Internal venous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressurization exercise monitoring integrated system

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal venous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressurization exercise monitoring integrated system. The system comprises a wearable host device, a sound collection assembly, a sound amplification assembly, a pressurization assembly and a control unit. The host device is worn on the forearm of a patient and positioned in an internal fistula blood vessel area, the sound collection assembly is used for collecting blood vessel sound signals and converting the blood vessel sound signals into electric signals, the sound amplification assembly is used for playing blood vessel sound, and real-time auditory monitoring of smoothness is achieved. The pressurizing assembly applies pressure within a preset time period to assist in vasodilatation exercise. The control unit drives the pressurization assembly to implement pressurization and release according to an exercise mode and timing parameters set by a user, and monitors pressure change and vascular response; and processing and analyzing the blood vessel sound signal, judging the blood vessel state and outputting feedback or prompt information. The system integrates sound monitoring, individualized exercise and blood vessel evaluation, is beneficial for improving the maturation efficiency and long-term patency of internal fistula, and is suitable for preoperative training, postoperative rehabilitation and patency management of hemodialysis patients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of medical technology, and particularly to an integrated system for amplifying vascular sounds and monitoring pressurized exercise of arteriovenous fistulas. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, to promote the maturation and maintain the patency of arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, clinically, methods such as artificial pressure balls, rubber straps, or manual grip training are usually used to exercise the affected limb to guide vein dilation and promote hemodynamic improvement. At the same time, medical staff usually use a stethoscope to manually listen to the vascular murmurs at the fistula site to judge the patency of the fistula and whether there are abnormalities such as stenosis or occlusion.

[0003] However, the prior art has problems such as exercise methods relying on manual operation, difficult to ensure the exercise frequency, lack of precision in pressure control, subjectivity in collecting vascular sounds, lack of continuous recording and objective evaluation, etc., making it difficult to provide long-term, regular, and personalized exercise guidance and patency monitoring for patients, resulting in low fistula maturation efficiency and high complication rates, increasing the hospitalization frequency and medical burden of patients.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a device that can integrate functions of vascular sound collection, amplified sound output, automatic pressure control, and patency evaluation to improve the efficiency and reliability of fistula management in hemodialysis patients. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides an integrated system for amplifying vascular sounds and monitoring pressurized exercise of arteriovenous fistulas to improve the efficiency and reliability of fistula management in hemodialysis patients.

[0006] The present application provides an integrated system for amplifying vascular sounds and monitoring pressurized exercise of arteriovenous fistulas, including:

[0007] A wearable host device for wearing on the patient's forearm and positioning above the arteriovenous fistula vessel;

[0008] A sound collection component configured to detect the vascular sound signal generated by the patient's arteriovenous fistula vessel and convert the vascular sound signal into an electrical signal;

[0009] An amplified sound component for amplifying and outputting the vascular sound signal obtained by the sound collection component to achieve auditory monitoring of the patency of the arteriovenous fistula vessel;

[0010] A pressurization component configured to apply pressure to the wearing part within a set time period to guide the dilation of the arteriovenous fistula vessel;

[0011] A control unit, configured to obtain the exercise mode and timing parameters selected by the user; drive the pressurizing component to perform pressure loading and release under the control of the obtained user data; monitor the pressure change and vascular dilation response during pressurization; judge the exercise effect and vascular patency based on the monitored data, and send a prompt message when an abnormality occurs; process and analyze the sound signals of the sound collection component to judge the characteristic changes of vascular sounds, and output feedback information related to the vascular state.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this application mainly include: (1) Through the cooperation of the sound collection component and the sound amplification component, the murmur of the internal fistula blood vessel can be amplified and externally played in real time, enabling medical staff or patients to identify whether the blood vessel is unobstructed without using a stethoscope, which helps to early identify the risk of stenosis or occlusion and improve the monitoring efficiency and convenience. (2) The system automatically performs pressurization and release operations through the control unit, and realizes personalized adjustment in combination with the exercise mode and timing parameters selected by the user, avoiding human operation errors, improving the regularity and controllability of exercise, and promoting the effective dilation and maturation of the internal fistula blood vessel. (3) The system collects the pressure change and vascular sound signals in real time during exercise, and judges the patency and exercise effect based on data analysis. If an abnormality is found, the user can be reminded in time, so as to realize dynamic monitoring and risk warning, and enhance safety and intervention timeliness. (4) The integrated wearable design simplifies the usage process of patients. The system can guide patients to complete exercise tasks on time through the prompt function, improve daily cooperation, and at the same time has the potential to expand remote data transmission and doctor evaluation interfaces, supporting long-term management and follow-up needs. Description of the Drawings

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated system for amplifying the sound of the internal jugular vein fistula and monitoring pressurization exercise provided by the first embodiment of this application. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0014] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited by the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0015] The first embodiment of this application provides an integrated system for amplifying the sound of the internal jugular vein fistula and monitoring pressurization exercise. Please refer to Figure 1 , this figure is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of this application. The following combines Figure 1 to describe in detail an integrated system for amplifying the sound of the internal jugular vein fistula and monitoring pressurization exercise provided by the first embodiment of this application.

[0016] The integrated system for amplifying vascular sound of arteriovenous fistula and monitoring pressure exercise includes a wearable main device 101, a sound collection component 102, a sound amplification component 103, a pressure application component 104 and a control unit 105.

[0017] The wearable main device 101 is used to be worn on the forearm of a patient and positioned above the arteriovenous fistula vessel.

[0018] In the integrated system for amplifying vascular sound of arteriovenous fistula and monitoring pressure exercise provided in this embodiment, the wearable main device 101 constitutes the core bearing platform of the system. It is not only the integrated carrier of each functional component, but also the basic structure that contacts the patient's skin surface and realizes positioning, fitting and comfortable wearing. The main device 101 is specially designed to be worn on the forearm of a hemodialysis patient and accurately positioned above the arteriovenous fistula area to ensure that functional components such as the sound collection component, the pressure application component and the control unit can act on the target blood vessel efficiently and accurately.

[0019] Specifically, the main device 101 is made of a flexible skin-friendly material and combined with an ergonomic wristband wearing structure to achieve skin comfort and mechanical stability during long-term wearing. The shape of the main device 101 can refer to the outline of a smart watch, including a bottom case, an upper cover, a fixing band and an adjustable binding mechanism. The bottom case area is provided with an installation groove or a receiving cavity for accommodating modules such as the sound collection component 102, the sound amplification component 103, the pressure application component 104 and the control unit 105. At the same time, the side of the bottom close to the skin is provided with a flexible contact surface or a replaceable adhesive layer to enhance the acoustic coupling effect and the pressure distribution uniformity between the main device and the patient's skin, and prevent displacement or noise interference during wearing.

[0020] The main device 101 may include a plurality of electrical connection interfaces and channels for realizing power supply, signal collection, signal processing and physical connection between components. For example, inside the main device, a circuit integration cavity or a flexible cable guiding groove may be provided for stably transmitting the electrical signal between the sound collection component 102 and the control unit 105, and may also be connected to the sound amplification component 103 for audio signal output. In addition, the main device 101 can be configured with a micro battery or a rechargeable power module, and cooperate with a wireless charging or magnetic charging structure for repeated use in clinical or home environments.

[0021] In specific implementation, to improve the wearing stability and the accuracy of function execution, the main device 101 may also integrate an angle sensor or a position sensor for judging whether the device is correctly attached to the target blood vessel area. Once a deviation or rotation state is detected, the user can be guided to re-wear it through vibration, beeping or visual reminder. In addition, the main device 101 can adopt a modular design in the manufacturing process, so that key components such as the sound collection component and the pressure application component can be replaced or upgraded, which is convenient for maintenance and customized configuration.

[0022] In summary, the host device 101 not only undertakes the basic functions of wearing stability and user comfort, but also serves as the platform foundation for highly integrated multi-functions such as vascular sound acquisition, exercise control, pressurized output, and data transmission, ensuring the stable, reliable, and efficient operation of the system in various clinical or home application scenarios.

[0023] Furthermore, the wearable host device includes:

[0024] An elastic fixing band for firmly wearing the host device on the patient's forearm;

[0025] A positioning mark area is provided on the bottom surface of the host device, with visual auxiliary markings for guiding the user to accurately position the device above the arteriovenous fistula vessel.

[0026] An acoustic coupling layer is provided on the contact surface between the host device and the skin, made of soft silicone material, for enhancing the sound conduction efficiency between the sound collection component and the skin and reducing environmental noise interference.

[0027] An anti-slip and stable structure is provided at the bottom edge of the host device to prevent the device from shifting during exercise.

[0028] An adjustment mechanism for adjusting the tightness of the fixing band according to the circumference of the patient's forearm, enabling universal wearing for patients of different body types, and ensuring that the pressurizing component can apply appropriate pressure.

[0029] The wearable host device is the core carrier of the entire system, and its structural design and function realization have a decisive impact on the overall performance of the system.

[0030] The wearable host device adopts an integrated design. Its appearance is similar to a modified wristband-type smart device, but its internal structure and function realization are optimized specifically for the monitoring and exercise requirements of arteriovenous fistula vessels. The overall size of the host device is approximately 65mm×45mm×15mm (length×width×height), and the weight is controlled within 50g to ensure the comfort of long-term wearing. The host shell is injection-molded with medical-grade ABS material and its surface is treated for anti-allergy to reduce skin discomfort that may be caused by long-term contact.

[0031] The elastic fixing band of the host device is a fundamental component that ensures the stable operation of the entire system. This fixing band is made of medical-grade elastic fabric material, and its inner surface is covered with a soft microfiber layer, which can provide a comfortable touch when in direct contact with the skin and reduce sweat accumulation. The width of the elastic fixing band is 20mm. This width can provide sufficient fixing force without causing excessive restraint on the forearm. The length of the fixing band can be adjusted within the range of 150 - 250mm to adapt to the forearm circumferences of patients with different body sizes. The two ends of the elastic fixing band are connected by Velcro (nylon fasteners), which is convenient for patients to wear and remove with one hand. To enhance the fixing stability, the elastic band is designed with double-layer reinforcement at the connection with the host, and a firm connection is formed with the host housing through an injection-molded card slot to ensure that it will not become loose during daily activities and exercises.

[0032] The positioning mark area is set at the central position of the bottom surface of the host device, directly corresponding to the installation position of the sound collection component. This area features a specially designed concave structure, surrounded by a tactilely recognizable edge contour, enabling patients to perceive the correct positioning direction of the device by touch even without direct observation. Clear visual auxiliary markings are printed on the surface of the positioning mark area, including direction arrows indicating the blood flow direction of the arteriovenous fistula and concentric circle marks indicating the optimal sound collection point position. These markings are configured with high-contrast colors, making them easy to identify even in low-light environments. When a patient uses the device for the first time, medical staff can make personalized marks around the positioning mark area according to the ultrasound examination results using the accompanying waterproof marker to assist the patient in accurate positioning at home. The precise positioning ability of the positioning mark area has a direct impact on the sound collection effect. By guiding the patient to accurately place the device directly above the arteriovenous fistula blood vessel, the intensity of the collected blood vessel sound signal can be increased by more than 30%, significantly improving the monitoring sensitivity of the system.

[0033] The acoustic coupling layer is a key component for improving the sound pickup efficiency. It is set at the contact surface between the main device and the skin and is arranged around the sound pickup unit of the sound pickup component. This layer is made of medical-grade soft silicone material (Shore hardness 20 - 30A), with a thickness of 3 - 5 mm, and has good elasticity and acoustic conduction characteristics. The surface of the acoustic coupling layer is designed with a micro-protruded grid structure. While ensuring full contact with the skin, this structure can form multiple small cavities, effectively reducing the interference of environmental noise and achieving an effect similar to that of an acoustic isolation chamber. The edge of the acoustic coupling layer is designed with a gradually thinned profile to avoid hard edges at the skin contact area and improve the comfort of long-term wearing. To enhance the sound conduction efficiency, 5 - 8% of acoustic guiding particles are added to the material formula of the acoustic coupling layer, and these particles can increase the acoustic wave conduction coefficient of the material. In practical applications, patients can apply a small amount of medical ultrasonic coupling agent on the surface of the acoustic coupling layer to further improve the sound conduction efficiency, especially for patients with dry or hairy skin. The acoustic coupling layer is designed to be detachable and is connected to the bottom of the main device through snaps, facilitating regular cleaning and replacement to meet the hygiene requirements and long-term use needs.

[0034] The anti-slip and stable structure is set at the outer peripheral edge of the bottom of the main device and is distributed in a ring shape, forming a complementary cooperation with the acoustic coupling layer. This structure is made of medical-grade thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) material, and the surface is designed with a special micro-wave pattern, which can form a high friction coefficient contact with the skin, effectively preventing the device from shifting during the patient's activities or exercises. The height of the anti-slip and stable structure is slightly lower than that of the acoustic coupling layer by 0.5 - 1 mm, ensuring that the acoustic coupling layer can form an appropriate pressure contact with the skin, while the anti-slip structure will not interfere with the sound pickup effect. A moisture diversion groove is provided inside the anti-slip and stable structure, which can divert the sweat secreted by the skin away from the sound pickup area, avoiding the accumulation of sweat from causing the device to slide or affecting the sound pickup quality. The material of the anti-slip structure also has a certain buffering performance, which can absorb the vibrations during daily activities and reduce the interference to the sound pickup signal. In addition, the design of the anti-slip and stable structure takes into account the synergistic effect with the pressurizing component. When the pressurizing component applies pressure, the anti-slip structure can provide stronger fixing force to ensure the stability of the device position during the entire exercise process, thus guaranteeing the exercise effect and the reliability of the monitoring data.

[0035] The adjustment mechanism is located at the connection part between the main device and the elastic fixing band, and is used to adapt to the forearm circumferences of different patients to ensure the comfort and stability of device wearing. This mechanism adopts a two-way adjustment design, including two levels: coarse adjustment and fine adjustment. Coarse adjustment is achieved through multiple preset positions on the fixing band to meet the basic size requirements of patients with different body types; fine adjustment is achieved by connecting a knob on the side of the main unit to an internal ratchet structure, and each rotation of one grid can achieve a length adjustment of about 1 mm, enabling patients to make precise adjustments according to personal comfort. The adjustment mechanism also integrates a tension feedback system. When the tension of the fixing band reaches the preset range (about 8 - 12 N), the adjustment knob will generate an obvious tactile feedback to prompt the user that the recommended wearing tightness has been reached. This design not only prevents blood circulation obstruction caused by over-tight wearing but also avoids the impact on the exercise effect of the pressurizing component due to over-loose wearing. The material of the adjustment mechanism is made of reinforced nylon, which has good durability and fatigue resistance and can withstand daily repeated adjustment operations. In addition, the adjustment mechanism is also equipped with a quick-release button, which can immediately loosen the fixing band when pressed in an emergency, facilitating patients to quickly remove the device. The design of the adjustment mechanism fully considers the functional cooperation with the pressurizing component. By adjusting the tightness of the fixing band, the basic pressure of the pressurizing component on the blood vessels can be indirectly controlled, thus realizing the customization of personalized exercise programs.

[0036] The above-mentioned components are functionally interrelated and work together. First of all, the elastic fixing band cooperates with the adjustment mechanism to provide the basic wearing stability for the whole device; the positioning mark area guides the user to accurately place the device above the arteriovenous fistula blood vessel, creating the best working position for the sound collection component; the acoustic coupling layer improves the sound conduction efficiency to ensure that the sound collection component can obtain clear blood vessel sound signals; the anti-slip and stable structure prevents the device from displacement, maintains the stability of the sound collection position, and at the same time provides a reliable acting basis for the pressurizing component; the adjustment mechanism adjusts the contact pressure between the device and the skin by controlling the tightness of the fixing band, affecting the acoustic coupling effect and the working state of the pressurizing component.

[0037] In practical applications, patients first determine the approximate position of the arteriovenous fistula blood vessel according to doctor's guidance or personal experience, and then place the main device at the corresponding position with reference to the visual auxiliary marks in the positioning mark area, and adjust the tightness of the fixing band to a comfortable state through the adjustment mechanism. After wearing, the acoustic coupling layer is in close contact with the skin, and the sound collection component starts to collect blood vessel sound signals and outputs them through the sound amplification component. When the exercise mode is started, the anti-slip and stable structure ensures that the device will not be displaced due to the actions of the pressurizing component, maintaining the stability and effectiveness of the whole exercise process.

[0038] Through the above design, the wearable main device realizes the comprehensive functions of stable wearing, accurate positioning, efficient sound collection, and reliable pressurization, providing a solid hardware foundation for the integrated system of venous arteriovenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressurization exercise monitoring.

[0039] The sound acquisition component 102 is configured to detect the vascular sound signal generated by the patient's arteriovenous fistula blood vessel and convert the vascular sound signal into an electrical signal.

[0040] The sound acquisition component 102 is used to achieve high-fidelity acquisition of the sound signal generated by the arteriovenous fistula blood vessel of a hemodialysis patient and reliably convert the sound signal into an electrical signal for subsequent processing and amplification. It is a key technical link for the entire system to realize the function of monitoring vascular patency.

[0041] Preferably, the sound acquisition component 102 is integrated on the skin-contact surface of the wearable host device 101, and physiological sound signals from inside the arteriovenous fistula blood vessel, especially murmur signals related to blood flow pulsation, are obtained by closely contacting the patient's skin. To improve the acquisition accuracy, the sound acquisition component may include a layer of flexible conductive film or flexible sound acquisition film, which is made of a medical-grade polymer material, can form a good acoustic coupling interface with the skin, and can isolate external environmental noise. A miniature electroacoustic transducer, such as an electret condenser microphone (ECM) or a microelectromechanical microphone (MEMS), is arranged below the flexible sound acquisition film, and the transducer converts the blood flow murmur in the form of mechanical vibration into an analog voltage signal.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the sound acquisition component may further include a multi-layer structure, such as an outer protective film, an intermediate flexible acoustic coupling layer, and an inner sound pickup element. The acoustic coupling layer may use a gel-like or foam-like material to enhance the fitting degree and suppress pseudo signals caused by skin movement. In addition, to prevent interference caused by arm muscle activity or external contact, the sound acquisition component may be integrated with a low-frequency noise shielding layer and can form a flexible suspension isolation between the mounting structure and the host housing, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0043] After the signal is acquired, the sound acquisition component outputs the acoustic signal in the form of an electrical signal to the control unit 105. The control unit can access a pre-stage signal conditioning circuit at the acquisition end for filtering, pre-amplifying, and A / D converting the signal. For the implementation using a digital microphone, data can also be directly read through a digital audio interface. The control unit further performs real-time analysis on the signal, including time-domain envelope extraction, spectrum analysis, heart rate rhythm recognition, and pulsation energy distribution analysis, etc.

[0044] In a typical configuration, the sound acquisition component is arranged at the central axis position of the bottom surface of the host to maximize the alignment with the arteriovenous anastomosis area of the arteriovenous fistula; at the same time, a marking positioning area or a pressing assistance structure is provided outside the sound acquisition component to facilitate the user to complete accurate wearing independently.

[0045] In summary, the sound acquisition component 102 not only needs to have sensitive, low-noise, and stable acoustic-electric conversion performance, but also needs to fully consider the fitting degree, anti-interference ability, and signal consistency in the wearing physiological environment.

[0046] The sound amplification component 103 is used to amplify the vascular sound signal obtained by the sound collection component and output it externally, so as to realize the auditory monitoring of the patency of the arteriovenous fistula blood vessel.

[0047] The sound amplification component 103 is used to perform real-time amplification processing on the vascular sound signal collected and converted by the sound collection component 102, and output it externally in an audible form, so that medical staff or the patient himself can directly distinguish the patency state of the arteriovenous fistula blood vessel through the ear. The role of this sound amplification component in the system is not limited to volume enhancement. More importantly, it converts weak and clinically valuable blood flow murmurs into clear and stable external sounds to assist non-professional users in continuous perceptual monitoring.

[0048] The sound amplification component 103 is preferably integrated into the housing of the host device 101, especially on the side facing the outside when worn, so that the sound can be effectively transmitted to the surrounding space without affecting the wearing comfort of the patient. In actual implementation, the sound amplification component can adopt small audio output devices such as a micro speaker, a bone conduction sound generator or a planar magnetic drive speaker unit. These devices can achieve a sufficient frequency response range and sound pressure output within a limited volume, so that the vascular sounds in the low-frequency to mid-frequency band (usually concentrated in the range of 50Hz to 1000Hz) can be restored with high fidelity.

[0049] The sound amplification component is usually connected to the control unit 105 through a signal amplification circuit. The electrical signal collected by the sound collection component is first pre-amplified and filtered by the control unit, and the gain is dynamically adjusted according to the noise level and volume requirement, and then the signal is transmitted to the sound amplification component for sound output. To avoid interference from background noise in the environment to the user's auditory judgment, a digital signal processing chip (DSP) or a software filtering module can be integrated in the sound amplification component to perform processing operations such as speech enhancement, dynamic compression and background noise reduction on the input signal, so as to highlight the rhythmic characteristics of blood flow pulsation.

[0050] To adapt to different usage environments and population requirements, the volume output of the sound amplification component can be set to multi-level adjustment, and the user can adjust the volume intensity through buttons, touch control or a supporting mobile application. Further, the sound amplification component can also be provided with an audio rhythm prompt mode, and when abnormal vascular sounds (such as pulsation disappearance, uneven intervals or high-frequency murmurs) are detected, a prompt sound is automatically superimposed or different tones are used to enhance the user's sensitivity to abnormal states.

[0051] In a preferred implementation manner, to ensure privacy and not interfere with others, the sound amplification component can send the audio signal to the earphone or mobile terminal through Bluetooth or other wireless methods to achieve directional monitoring. This method is also convenient for medical staff to remotely listen and carry out quantitative analysis and remote diagnosis in combination with the sound spectrum data recorded by the system.

[0052] The sound amplification component 103 can also be linked with the abnormal state judgment logic in the system, and automatically switch to continuous output or alarm mode when the patency is judged to be abnormal, so as to assist the patient to find the problem and seek medical treatment as soon as possible. Its structure and working mode can be implemented and improved in combination with the existing wearable audio device technology, and different types of acoustic output units can be flexibly selected according to the usage scenario and patient needs, so as to complete the design and integration of the sound amplification component and ensure its practicality and operability in medical auxiliary monitoring.

[0053] The pressurizing component 104 is configured to apply pressure to the wearing site within a set period of time to induce the internal fistula blood vessels to expand.

[0054] The pressurizing component 104 is a key actuator for realizing the vascular training function. Its function is to apply periodic mechanical pressurization to the patient's wearing part, especially the fistula area of ​​the forearm, to guide the expansion of the fistula vein, thereby promoting its gradual maturation and meeting the blood flow conditions required for hemodialysis.

[0055] The pressurizing component 104 is preferably integrated inside the wearable host device or in the flexible belt structure to which it is connected. Specifically, it can be implemented in the form of inflatable airbags, micro-electric tension devices, shape memory material drive structures, flexible hydraulic cavities, etc. Among them, the micro-airbag structure is the most common and reliable. In a typical embodiment, the pressurizing component includes a closed flexible airbag, which is arranged along the bottom surface or surrounding belt of the host device, leaving a controllable pressurized space between the contact surface with the patient's skin. The airbag is inflated and deflated by a micro air pump or an electromagnetic drive pump. The pump body is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit accurately controls the pressurization intensity, duration and release interval of the airbag to form a dynamic pressurization process of periodic inflation and deflation.

[0056] To ensure uniformity and physiological safety of pressurization, the airbag material usually uses medical-grade thermoplastic elastomer or polyurethane composite film, which has a certain degree of softness and repeatable deformation performance, and has tear resistance and pressure resistance, and can adapt to long-term repeated inflation and deflation without leakage. In addition, to further improve fit and comfort, the pressurization component can also add a cushion or ergonomic wave structure to the contact layer to make the pressure distribution more uniform and avoid pressure injuries to local tissues.

[0057] When the system is running, the control unit calls different pressurization parameters according to the exercise mode set by the user (such as regular mode, preoperative training mode, postoperative recovery mode, etc.), including target pressure value, loading rate, pressure holding time and release time, and adjusts the pressurization action in real time through closed-loop control. In the closed-loop structure, the pressurization component can also integrate a micro pressure sensor to provide real-time feedback on the actual pressure state of the airbag or contact area, and form a linkage relationship with the control unit to avoid over-pressurization or under-pressurization.

[0058] To adapt to the individual differences of different patients, the pressurizing component can also have the ability of adaptive adjustment. For example, during the first few exercise sessions, the system records the relationship between the venous dilation amplitude and the pressure response, and adjusts the pressurizing threshold and time in each subsequent exercise cycle accordingly to optimize the dilation effect and reduce discomfort. In addition, the component also supports manual mode switching, allowing medical staff to manually control the pressurizing process based on clinical judgment for evaluating the patient's vascular reactivity or cooperating with extracorporeal ultrasound monitoring.

[0059] The overall size of the pressurizing component is designed to be compact, facilitating its integration with the mainframe housing. Its electrical control part is connected to the control unit through a flexible cable, while the gas circuit part can adopt an internal micro gas channel and safety valve design to ensure rapid pressure release in case of emergencies and guarantee the safety of patients during use.

[0060] In summary, the pressurizing component 104 not only undertakes the task of promoting vascular dilation through periodic mechanical stimulation in terms of function, but also realizes a safe, controllable and highly adaptable automatic exercise process through data interaction, feedback control and personalized adjustment mechanisms with the control unit.

[0061] Furthermore, the pressurizing component includes an intelligent feedback system, and the intelligent feedback system includes:

[0062] A plurality of independently controlled elastic pressurizing units are arranged around the wearing area for applying local pressure respectively according to control instructions, and the output pressure of each pressurizing unit can be adjusted in real time;

[0063] A vascular response sensing device is used to collect the pulsation intensity, deformation response and dilation trend of the local vascular area during pressurization, and the output signal of the vascular response sensing device is transmitted to the control unit for subsequent modeling and regulation;

[0064] A venous elasticity modeling module constructs an individualized vascular compliance model based on the pressure response data within multiple exercise cycles, and the vascular compliance model is used to predict the vascular dilation results under different pressurization conditions;

[0065] An adaptive pressurization adjustment module generates the pressurization parameters for the next cycle according to the vascular compliance model and real-time feedback data, including the pressure set value and action duration of each pressurizing unit, and makes fine adjustments according to the actual response during pressurization.

[0066] To achieve more precise, safe and individualized control of vascular exercise, an intelligent feedback system is further integrated into the pressurizing component. This system has the ability to make real-time adjustments based on biological responses, thus forming a closed-loop control mechanism, effectively improving the exercise effect and reducing the risk of vascular damage.

[0067] The intelligent feedback system consists of multiple sub-components with closely coordinated functions. First, in order to achieve differentiated pressurization stimulation of blood vessels in different parts, a plurality of elastic pressurization units are arranged in the pressurization assembly. These pressurization units are distributed along the circumference of the wearing device, for example, surrounding the periphery of the fistula area of ​​the patient's forearm. Each pressurization unit is provided with an inflatable or electrically driven flexible structure inside, and is electrically connected to the control unit. The system can independently control the pressure, action duration and start and end timing of each pressurization unit, thereby forming an adjustable local pressure distribution in space. This structure allows the system to perform differentiated stimulation under different anatomical positions or vascular conditions, avoiding the problems of vascular compression or uneven local expansion that may be caused by traditional single-point pressurization schemes.

[0068] During the pressurization process, in order to understand the response of blood vessels to the applied pressure in real time, the intelligent feedback system also includes a vascular response sensing device. The device can be composed of a miniature ultrasonic transducer, a pulsation detection sensor or optical volume recording technology, and its layout position is adjacent to or coaxial with the pressurization unit. The task of the device is to continuously monitor physiological parameters such as the pulsation intensity of the blood vessels in the pressurized area, the degree of wall deformation, and the expansion rate. The collected signals are transmitted to the control unit in real time and used as the basis for judging the current pressurization effect. By analyzing these parameters, the system can identify whether the blood vessels have responded effectively to the current pressurization, and whether there are abnormal phenomena such as insufficient or excessive expansion.

[0069] After receiving the raw data from the vascular response sensing device, the control unit will call the system's built-in venous elasticity modeling module to process the data. This module is based on the pressure and expansion response data accumulated in multiple historical exercise cycles, combined with the vascular change information corresponding to different pressurization parameters in each exercise, to build an individualized venous compliance model for the current patient. The model contains key parameters such as vascular elasticity curves, critical pressure thresholds, and recovery time constants, which can predict the expected expansion behavior of blood vessels under given pressurization conditions. In this way, the system no longer relies on general standard procedures, but guides each exercise based on an understanding of the current patient's vascular mechanical properties.

[0070] Relying on this model, the adaptive pressurization regulation module in the system can calculate new pressurization parameters based on the model prediction and current feedback results before each pressurization cycle begins. These parameters include not only the target pressure value of each pressurization unit, but also dynamic change strategies such as the duration of action and the rising / falling slope of the pressurization curve. In addition, the module also has the ability to fine-tune the pressurization process, that is, it continuously analyzes the feedback signal when the pressurization is not completed. If insufficient local response is detected, the pressure of a certain unit can be appropriately increased in the current cycle; if signs of over-expansion are detected in the local area, the pressure can be immediately reduced or the pressurization can be terminated to ensure the safety of the blood vessels.

[0071] To implement an individualized exercise control strategy, it is necessary to construct a venous compliance model that highly matches the vascular state of the patient based on the real physiological data collected during the patient's multiple exercise sessions. The construction of this model is based on the pressure response data within multiple consecutive exercise cycles, that is, by recording and analyzing the dilation behavior and physiological feedback of blood vessels at different positions when the pressurizing component applies pressure, and extracting the key parameters reflecting blood vessel elasticity and compliance. In this way, the system can achieve adaptive adjustment of the arteriovenous fistula state of different patients at different stages, and formulate a safer and more effective pressurization plan.

[0072] In actual operation, the system records the target pressure value applied by the pressurizing unit in each exercise cycle, usually collected in a time series manner and synchronously marked with the physiological signals fed back by the blood vessel response sensing device. These physiological signals can include changes in pulsation intensity, the real-time dilation amplitude of blood vessel diameter, dilation start delay, and the blood vessel rebound speed after pressurization stops, etc. By dynamically analyzing these data, a mapping relationship between pressure input and blood vessel response can be established.

[0073] To construct the compliance model, the control unit usually uses the data within multiple exercise cycles for curve fitting and statistical modeling. First, the pressure-dilation data collected in each cycle is standardized to eliminate the interference of posture differences, equipment errors, or signal anomalies. Then, the key feature points in each cycle are extracted, such as the critical pressure value at which the blood vessel begins to dilate, the maximum dilation amplitude, the time required to reach the maximum dilation, the time taken for complete rebound after release, etc. Based on these feature data, the system can establish an individualized compliance curve through regression models, non-linear curve fitting, or kernel function-based modeling algorithms, where the vertical axis is the blood vessel dilation amplitude or volume change, and the horizontal axis is the applied pressure value, forming a function curve that dynamically reflects the blood vessel compliance ability.

[0074] This compliance model not only describes the response trend of blood vessels to specific pressures, but also can derive other physiological parameters reflecting blood vessel health status, such as the stiffness coefficient of the blood vessel wall, the maximum safe dilation threshold, the compliance slope (i.e., the dilation amount corresponding to unit pressure), and the rebound hysteresis factor. These parameters play an important role in subsequent pressurization control.

[0075] Once the model is established, the control unit can use it as the core reference for pressurization decisions. In subsequent exercise cycles, the system does not need to rely entirely on fixed programs. Instead, it combines the model to predict the expected degree of blood vessel dilation under current pressurization conditions and calculates the target pressure values and action times for each pressurization unit accordingly. If the model predicts insufficient blood vessel response under the current physiological state, the system can select a milder pressurization curve, extend the slow loading time, and avoid blood vessel damage caused by intense dilation. Conversely, if the model predicts that the blood vessels already have high compliance, the pressure upper limit can be appropriately increased under the premise of ensuring safety to accelerate the dilation process and improve exercise efficiency.

[0076] In addition, the model also has the ability to self-update. The system can fine-tune the model based on newly acquired pressure response data after each exercise, using strategies such as sliding window or exponentially weighted moving average to fuse new and old data, thereby maintaining the consistency between the model and the actual blood vessel state. As the state of the patient's arteriovenous fistula changes, the model will also continuously evolve to adapt to the physiological transformation of the blood vessels from the initial dilation to the mature stage.

[0077] Through this intelligent control method that combines multi-source feedback, individual modeling, and real-time regulation, the present invention realizes a pressurization exercise strategy that dynamically adapts based on the venous mechanical characteristics of the patient, breaking through the limitation of traditional static pressurization systems that only rely on preset programs to operate. The system can long-term adapt to changes in blood vessel states, automatically optimize exercise parameters, improve the efficiency of arteriovenous fistula maturation, and reduce the risk of complications.

[0078] Furthermore, the venous elasticity modeling module calculates the blood vessel dilation ability index R(t) based on the following formula 1:

[0079]

[0080] Where, ΔP(t) represents the pressure change per unit time within the current pressurization cycle, with the unit of mmHg / s; this value is real-time collected by the pressure sensor built in the pressurization component in each control cycle, and is obtained by calculating the pressure difference between the current moment and the previous moment divided by the time interval, that is:

[0081]

[0082] Where Δt is the sampling period, usually recommended to be set to 0.1 - 0.5 seconds. This item reflects the pressure rising rate during the pressurization process. The faster the rate, generally the stronger the stimulation, so its value is positively correlated with R(t). Since there are differences in the tolerance and physiological characteristics of different users, a normalization factor P0 is introduced, and it is recommended to be set to 10 mmHg / s. Adding P0 to the denominator is to avoid abnormal amplification of the value in the case of extremely small pressure changes and to control the non-linear growth trend of the formula. The weight coefficient k1 is used to adjust the weight of this item, and the recommended initial value is 1.2.

[0083] A(t) represents the vascular dilation amplitude, in mm, which can be reflected by the pulsation amplitude estimated by an ultrasonic transducer or based on the waveform envelope of vascular sound. The system extracts the radial amplitude of the blood vessel through continuous waveform envelope tracking technology, and this value can reflect the actual dilation performance of the blood vessel in the current cycle. To achieve unified modeling for different users, this value needs to be divided by the reference amplitude A0 recorded in the user's historical data. It is recommended that A0 be 2 mm. To enhance the sensitivity of changes in low dilation values, a square root transformation is applied to the normalized result to amplify the changes in medium and small values. This item reflects the "static elastic ability" of the current blood vessel. The larger its value, the better the current compliance of the blood vessel. The weight coefficient k2 is recommended to be set to 0.8.

[0084] τ(t) represents the lag time from the start of pressurization to the maximum dilation response of the blood vessel, in s; that is, the delay from the start of pressurization to the detection of the maximum value of the vascular dilation amplitude, in seconds. The larger this value is, the more sluggish the blood vessel response usually is, and the compliance may decrease. After each start of pressurization, the system tracks the vascular dilation envelope signal and records the difference between the time when its peak appears and the start time of pressurization, and τ(t) can be calculated. To achieve the differentiability and stability of the model, this item is expressed as:

[0085]

[0086] where θ is the smoothing time constant, and it is recommended to be set to 1 s. In this way, when the lag time increases, this item converges to 1, and when the response is fast, this item approaches 0, thus forming a negative correlation item. The weight coefficient k3 is recommended to be set to 0.9.

[0087] ε(t - 1) represents the prediction error of the vascular response in the previous cycle, with the same unit as A(t); it represents the error between the predicted vascular dilation amplitude by the model in the previous cycle and the actual detection result, with the same unit as A(t), usually expressed in mm. This value can be calculated by:

[0088] ε(t - 1) = ∣A pred (t - 1) - A meas (t - 1)∣

[0089] where A pred (t - 1) is the predicted value of the model output in the previous cycle, and A meas (t - 1) is the actual detected value. This value reflects the fitting stability of the model to the vascular response. When the error fluctuates greatly, it usually indicates that the vascular state is unstable. To ensure consistency, this item is divided by the normalization coefficient ε0, recommended to be 0.5 mm, and squared to enhance the sensitivity to large abnormal values. The larger the value of this item, the more unpredictable the vascular state is, and it should be used as an inhibitory factor for R(t). The weight coefficient k4 is recommended to be set to 0.6.

[0090] To ensure stable modeling of vascular compliance, the system not only uses the observed data of the current cycle for real-time evaluation, but also introduces the difference between the predicted value and the actual observed value of the dilation behavior in the previous cycle to measure the model stability and response volatility. Therefore, a modeling mechanism with short-term prediction ability needs to be configured in the system to output the aforementioned A pred (t - 1).

[0091] The method for obtaining the predicted value is based on the time series prediction sub-model integrated in the venous elasticity modeling module. By recording the mapping relationship between the pressurization input parameters (such as loading intensity, pressurization duration, release rate) in multiple past cycles and the corresponding vascular responses (such as dilation amplitude), the sub-model constructs a set of mathematical functions for short-term trend fitting. The function can be implemented by simple linear regression, exponentially weighted average, or polynomial fitting based on a local window, etc., and can also be further extended to a small-scale neural network predictor for outputting an estimated value of the vascular dilation response amplitude at the next time point.

[0092] In the actual implementation process, after each pressurization cycle ends, the system takes the input parameters in the current cycle as prediction factors and inputs them into the above-mentioned fitting model, and at the same time updates the model parameters according to the historical training samples. The model then outputs a value, that is, the theoretical dilation amplitude of the blood vessel in the next cycle under the current input conditions.

[0093] P0, A0, ε0 are standard reference values set by the system for normalization; θ is a time smoothing constant for adjusting the sensitivity of response lag; k1, k2, k3, k4 are individualized weight coefficients obtained by the system through fitting historical data, which are used to reflect the relative influence of each factor in the current user's vascular model;

[0094] The control unit compares the calculated R(t) with the upper and lower threshold values of the dilation ability set by the system. When R(t) is higher than the upper threshold, the control unit instructs the adaptive pressurization adjustment module to increase the pressurization intensity and shorten the loading time in the next cycle; when R(t) is lower than the lower threshold, reduce the pressurization intensity and extend the recovery interval; when it is detected that R(t) continuously decreases in multiple cycles, trigger the safety protection mechanism and send an abnormal prompt to the user to achieve dynamic tracking and closed-loop regulation control of the change in vascular compliance.

[0095] The control unit 105 is configured to obtain the exercise mode and timing parameters selected by the user; drive the pressurization component to perform pressure loading and release under the control of the acquired user data; monitor the pressure change and vascular dilation response during the pressurization process; judge the exercise effect and vascular patency status based on the monitored data, and issue a prompt message when an abnormality occurs; process and analyze the sound signals of the sound collection component to judge the characteristic changes of the vascular sounds, and output feedback information related to the vascular status.

[0096] As the information processing and execution control core of the entire system, the control unit 105 is responsible for coordinating the linkage work among the sound collection component, the sound amplification component, and the pressurization component, and realizing multiple functions such as exercise mode control, patency monitoring, vascular status analysis, and user prompting based on user requirements. Its functional integrity and response ability directly determine the intelligent level and clinical practicability of the system.

[0097] The control unit 105 can be implemented in the form of an embedded microprocessor, a programmable logic controller (PLC), or a customized SoC chip, etc., and has multi-channel analog and digital signal input interfaces for receiving information such as the electrical signals of vascular sounds output by the sound collection component 102, the real-time feedback data of the pressure sensor in the pressurization component 104, and user interaction inputs. The control unit is built with a multi-threaded task scheduling mechanism for simultaneously executing multiple functional modules such as audio signal processing, pressure control, data storage, abnormality judgment, and user interaction, so as to realize the stable and efficient operation of the system.

[0098] When the device is started, the control unit first obtains the current required exercise mode and timing plan according to user input or preset parameters. The exercise mode can include preoperative dilation training mode, new arteriovenous fistula maturation assistance mode, or postoperative patency monitoring mode, etc. Different modes correspond to different pressurization intensities, time periods, and response judgment logics. The control unit loads relevant parameters accordingly, including the target pressure value, pressurization duration, release time, and full-cycle frequency, and issues a start command to the pressurization component to control it to perform periodic pressure loading and release.

[0099] During the pressurization process, the control unit reads the output data of the pressure sensor in the pressurization component in real time to form a complete pressure-time curve for monitoring whether the pressurization process is executed according to the expected parameters, and whether there are problems such as overpressure, insufficient pressure, or abnormal pressure maintenance. Combining historical data, the control unit can also perform statistical analysis on the amplitude, slope, and hysteresis of the pressure response for evaluating the current vascular dilation effect and compliance trend.

[0100] Meanwhile, the control unit continuously receives and processes the vascular sound signals acquired by the sound collection component. This signal usually contains the murmurs generated by vascular pulsations, and information such as its spectrum, rhythm, and intensity is closely related to the patency of blood vessels. After the control unit performs analog-to-digital conversion on this signal, it uses a filter to eliminate background noise, and extracts characteristic parameters such as the sound envelope, spectral peak, and rhythm interval. Then, it compares and analyzes these with the healthy sample data collected previously to determine whether the current vascular sound is in a normal state. For example, when it is recognized that the pulsation interval is uneven, the noise intensity significantly decreases, or the murmur disappears, the control unit can automatically determine it as an "abnormal patency" state.

[0101] After detecting the above abnormalities or risk trends, the control unit will immediately trigger a prompt mechanism. The prompt can be issued through the buzzer, vibration motor, status light on the host or through the supporting mobile terminal application to remind the user to re-wear, adjust the exercise plan or seek medical attention as soon as possible. In addition, the control unit is also responsible for generating a complete exercise record and monitoring data log, including the start time of each exercise, pressurization parameters, vascular response data, sound signal indicators, and judgment results, and temporarily stores these data in the local memory or uploads them to the remote server through the wireless communication module for doctors to conduct remote analysis and intervention.

[0102] To further improve the ability of individualized intervention, the control unit can also adopt an adaptive algorithm or machine learning model to model the user's historical exercise effects and real-time responses, thereby dynamically adjusting the exercise parameters, improving the exercise effect and avoiding overloading. The software logic of the control unit adopts a modular design, which is convenient for adding new functions or adjusting the evaluation model through firmware upgrade to adapt to different user groups or clinical paths.

[0103] In summary, the control unit 105 not only realizes the organic integration of system functions, but also enables this system to have the ability of highly automated, intelligent and individual adaptable vascular exercise and monitoring through multiple means such as real-time control, dynamic monitoring, signal processing and abnormality recognition.

[0104] Furthermore, the control unit is specifically used for:

[0105] Receiving the vascular sound signals collected by the sound collection component, the contact pressure distribution in the wearing area detected by the pressure sensor, and the wearing angle information measured by the attitude sensor, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of the current wearing state based on the above multi-source data;

[0106] By analyzing the time-frequency characteristics, pulsation amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio changes of the vascular sound, and combining the contact pressure map and attitude angle, calculating the deviation index between the current wearing state and the ideal fitting attitude preset by the system;

[0107] Dynamically adjust signal processing parameters according to the deviation index, including performing gain compensation on the voice acquisition signal channel, optimizing the filter curve, or moving the spectral window, so as to improve the usability of the vascular sound signal under sub-ideal wearing conditions;

[0108] When the deviation index exceeds the set threshold, the control unit triggers the auxiliary wearing guidance program, activates the vibration feedback module to issue directional prompts, and can combine with the display screen or external terminal to present graphical guidance to prompt the user to make position corrections;

[0109] Synchronously record each adjustment behavior of the user and its impact on the improvement of signal quality, form a mapping relationship between user behavior and voice acquisition quality, and optimize the subsequent feedback strategy accordingly, so that the guidance method gradually adapts to the user's habits;

[0110] Establish a data credibility grading model during the data processing process, mark the collected data according to the wearing state quality index, directly use high-level data for vascular function assessment, use medium-level data for trend reference, and temporarily store low-level data for internal training and system optimization;

[0111] When the control unit continuously detects that the wearing state deviation exceeds the set threshold and the adjustment is ineffective, it automatically switches to the degraded fault-tolerant operation mode and sends a remote assistance request through the paired mobile terminal, including the detected signal anomaly type and user response record, so that medical staff can implement remote intervention and guidance.

[0112] The control unit is not only responsible for the basic scheduling and function execution of the system, but also has the ability to comprehensively analyze and adaptively optimize the wearing state. To ensure the accuracy of vascular sound signal acquisition and the credibility of vascular function assessment, the control unit can jointly acquire and fuse process the vascular sound signal collected by the voice acquisition component, the skin contact pressure distribution detected by the pressure sensor, and the wearing angle measured by the attitude sensor, so as to establish a multi-dimensional assessment model of the current wearing state.

[0113] During the actual use process, the position, angle, and fitting degree of the patient wearing the device may shift, resulting in a decrease in voice acquisition quality or the acquisition result deviating from the true vascular state. To address this problem, the control unit first extracts time-frequency features from the vascular sound signal, including parameters such as the main frequency component, fluctuation envelope, pulsation amplitude, and signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. At the same time, combine the data from the pressure sensor to form a skin contact pressure map, from which it is possible to identify whether the contact area is uniform, whether there are gaps or insufficient pressure; then combine the spatial angle output by the attitude sensor to judge whether the current rotation angle and wearing posture of the device deviate from the set standard. The control unit synthesizes these data and calculates a wearing deviation index to quantify the gap between the current wearing state and the system's preset optimal fitting state.

[0114] When the deviation index is within a reasonable range, the system automatically optimizes the adaptive parameters. For example, it increases the gain of the voice pickup signal to compensate for the attenuation of the sound source, fine-tunes the filter bandwidth to adapt to the shifted spectral characteristics, or adjusts the position of the spectral window to focus on the effective pulsation information, so as to ensure that useful signals can still be obtained to the greatest extent under non-ideal wearing conditions. However, when the deviation index exceeds the threshold set by the system, it indicates that the fitting quality between the device and the skin may seriously affect signal acquisition. At this time, the control unit will actively start the auxiliary wearing guidance program. The system can apply short and directional vibration feedback by controlling the vibration motor to prompt the user to make fine adjustments in a certain direction. At the same time, if the device is equipped with a display screen or is paired with a mobile terminal, graphical prompt information such as arrow indications or area highlighting can be synchronously displayed on the screen to help the user accurately correct the wearing position.

[0115] During the entire guidance and adjustment process, the control unit will also record each response operation of the user in real time and the degree of signal quality improvement brought by it. These records constitute the mapping data between the user's behavior and the voice pickup result, which can be used to construct a personalized feedback strategy in the future. For example, for users who are more sensitive to responses and have a high adjustment efficiency, the system can reduce the prompt frequency; for users who are insensitive to adjustments or have repeated deviations, the feedback intensity and prompt clarity will be gradually enhanced, so that the system's guidance logic adapts to individual behavior characteristics and improves the interaction efficiency.

[0116] In addition, the control unit also manages the credibility grading of all collected data. Based on the analysis of the current wearing quality index, the system assigns a grade label to each piece of collected data. High-grade data indicates good acquisition conditions, clear and reliable signals, and is suitable for clinical judgment and vascular function assessment; medium-grade data can be used for trend analysis and periodic fluctuation identification; while low-grade data, although not suitable for diagnostic conclusions, can still be used as a data source for internal algorithm training and model optimization of the system and is appropriately retained in the local cache for subsequent use.

[0117] When the system continuously detects that the wearing state is unqualified for a long time and the user fails to correct it successfully after multiple guidances, the control unit will automatically switch to the fault-tolerant operation mode. In this mode, the system uses algorithms such as redundant parameter compensation, signal interpolation, and anomaly rejection to correct the collected low-quality signals to maintain the operation of the basic monitoring function. At the same time, the control unit will send a remote assistance request to the designated medical contact of the user through the paired mobile terminal, which includes the type of abnormal signal currently detected, the record of the user's feedback response process, and the preliminary analysis suggestions. This request can access the remote video channel through a dedicated platform, and medical staff can provide real-time guidance to assist the user in re-completing the device wearing, so as to restore the high-quality monitoring state.

[0118] Through the design of the above complete process and closed-loop control, this system can still maintain good monitoring capabilities in an unstable wearing environment, improving the practicality and reliability of the system in home, outpatient, and self-management scenarios.

[0119] Furthermore, the control unit includes a pressurization management module, and the pressurization management module includes a signal processing unit, a fusion evaluation unit, an adaptive adjustment unit, and a data update unit.

[0120] The signal processing unit performs wavelet transform and spectrogram analysis on the vascular sound signal output by the sound collection component, and extracts acoustic features related to blood flow patency, including pulsation rhythm, band energy distribution, turbulent noise amplitude, and morphological fluctuations.

[0121] The fusion evaluation unit is used to receive the acoustic features, and conduct correlation analysis in combination with the pressure response data fed back by the pressurization component, and receive other physiological parameters such as blood oxygen change and skin temperature gradient to form a dynamic comprehensive evaluation result of the vascular state.

[0122] The adaptive adjustment unit is used to classify the vascular state based on the training model according to the output result of the fusion evaluation unit, and automatically match the corresponding pressurization strategy, including adjusting the pressurization intensity, rhythm change, frequency parameter, and action duration to meet the dilation requirements in different vascular states.

[0123] The data update unit is used to record the corresponding relationship between each pressurization parameter and the vascular response during each exercise process, construct an individualized pressurization response model, and continuously optimize the subsequent pressurization control logic as the data accumulates, making the strategy more in line with the evolution trend of individual vascular compliance.

[0124] The control unit predicts short-term vascular state changes based on the individualized pressurization response model, dynamically adjusts the exercise plan, and avoids vascular dilation damage caused by excessive exercise or affecting patency maintenance due to insufficient exercise; when it detects that the vascular state deteriorates continuously, the control unit generates a structured report including key analysis indicators and exercise logs, and uploads it to the medical management platform through the remote interface for medical staff to evaluate and adjust the subsequent exercise plan.

[0125] The control unit not only has basic data reception and exercise control capabilities, but also further integrates a pressurization management module to achieve in-depth identification of the patient's vascular state, accurate modeling, and dynamic adjustment of personalized pressurization plans. The function of this module is to construct an intelligent closed-loop control framework based on sound signals, physiological feedback, and historical response data, thereby improving the safety, effectiveness, and individual adaptability of vascular exercise.

[0126] The pressure management module internally includes a signal processing unit, a fusion evaluation unit, an adaptive adjustment unit, and a data update unit. Each unit forms a continuous information conduction and control process through a data link.

[0127] The signal processing unit is responsible for processing the vascular sound signals obtained by the sound acquisition component. This sound signal reflects the hydrodynamic state within the blood vessels, and its characteristics usually include the pulsation period, flow rate variation, murmur degree, and turbulence level. To fully extract this information, the signal processing unit performs time-frequency domain analysis on the signal through wavelet transform and finely extracts characteristic parameters such as the energy distribution, frequency band variation, and pulsation rhythm of the blood flow sound by combining spectrogram analysis methods. These parameters can reflect the patency of the blood vessels, pulsation coordination, and the possibility of local stenosis or obstruction.

[0128] The fusion evaluation unit receives the above acoustic characteristics and simultaneously collects the pressure response data fed back by the pressurization component, including indicators such as deformation delay after local pressurization, maximum dilation amplitude, and rebound speed. In some embodiments, this unit can also receive data obtained by other physiological sensors integrated in the system, such as changes in blood oxygen saturation during exercise and the time-series change curve of local skin temperature. These pieces of information together reflect the state of blood vessels and surrounding tissues during exercise. The fusion evaluation unit conducts collaborative analysis on the above multi-source data to form a dynamic comprehensive evaluation result of the current vascular health level and outputs vascular state identification or scoring information for guiding subsequent decisions.

[0129] Based on the obtained current vascular state, the adaptive adjustment unit calls the trained vascular state model to classify or identify the state. For example, when the evaluation result indicates that the current blood vessels are in the stage of mild compliance decline, the adaptive adjustment unit will automatically select a medium-intensity fluctuation type pressurization strategy suitable for this state; while when the state tends to be stable or the patency is good, a high-peak value short-period pressurization plan is matched to improve the training efficiency. The system can flexibly adjust the output parameters of each pressurization unit, including the pressure setting value, loading rate, pressurization time, and release interval. Such a match not only ensures that the blood vessels are physically stimulated within a safe range but also can respond to different stages of training goals, such as initial dilation, mature stability, or maintaining patency.

[0130] The data update unit is responsible for recording the correspondence between the complete pressurization plan and the vascular response during each exercise process. The input and feedback information of each pressurization cycle are regarded as a data sample, and the system constructs an individualized pressurization response model exclusive to the user by accumulating these samples. As the exercise data accumulates continuously, the system continuously fine-tunes the model through a strategy optimization mechanism, such as methods like gradient descent, adaptive filtering, or reinforcement learning, to gradually improve the prediction accuracy of the model for future vascular responses. This model will replace the general strategy in practical applications and become the basis for the system to adaptively adjust the exercise plan.

[0131] After the model is established and operates stably, the control unit will be capable of predicting the changing trend of the blood vessel state. Through short-term time series analysis, the system can identify whether the current patency of the patient's blood vessels is in an improving, maintaining, or deteriorating trend, and accordingly adjust key parameters such as the exercise frequency, the total daily compression time, or the pressure upper limit, so as to avoid blood vessel dilation injury caused by excessive exercise or functional decline caused by insufficient stimulation. When the system continuously detects a decrease in the blood vessel state indicators and cannot effectively recover through parameter adjustment, the control unit will actively generate an exercise effect analysis report, which includes the trend chart of key acoustic parameters, the pressure response curve, the evaluation conclusion, and the recommended measures, etc., and upload it to the medical monitoring platform or the doctor's terminal through the remote communication interface of the system. Medical staff can conduct remote intervention based on this report, put forward adjustment suggestions or arrange necessary clinical examinations, so as to achieve the closed-loop collaboration between the patient's home exercise and the doctor's real-time monitoring.

[0132] Through the above structure and logical process, the control unit provided by the present invention can not only achieve basic exercise control, but also has advanced capabilities such as blood vessel function state perception, intelligent analysis, adaptive strategy decision-making, and doctor-patient linkage, and is applicable to the self-management scenario of long-term maintenance of the patency of the internal fistula in hemodialysis patients.

[0133] Furthermore, the integrated system for amplifying the intravascular fistula blood vessel sound and monitoring compression exercise also includes a blood vessel patency evaluation mechanism based on multi-source signal fusion. The multi-source signals include the pressure-time response curve during the compression process, the acoustic envelope feature curve obtained by the sound acquisition component, and the user's wearing angle change signal. The blood vessel patency evaluation mechanism collaboratively determines whether the currently collected data meets the effective evaluation conditions, and pauses the evaluation process and issues a re-wearing prompt when the judgment conditions are not met.

[0134] In the integrated system for amplifying the intravascular fistula blood vessel sound and monitoring compression exercise provided in this embodiment, in order to improve the accuracy and robustness of blood vessel patency monitoring, the system further includes a blood vessel patency evaluation mechanism based on multi-source signal fusion. The core design of this mechanism is to comprehensively judge the effectiveness and evaluation conditions of the current acquisition process by simultaneously obtaining real-time data from multiple different physical dimensions, so as to avoid misjudgment caused by wearing deviation, signal loss or interference, thereby improving the overall monitoring quality and the intelligent level of the system.

[0135] The signals relied on by this multi-source signal fusion evaluation mechanism mainly include three aspects. First is the pressure-time response curve during the pressurization process. This data is collected in real time by the pressurization component during the execution of pressurization and release operations, reflecting the expansion and retraction capabilities of blood vessels under external mechanical stimulation. For example, during the pressure loading phase, the system records the time nodes of the applied pressure and the corresponding pressure values, and combines the feedback information of the pressure sensor to plot the continuous processes of pressure rise, stabilization, and release. If the blood vessels have good compliance, there is a stable relationship between the pressure rise and the expansion response; otherwise, curve patterns such as hysteresis, pressure drift, or abnormal flatness may occur.

[0136] Secondly is the acoustic envelope feature curve collected by the sound acquisition component. This curve is usually obtained after the control unit filters and normalizes the amplitude of the original blood vessel sound signal, representing the change trend of the sound pressure generated by blood flow pulsation per unit time. The envelope features show clear periodicity, uniform waveform, and high signal-to-noise ratio in unobstructed blood vessels; when there are stenosis, fistula blockage, or other abnormal conditions, the envelope curve may exhibit abnormal fluctuations, intermittent missing, or overall amplitude decrease and other features. Therefore, this curve is highly sensitive in evaluating the patency state of blood vessels.

[0137] The third type of signal is the signal of the change in the user's wearing angle, which is usually obtained through inertial sensors (such as three-axis accelerometers, gyroscopes, or attitude detection units) built into the host device. The introduction of this type of signal is mainly used to judge whether the wearing position and posture of the device accurately cover the internal fistula area. Because improper wearing angles (such as the device deviating from the center of the blood vessel, excessive rotation, or loose fitting) will cause the weakening of the blood vessel sound signal and the deviation of the pressure loading, resulting in distorted evaluation results. Therefore, incorporating the attitude angle signal into the judgment conditions together with the pressure and sound signals can significantly enhance the reliability of the evaluation mechanism.

[0138] During the operation of the system, this multi-source signal fusion mechanism will conduct collaborative analysis on the above three types of data. The control unit sets several judgment rules or model thresholds, such as: whether the pressure response slope is within a reasonable range, whether the acoustic envelope period is continuous, whether the wearing angle is within the allowable error range, etc. Once it is found that one or more of these indicators do not meet the preset evaluation conditions, the system will consider the current data invalid. At this time, the evaluation process will be automatically paused, and a prompt message for the user to re-wear or adjust the posture will be sent immediately through means such as a loudspeaker, vibration prompt, or mobile terminal push, to avoid continuing to collect incorrect data.

[0139] This mechanism can be implemented through software algorithms. A fusion judgment logic module can be set in the control unit, or it can be combined with a simple machine learning model for dynamic judgment. For example, during multiple uses, the system can establish an individualized normal signal pattern for the user, and automatically identify and respond when the actual data deviates from this model.

[0140] Through the above design, the vascular patency assessment mechanism for multi-source signal fusion significantly improves the objectivity and stability of monitoring. It is particularly suitable for daily wearing in a home environment, helps to long-term follow up the vascular health status of patients, and can provide a reliable basis for doctors to make auxiliary decisions.

[0141] Furthermore, a dynamic modulation path for sound signals is provided between the sound amplification component and the sound acquisition component. The dynamic modulation path for sound signals includes:

[0142] A spectrum analysis unit, whose input end is connected to the output end of the sound acquisition component, is configured to decompose the vascular sound electrical signal into multiple frequency components, and to extract the energy distribution and time-domain envelope characteristics of each frequency band in real time;

[0143] A state determination module, which receives the spectrum and envelope feature data output by the spectrum analysis unit, compares them based on a built-in vascular sound pattern model, determines that the current blood flow state belongs to one of normal, pulsation interval abnormality or high-frequency abnormality, and outputs a corresponding state identification signal;

[0144] A sound processor, which receives the state identification signal and the original electrical signal output by the sound acquisition component, and selectively performs signal enhancement processing according to the determination result. Specifically, it includes: when the detected state is normal, applying smoothing filtering and dynamic compression to the signal; when the detected state is abnormal, enhancing the abnormal frequency band to improve the recognition degree;

[0145] A prompt tone generator, which is connected to the sound processor. When the detected state is abnormal, it selects a prompt tone template matching the abnormal type according to the state identification signal, and mixes it with the processed signal in real time to generate a compound audio signal with a warning nature;

[0146] A volume control unit, which is connected to the output end of the prompt tone generator, is configured to automatically adjust the volume according to the state identification signal and the current running duration of the system. In the normal state, the volume is gradually reduced to the user-set comfortable level, and in the abnormal state, it is quickly increased to the warning level and the output stability is maintained;

[0147] The output signal of the volume control unit is directly transmitted to the sound amplification component for external output;

[0148] Wherein, the state determination module is also communicatively connected to the control unit, and is configured to transmit the blood flow state identification to the control unit in real time. The control unit records the historical changes of vascular patency according to the blood flow state identification, and automatically triggers user prompts or relevant countermeasures when continuous abnormal states occur.

[0149] To improve the recognition efficiency and clinical prompting value of vascular sound signals, a sound signal processing path with dynamic modulation capabilities is introduced between the sound amplification component and the sound collection component. This dynamic modulation path for sound signals analyzes, recognizes, enhances, and prompts control the vascular sound signals in a targeted manner through a series of mutually coupled audio processing modules before the signals are transmitted to the sound amplification component for external playback, so as to achieve precise recognition and grading prompts for the state of arteriovenous fistula sounds, and enhance the practicality and intelligent interaction capabilities of the system.

[0150] The sound signal dynamic modulation path is first composed of a spectrum analysis unit, whose input end is directly connected to the output end of the sound collection component for receiving the vascular sound electrical signals collected and converted by it. The spectrum analysis unit performs fast Fourier transform or other time-frequency analysis operations on the signals, decomposes the original signals into multiple preset frequency bands, such as low frequency band (20–200Hz), middle frequency band (200–800Hz), and high frequency band (above 800Hz), and extracts characteristic parameters such as the energy distribution, envelope change, and waveform rhythm of each frequency band in real time. These parameters constitute the spectral profile of the blood flow signal and are the basic basis for subsequent judgment of the vascular patency state.

[0151] The spectrum analysis results are transmitted to the state determination module, which pre-sets multiple groups of vascular sound characteristic pattern models inside, including normal pulsation state, pulsation interval abnormality state (such as pulsation disappearance or interruption), and high frequency abnormality state (such as abnormal turbulence or stenosis noise). The state determination module uses rule matching, dynamic threshold comparison, or pattern recognition algorithms based on time windows to compare the current spectrum with the standard model, identify whether the currently collected vascular sound deviates from the normal reference, and output the corresponding state identification signal accordingly. This signal is not only used for subsequent sound processing, but also transmitted to the control unit as the real-time judgment result during blood flow monitoring for recording the evolution of the condition and triggering further intervention measures.

[0152] After receiving the output signal of the state determination module, the sound processor selectively processes the original audio signal according to this state identification. When the current blood flow state is determined to be normal, the sound processor applies band-pass filtering and dynamic compression processing to the signal to smooth the output and reduce background noise, enabling users to clearly hear soft, continuous, and well-rhythmed vascular pulsation sounds. When detected as an abnormal state, the sound processor performs targeted frequency band enhancement processing, such as applying high-pass gain amplification to high frequency abnormal signals, or retaining the rhythm mutation characteristics of pulsation interval abnormal signals, making the abnormality easier for users to perceive and identify.

[0153] To further enhance the user's alertness to abnormal states, the beep generator is connected to the sound processor and is activated when an abnormal state is detected. The beep generator has multiple beep templates built in, with each template corresponding to a common type of abnormality. For example, a pulsation interruption may correspond to a continuous low-frequency warning sound, and high-frequency turbulence may correspond to a high-frequency warning sound, etc. This module mixes the selected beep with the vascular sound processed by the sound processor in real time to form a recognizable and directional composite audio signal, enabling the user to not only hear the abnormal sound itself but also perceive its severity or category.

[0154] The generated composite audio signal is further transmitted to the volume control unit. This unit not only performs basic volume adjustment based on the current state output by the state determination module but also conducts a gradual volume adjustment in combination with the current running duration of the system and the user-set auditory preferences. When the detected state is normal, the volume control unit can gradually reduce the volume output to a comfortable threshold to relieve the auditory fatigue caused by long-term monitoring; while in an abnormal state, the volume control unit will quickly increase the output volume to the warning level and maintain it stably to ensure that the user can detect potential problems in the first place.

[0155] Finally, the output signal of the volume control unit is directly transmitted to the amplification component for external playback via wired or wireless means, ensuring that the processed vascular sound can be clearly transmitted to the user or medical staff to assist them in judging the current vascular state. At the same time, the state determination module also communicates with the system control unit via a data bus or communication interface and passes the determination result as part of the data record to the central data storage or log system. Based on this information, the control unit can form a complete history of changes in vascular patency and automatically trigger response strategies such as vibration reminders, visual cues, remote alarms, or recommended medical visit prompts when an abnormal state is detected to persist.

[0156] Through the above structure, the dynamic modulation path of the sound signal realizes the whole-process closed-loop logic from signal acquisition, spectrum analysis, state recognition, audio processing, prompt generation to intelligent control, ensuring that the medical significance of the sound information is fully released and improving the patient's perception ability of abnormal conditions.

[0157] Furthermore, the integrated system for amplifying the sound of an arteriovenous fistula and monitoring pressurization exercise also includes a vascular voiceprint recognition module, and the vascular voiceprint recognition module is used for:

[0158] By extracting acoustic features including the frequency distribution, time-domain waveform, harmonic structure, and pulsation rhythm of the blood flow sound, a user-specific vascular voiceprint template is formed; the voiceprint template is updated and optimized based on samples collected from the user at multiple time points and different exercise stages to enhance its adaptability to physiological fluctuations;

[0159] The currently collected vascular sound signals are dynamically matched with the voiceprint template after preprocessing, and the voiceprint deviation vector is calculated to reflect the similarity change between the current signal and the existing template; the deviation vector is used to identify the voiceprint change trend, including feature offsets such as rhythm shift, abnormal enhancement of high frequency, or pulsation instability.

[0160] Based on the deviation type and amplitude, comprehensively judge whether the current acoustic change belongs to periodic physiological adjustment or possible pathological change, and generate a status identification signal to send to the control unit.

[0161] The control unit dynamically adjusts the parameter settings of the pressurizing component according to the status identification result, including reducing the pressurizing intensity, shortening the pressurizing duration, or extending the recovery interval, and combines the previous data to judge whether it is necessary to trigger a remote alarm or recommend a medical reexamination.

[0162] The vascular voiceprint recognition module is used to perform feature modeling and status recognition on the vascular sound signals of individual patients, so as to achieve higher-precision vascular health monitoring and more targeted exercise intervention. Based on the original vascular sound signals obtained by the sound collection component, this module extracts key acoustic parameters reflecting vascular pulsation characteristics and hemodynamic changes through in-depth analysis and personalized modeling of the sound signals, and establishes a voiceprint discrimination mechanism for identifying abnormal vascular states.

[0163] In specific implementation, the vascular voiceprint recognition module first extracts a variety of acoustic features from the continuously collected vascular sound signals. These features include, but are not limited to, main frequency distribution, harmonic structure, change pattern of the signal waveform in the time domain, pulsation cycle rhythm, peak amplitude and duration, background noise interference intensity, etc. These parameters jointly reflect the acoustic performance of the individual patient's blood vessels in the normal state and have a high degree of physiological consistency. Through sampling at different time points during multiple exercise processes, the system can establish a representative individualized voiceprint template. This template can adaptively adjust its matching tolerance range through algorithm fusion, so as to effectively distinguish short-term fluctuations caused by natural physiological rhythm changes from abnormal pathological signals.

[0164] During the subsequent system operation, each currently collected vascular sound signal will undergo standardized preprocessing operations, including denoising, amplitude normalization, filtering, and time window segmentation, etc. Subsequently, it will be compared with the previously established voiceprint template in real time. The matching process not only calculates the similarity, but also generates a group of voiceprint deviation vectors, which are used to describe the change trend and deviation amplitude of the current signal in key feature parameters. For example, when the system detects irregular changes in the pulsation rhythm, a significant enhancement of the high-frequency component in the originally stable harmonic structure, or the disappearance and instability of the signal periodicity, etc., the system can determine that there is a potential abnormality in the current voiceprint.

[0165] To avoid false alarms and improve the diagnostic value, the vascular voiceprint recognition module determines whether the current deviation belongs to physiological fluctuations or possible pathological changes by comprehensively analyzing the characteristic types and change amplitudes of the deviation vectors and combining with historical data. For example, a mild frequency deviation may only be fluctuations caused by body position changes, brief activities, or environmental temperature, while persistent rhythm instability and a significant increase in high-frequency murmurs may indicate problems such as stenosis of the internal fistula channel, blood flow obstruction, or anastomotic function decline.

[0166] When a suspicious pathological change is identified, the module will generate a status identification signal, which structurally marks the deviation direction, characteristic type, and severity level, and transmits it to the control unit in real time. After receiving the identification signal, the control unit will adjust the pressurization strategy accordingly according to the identification type. For example, if the system determines that the current vascular state is unstable, the control unit can actively lower the pressurization intensity in the next cycle, shorten the pressurization duration, or extend the recovery interval between each pressurization to avoid further irritation or damage to abnormal blood vessels.

[0167] In addition, the control unit can also comprehensively compare the current voiceprint analysis results with historical data. When it is detected that there is a deviation trend in multiple consecutive exercise cycles and the deviation level is gradually increasing, the system will consider that there is a high pathological risk and automatically trigger a remote medical prompt mechanism. This mechanism can package and upload vascular audio samples, voiceprint deviation analysis reports, and exercise history curves through mobile terminals or cloud platforms for medical staff to conduct remote evaluations, prompt users to seek medical treatment in advance or perform auxiliary examinations such as ultrasounds, thereby improving the recognition rate of early complications such as internal fistula stenosis and functional decline.

[0168] In summary, through acoustic feature extraction, individual template establishment, deviation recognition, and abnormal classification, the vascular voiceprint recognition module not only improves the sensitivity and reliability of the system to vascular state changes but also makes the pressurization exercise process have higher individual adaptability and clinical safety.

[0169] Although this application is disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not used to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An integrated system for amplifying vascular sound of arteriovenous fistula and monitoring pressurized exercise, characterized in that, Comprising: A wearable host device for being worn on the patient's forearm and positioned above the arteriovenous fistula vessel; A sound collection component configured to detect the vascular sound signal generated by the patient's arteriovenous fistula vessel and convert the vascular sound signal into an electrical signal; An amplifying component for amplifying and outputting the vascular sound signal obtained by the sound collection component to achieve auditory monitoring of the patency of the arteriovenous fistula vessel; A pressurizing component configured to apply pressure to the wearing part within a set time period to guide the dilation of the arteriovenous fistula vessel; A control unit for obtaining the exercise mode and timing parameters selected by the user; driving the pressurizing component to implement pressure loading and release under the control of the obtained user data; Monitoring the pressure change and vascular dilation response during the pressurizing process; judging the exercise effect and vascular patency condition based on the monitored data, and sending a prompt message when abnormal; processing and analyzing the sound signal of the sound collection component to judge the characteristic change of the vascular sound, and outputting feedback information related to the vascular state.

2. The integrated system for amplifying the vascular sound of the arteriovenous fistula and monitoring pressurized exercise according to claim 1, wherein It further comprises: A vascular patency evaluation mechanism based on multi-source signal fusion, the multi-source signals including the pressure-time response curve during the pressurizing process, the acoustic envelope characteristic curve obtained by the sound collection component, and the user wearing angle change signal. The vascular patency evaluation mechanism collaboratively judges whether the currently collected data meets the effective evaluation conditions, and pauses the evaluation process and sends a re-wearing prompt when the judgment conditions are not met.

3. The integrated system for amplifying the vascular sound of an internal jugular fistula and monitoring pressurized exercise according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wearable host device comprises: An elastic fixing band for stably wearing the host device on the patient's forearm; A positioning marking area provided on the bottom surface of the host device, having a visual auxiliary identifier for guiding the user to accurately position the device above the arteriovenous fistula vessel; An acoustic coupling layer provided on the contact surface between the host device and the skin, made of soft silicone material, for enhancing the sound conduction efficiency between the sound collection component and the skin and reducing environmental noise interference; An anti-slip and stable structure provided on the bottom edge of the host device for preventing the device from shifting during exercise; An adjusting mechanism for adjusting the tightness of the fixing band according to the forearm circumference of the patient to achieve universal wearing for patients of different body types, and at the same time ensure that the pressurizing component can apply appropriate pressure.

4. An integrated system for amplifying vascular sound of arteriovenous fistula and monitoring pressurized exercise according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sound signal dynamic modulation path is provided between the amplifying component and the sound collection component, and the sound signal dynamic modulation path includes: A spectrum analysis unit, whose input end is connected to the output end of the sound collection component, for decomposing the vascular sound electrical signal into multiple frequency components and real-time extracting the energy distribution and time-domain envelope characteristics of each frequency band; A state determination module, receiving the spectrum and envelope characteristic data output by the spectrum analysis unit, and comparing them based on the built-in vascular sound pattern model to determine that the current blood flow state belongs to one of normal, pulsation intermittent abnormality or high-frequency abnormality, and outputting a corresponding state identification signal; A sound processor, receiving the state identification signal and the original electrical signal output by the sound collection component, and selectively performing signal enhancement processing according to the determination result, specifically including: applying smoothing filtering and dynamic compression to the signal when detected as the normal state; enhancing the abnormal frequency band to improve the recognition degree when detected as the abnormal state; A tone generator, connected to the sound processor, when detecting an abnormal state, selects a tone template matching the abnormal type according to the state identification signal, and mixes it with the processed signal in real time to generate a composite audio signal with a warning nature; A volume control unit, connected to the output end of the tone generator, configured to automatically adjust the volume according to the state identification signal and the current running duration of the system, gradually reduce the volume to the user-set comfortable level in the normal state, and quickly increase it to the warning level and maintain the output stability in the abnormal state; The output signal of the volume control unit is directly transmitted to the sound amplification component for external output; Among them, the state determination module is also communicatively connected to the control unit, used to transmit the blood flow state identification to the control unit in real time, and the control unit records the historical change of vascular patency according to the blood flow state identification, and automatically triggers user prompts or relevant coping strategies when continuous abnormal states occur.

5. The integrated system for amplifying intravascular fistula vascular sound and monitoring pressurized exercise according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit is specifically used for: Receiving the vascular sound signal collected by the sound collection component, the contact pressure distribution of the wearing area detected by the pressure sensor, and the wearing angle information measured by the attitude sensor, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of the current wearing state based on the above multi-source data; By analyzing the time-frequency characteristics, pulsation amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio change of the vascular sound, combined with the contact pressure map and the attitude angle, calculating the deviation index between the current wearing state and the ideal fitting attitude preset by the system; According to the deviation index, dynamically adjust the signal processing parameters, including gain compensation for the sound collection signal channel, filter curve optimization or spectrum window movement, to improve the usability of the vascular sound signal under sub-ideal wearing conditions; When the deviation index exceeds the set threshold, the control unit triggers an assisted wearing guidance program, activates the vibration feedback module to issue a directional prompt, and can present a graphical guidance in combination with the display screen or an external terminal to prompt the user to correct the position; Synchronously record each adjustment behavior of the user and its impact on the improvement of signal quality, form a mapping relationship between user behavior and sound collection quality, and optimize the subsequent feedback strategy accordingly to make the guidance method gradually adapt to the user's habits; Establish a data credibility grading model during the data processing process, mark the collected data according to the wearing state quality index, directly use the high-grade data for vascular function evaluation, use the medium-grade data for trend reference, and temporarily store the low-grade data for internal training and system optimization; When the control unit continuously detects that the wearing state deviation exceeds the set threshold and the adjustment is ineffective, it automatically switches to the degraded fault-tolerant operation mode, and sends a remote assistance request through the paired mobile terminal, including the detected signal abnormal type and the user response record, so that medical staff can implement remote intervention and guidance.

6. The integrated system for amplifying the vascular sound of an internal jugular fistula and monitoring pressurized exercise according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressurization component includes an intelligent feedback system, and the intelligent feedback system includes: A plurality of independently controlled elastic pressurization units, arranged around the wearing area, used to apply local pressurization respectively according to the control instruction, and the output pressure of each pressurization unit can be adjusted in real time; A vascular response sensing device is used to collect the pulsation intensity, deformation response, and dilation trend of a local vascular region during the pressurization process. The output signal of the vascular response sensing device is transmitted to a control unit for subsequent modeling and regulation; A venous elasticity modeling module constructs an individualized vascular compliance model based on the pressure response data within multiple exercise cycles. The vascular compliance model is used to predict the vascular dilation results under different pressurization conditions; An adaptive pressurization adjustment module generates the pressurization parameters for the next cycle according to the vascular compliance model and real-time feedback data, including the pressure set values and action durations of each pressurization unit, and makes fine adjustments according to the actual response during the pressurization process.

7. An integrated system for amplifying the vascular sound of an internal jugular fistula and monitoring pressurized exercise according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes a pressurization management module, and the pressurization management module includes a signal processing unit, a fusion evaluation unit, an adaptive adjustment unit, and a data update unit. The signal processing unit performs wavelet transform and spectrogram analysis on the vascular sound signal output by the sound collection component, and extracts the acoustic features related to blood flow patency, including pulsation rhythm, band energy distribution, turbulent noise amplitude, and morphological fluctuation; The fusion evaluation unit is used to receive the acoustic features, perform correlation analysis in combination with the pressure response data fed back by the pressurization component, and receive other physiological parameters such as blood oxygen change and skin temperature gradient to form a dynamic comprehensive evaluation result of the vascular state; The adaptive adjustment unit is used to classify the vascular state based on the training model according to the output result of the fusion evaluation unit, and automatically match the corresponding pressurization strategies, including adjusting the pressurization intensity, rhythm change, frequency parameters, and action duration, to meet the dilation requirements under different vascular states; The data update unit is used to record the corresponding relationship between each pressurization parameter and the vascular response during each exercise process, and construct an individualized pressurization response model; The control unit predicts the short-term vascular state changes based on the individualized pressurization response model, dynamically adjusts the exercise plan, and avoids vascular dilation damage caused by excessive exercise or affecting the maintenance of patency due to insufficient exercise; when it detects that the vascular state deteriorates continuously, the control unit generates a structured report including key analysis indicators and exercise logs, and uploads it to the medical management platform through a remote interface for medical staff to evaluate and adjust the subsequent exercise plan.

8. An integrated system for amplifying vascular sound of arteriovenous fistula and monitoring pressurized exercise according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes a vascular voiceprint recognition module, and the vascular voiceprint recognition module is used for: Forming a user-specific vascular voiceprint template by extracting acoustic features including the frequency distribution, time-domain waveform, harmonic structure, and pulsation rhythm of the blood flow sound; The voiceprint template is updated and optimized according to the samples collected from the user at multiple time points and different exercise stages to enhance its adaptability to physiological fluctuations; The currently collected vascular sound signal is dynamically matched with the voiceprint template after preprocessing, and the voiceprint deviation vector is calculated to reflect the similarity change between the current signal and the existing template; the deviation vector is used to identify the voiceprint change trend, including feature offsets such as rhythm shift, abnormal enhancement of high frequencies, or pulsation instability; Comprehensively judge whether the current acoustic change belongs to a periodic physiological adjustment or a possible pathological change according to the deviation type and amplitude, and generate a status identification signal to be sent to the control unit; The control unit dynamically adjusts the parameter settings of the pressurizing component according to the state identification result, including reducing the pressurizing intensity, shortening the pressurizing duration or prolonging the recovery interval, and determines whether to trigger a remote alarm or recommend a medical reexamination in combination with the previous data.

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