Solid artificial black soil as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides solid artificial black soil as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The solid artificial black soil is blocky and comprises not more than 3% of magnesium element, not more than 1.4% of sulfur element, not more than 48% of calcium element, not more than 11% of silicon element, not more than 0.35% of iron element, not more than 1.3% of aluminum element and not more than 0.2% of sodium ion, the pH value is 6-8.5, and the water content is not more than 40%. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mineral substances, organic matters, florae and water to obtain a mixture; forming and processing to obtain a green body; drying to obtain solid artificial black soil; wherein the organic matter is obtained after kitchen garbage, agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry wastes and facultative anaerobic flora are subjected to synergistic fermentation and decomposition. The application comprises application in greening, land reconstruction or planting. The solid artificial black soil is blocky, is completely different from conventional granular artificial soil, not only has the fertility increasing capacity, but also is high in water locking capacity, can lock water 1-1.2 times of the mass of the black soil, and can continuously provide water for plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological environmental protection, and in particular to a solid artificial black soil and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the existing soil is loose and granular. When laid outdoors, it is easily washed away by rain and cannot continuously provide nutrients for plants. In addition, the water absorption and water retention capacity of the soil is usually very poor, and the water holding capacity is low. When used, it requires long-term and uninterrupted artificial water replenishment, which greatly limits its promotion and application.

[0003] For example, the roofs of public buildings in the city need to be planted with lawns to save energy, reduce emissions and reduce noise. Building roofs have different shapes and slopes, and are directly exposed to the scorching sun and rain. This puts higher demands on the soil base under the lawn: water and fertilizer retention, soil loss prevention, and structural stability. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. For example, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an artificial black soil in a solid form.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing solid artificial black soil.

[0006] The solid artificial black soil is in block form, wherein magnesium element ≤3%, sulfur element ≤1.4%, calcium element ≤48%, silicon element ≤11%, iron element ≤0.35%, aluminum element ≤1.3%, sodium ion ≤0.2%, pH value 6-8.5, and water content ≤40%;

[0007] The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing minerals, organic matter, bacterial flora and water to obtain a mixture; molding the mixture to obtain a green body; and drying the green body to obtain solid artificial black soil; wherein the organic matter is obtained by synergistic fermentation and composting of kitchen waste, agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste and facultative anaerobic bacterial flora.

[0008] Furthermore, the solid artificial black soil contains organic matter ≥10%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥2%, and bacterial flora (cfu) ≥200 million / kg.

[0009] Furthermore, the agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste may include one or more of dead branches, straw, leaves, bark, sawdust and animal manure.

[0010] Furthermore, the bacterial flora may include at least one of yeast, bacillus, acetic acid bacteria, enzyme bacteria, pancreatic enzyme and EM beneficial active bacteria.

[0011] Furthermore, the minerals may include at least one of inorganic compounds such as phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and iron oxide.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass of the water may be 2 to 4 times, for example, 3 times, the mass of the minerals.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the sum of the mass parts of the minerals, organic matter and bacterial flora being 100 parts, the minerals are 30 to 50 parts by mass.

[0014] Furthermore, the dimensions of the solid artificial black soil may include: 200-500 mm in length, 100-500 mm in width, and 40-100 mm in height.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides a solid artificial black soil.

[0016] Solid artificial black soil can be obtained by mixing, molding and drying a variety of raw materials; wherein the various raw materials include: minerals, organic matter and bacterial flora, and the organic matter includes organic matter obtained from the treatment of kitchen waste; the solid artificial black soil is block-shaped, wherein magnesium element ≤3%, sulfur element ≤1.4%, calcium element ≤48%, silicon element ≤11%, iron element ≤0.35%, aluminum element ≤1.3%, organic matter ≥10%, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥2, sodium ions ≤0.2%, bacterial flora (cfu) ≥200 million / Kg, pH 6-8.5, and moisture ≤40%.

[0017] Furthermore, the solid artificial black soil can be prepared by the above method.

[0018] Furthermore, the solid artificial black soil is block-shaped, 200-500 mm long, 100-500 mm wide, and 40-100 mm high.

[0019] Furthermore, a plurality of non-penetrating holes are formed on one surface of the solid artificial black soil.

[0020] Furthermore, the organic matter is obtained by synergistic fermentation and composting of kitchen waste, agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste and facultative anaerobic bacteria.

[0021] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an application of solid artificial black soil.

[0022] The application may include the application of solid artificial black soil in greening, land transformation or plant cultivation. Greening includes: building roof greening, road slope greening, river slope greening, etc., land transformation includes: desertification land transformation, etc., and plant cultivation includes green plant cultivation, vegetable and fruit planting, etc.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least one of the following:

[0024] (1) The present invention successfully prepared solid artificial black soil, which is in block form and is completely different from conventional granular artificial soil.

[0025] (2) The solid artificial black soil of the present invention not only has the ability to increase fertilizer, but also has a strong water-locking ability. It can lock in 1 to 1.2 times of its own weight of water and can continuously provide water for plants.

[0026] (3) The solid artificial black soil of the present invention can be used to directly cultivate plants without the need for other auxiliary materials.

[0027] (4) The solid artificial black soil of the present invention is easy to transport and has low preparation cost.

[0028] (5) The solid artificial black soil of the present invention is made of organic matter, minerals and bacterial flora, and does not contain other harmful substances, and is a green product.

[0029] (6) One of the main raw materials of the solid artificial black soil of the present invention is organic matter made from kitchen waste, that is, the present invention can consume a large amount of kitchen waste and achieve comprehensive and efficient utilization of kitchen waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The above and other objects and / or features of the present invention will become more apparent through the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0031] Figure 1A A physical diagram of the solid artificial black soil of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 1B Shows Figure 1A Grayscale image of

[0033] Figure 2A Another physical diagram of the solid artificial black soil of the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 2B Shows Figure 2A Grayscale image of

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of porous solid artificial black soil of the present invention is shown;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the non-porous solid artificial black soil of the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 5A A physical picture showing a solid artificial black soil with insufficient strength;

[0038] Figure 5B Shows Figure 5A Grayscale image of . Detailed Embodiments

[0039] In the following, the solid artificial black soil of the present invention, its preparation method and application will be described in detail in conjunction with exemplary embodiments.

[0040] Exemplary Embodiment 1

[0041] This exemplary embodiment provides a method for preparing solid artificial black soil.

[0042] The method may include the following steps: uniformly mixing minerals, organic matter, microbial flora and water to obtain a mixture; performing shaping processing on the mixture to obtain a green body; and drying the green body to obtain artificial black soil.

[0043] In this embodiment, the step of uniformly mixing minerals, organic matter, microbial flora and water may include: uniformly mixing X parts by mass of minerals, Y parts by mass of organic matter and Z parts by mass of microbial flora, and then adding 2X - 4X parts by mass of water and mixing uniformly again.

[0044] Wherein, calculated according to X + Y + Z = 100 parts by mass, X = 30 - 50 parts, Z is less than 1 part, such as 0.8, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 parts, etc., and the balance is organic matter.

[0045] If the dosage of minerals is less than 30 parts, the strength of the produced product is insufficient and the shaping effect is poor. For example Figure 5A and Figure 5B as shown, the product is fragile. If it is higher than 50, the dosage of organic matter will be relatively reduced, and the produced product cannot provide sufficient nutrients for plants. Compared with minerals and organic matter, the addition amount of the bacterial strain is less. On the one hand, it is for economic reasons (that is, if too much bacterial strain is added, the cost is high), and on the other hand, after adding a small amount of bacterial strain, the bacterial strain can reproduce itself.

[0046] In this embodiment, the step of shaping processing may include: filling the mixture into a mold and extruding it to obtain a shaped green body.

[0047] In this embodiment, the drying may include natural air drying. Of course, the drying method of the present invention is not limited to this, and other drying methods can also be used.

[0048] In this embodiment, the organic matter is obtained by co-fermenting and composting kitchen waste, agricultural and forestry waste and facultative anaerobic microbial flora. The organic matter has high-energy, diverse and long-lasting functions, which requires that the source of organic matter is a mixed base composed of plant-based and animal-based. Household kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry waste are natural choices.

[0049] Among them, food waste includes food-grade raw materials collected and aged at home, that is, the organic matter comes from the food left over from our families. Using food waste as raw materials can not only solve the problem of difficult disposal of food waste, reduce the amount of organic matter entering landfills, reduce the generation of odors and landfill leachate, but also utilize the organic components in food waste and save costs.

[0050] Agricultural and forestry wastes may include one or more of dead branches, straws, leaves, barks, sawdust, and animal feces, etc. Agricultural and forestry wastes such as straws, dead branches, leaves, and barks have low energy density and are extremely prone to decay after being wetted. The difficulty of large-scale collection, transportation, and storage is very high. The present invention uses agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials to effectively solve the problem of their difficult treatment. Further, agricultural and forestry biomass may include straws, branches and leaves, etc. The particle size of agricultural and forestry organic matter is within 3 cm, and the water content is 25-35%, for example, the water content can be 30%.

[0051] As an option of the present invention, agricultural and forestry biomass and slurry organic matter containing facultative anaerobic fermentation bacteria can be sequentially laid in a fermentation tank; fermentation treatment is carried out using facultative anaerobic fermentation bacteria to obtain organic matter. Among them, the temperature in the fermentation tank is controlled at 30-60 °C, for example, 31 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, 59 °C.

[0052] As another option of the present invention, holes or trenches can be dug in the ground, and then agricultural and forestry biomass and slurry organic matter containing facultative anaerobic fermentation bacteria are filled in the holes or trenches, and then covered with soil, and organic matter is obtained after fermentation.

[0053] Optionally, the mass ratio of facultative anaerobic fermentation bacteria to slurry organic matter can be: 0.05-0.2%:1, for example, 0.001:1, 0.0015:1.

[0054] Optionally, the mass ratio of the slurry organic matter to agricultural and forestry biomass can be 1:3-1:5, for example, 1:4.

[0055] Optionally, the slurry organic matter includes organic matter obtained by pulverizing and pulping food waste; the size of solid particles in the slurry organic matter is not more than 3 cm, for example, 0.3 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 2.9 cm, etc.

[0056] Optionally, in the slurry organic matter:

[0057] The mass fraction of organic matter is 15-25% (wet basis), for example, 16%, 18%, 19.1%, 22%, 24.5%, etc.

[0058] The mass fraction of total nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) is 1-2% (on a wet basis), such as 1.1%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.9%, etc. The mass fraction of total nitrogen (N) is 0.4-0.8% (on a wet basis), such as 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, etc. The mass fraction of organic phosphorus (P2O5) is 0.3-0.7% (on a wet basis), such as 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, etc. The mass fraction of potassium oxide (K2O) is 0.1-0.5% (on a wet basis), such as 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, etc.

[0059] The pH is 5-6.5, such as 5.1, 5.5, 5.9, 6.4, etc.

[0060] The content of sodium (Na) is ≤0.2% (on a wet basis), such as 0.11%, 0.15%, 0.17%, 0.19%, etc.

[0061] The mass fraction of biogenic fulvic acid is 0.8-1.2% (on a wet basis), such as 0.81%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1.1%, etc.

[0062] The mass fraction of total carbon is 6-10% (on a wet basis), such as 6.5%, 7%, 8%, 9.5%, etc.

[0063] In this embodiment, the minerals may include inorganic compounds such as phosphorus (phosphorus pentoxide), potassium (potassium oxide), magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, iron oxide, etc.

[0064] The addition amount of minerals should ensure that in the product: magnesium element ≤3%, sulfur element ≤1.4%, calcium element ≤48%, silicon element ≤11%, iron element ≤0.35%, aluminum element ≤1.3%, and "%" represents mass percentage. The control of the above mineral elements magnesium, silicon and calcium elements on the product forming is also very important. If not within the specified range, the product will be in a loose state or a fragile state and cannot be stably formed.

[0065] In this embodiment, the addition amount of organic matter should ensure that in the product: organic matter ≥10%, total nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) ≥2%, sodium ion ≤0.2%, and pH value 6-8.5.

[0066] In this embodiment, the flora may include yeast, bacillus, acetic acid bacteria, mold, pancreatin, EM beneficial active bacteria, etc. It should be noted that the flora of the present invention can be added according to actual needs. For example, for products used in alpine regions, cold-resistant yeast, etc. are added.

[0067] The addition amount of the flora should ensure that the number of flora in the product (cfu) ≥200 million / kg.

[0068] In this embodiment, the size of the solid artificial black soil includes: 200-500mm in length, 100-500mm in width, and 40-100mm in height. For example: 250mm×125mm×50mm, 240mm×115mm×50mm, 240mm×120mm×60mm, etc. The size is controlled within the above range, which is conducive to the stability of the structure, high consistency of quality, efficient production and manufacturing, convenient transportation and paving, and convenient subsequent maintenance.

[0069] In this embodiment, the density of the solid artificial black soil is 0.29g~0.32g / cm 3 .

[0070] In this embodiment, the maximum water absorption capacity of the solid artificial black soil can be 1 to 1.2 times of its own mass.

[0071] Exemplary Embodiment 2

[0072] The present exemplary embodiment provides a solid artificial black soil.

[0073] The solid artificial black soil is prepared by the method in the above exemplary embodiment 1, and the product is as follows Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 2A and Figure 2B shown.

[0074] Exemplary Embodiment 3

[0075] The present exemplary embodiment provides a solid artificial black soil.

[0076] Solid artificial black soil can be obtained by mixing, molding and drying minerals, organic matter and bacteria.

[0077] In this embodiment, the minerals, organic matter and bacterial flora may be the same as those in the above exemplary embodiment 1.

[0078] In this embodiment, the solid artificial black soil is in block shape, wherein:

[0079] Magnesium ≤ 3%, such as 1%, 2%, 2.9%, etc.;

[0080] Sulfur ≤ 1.4%, such as 0.5%, 1%, 1.3%, etc.;

[0081] Calcium ≤ 48%, such as 20%, 30%, 40%, 47%, etc.;

[0082] Silicon element ≤ 11%, such as 5%, 8%, 10.5%, etc.;

[0083] Iron ≤ 0.35%, such as 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.34%, etc.;

[0084] The aluminum element is ≤ 1.3%, such as 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.29%, etc.;

[0085] The organic matter is ≥ 10%, such as 11%, 15%, 20%, etc.;

[0086] The total nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) are ≥ 2%, such as 2.1%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, 5%, etc.;

[0087] The sodium ion is ≤ 0.2%, such as 0.2%, 0.15%, 0.19%, 0.1%, etc.;

[0088] The flora (cfu) is ≥ 200 million / kg, such as 250 million / kg, 300 million / kg, 400 million / kg, etc.;

[0089] The pH value is 6 - 8.5, such as 6, 7, 7.1, 7.5, 8, 8.4, etc.; among them, a slightly alkaline condition is more beneficial to the growth of plants;

[0090] The moisture is ≤ 40%, such as 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 39%, etc.

[0091] In this embodiment, the solid artificial black soil is a cuboid, and its dimensions include: length 200 - 500 mm, width 100 - 500 mm, height 40 - 100 mm, such as: 250 mm × 125 mm × 50 mm, 240 mm × 115 mm × 50 mm, 240 mm × 120 mm × 60 mm, etc. Of course, in addition to the cuboid, the solid artificial black soil of the present invention can also be made into other shapes, such as rhombic columns, cylinders, animal shapes, etc.

[0092] In this embodiment, the solid artificial black soil can be Figure 3 the porous product as shown, or Figure 4 the non - porous product as shown. Among them, the size of the holes in the porous product is: diameter 5 mm - 100 mm, depth 10 mm - 80 mm.

[0093] Exemplary Embodiment 4

[0094] This exemplary embodiment provides an application of the solid artificial black soil.

[0095] The application may include the applications of the solid artificial black soil in green plant cultivation, vegetable cultivation, road surface repair and greening, etc.

[0096] The greening may include: building roof greening, road slope greening, river slope greening, etc. For example, lay this product on the roof and transplant the lawn, and stop watering when water seeps out from the edge.

[0097] The innovations of the solid artificial black soil of the present invention include: the formation process of natural soil is the aggregate particles formed by the interaction of organic matter, minerals, biological flora and water. The present invention simulates the formation process of natural soil, and artificially arranges and combines minerals, organic matter, flora and water to calculate the form and content of the solid artificial black soil, solving some disadvantages of natural soil in some special application scenarios, such as poor water retention, poor fertilizer retention and fast loss on the greening of building roofs, etc. It realizes the qualitative, quantitative and shaped provision of different artificial black soils according to different scenarios, provides a growth base for lean greening, and has functions such as preventing surface runoff, water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention.

[0098] Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that various modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A preparation method of solid artificial black soil, characterized in that, The solid artificial black soil is in block form, wherein the magnesium element ≤ 3%, sulfur element ≤ 1.4%, calcium element ≤ 48%, silicon element ≤ 11%, iron element ≤ 0.35%, aluminum element ≤ 1.3%, sodium ion ≤ 0.2%, pH value 6 - 8.5, moisture content ≤ 40%; The method comprises the following steps: Mix minerals, organic matter, microbial flora and water evenly to obtain a mixture; Process the mixture into a formed body to obtain a green body; Dry the green body to obtain the solid artificial black soil; Among them, the organic matter is obtained by the synergistic fermentation and decomposition of kitchen waste, agricultural and forestry and animal husbandry waste and facultative anaerobic microbial flora.

2. The preparation method of the solid artificial black soil according to claim 1, wherein, In the solid artificial black soil, the organic matter ≥ 10%, N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 2%, and the microbial flora ≥ 200 million / Kg.

3. The preparation method of the solid artificial black soil according to claim 1, wherein, The agricultural and forestry and animal husbandry waste includes one or more of withered branches, straws, leaves, barks, sawdust and animal feces; and / or The microbial flora includes at least one of yeast, bacillus, acetic acid bacteria, mold, pancreatic enzyme and EM beneficial active bacteria.

4. The preparation method of the solid artificial black soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass of the water is 2 - 4 times the mass of the minerals; Calculated according to the sum of the mass parts of the minerals, organic matter and microbial flora being 100 parts, the minerals are 30 - 50 mass parts.

5. The preparation method of the solid artificial black soil according to claim 1, wherein, The dimensions of the solid artificial black soil include: length 200 - 500 mm, width 100 - 500 mm, height 40 - 100 mm.

6. A solid artificial black soil, characterized in that, It is obtained by mixing, forming and drying a variety of raw materials; among them, the variety of raw materials include: minerals, organic matter and microbial flora, and the organic matter includes the organic matter obtained from the treatment of kitchen waste; The solid artificial black soil is in block form, wherein the magnesium element ≤ 3%, sulfur element ≤ 1.4%, calcium element ≤ 48%, silicon element ≤ 11%, iron element ≤ 0.35%, aluminum element ≤ 1.3%, organic matter ≥ 10%, N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 2%, sodium ion ≤ 0.2%, microbial flora ≥ 200 million / Kg, pH value 6 - 8.5, moisture content ≤ 40%.

7. The solid artificial black soil according to claim 6, wherein, The solid artificial black soil is in block form, with a length of 200 - 500 mm, a width of 100 - 500 mm, and a height of 40 - 100 mm.

8. The solid artificial black soil according to claim 6, characterized in that, On one surface of the solid artificial black soil, a plurality of non - through holes are provided.

9. The solid artificial black soil according to claim 6, characterized in that, The organic matter is obtained by the synergistic fermentation and decomposition of kitchen waste, agricultural and forestry and animal husbandry waste and facultative anaerobic microbial flora.

10. Application of the solid artificial black soil according to any one of claims 6 to 9 in greening, land renovation or plant cultivation.

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