholipid emulsifier, its preparation method and application in increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus A phospholipid emulsifier, the raw material formula includes the following raw materials in mass percentage: Soybean phospholipid 50%; Lecithin 30%; Natural emulsifier 20%.

[0045] The preferred embodiment is: The natural emulsifier is gum arabic.

[0046] To achieve the above and other related purposes, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: A preparation method of a phospholipid emulsifier, the raw material formula includes the following raw materials in mass percentage: Soybean phospholipid 50%; Lecithin 30%; Natural emulsifier 20%.

[0047] The preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix soybean phospholipid and lecithin in proportion, add distilled water, and stir evenly to obtain a mixture; Step 2: Heat the mixture to 60 °C and continuously stir for 20 minutes; Step 3: Add the natural emulsifier and continue to stir for 10 minutes to form an emulsion; Step 4: Cool the emulsion to room temperature, filter to remove impurities, and obtain the phospholipid emulsifier.

[0048] The application of the above phospholipid emulsifier in increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus.

[0049] The preferred technical solution is: Substrate pretreatment: In the Agaricus bisporus cultivation substrate, add 1 kg of phospholipid emulsifier per ton of substrate and mix evenly; Mycelium growth period: Within 7 days after mycelium inoculation, spray 50 g of phospholipid emulsifier on the surface of each square meter of substrate to promote the rapid colonization of mycelium; Management during the fruiting period: After harvesting each crop of Agaricus bisporus, spray 30 g of phospholipid emulsifier per square meter to supplement nutrients and promote the formation of the next crop of mushrooms.

[0050] The above are only preferred embodiments for explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Therefore, any modifications or changes to the present invention made in the same spirit of the invention should still be included within the scope intended to be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A phospholipid emulsifier, characterized in that: The raw material formula includes raw materials with the following mass percentages: Soybean phospholipid 50%-60%; Lecithin 10%-30%; Natural emulsifier 10%-20%.

2. The preparation method of the phospholipid emulsifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural emulsifier is at least one of gum arabic and xanthan gum.

3. A preparation method of a phospholipid emulsifier, characterized in that: The raw material formula includes raw materials with the following mass percentages: Soybean phospholipid 50%-60%; Lecithin 10%-30%; Natural emulsifier 10%-20%; The preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix soybean phospholipid and lecithin in proportion, add distilled water, and stir evenly to obtain a mixture; Step 2: Heat the mixture to 60-70 °C and continuously stir for 20-50 minutes; Step 3: Add the natural emulsifier and continue to stir for 10-30 minutes to form an emulsion; Step 4: Cool the emulsion to room temperature, filter to remove impurities, and obtain the phospholipid emulsifier.

4. Use of the phospholipid emulsifier according to claim 1 or 2 in increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus.

5. Use of the phospholipid emulsifier according to claim 4 in increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus, characterized in that: Substrate pretreatment: In the Agaricus bisporus cultivation substrate, add 1-2 kg of phospholipid emulsifier per ton of substrate and mix evenly; Mycelium growth period: Within 7 days after inoculating the mycelium, spray 50-100 g of phospholipid emulsifier on the surface of each square meter of substrate to promote the rapid colonization of the mycelium; Mushroom fruiting period management: After harvesting each flush of Agaricus bisporus, spray 30-50 g of phospholipid emulsifier per square meter to supplement nutrients and promote the formation of the next flush of mushrooms.

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