Broaching machine tool and broaching method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of metal cutting, in particular to a broaching machine tool and a broaching method thereof. A broaching machine tool comprises a plurality of outer surface broaching tools, a plurality of broaching teeth are evenly distributed on the right portions of the lower sides of the outer surface broaching tools, the heights of the broaching teeth are sequentially increased from left to right, inserting holes are formed in the left portions of the outer surface broaching tools, the outer surface broaching tools are arranged in a front-back attached mode, and inserting rods penetrate through the inserting holes at the same time. A door-shaped piece is further included, a limiting groove is formed in the door-shaped piece, the left ends of the outer surface broaches are all inserted into the limiting groove, the front end and the rear end of the inserting rod are inserted into the front side and the rear side of the door-shaped piece respectively, and the front end and the rear end of the inserting rod are both in threaded connection with blocking heads. The width of the broach can be adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of metal cutting, and more specifically to a broaching machine tool and a broaching method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the modern mechanical manufacturing industry, broaching processing plays a key role in many parts production links due to its significant advantages of high efficiency, high precision, and the ability to process workpieces with complex shapes. As the core equipment for realizing broaching processing, the performance of the broaching machine tool directly affects the processing quality and production efficiency. Most of the broaches used in existing broaching machine tools are of an integral design with a fixed structure. This means that in the actual production process, once faced with the processing task of workpieces with different width requirements, the existing technology cannot adjust the width of the broach at will. When it is necessary to process a wider workpiece, the existing narrow broach cannot meet the requirements, and when it is necessary to process a narrower workpiece, the wide broach cannot be effectively adapted. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a broaching machine tool and a broaching method thereof, and the beneficial effect is that the width of the broach can be adjusted.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: A broaching machine tool includes an outer surface broach. A plurality of outer surface broaches are provided, and a plurality of broaching teeth are evenly distributed on the lower right part of the outer surface broach. The heights of the plurality of broaching teeth increase sequentially from left to right. A jack is provided on the left part of the outer surface broach. The plurality of outer surface broaches are arranged in contact with each other front and back, and the insertion rod passes through the plurality of jacks at the same time.

[0005] It further includes a gantry member. A limiting groove is provided on the gantry member. The left ends of the plurality of outer surface broaches are inserted into the limiting groove. The front and rear ends of the insertion rod are respectively inserted into the front and back sides of the gantry member, and blocking heads are threadedly connected to the front and rear ends of the insertion rod.

[0006] It further includes two clamping seats. Both clamping seats are arranged inside the gantry member. Two guide rods are fixed on the outer side of each clamping seat. The guide rods are slidably connected to the corresponding sides of the gantry member. Telescopic rods I are fixed on both sides of the gantry member, and the end parts of the two telescopic rods I are respectively fixed on the two clamping seats. The two clamping seats respectively press on the two outermost outer surface broaches.

[0007] A convex seat is fixed on the upper side of the gantry member. A cross bar is slidably connected to the convex seat horizontally. A plurality of wheel frames are fixed on the right part of the cross bar from left to right. A runner is rotatably connected to each wheel frame, and the plurality of runners are in contact with the upper sides of the plurality of outer surface broaches.

[0008] It further includes two baffle plates, both of which are slidably connected to a plurality of rotating wheels in the front-back direction. A second telescopic rod is fixed on one of the wheel brackets, and the end parts of the two second telescopic rods are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the two baffle plates.

[0009] Horizontal grooves are arranged on the front and rear sides of each of the external surface broaches, and convex ridges are arranged on the lower edges of the opposite sides of the two baffle plates. The two convex ridges are respectively inserted into the corresponding horizontal grooves on the two outermost external surface broaches.

[0010] It further includes a workbench, legs are fixed at the four corners of the lower side of the workbench, a magnetic adsorption table is fixed on the upper side of the workbench, the workpiece to be broached is magnetically adsorbed on the magnetic adsorption table, two round rods are fixed at the rear of the workbench, and two convex strips are fixed on the rear side of the workbench. The rear parts of the two convex strips are respectively slidably connected to the two round rods in the vertical direction.

[0011] Two cross bars are fixed on the left side of the U-shaped part, both of which are slidably connected to the square seat in the horizontal direction. A motor bracket is fixed on the square seat, a motor is fixed on the motor bracket, a lead screw is fixed on the output shaft of the motor, a lead screw nut is fixed on the convex seat, and the lead screw is in threaded cooperation with the lead screw nut.

[0012] A vertical column is fixed on the lower side of the square seat, the vertical column is slidably connected to the bracket in the vertical direction, and a third telescopic rod is fixed on the bracket. The upper end of the third telescopic rod is fixed on the motor bracket.

[0013] The broaching method includes the following steps: Step 1: Magnetically adsorb the workpiece on the magnetic adsorption table for fixation; Step 2: Adjust the number of external surface broaches according to the width to be broached, and arrange multiple external surface broaches in a front-back fitting manner; Step 3: Insert the left ends of multiple external surface broaches into the limit grooves, then insert the insertion rods into the U-shaped part and multiple external surface broaches at the same time to fix the multiple external surface broaches on the U-shaped part; Step 4: Press multiple external surface broaches tightly by moving two clamping seats closer to make multiple external surface broaches into a whole; Step 5: Broach the workpiece with multiple external surface broaches. Description of the Drawings

[0014] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic structure of a broaching machine tool Figure 1 ; Figure 2 It is a schematic structure of a broaching machine tool Figure 2 ; Figure 3 It is a schematic structure of a broaching machine tool Figure 3 ; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a broaching machine Figure 4 ; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a broaching machine Figure 5 ; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of an external surface broach Figure 1 ; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of an external surface broach Figure 2 ; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of a portal-shaped part Figure 1 ; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of a portal-shaped part Figure 2 ; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of a cross bar Figure 1 ; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of a cross bar Figure 2 ; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of a bracket; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of a workbench.

[0016] In the figure: external surface broach 101; jack 102; transverse groove 103; broaching teeth 104; Portal-shaped part 201; inserting rod 202; first telescopic rod 203; guide rod 204; clamping seat 205; convex seat 206; lead screw nut 207; cross bar 208; limit groove 209; Cross bar 301; convex rib 302; runner 303; wheel frame 304; second telescopic rod 305; convex strip 306; baffle 307; Bracket 401; third telescopic rod 402; vertical column 403; square seat 404; lead screw 405; motor 406; motor frame 407; Workbench 501; support leg 502; magnetic adsorption table 503; round rod 504. Specific implementation manner

[0017] As Figures 6-9 shown; Since the broaching machine includes external surface broaches 101, and there are multiple external surface broaches 101. A plurality of broaching teeth 104 are evenly distributed on the lower right part of the external surface broach 101. The heights of the plurality of broaching teeth 104 increase sequentially from left to right. A jack 102 is provided on the left part of the external surface broach 101. The multiple external surface broaches 101 are arranged in a front-to-back and side-by-side manner. The inserting rod 202 passes through the multiple jacks 102 at the same time. The left ends of the multiple external surface broaches 101 are restricted to the same position by the inserting rod 202, so that the multiple external surface broaches 101 are aligned. Then it is convenient to arrange the multiple external surface broaches 101 in a front-to-back and side-by-side manner. Different numbers of external surface broaches 101 are set according to the different widths to be broached, and the total width of the broach is adjusted, so that it is convenient to broach the external surface of the workpiece with broaches of different widths combined by the multiple external surface broaches 101. During broaching, the broach moves linearly relative to the workpiece, and the machining allowance of the workpiece is sequentially removed by the teeth of the broach with gradually increasing dimensions. Each tooth is higher than the previous tooth by a certain amount, and this increased amount is called the tooth rise. In this way, the broach can gradually remove the material on the workpiece with a smaller cutting force, layer by layer remove the machining allowance, and finally achieve the required size and shape. If the heights of the broaching teeth are the same, this kind of layer-by-layer cutting cannot be realized, which may lead to excessive cutting force, exceeding the bearing range of the machine tool and the tool, or it is difficult to guarantee the machining accuracy due to removing too much material at one time.

[0018] As Figures 6-9 shown; Since the broaching machine further includes a gantry part 201, a limiting groove 209 is provided on the gantry part 201. The left ends of the multiple external surface broaches 101 are inserted into the limiting groove 209. The front and rear ends of the inserting rod 202 are respectively inserted into the front and rear sides of the gantry part 201. Blocking heads are threadedly connected to the front and rear ends of the inserting rod 202. Since the left ends of the multiple external surface broaches 101 are inserted into the limiting groove 209, each external surface broach 101 is guaranteed to be restricted in the horizontal position, so that the multiple external surface broaches 101 are horizontally arranged. The inserting rod 202 restricts the multiple external surface broaches 101 on the gantry part 201. While aligning the multiple external surface broaches 101, it avoids the multiple external surface broaches 101 detaching from the gantry part 201, and then installs the multiple external surface broaches 101 on the gantry part 201.

[0019] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the broaching machine is used to process metal parts of small electronic devices, which are small in size and have high precision requirements. The gantry part 201 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material, with a height of 200 mm, a width of 300 mm, and a thickness of 20 mm. The width of the limiting groove 209 is designed to be 10 mm, and the depth is 15 mm. The external surface broach 101 is made of cemented carbide, with a length of 150 mm, a rectangular cross-section, a width of 8 mm, and a height of 12 mm. Five external surface broaches 101 are used for broaching operations this time. The plug rod 202 is made of stainless steel, with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 350 mm. The blocking head uses a standard stainless steel hexagonal nut.

[0020] As Figures 6-9 shown; Since the broaching machine also includes two clamping seats 205, both of the two clamping seats 205 are arranged inside the gantry 201. Two guide rods 204 are welded on the outer side of each clamping seat 205, and the guide rods 204 are slidably connected to the corresponding side of the gantry 201. Telescopic rods one 203 are fixed on both sides of the gantry 201, and the end parts of the two telescopic rods one 203 are respectively fixed on the two clamping seats 205. The two clamping seats 205 are respectively pressed on the two outermost external surface broaches 101. Each clamping seat 205 can move back and forth on the gantry 201 through the two guide rods 204 thereon. By the expansion and contraction of the telescopic rod one 203, the clamping seat 205 can be driven to move back and forth, driving the two clamping seats 205 to approach each other, thereby pressing the arranged multiple external surface broaches 101 tightly together front and back, making the multiple external surface broaches 101 closely fit into a complete broach.

[0021] As Figures 6-11 shown; Since a convex seat 206 is fixed on the upper side of the gantry 201, the cross bar 301 is slidably connected to the convex seat 206 horizontally. A plurality of wheel frames 304 are bolted to the right part of the cross bar 301 from left to right. A runner 303 is rotatably connected to each wheel frame 304. A plurality of runners 303 are all in contact with the upper sides of the plurality of external surface broaches 101. By supporting on the upper sides of the plurality of external surface broaches 101 through the plurality of runners 303, it is prevented that the plurality of external surface broaches 101 are deformed and lifted during broaching. This support design of the plurality of runners 303 shows excellent stability improvement effect in actual broaching operations. When the external surface broach 101 performs high-intensity broaching, it will bear huge cutting forces. Without effective support, the broach is extremely likely to be deformed and lifted due to uneven force, which will not only affect the broaching accuracy, but also may cause damage to the broach. The close support of the plurality of runners 303 is like building a solid defense line, firmly restricting the broach in a predetermined position.

[0022] As Figures 10-11 shown; Since the broaching machine further includes two baffles 307, both of the two baffles 307 are slidably connected to a plurality of runner wheels 303 in the front-rear direction. A second telescopic rod 305 is fixed on one of the wheel brackets 304, and the end portions of the two second telescopic rods 305 are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the two baffles 307. The front-rear movement of the two baffles 307 is respectively controlled by the telescopic movement of the two second telescopic rods 305, and further the distance between the two baffles 307 is controlled. The two baffles 307 are adjusted according to the total width of the plurality of external surface broaches 101, so as to perform front-rear limit on the overall broach formed by the plurality of external surface broaches 101, prevent the overall broach from jittering in the front-rear direction during the left-right movement broaching, and in the high-load and long-time broaching operation, the stable state of the broach also has a crucial impact on the overall stability and reliability of the equipment. Since the baffle 307 effectively suppresses the front-rear direction jitter of the broach, it reduces the unnecessary friction and collision generated between the broach and other components of the machine tool due to abnormal vibration. This can not only extend the service life of the broach, reduce the tool replacement frequency, but also reduce the equipment failure rate.

[0023] As Figures 6-7 shown in FIGS. 10-11; Since transverse grooves 103 are provided on both the front and rear sides of each external surface broach 101, convex ridges 302 are provided on the lower edges of the opposite sides of the two baffles 307. The two convex ridges 302 are respectively inserted into the corresponding transverse grooves 103 on the outermost two external surface broaches 101, and the outermost two external surface broaches 101 slide left and right along the convex ridges 302 on the two baffles 307 through the transverse grooves 103 thereon, further improving the stability of the broach when broaching the outer surface of the workpiece left and right. This cooperative design of the transverse groove 103 and the convex ridge 302 exhibits excellent performance in a complex broaching environment. When facing a workpiece material with a higher hardness, the cutting force generated during the broaching process will increase sharply, and the pressure borne by the broach will also increase sharply. And the stable sliding connection structure enables the broach to still maintain a stable running track under the powerful cutting force, ensuring that each broaching action is accurate. For example, when processing a high-strength alloy steel workpiece, the machining accuracy deviation of an ordinary broaching device may reach ±0.1 mm or even higher due to the instability of the broach, while the broaching machine with this special structure can control the accuracy deviation within ±0.03 mm, greatly improving the product quality.

[0024] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, there is a unique design between the transverse grooves 103 of two adjacent external surface broaches 101, into which a strip-shaped spacer can be inserted. When these strip-shaped spacers are accurately inserted into the transverse grooves 103, a uniform gap is formed between multiple external surface broaches 101. During the broaching process, this gap layout plays a crucial role. It enables the broach to cut stably and orderly on the plane, and then can accurately broach multiple equally spaced grooves. This technology utilizes the combined structure of the broach and the spacer to evenly distribute the cutting force of the broach, ensuring a high degree of consistency in the depth, width, and spacing of each groove, providing a strong guarantee for the high-precision machining of mechanical components.

[0025] As Figure 13 shown; Since the broaching machine tool further includes a workbench 501, legs 502 are fixed at the four corners of the lower side of the workbench 501, a magnetic chuck 503 is fixed on the upper side of the workbench 501, and the workpiece to be broached is magnetically attracted to the magnetic chuck 503. Two round rods 504 are fixed at the rear of the workbench 501, and two convex strips 306 are fixed on the rear side of the workbench 501. The rear parts of the two convex strips 306 are respectively slidably connected to the two round rods 504 in the vertical direction. When the workpiece approaches the magnetic chuck 503, the magnetic field generated by the magnetic chuck 503 will change the direction of the magnetic domains inside the workpiece, tending to be consistent with the external magnetic field direction, thereby magnetizing the workpiece and making it a temporary magnet. At this time, an attractive force is generated between the magnetic chuck 503 and the workpiece due to the interaction of the magnetic fields, tightly adsorbing the workpiece on the surface of the magnetic chuck. In this way, the workpiece can maintain a fixed position during the broaching process, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the broaching process. The two convex strips 306 can move up and down on the two round rods 504, so that the cross bar 301, multiple rotating wheels 303, and the wheel frame 304 will always be above the workbench 501, enabling the multiple rotating wheels 303 to always support the upper sides of the multiple external surface broaches 101 during the left and right broaching of the multiple external surface broaches 101, improving the stability of the multiple external surface broaches 101 during operation.

[0026] As Figures 8-9 and 12 shown; Since two cross bars 208 are welded to the left side of the portal-shaped member 201, and the two cross bars 208 are both horizontally slidably connected to the square base 404. A motor mount 407 is bolted to the square base 404, and a motor 406 is bolted to the motor mount 407. A lead screw 405 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 406 through a coupling. A lead screw nut 207 is fixed on the convex seat 206, and the lead screw 405 is engaged with the lead screw nut 207 through threads. By driving the lead screw 405 to rotate by the motor 406, the convex seat 206 and the portal-shaped member 201 are driven to move left and right. At this time, the two cross bars 208 slide left and right on the square base 404. When the portal-shaped member 201 moves left and right, it drives the plurality of external surface broaches 101 to move left and right, thereby driving the external surface broaches 101 to perform broaching operations.

[0027] As Figure 12 shown; Since a vertical column 403 is fixed to the lower side of the square base 404, the vertical column 403 is vertically slidably connected to the bracket 401. A third telescopic rod 402 is fixed to the bracket 401, and the upper end of the third telescopic rod 402 is fixed to the motor mount 407. By the telescopic movement of the third telescopic rod 402, the square base 404, the lead screw 405, the motor 406 and the motor mount 407 are driven to move up and down, thereby driving the two cross bars 208 and the square base 404 to move up and down, thereby driving the plurality of external surface broaches 101 to move up and down, and further driving the plurality of external surface broaches 101 to approach or move away from the workpiece.

[0028] A broaching method for a broaching machine tool, the broaching method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Magnetically adsorb the workpiece on the magnetic adsorption table 503 for fixation; Step 2: Adjust the number of the external surface broaches 101 according to the width to be broached, and arrange the plurality of external surface broaches 101 in a front-to-back fitting arrangement; Step 3: Insert the left ends of the plurality of external surface broaches 101 into the limiting grooves 209, and then insert the insertion rods 202 into the portal-shaped member 201 and the plurality of external surface broaches 101 at the same time to fix the plurality of external surface broaches 101 on the portal-shaped member 201; Step 4: Press the plurality of external surface broaches 101 tightly by the mutual approach of the two clamping seats 205 to make the plurality of external surface broaches 101 into a whole; Step 5: Broach the workpiece with the plurality of external surface broaches 101.

Claims

1. A broaching machine, comprising an external surface broach (101), characterized in that: A plurality of the outer surface broaches (101) are provided. A plurality of broaching teeth (104) are evenly distributed on the lower right part of the outer surface broach (101). The heights of the plurality of broaching teeth (104) increase sequentially from left to right. A socket (102) is provided on the left part of the outer surface broach (101). The plurality of outer surface broaches (101) are arranged in contact with each other front and back. The inserting rod (202) passes through the plurality of sockets (102) simultaneously.

2. A broaching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a portal member (201). A limiting groove (209) is provided on the portal member (201). The left ends of the plurality of outer surface broaches (101) are inserted into the limiting groove (209). The front and rear ends of the inserting rod (202) are respectively inserted into the front and rear sides of the portal member (201). Blocking heads are threadedly connected to both the front and rear ends of the inserting rod (202).

3. A broaching machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: It further includes two clamping seats (205). Both of the two clamping seats (205) are arranged inside the portal member (201). Two guide rods (204) are fixed to the outer side of each clamping seat (205). The guide rods (204) are slidably connected to the corresponding sides of the portal member (201). Telescopic rods one (203) are fixed to both sides of the portal member (201). The end parts of the two telescopic rods one (203) are respectively fixed to the two clamping seats (205). The two clamping seats (205) respectively press on the two outermost outer surface broaches (101).

4. A broaching machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: A convex seat (206) is fixed to the upper side of the portal member (201). A cross bar (301) is slidably connected to the convex seat (206) transversely. A plurality of wheel frames (304) are fixed to the right part of the cross bar (301) from left to right. A runner (303) is rotatably connected to each wheel frame (304). The plurality of runners (303) are all in contact with the upper sides of the plurality of outer surface broaches (101).

5. A broaching machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: It further includes two baffles (307). The two baffles (307) are both slidably connected to the plurality of runners (303) in the front - rear direction. A telescopic rod two (305) is fixed to one of the wheel frames (304). The end parts of the two telescopic rods two (305) are respectively fixed to the outer sides of the two baffles (307).

6. The broaching machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: Horizontal grooves (103) are provided on both the front and rear sides of each outer surface broach (101). Convex ridges (302) are provided on the lower edges of the opposite sides of the two baffles (307). The two convex ridges (302) are respectively inserted into the corresponding horizontal grooves (103) on the two outermost outer surface broaches (101).

7. A broaching machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: It further includes a workbench (501). Legs (502) are fixed to the four corners of the lower side of the workbench (501). A magnetic adsorption table (503) is fixed to the upper side of the workbench (501). The workpiece to be broached is magnetically adsorbed on the magnetic adsorption table (503). Two round rods (504) are fixed to the rear part of the workbench (501). Two convex strips (306) are fixed to the rear side of the workbench (501). The rear parts of the two convex strips (306) are respectively slidably connected to the two round rods (504) vertically.

8. A broaching machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two cross bars (208) are fixed to the left side of the portal-shaped member (201). Both of the two cross bars (208) are horizontally slidably connected to the square base (404). A motor bracket (407) is fixed to the square base (404). A motor (406) is fixed to the motor bracket (407). A lead screw (405) is fixed to the output shaft of the motor (406). A lead screw nut (207) is fixed to the convex seat (206). The lead screw (405) is in threaded cooperation with the lead screw nut (207).

9. A broaching machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: A vertical column (403) is fixed to the lower side of the square base (404). The vertical column (403) is vertically slidably connected to the bracket (401). A third telescopic rod (402) is fixed to the bracket (401). The upper end of the third telescopic rod (402) is fixed to the motor bracket (407).

10. A broaching method using the broaching machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The broaching method includes the following steps: Step 1: Magnetically adsorb the workpiece on the magnetic adsorption table (503) for fixation; Step 2: Adjust the number of outer surface broaches (101) according to the width to be broached, and arrange multiple outer surface broaches (101) in a front-to-back fitting arrangement; Step 3: Insert the left ends of multiple outer surface broaches (101) into the limiting groove (209), and then insert the insertion rods (202) into the portal-shaped member (201) and multiple outer surface broaches (101) at the same time to fix multiple outer surface broaches (101) on the portal-shaped member (201); Step 4: Press multiple outer surface broaches (101) tightly by moving two clamping seats (205) closer to each other to make multiple outer surface broaches (101) into a whole; Step 5: Broach the workpiece with multiple outer surface broaches (101).

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