Novel gravity-flotation combined flow tailing discarding process

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral separation processes, and particularly relates to a novel gravity-flotation combined process tailing discarding process. According to the method, the coastal placer tailings are scrubbed, so that slime and impurities wrapping the outer layers of mineral particles can be removed, the fresh surfaces of the mineral particles are exposed, and the effect of a flotation reagent on the mineral particles is improved; sodium carbonate and water glass are used as regulators; oleic acid and sodium oleate are used as collecting agents; terpenic oil is used as a foaming agent for size mixing, and full release of the effect of a flotation reagent is facilitated; and in addition, the flotation operation mode of two-time roughing, three-time scavenging and three-time concentration and reselection are combined, so that the recovery rate of useful minerals in the coastal placer tailings is greatly increased, and the waste of resources is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ore dressing processes, and particularly relates to a new process for tailing rejection in a combined gravity and flotation process. Background Art

[0002] Beach placer deposits refer to placer deposits with industrial value formed by the enrichment of heavy minerals in the coastal environment. They are widely distributed and contain not only minerals such as zircon, ilmenite, rutile, cassiterite, monazite, xenotime, magnetite, chromite, niobite, placer gold, diamond, etc., but also have rich reserves.

[0003] In related technologies, the methods for dressing beach placer deposits mainly include: single tailing rejection treatments such as flotation, magnetic separation, or electrostatic separation. However, in the treatment of fine-grained minerals by flotation, it may be difficult for the mineral particles to effectively adhere to the bubbles due to their excessive fineness, resulting in a decrease in recovery rate; magnetic separation has relatively high requirements for the grade of magnetic minerals, and the separation effect of low-grade ores may not be ideal; while electrostatic separation requires strict control of the operation process, and the electrostatic separation equipment is complex, with high investment costs and requires professional personnel to operate. It can be seen that the existing ore dressing technologies have the disadvantages of unsatisfactory recovery and separation effects, as well as high labor and cost consumption. Therefore, how to improve the recovery rate of placer deposits on the basis of cost savings is an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new process for tailing rejection in a combined gravity and flotation process, which is simple to operate, cost-saving, and has a high recovery rate.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for tailing rejection in a combined gravity and flotation new process, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Scrub the beach placer tailings to obtain a slurry;

[0007] Sequentially subject the slurry to sectional pulp conditioning with a regulator, a collector, and a frother to obtain conditioned tailings;

[0008] Float the conditioned tailings to obtain floated tailings;

[0009] Perform gravity separation on the floated tailings to obtain gravity separation products;

[0010] The regulator includes: soda ash and water glass;

[0011] The collector includes: oleic acid and sodium oleate;

[0012] The frother includes: pine oil;

[0013] The flotation includes: two-stage roughing, three-stage scavenging, and three-stage cleaning.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the soda ash to the water glass is 1:3-4; the mass ratio of the regulator to the slurry is 1500-2000 g:1 t.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of the oleic acid to the sodium oleate is 2:3-3.5; the mass ratio of the collector to the slurry is 450-500 g:1 t;

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the foaming agent to the slurry is 30-40 g:1 t.

[0017] Preferably, the secondary rougher flotation includes: the first rougher flotation and the second rougher flotation;

[0018] Based on the mass of the slurry, when performing the second rougher flotation, the addition amounts of the regulator, oleic acid, and foaming agent to the mass of the slurry are 500-550 g:100-150 g:10-20 g:1 t.

[0019] Preferably, the three-stage scavenger flotation includes: the first scavenger flotation, the second scavenger flotation, and the third scavenger flotation;

[0020] Based on the mass of the slurry, when performing the first scavenger flotation, the mass ratio of the sodium oleate, foaming agent, and slurry is 150-200 g:5-10 g:1 t;

[0021] Based on the mass of the slurry, when performing the second scavenger flotation, the mass ratio of the oleic acid, foaming agent, and slurry is 50-60 g:5-10 g:1 t.

[0022] Preferably, the three-stage cleaner flotation includes: the first cleaner flotation, the second cleaner flotation, and the third cleaner flotation

[0023] When performing the second cleaner flotation, based on the mass of the slurry, the mass ratio of the regulator to the slurry is 500-600 g:1 t.

[0024] Preferably, the medium for scrubbing is water; the scrubbing time ≥ 45 min; the scrubbing concentration is 45%-55%.

[0025] Preferably, when performing the flotation, the flotation concentration is 45%-55%; the flotation temperature is 25-30 °C.

[0026] Preferably, the operating concentration of the gravity separation is 8%-12%; the temperature of the gravity separation is 20-30 °C.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention provides a method for discarding tailings in a new combined gravity and flotation process, which is characterized by including the following steps: successively scrubbing, pulp conditioning, flotation, and gravity separation of beach placer tailings; the regulators include: soda ash and water glass; the collectors include: oleic acid and sodium oleate; the frother includes: pine oil; the flotation includes: two rough selections, three scavenging selections, and three cleaning selections. By scrubbing, the slime and impurities wrapped on the outer layer of mineral particles are removed, exposing the fresh surface of the mineral particles, so as to improve the action of flotation reagents on the mineral particles; by selecting appropriate regulators, collectors, and frothers, adopting the flotation operation mode of "two roughs, three scavengings, and three cleans" and combining with gravity separation, the recovery rate of useful minerals in beach placer tailings is greatly improved, and resource waste is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the flotation operation provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, methods, and equipment used are all purchased conventionally.

[0032] The scrubbing concentration described in the present invention refers to the mass percentage of solid materials in the pulp during the scrubbing process.

[0033] The flotation concentration described in the present invention refers to the mass percentage of solid particles in the pulp during the flotation process.

[0034] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following will describe in detail the solutions provided by the present invention in combination with embodiments, but they cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for discarding tailings in a new combined gravity and flotation process, steps:

[0037] (1) Scrubbing

[0038] The beach placer tailings (denoted as raw materials, with a ZrO2 content of 4.93% and a TiO2 content of 22.67% in the raw materials) are continuously fed into a scrubber for scrubbing for 45 minutes to obtain the scrubbed raw materials; by scrubbing, the slime and impurities wrapped on the outer layer of mineral particles are removed, exposing the fresh surface of the mineral particles, which is conducive to the action of flotation reagents on the mineral particles;

[0039] Among them, the feeding method of the scrubber is continuous feeding and discharging, with water as the medium. The processing capacity of the scrubber is 30 tons per hour, and the scrubbing concentration is 50%.

[0040] (2) Slurry preparation

[0041] Use a JB-2 type stirring tank for slurry preparation. After adding 300 g of soda ash and 1200 g of water glass to 1 ton of scrubbed raw materials, stir and prepare the slurry for the first time for 5 minutes to obtain the raw materials after the first slurry preparation;

[0042] Add 150 g of oleic acid and 300 g of sodium oleate to the raw materials after the first slurry preparation and stir and prepare the slurry for the second time for 5 minutes to obtain the raw materials after the second slurry preparation;

[0043] Add 30 g of pine oil alcohol to the raw materials after the second slurry preparation and stir and prepare the slurry for the third time for 5 minutes to obtain the slurry-prepared raw materials.

[0044] (3) Flotation (see the operation schematic diagram in Figure 1 )

[0045] Adopt the operation method of "two-stage roughing, three-stage scavenging and three-stage cleaning". The flotation concentration is 45% (i.e., the first-stage roughing concentration), the flotation temperature is room temperature (25 - 30 °C), continuous feeding and discharging, and the processing capacity is 15 tons per hour. The specific process is as follows:

[0046] Conduct the first-stage roughing on the slurry-prepared raw materials to obtain the first rough concentrate and the first rougher tailings;

[0047] Add 100 g of soda ash, 400 g of water glass, 100 g of oleic acid and 10 g of pine oil alcohol to the first rougher tailings and then conduct the second-stage roughing to obtain the second rough concentrate and the second rougher tailings;

[0048] Add 150 g of sodium oleate and 5 g of pine oil alcohol to the second rougher tailings and then conduct the first-stage scavenging to obtain the first scavenging middlings and the first scavenging tailings; The first scavenging middlings are returned to the second-stage roughing process for operation;

[0049] Add 50 g of oleic acid and 5 g of pine oil alcohol to the first scavenging tailings and then conduct the second-stage scavenging to obtain the second scavenging middlings and the second scavenging tailings; The second scavenging middlings are returned to the first-stage scavenging process for operation;

[0050] Conduct the third-stage scavenging on the second scavenging tailings to obtain the third scavenging middlings and the tailings (i.e., the flotation tailings); The third scavenging middlings are returned to the second-stage scavenging process for operation;

[0051] Merge the first rough concentrate and the second rough concentrate into the rough concentrate and conduct the first-stage cleaning to obtain the first cleaning middlings and the first cleaning concentrate; The first cleaning middlings are returned to the first-stage roughing process for operation;

[0052] Add 100 g of soda ash and 400 g of water glass to the first selected concentrate for the second selection to obtain the second selected middlings and the second selected concentrate; the second selected middlings are returned to the operation in the first selection process.

[0053] Perform the third selection on the second selected concentrate to obtain the third selected middlings and the concentrate (i.e., the flotation concentrate); the third selected middlings are returned to the operation in the second selection process.

[0054] (4) Gravity separation

[0055] Perform gravity separation on the tailings to achieve tailing rejection of beach placer tailings. The tailings obtained in this process are recorded as gravity separation tailings.

[0056] Use a spiral chute as the tailing rejection equipment, with an operating concentration of 10%, room temperature (20 - 30 °C), and a processing capacity of 10 tons per hour.

[0057] Comparative example 1

[0058] A method for tailing rejection in a new combined gravity and flotation process, steps:

[0059] The difference from Example 1 is only in step (2), and the process of step (2) is as follows:

[0060] (2) Slurry preparation

[0061] Take the scrubbed raw materials in Example 1 and use a JB-2 type stirring tank for slurry preparation. After adding 300 g of soda ash, 1200 g of water glass, and 60 g of caustic soda to 1 ton of scrubbed raw materials, stir and prepare the slurry for the first time for 5 minutes to obtain the first slurry-prepared raw materials;

[0062] Add 150 g of oleic acid and 300 g of sodium oleate to the first slurry-prepared raw materials and stir and prepare the slurry for the second time for 5 minutes to obtain the second slurry-prepared raw materials;

[0063] Add 30 g of pine oil alcohol to the second slurry-prepared raw materials and stir and prepare the slurry for the third time for 5 minutes to obtain the slurry-prepared raw materials.

[0064] Comparative example 2

[0065] A method for tailing rejection in a new combined gravity and flotation process, steps:

[0066] The difference from Example 1 is only in step (2), and the process of step (2) is as follows:

[0067] (2) Slurry preparation

[0068] Take the scrubbed raw materials in Example 1 and use a JB-2 type stirring tank for slurry preparation. After adding 300 g of soda ash and 1500 g of water glass to 1 ton of scrubbed raw materials, stir and prepare the slurry for the first time for 5 minutes to obtain the first slurry-prepared raw materials;

[0069] Add 150 g of oleic acid and 300 g of sodium oleate to the raw material after the first sizing, and carry out the second stirring and sizing for 5 min to obtain the raw material after the second sizing;

[0070] Add 30 g of pine oil to the raw material after the second sizing, and carry out the third stirring and sizing for 5 min to obtain the sized raw material.

[0071] Comparative Example 3

[0072] A method for tailing rejection in a new combined gravity and flotation process, steps:

[0073] The difference from Example 1 is only in step (2), and the process of step (2) is as follows:

[0074] (2) Sizing

[0075] Take the scrubbed raw material in Example 1, use a JB-2 type stirring tank for sizing. After adding 300 g of soda ash and 1200 g of water glass to 1 ton of scrubbed raw material, carry out the first stirring and sizing for 5 min to obtain the raw material after the first sizing;

[0076] Add 150 g of oleic acid to the raw material after the first sizing, and carry out the second stirring and sizing for 5 min to obtain the raw material after the second sizing;

[0077] Add 30 g of pine oil to the raw material after the second sizing, and carry out the third stirring and sizing for 5 min to obtain the sized raw material.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] A method for tailing rejection in a new combined gravity and flotation process, steps:

[0080] The difference from Example 1 is only in step (2), and the process of step (2) is as follows:

[0081] (2) Sizing

[0082] Take the scrubbed raw material in Example 1, use a JB-2 type stirring tank for sizing. After adding 300 g of soda ash and 1200 g of water glass to 1 ton of scrubbed raw material, carry out the first stirring and sizing for 5 min to obtain the raw material after the first sizing;

[0083] Add 150 g of oleic acid and 450 g of sodium oleate to the raw material after the first sizing, and carry out the second stirring and sizing for 5 min to obtain the raw material after the second sizing;

[0084] Add 30 g of pine oil to the raw material after the second sizing, and carry out the third stirring and sizing for 5 min to obtain the sized raw material.

[0085] Comparative Example 5

[0086] A method for tailing rejection in a new combined gravity and flotation process, steps:

[0087] The difference from Example 1 is only in step (3), and the process of step (3) is as follows:

[0088] Take the scrubbed raw materials in Example 1, adjust the pulp, and then perform flotation.

[0089] (3) Flotation

[0090] Adopt the operation mode of "one rough selection, two scavenging selections and two cleaning selections", the flotation concentration is 45%, the flotation temperature is room temperature (25 - 30 °C), continuous feeding and discharging, and the hourly processing capacity is 15 tons. The specific process:

[0091] Perform the first rough selection on the pulp-adjusted raw materials to obtain the first rough concentrate and the first rough tailings;

[0092] Add 150 g of sodium oleate and 5 g of pine oil alcohol to the first rough tailings and then perform the first scavenging selection to obtain the first scavenging concentrate and the first scavenging tailings; the first scavenging concentrate is returned to the second rough selection process for operation;

[0093] Add 50 g of oleic acid and 5 g of pine oil alcohol to the first scavenging tailings and then perform the second scavenging selection to obtain the second scavenging concentrate and the tailings; the second scavenging concentrate is returned to the first scavenging selection process for operation;

[0094] Perform the first cleaning selection on the first rough concentrate to obtain the first cleaning concentrate and the first cleaning middlings; the first cleaning middlings are returned to the first rough selection process for operation;

[0095] Add 100 g of soda ash and 400 g of water glass to the first cleaning concentrate and perform the second cleaning selection to obtain the second cleaning concentrate and the second cleaning middlings; the second cleaning middlings are returned to the first cleaning selection process for operation;

[0096] Comparative Example 6

[0097] A method for tailing rejection in a new combined gravity and flotation process, steps:

[0098] The difference from Example 1 is only in step (3), and the process of step (3) is as follows:

[0099] Take the scrubbed raw materials in Example 1, adjust the pulp, and then perform flotation.

[0100] (3) Flotation

[0101] Adopt the operation mode of "two rough selections, three scavenging selections and three cleaning selections", the flotation concentration is 45%, the flotation temperature is room temperature (25 - 30 °C), continuous feeding and discharging, and the hourly processing capacity is 15 tons. The specific process:

[0102] The sized raw materials are subjected to the first rough selection to obtain the first rough concentrate and the first rougher tailings;

[0103] 100 g of soda ash, 400 g of water glass, 100 g of oleic acid and 10 g of pine oil are added to the first rougher tailings, followed by the second rough selection to obtain the second rough concentrate and the second rougher tailings;

[0104] 150 g of oleic acid and 5 g of pine oil are added to the second rougher tailings, followed by the first scavenging to obtain the first scavenger middlings and the first scavenger tailings; the first scavenger middlings are returned to the second rough selection process for operation;

[0105] 50 g of sodium oleate and 5 g of pine oil are added to the first scavenger tailings, followed by the second scavenging to obtain the second scavenger middlings and the second scavenger tailings; the second scavenger middlings are returned to the first scavenging process for operation;

[0106] The second scavenger tailings are subjected to the third scavenging to obtain the third scavenger middlings and the tailings; the third scavenger middlings are returned to the second scavenging process for operation;

[0107] The first rough concentrate and the second rough concentrate are combined into a rough concentrate for the first cleaning to obtain the first cleaning middlings and the first cleaning concentrate; the first cleaning middlings are returned to the first rough selection process for operation;

[0108] 100 g of soda ash and 400 g of water glass are added to the first cleaning concentrate for the second cleaning to obtain the second cleaning middlings and the second cleaning concentrate; the second cleaning middlings are returned to the first cleaning process for operation;

[0109] The second cleaning concentrate is subjected to the third cleaning to obtain the third cleaning middlings and the concentrate; the third cleaning middlings are returned to the second cleaning process for operation.

[0110] Comparative Example 7

[0111] A method for discarding tailings in a new process, steps:

[0112] The difference from Example 1 is only that step (4) is omitted.

[0113] The sized raw materials in Example 1 are taken for sizing and then subjected to flotation.

[0114] Application Example 1

[0115] The grades of the flotation concentrate, the grades of the flotation tailings and the grades of the gravity separation tailings in the treatment processes of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7 are respectively statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0116] Table 1 Grades of materials in different treatments

[0117]

[0118] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, when treating tailings with the technical solution provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, under the condition that the content of ZrO2 in the feedstock is 4.93% and the content of TiO2 is 22.67%, gravity separation tailings with a final ZrO2 content of 0.83% and a TiO2 content of 1.28%, as well as flotation concentrate with a ZrO2 content of 9.99% and a TiO2 content of 48.32% can be obtained. The useful mineral components are fully recovered and utilized. The recovery rate of ZrO2 is 92.14%, and the recovery rate of TiO2 is 96.92%.

[0119] In summary, by scrubbing beach placer tailings, the present invention is beneficial to removing the slime and impurities wrapped around the outer layer of mineral particles, exposing the fresh surface of mineral particles, so as to improve the action of flotation reagents on mineral particles; by using soda ash and water glass as regulators, oleic acid and sodium oleate as collectors, and pine oil as a foaming agent for pulp conditioning, it is beneficial to fully release the efficacy of flotation reagents; combined with the flotation operation mode of "two roughing, three scavenging, and three cleaning" and gravity separation, the recovery rate of useful minerals in beach placer tailings is greatly improved, and resource waste is reduced.

[0120] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments without creative efforts based on these embodiments, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for tailing rejection in a new combined heavy and light flotation process, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Scrub the beach placer tailings to obtain a slurry; Sequentially perform staged pulp conditioning on the said slurry with a regulator, a collector, and a frother to obtain conditioned tailings; Float the said conditioned tailings to obtain floated tailings; Perform gravity separation on the said floated tailings to obtain gravity separation products; The said regulator includes: soda ash and water glass; The said collector includes: oleic acid and sodium oleate; The said frother includes: pine oil; The said flotation includes: two-stage roughing, three-stage scavenging, and three-stage cleaning.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the soda ash to the water glass is 1:3 - 4; the mass ratio of the regulator to the slurry is 1500 - 2000 g:1 t.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the oleic acid to the sodium oleate is 1:2 - 2.5; the mass ratio of the collector to the slurry is 450 - 500 g:1 t.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the frother to the slurry is 30 - 40 g:1 t.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The said two-stage roughing includes: the first roughing and the second roughing; Based on the mass of the slurry, when performing the second roughing, the addition amounts of the regulator, oleic acid, and frother to the slurry have a mass ratio of 500 - 550 g:100 - 150 g:10 - 20 g:1 t.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The said three-stage scavenging includes: the first scavenging, the second scavenging, and the third scavenging; Based on the mass of the slurry, when performing the first scavenging, the mass ratio of sodium oleate, frother, and slurry is 150 - 200 g:5 - 10 g:1 t; Based on the mass of the slurry, when performing the second scavenging, the mass ratio of oleic acid, frother, and slurry is 50 - 60 g:5 - 10 g:1 t.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The said three-stage cleaning includes: the first cleaning, the second cleaning, and the third cleaning When performing the second cleaning, based on the mass of the slurry, the mass ratio of the regulator to the slurry is 500 - 600 g:1 t.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium for the scrubbing is water; the scrubbing time ≥ 45 min; the scrubbing concentration is 45% - 55%.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When performing the flotation, the flotation concentration is 45% - 55%; the flotation temperature is 25 - 30 °C.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein The operating concentration of the gravity separation is 8% - 12%; the temperature of the gravity separation is 20 - 30 °C.

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