Gastrodia elata pollen taking and pollinating method and device

Abstract

The method comprises the following steps: sucking pollen blocks and shells of the pollen blocks through a pollen taking rod head with the negative pressure of-5 to-10 kPa, and temporarily storing the pollen blocks and the shells of the pollen blocks in a pollen tank; according to the number of the sucked pollen blocks, the tuber powder is injected into a pollen tank according to the standard that the mass ratio of the number of the pollen blocks to the dried gastrodia elata tuber powder is 1: 2; mixing and crushing the pollen blocks, shells and tuber powder; and spraying the mixed powder to the stigma of the tendrilleaf loosestrife herb through an atomizing nozzle. By means of the innovative pollen taking and pollination method, the efficiency and precision of gastrodia elata pollination are remarkably improved, and the problems that traditional artificial pollination personnel are high in requirement, low in efficiency, high in cost, unstable in pollination effect and prone to pollution are effectively solved. By mixing the gastrodia elata pollen, the gastrodia elata tuber powder and the germination aid, the vigor of the seeds is effectively guaranteed, and powerful support is provided for large-scale planting and industrial development of gastrodia elata.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine breeding, and particularly relates to an efficient pollination method and an integrated device for Gastrodia elata Blume Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata Blume Gastrodia elata As the original species of Gastrodia elata Blume specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2025 Edition), it has remarkable effects such as calming endogenous wind and stopping convulsions, suppressing liver yang, and expelling wind and dredging collaterals. It is widely used and highly valuable in the medical field, and the industry has developed rapidly in recent years. In 2023, Gastrodia elata Blume was included in the national catalog of homologous medicines and foods. The national planting area exceeded 600,000 mu, with an annual output of about 9 million tons of fresh Gastrodia elata Blume, and the annual comprehensive output value reached as high as 100 billion yuan

[0003] However, the current Gastrodia elata Blume planting industry faces many challenges in the pollination link. The flower structure of Gastrodia elata Blume is unique, being a wrapped tubular corolla. The stigma of the pistil is located at the lower part of the gynostemium, and the pollen exists in the form of an adhesive mass of pollen under the operculum and is located at the top of the gynostemium (see Figures 1 to 3 ), which makes Gastrodia elata Blume mainly rely on insect pollination in nature, while only manual pollination can be used in the artificial planting environment

[0004] The traditional manual pollination process is cumbersome and complex, requiring three steps: picking the pollen mass with a bamboo stick in sequence, peeling open the tubular corolla to expose the stigma, and applying the pollen to the stigma for pollination. This method is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also requires extremely high binocular vision, dexterity of hands and feet, and experience of pollination personnel, resulting in high costs. The artificial cost per single fruit is 0.1 - 0.2 yuan, accounting for about 30% of the total cost of a single fruit. In addition, the pollination effect is extremely unstable. Due to the alternating use of pollination bamboo sticks between different male and female parents and the increasing error rate due to long-term operation fatigue, it is extremely easy to cause pollen confusion and cross-pollution between parents, which in turn leads to impure seeds in large quantities in the Gastrodia elata Blume market, ultimately affecting the stability of Gastrodia elata Blume yield and severely restricting the further high-quality development of the Gastrodia elata Blume industry

[0005] Under this background, it is particularly urgent and crucial to develop a new method and supporting device that can improve the pollination efficiency and accuracy of Gastrodia elata Blume, reduce costs, and stabilize the pollination effect Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an innovative process means and machinery to improve the pollination efficiency and accuracy, so as to solve the industrial pain points such as low efficiency, high cost, and unstable pollination effect existing in the existing artificial pollination method of Gastrodia elata Blume, and further promote the sustainable development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry

[0007] Through long-term exploration, attempts, as well as multiple experiments and efforts, and continuous reform and innovation, in order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is to provide a method for collecting and pollinating Gastrodia elata pollen, including the following steps: (a) Within 18 - 32 hours when the perianth tube diameter of Gastrodia elata flower opens to more than 5 mm, or within 24 hours since there are obvious signs of separation between the pollinia and the stigma of the gynostemium, use a pollen collection rod head with a negative pressure of -5 to -10 kPa to suck the pollinia and its anther cap, and temporarily store them in a pollen tank; (b) Crush the pollinia and anther cap to a particle size of 10 - 25 μm; (c) According to the number of sucked pollinia, inject the tuber powder into the pollen tank according to the standard that the mass ratio of the number of pollinia to the dry Gastrodia elata tuber powder is 1:2; the density of the tuber powder is 0.44 - 0.46 g / mL, and the particle size ≤ 25 μm; mix the pollinia, anther cap, and tuber powder evenly; (d) Within 0 - 24 hours when the perianth tube diameter of Gastrodia elata flower opens to more than 5 mm, spray the mixed powder onto the stigma of Gastrodia elata flower through an atomizing nozzle with a positive pressure of 0.2 - 0.5 MPa. The powder spraying rod head is inserted into the perianth tube at half of the depth at the upper part of the labellum. The single - flower pollination time is 1 - 1.5 seconds, and the number of pollen grains adhered to the stigma ≥ 50 grains.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of Gastrodia elata pollination through an innovative pollen collection and pollination method, effectively solving the problems of high requirements for personnel, low efficiency, high cost, unstable pollination effect, and easy contamination in traditional manual pollination. Using negative pressure to suck pollen and combining with an automated device for mixing, crushing, and precise spraying not only greatly improves the pollination efficiency and reduces the operation difficulty, but also avoids pollen confusion and contamination between parents. In addition, by mixing Gastrodia elata pollen with Gastrodia elata tuber powder and germination aids, the vitality of seeds is effectively guaranteed, providing strong support for the large - scale cultivation and industrial development of Gastrodia elata.

[0009] On the basis of the above - mentioned technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Further: In the step (a), the outer diameter of the pollen collection rod head is below 0.5 mm, the inner diameter is 0.3 - 0.4 mm, and the single - time suction lasts for 0.5 - 1.5 seconds.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above - mentioned further technical solution are as follows: Compared with the prior art, further defining the outer diameter, inner diameter, and single - time suction duration of the pollen collection rod head can more precisely control the pollen collection amount and efficiency, ensure the high efficiency and quality of pollen collection, reduce the risk of pollen loss and contamination at the same time, and lay a good foundation for subsequent mixing, crushing, and precise pollination.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Further: When the mixed pollen mixture is stored at -20°C in step (c), the germination rate ≥ 80% and the storage time ≥ 12 months.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solutions are: By storing the mixed pollen mixture at -20°C, it can ensure that its germination rate ≥ 80% and the storage time ≥ 12 months, effectively extending the service life of the pollen, improving the storage stability and practicability of the pollen, and providing a more flexible time arrangement and a more reliable pollen supply for the pollination work of Gastrodia elata.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows: In step (c), sucrose and boric acid powder are also added to the tuber powder as germination aids.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of sucrose is 10% of the pollen mixture.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of boric acid is 0.5% of the pollen mixture.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solutions are: Adding germination aids can more precisely regulate the germination environment of pollen, improve pollen viability and pollination efficiency.

[0017] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Further: In step (d), the pollination ratio is configured as 1:2 for one pollen mass block corresponding to one pistil, and the dilution concentration of the mixed powder is 1×10 4 ~1×10 6 grains / mL.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solutions are: Precisely configuring the pollination ratio as 1:2 for one pollen mass block corresponding to one pistil and controlling the dilution concentration of the mixed powder at 1×10 4 ~1×10 6 grains / mL can effectively balance the pollination efficiency and pollen utilization rate, ensure sufficient pollination while avoiding pollen waste, thereby improving the yield and quality of seeds, and at the same time adapting to the pollination requirements of different varieties, enhancing the applicability and flexibility of the method.

[0019] The present invention also provides a Gastrodia elata pollen extraction and pollination device for implementing the above method, including: A high-pressure blower module configured to switchably generate an air pressure of -10 kPa to 0.5 MPa; An anti-sticking pipeline system with an inner wall coated with an anti-sticking coating, including a powder-taking rod head and a powder-spraying rod head that are detachably connected; A precision metering module, including a powder tank and a precision screw driven by a stepper motor, configured to output 0.01 μL of dry tuber powder per pulse; A pollen processing module, including a crushing rotor; A control unit, connected to an optical counter, a pressure sensor, a distance sensor, and an electric push rod, for regulating powder-taking and pollination parameters.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solutions are: The gastrodia elata powder-taking and pollination device provided by the present invention realizes the automation, precision, and high efficiency of gastrodia elata pollination by integrating a high-pressure blower module, an anti-sticking pipeline system, a precision metering module, a pollen processing module, and a control unit. This device can not only effectively solve the problems of low efficiency of traditional manual pollination, easy confusion of pollen, and mutual contamination of parents, but also ensure the stability and consistency of the pollination process by precisely regulating powder-taking and pollination parameters, thereby significantly improving the pollination effect and seed quality of gastrodia elata, and providing advanced technical support for the large-scale planting and industrial development of gastrodia elata.

[0021] On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Further: The outer diameter of the powder-taking rod head is 0.48 ± 0.02 mm, the inner diameter is 0.3 to 0.4 mm, and the length is ≥ 10 mm; The powder-spraying rod head is integrated with an atomizing sheet with a pore diameter of 50 μm.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solutions are: Further defining the precise size of the powder-taking rod head and the pore diameter of the atomizing sheet of the powder-spraying rod head can more precisely control the pollen amount and distribution during the powder-taking and pollination processes, ensure the high efficiency of powder-taking and the uniformity of pollination, thereby further improving the pollination success rate and the reliability of the device, and enhancing the stability and consistency of gastrodia elata pollination.

[0023] Further: The pitch of the precision screw is 0.5 ± 0.05 mm.

[0024] On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Further: The control unit is configured as: When the optical counter detects 10 pollen masses, trigger 43 pulses of the screw motor; During the pollination stage, the electric push rod is automatically adjusted to keep the distance between the powder spraying rod head and the style at 1 / 2 of the depth of the perigonium tube in cm.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are as follows: By accurately detecting the number of pollinia through an optoelectronic counter and triggering specific pulses of the screw motor, and combining the automatic adjustment of the distance between the powder spraying rod head and the style by the electric push rod, the automatic precise control of the pollination process is realized, effectively improving the accuracy and consistency of pollination, reducing the manual operation error, and enhancing the pollination efficiency and success rate.

[0026] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Furthermore: The anti-sticking coating is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are as follows: Adopting the polytetrafluoroethylene anti-sticking coating can significantly reduce the adhesion of pollinia and powder in the pipeline, ensure the smoothness of the pollen collection and pollination processes, reduce pollen loss, and improve the cleaning efficiency of the device and the accuracy of pollination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a photo of the style of Gastrodia elata. Figure 1 In it, a is the anther cap, which wraps the pollinia below, and b is the pollination area.

[0030] Figure 2 It is the anther cap and pollinia peeled from the gynostemium.

[0031] Figure 3 It is the pollinia with the anther cap removed.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a comparison diagram of powder spraying and manual pollination of the same Gastrodia elata plant. Figure 4 In it, A is powder spraying pollination, and B is manual pollination.

[0033] Figure 5 It is the fruits obtained by different pollination treatments. Figure 5 In it, a is 1:2, b is 1:4, c is 1:1, and the pollination ratio is one pollinium corresponding to one pistil.

[0034] Figure 6 It is a structural block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the gastrodia elata pollen extraction and pollination device of the present invention.

[0035] The markings in the figure are respectively: 100 High-pressure blower module, 200 Anti-sticking pipeline system, 210 Pollen extraction rod head, 220 Powder spraying rod head, 230 Electric push rod, 300 Precision metering module, 310 Precision screw, 400 Pollen processing module, 410 Crushing rotor, 500 Control unit, 510 Photoelectric counter, 520 Distance sensor. Specific implementation mode

[0036] The following is an explanation in combination with specific embodiments.

[0037] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments in the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all equipment and raw materials can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in this industry. The methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in this field.

[0039] Example 1 The method for extracting and pollinating gastrodia elata pollen described in this embodiment is as follows in detail.

[0040] I. Test materials Wufeng black gastrodia flowering plants: as the pollination object.

[0041] Dried gastrodia elata tuber powder: 80 mesh, particle size ≤ 100 μm, density 0.45 g / mL.

[0042] II. Test design Test methods: Divided into two methods: powder spraying pollination and artificial pollination.

[0043] Pollination amount treatment: Powder spraying pollination: Set three treatments with pollination amounts of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4.

[0044] Conventional artificial pollination: Set a treatment with a pollination amount of 1:1.

[0045] The pollination amount is the number of pollen grains per single pistil.

[0046] Number of repetitions: Each treatment is repeated three times to ensure the reliability of the experimental data.

[0047] III. Operation steps of powder spraying pollination (I) Pollen collection steps Perform pollen collection within 18 - 32 h when the perianth tube diameter of Gastrodia elata Blume opens to more than 5 mm, or within 24 h from the time when there is an obvious separation sign between the pollinia and the stigma of the gynostemium.

[0048] Use the pollen collection rod head (outer diameter 0.48 mm, inner diameter 0.35 mm) to align with the pollinia at the top of the gynostemium of Gastrodia elata Blume.

[0049] Trigger negative pressure adsorption (-8 kPa, for 1 second) to inhale the pollinia and anther cap; Pollinate 32 flowers for each treatment.

[0050] (II) Pollen pulverization steps Pulverize the pollinia and anther cap to a particle size below 25 μm. In the experiment of this embodiment, due to the small sample size, the pollinia and anther cap were actually pulverized by manual grinding.

[0051] (III) Preparation steps of pollen mixture According to the number of absorbed pollinia, inject dry Gastrodia elata Blume tuber powder into the pollen can according to the standard of the mass ratio of pollinia to dry Gastrodia elata Blume tuber powder being 1:2, and the particle size of the dry Gastrodia elata Blume tuber powder is ≤25 μm. Mix the pollinia, anther cap, and tuber powder evenly.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, add 10% sucrose and 0.05% boric acid powder by weight as germination aids to the mixture of pollinia, anther cap, and tuber powder, and mix evenly.

[0053] (IV)Pollination steps Insert the powder spraying head into the corolla tube from above the labellum, 4 cm away from the stigma; Trigger atomized powder spraying (air pressure 0.3 MPa, for 1.2 seconds).

[0054] Microscopic sampling investigation shows that the pollination amount of 10 pistils in the 1:2 treatment is 58 ± 12 grains.

[0055] According to different pollination amount treatments, adjust the ratio of a single pollinia to a single pistil to 1:1, 1:2, or 1:4, and control the dilution concentration of the mixed powder at 1×10 4 ~1×10 6 grains / mL.

[0056] IV. Test Results The results of the 1:2 treatment and the conventional artificial pollination treatment are as Figure 4 shown. The single capsules of the three treatments of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:1 are as Figure 5 shown.

[0057] Figure 4 In it, the upper section A is the 1:2 treatment of powder spraying pollination, and the lower section B is the 1:1 treatment of conventional artificial pollination. The fruit setting rate of the 1:2 treatment of powder spraying pollination (upper section A) is significantly better than that of the 1:1 treatment of conventional artificial pollination (lower section B). This shows that the powder spraying pollination method of this embodiment can effectively improve the fruit setting rate of Gastrodia elata, and thus increase the yield of Gastrodia elata. The test shows that powder spraying pollination can distribute pollen more evenly, increase the amount of pollen on the stigma, thereby increasing the fertilization rate and fruit setting rate; powder spraying pollination can reduce the damage to flower organs or uneven pollination caused by improper manual operation, and improve the success rate of pollination.

[0058] Figure 5 In it, a is the 1:2 treatment, b is the 1:4 treatment, c is the 1:1 treatment, and the pollination ratio is a single pollinia corresponding to a single pistil. Figure 5 As shown, the capsule a (pollination amount 1:2) is plump and has a uniform color, and this pollination amount helps the full development of the capsule.

[0059] The detection results of the single capsule seed weight, embryo length-width ratio, embryo volume, and seed vigor of the four treatments are shown in Table 1 below.

[0060] Table 1 Detection results of single capsule seed quality Table 1 shows the effects of different pollination methods and pollination amounts on relevant indicators of Gastrodia elata seeds. The weight of a single fruit treated with a 1:1 spray was 0.0167 g, the length-to-width ratio of the embryo was 1.55, the embryo volume was 1.938×10⁻³mm³, and the seed vitality was 46.3%. The weight of a single fruit treated with a 1:2 spray was slightly reduced to 0.0161 g, the length-to-width ratio of the embryo was increased to 1.57, the embryo volume was 1.921×10⁻³mm³, and the seed vitality was increased to 47.2%, indicating that it can maintain good seed quality and vitality while reducing the amount of pollen. The weight of a single fruit and the embryo volume of the 1:4 spray were significantly reduced, and the seed vitality also decreased, indicating that insufficient pollen will affect the pollination effect. The single fruit weight of the artificial pollination 1:1 treatment was 0.0159g, the embryo length-width ratio was 1.59, the embryo volume was 1.881×10⁻³mm³, and the seed vigor was 47.7%. The seed vigor was the highest but not much different from the 1:2 treatment of dusting. However, the fruit setting rate of this treatment was significantly lower than that of the dusting treatment. Overall, the 1:2 treatment of dusting achieved a good balance between seed weight, embryo volume and seed vigor, and was an efficient pollination method.

[0061] The 1:2 powder spraying treatment showed good effects in terms of single capsule seed weight, embryo volume and seed vitality, and was able to reduce the amount of pollen while maintaining high seed quality and vitality.

[0062] The method of the present invention innovatively collects the pollen cap together, eliminating the cumbersome steps of separating the pollen block from the anther cap, simplifying the operation process, and improving work efficiency. During the pollen collection process, the anther cap is sucked in together with the pollen block along with the negative pressure, which not only reduces the pollen loss, but also because of the crushing effect of the anther cap, it can act as a diluent of a certain proportion, and work together with the dry Gastrodia tuber powder, further optimizing the composition and performance of the pollen mixture.

[0063] The dried Gastrodia elata tuber powder used is a non-exogenous substance and has a natural affinity with Gastrodia elata pollen. It will not have a negative impact on pollen vitality, ensuring the activity and pollination effect of the pollen. This natural diluent not only reduces pollen concentration and prevents over-pollination, but may also improve pollen pollination ability and seed quality due to synergistic effects with pollen.

[0064] Example 2 This embodiment describes a Gastrodia elata pollination and pollination device to achieve intelligent operation in the method described in Example 1.

[0065] See also Figure 6 In this embodiment, an intelligent pollination and extraction device for Gastrodia elata is composed of the following modules: High-pressure fan module 100: provides a switchable air pressure range from -10 kPa to 0.5 MPa, and supplies stable power for powder collection (negative pressure) and powder spraying (positive pressure) operations. The high-pressure fan module 100 consists of a fan that provides a power source and a switching device that controls the air pressure. Its air pressure adjustment range is -10 kPa to 0.5 MPa, which can meet the negative pressure requirements when collecting powder and the positive pressure requirements when spraying powder. The module is connected to the anti-sticking pipeline system through a pipeline to ensure a stable airflow supply. In one embodiment, the high-pressure fan module uses a micro brushless motor to drive a dual air pressure chamber, and switches the negative pressure (-10kPa) and positive pressure (0.5 MPa) air flow channels through a three-way solenoid valve; the built-in PID controller adjusts the motor speed in real time to ensure that the air pressure fluctuation is ≤±0.5 kPa (adapting to the precise pressure requirements of powder collection / powder spraying).

[0066] Anti-stick pipe system 200: The inner wall is coated with a tetrafluoroethylene anti-stick coating (thickness ≥ 5 μm) to ensure smooth and unobstructed pollen transmission. It includes a detachable pollen collecting rod head 210 and a powder spraying rod head 220, wherein the outer diameter of the pollen collecting rod head 210 is 0.48±0.02mm, the inner diameter is between 0.3 and 0.4 mm, and the length is ≥10 mm; the powder spraying rod head 220 is integrated with a titanium alloy atomizing sheet with an aperture of 50 μm to ensure uniform pollen spraying.

[0067] Precision metering module 300: The core component is the precision screw 310 with a pitch of 0.5±0.05 mm. The precision screw (also called precision screw valve) is driven by a stepper motor. With a 10 mL powder tank, it can store dry Gastrodia tuber powder with a particle size of ≤100 μm, and achieve high-precision metering of 0.01 μL powder output per pulse. The stepper motor outputs 0.01 μL of dry tuber powder per pulse (accuracy ±0.001 μL), realizing the automatic proportioning of pollen mass and powder at a mass ratio of 1:0.43 mg, that is, 1 pollen mass is proportioned with 0.43g powder.

[0068] The pollen processing module 400 includes a 304 stainless steel crushing rotor 410. The crushing rotor 410 crushes the mixture into a particle size of 10-25 μm at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm.

[0069] Control Unit 500: It is connected to the photoelectric counter 510, distance sensor 520, and pressure sensor, and monitors and regulates the negative / positive pressure intensity in real time. The photoelectric counter 510 is a photoelectric sensor used to count the number of pollen blocks inhaled during the pollen collection process in real time. When the preset number is reached, it triggers the powder addition mechanism. When the photoelectric counter 510 detects every 10 pollen blocks, it triggers the precision screw 310 to output 43 pulses, and each pulse outputs 0.01 μL of dry tuber powder, automatically adding the corresponding amount of tuber powder. During the pollination stage, the distance between the powder spraying rod head and the style is dynamically adjusted through the electric push rod 230. The electric push rod 230 is an actuator that converts the rotational motion of the motor into a linear motion. In this device, it is used to dynamically adjust the spatial position of the powder spraying rod head to precisely control the distance between it and the style and maintain it within the range of 4 ± 1 cm, thus ensuring the accuracy of pollination.

[0070] Pollen Collection Stage: Align the pollen collection rod head 210 with the pollen block, turn on the high-pressure blower module 100, switch to the -8 kPa negative pressure state and maintain it for 1 second, so that the pollen block together with the anther cap is inhaled into the pollen collection rod head.

[0071] The photoelectric counter 510 counts the number of inhaled pollen blocks in real time. When the preset number (such as 10 blocks) is reached, it triggers the process of adding dry tuber powder.

[0072] Crushing and Diluting Stage: The control unit 500 calculates the amount of dry gastrodia tuber powder to be added according to the number of pollen blocks (for example, 10 pollen blocks correspond to adding 4.3 mg of powder).

[0073] The crushing rotor 410 operates at a speed of 3000 rpm, mixing and crushing the pollen blocks, anther caps, and tuber powder into a uniformly mixed powder with a particle size of 10 - 25 μm.

[0074] Pollination Stage: The distance sensor 520 accurately locates the position of the style, and the electric push rod 230 dynamically adjusts the spatial position of the powder spraying rod head 220 according to the feedback signal, so that the distance between it and the style is maintained at about 4 cm.

[0075] The high-pressure blower module 100 switches to 0.3 MPa positive pressure, drives atomized powder spraying, and lasts for 1.2 seconds to ensure that a sufficient amount of pollen is accurately sprayed onto the stigma surface to complete the pollination process.

[0076] In this embodiment, the duration of pollen absorption and pollination can be controlled by at least any one of the following methods, that is, after triggering the start of the high-pressure blower, the high-pressure blower stops running after the negative pressure state lasts for 1 second or the positive pressure lasts for 1.2 seconds: A) Microcontroller timer. The embedded MCU (such as STM32) has a built-in 16-bit hardware timer, and the minimum timing unit is 0.1 μs; B) Programmable logic device. The FPGA generates high-precision clock pulses with an error of < ±5 ppm; C) Time relay module. An industrial-grade time relay (such as Omron H3CR), which supports setting at the 0.01-second level and has a response delay of ≤10 ms.

[0077] In terms of the comparison of powder collection and pollination efficiency, artificial pollination requires one-by-one operation: collecting pollen, peeling petals, and applying stigma. Each person can only complete 40 Gastrodia elata plants (about 70 flowers per plant) per day, totaling about 2,800 flowers. The artificial cost for a single fruit is 0.1 - 0.2 yuan, accounting for about 30% of the total cost of a single fruit.

[0078] Taking a single Gastrodia elata plant (70 flowers) as an example: Manual operation: The time taken from powder collection to pollination ≈ 84 minutes (70 flowers × 1.2 minutes / flower); Device timing control: Powder collection: 70 flowers × 1 second / flower = 70 seconds; Pollination: 70 flowers × 1.2 seconds / flower = 84 seconds; The total time taken ≤ 3 minutes (including equipment switching), and the efficiency is increased by 2,800%.

[0079] In the scenario of large-scale use, using the method and device of the present invention can process at least 11,200 flowers (160 plants) per day (8 hours), which is 300% higher than the 40 plants by manual operation.

[0080] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that "-" and "~" represent the range between two numerical values, and this range includes the endpoints. For example: "A - B" represents a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B. "A ~ B" represents a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B.

[0081] In the description of the present invention, the term "and / or" herein only describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0082] In the description of the invention, the numerical values such as time, temperature, ratio, and mass involved can be based on actual measurements, equipment standard parameters, simplified rounding results, or within an acceptable error range, ensuring the practicability and reproducibility of the invention.

[0083] In the description of the present invention, the term "about" or "approximately" is used to express an approximation of a numerical value or range, allowing for a certain degree of error to ensure the flexibility and practicality of the description while remaining within an acceptable error range, with a maximum error range not exceeding 10% of the corresponding numerical value or numerical range.

[0084] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the scope defined in the claims. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collecting and pollinating Gastrodia elata pollen, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (a) Within 18 - 32 h when the perianth tube caliber of the Gastrodia elata flower opens to be greater than 5 mm, or within 24 h since there are obvious signs of separation between the pollinia and the stigma of the gynostemium, suck the pollinia and its anther cap with a pollen suction rod head with a negative pressure of -5 to -10 kPa, and temporarily store them in a pollen tank; (b) Crush the pollinia and anther cap to a particle size of 10 - 25 μm; (c) According to the number of sucked pollinia, inject the tuber powder into the pollen tank according to the standard that the mass ratio of the number of pollinia to the dry Gastrodia elata tuber powder is 1:2; the density of the tuber powder is 0.44 - 0.46 g / mL, and the particle size ≤ 25 μm; mix the pollinia, anther cap, and tuber powder evenly; (d) Within 0 - 24 h when the perianth tube caliber of the Gastrodia elata flower opens to be greater than 5 mm, spray the mixed powder onto the stigma of the Gastrodia elata flower through an atomizing nozzle with a positive pressure of 0.2 - 0.5 MPa. The powder spraying rod head is inserted into the perianth tube at half of the depth at the upper part of the labellum. The single - flower pollination time is 1 - 1.5 seconds, and the number of pollen grains adhered to the stigma ≥ 50 grains.

2. The method for collecting and pollinating gastrodia elata pollen according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (a), the outer diameter of the pollen suction rod head is below 0.5 mm, the inner diameter is 0.3 - 0.4 mm, and the single - time suction lasts for 0.5 - 1.5 seconds.

3. The method for extracting and pollinating gastrodia elata pollen according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (c), when the mixed pollen mixture is stored at -20 °C, the germination rate ≥ 80%, and the storage time ≥ 12 months.

4. The gastrodia elata pollen collection and pollination method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (c), sucrose and boric acid powder are also added to the tuber powder as germination aids.

5. The method for extracting and pollinating gastrodia elata pollen according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the said step (d), the pollination ratio is configured as 1:2 for a single pollen mass corresponding to a single pistil, and the dilution concentration of the mixed powder is 1×10 4 ~1×10 6 grains / mL.

6. A Gastrodia elata powder extraction and pollination device for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It includes: A high - pressure blower module configured to switch and generate an air pressure of -10 kPa to 0.5 MPa; An anti - sticking pipeline system with an inner wall coated with an anti - sticking coating, including a detachable pollen suction rod head and a powder spraying rod head; A precision metering module including a powder tank and a precision screw driven by a stepping motor, configured to output 0.01 μL of dry tuber powder per pulse; A pollen processing module including a crushing rotor; A control unit connected to an optical - electric counter, a pressure sensor, a distance sensor, and an electric push rod, used to regulate the pollen suction and pollination parameters.

7. The gastrodia elata powder extraction and pollination device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the pollen suction rod head is 0.48 ± 0.02 mm, the inner diameter is 0.3 - 0.4 mm, and the length ≥ 10 mm; The powder spraying rod head is integrated with an atomizing sheet with a pore diameter of 50 μm.

8. The gastrodia elata powder extraction and pollination device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pitch of the precision screw is 0.5 ± 0.05 mm.

9. The gastrodia elata powder extraction and pollination device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit is configured as follows: When the optical - electric counter detects 10 pollinia, trigger 43 pulses of the screw motor; In the pollination stage, automatically adjust the electric push rod to keep the distance between the powder spraying rod head and the style column at half of the depth of the perianth tube cm.

10. The gastrodia elata powder extraction and pollination device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The anti - sticking coating is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

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