Efficient grinding machining method for face gear

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of gear machining, in particular to an efficient face gear grinding method, which adopts a disc-shaped grinding wheel, solves the problems of complex tooth surface and difficulty in finishing of a worm grinding wheel, and simplifies a machining tool and a machining process. Compared with a traditional milling and grinding machining method, the method has the advantages that the single-time grinding machining time is shortened by 80%, the machining efficiency is greatly improved, and powerful support is provided for popularization and application of the face gear technology. The face gear precision is measured through on-machine detection, error compensation can be carried out in time, time consumption of off-line measurement is avoided, and the grinding efficiency and the machining precision are further improved. Therefore, the problem that an existing face gear grinding machining method is low in efficiency is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of gear processing, and particularly to a high-efficiency grinding method for face gears. Background Art

[0002] Face gear transmission is a new type of gear transmission form, which has the advantages of small volume, low noise, light weight and strong load-bearing capacity. Face gear transmission can be applied to fields such as aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, automobiles, turntables and robot joints. Abroad, face gear transmission technology is applied in Apache helicopters, which greatly improves the load-bearing capacity and reduces the volume, achieving good results.

[0003] The high-efficiency precision machining method of face gears is an important issue in the research of face gear technology. After heat treatment, the tooth surface of face gears has a high hardness, and grinding machining needs to be adopted to achieve finish machining to ensure the accuracy and meshing performance of face gears.

[0004] At present, in domestic face gear grinding, worm wheel grinding and dish-shaped wheel grinding are mostly used. Among them, the shape of the worm wheel is complex, the wheel dressing is difficult, and the meshing performance of the processed face gear is poor; the dish-shaped wheel grinding adopts the milling and grinding method, and the processing efficiency is low, resulting in the difficulty of popularizing and applying face gears. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency grinding method for face gears, aiming to solve the problem of low efficiency of the existing face gear grinding methods.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a high-efficiency grinding method for face gears, including the following steps:

[0007] Prepare for the clamping of the face gear, the dressing of the dish-shaped wheel and the tool setting for grinding.

[0008] Carry out gear shaping grinding with the dish-shaped wheel.

[0009] During the gear shaping grinding process, when one indexing motion is completed, the machining of one tooth is completed, and indexing is carried out to the next tooth for machining until all teeth are machined.

[0010] After the machining of the face gear is completed, measure the accuracy of the face gear through in-machine inspection. If the accuracy meets the requirements, the machining is completed; if not, analyze the error causes and design an error compensation scheme until the accuracy requirements are met.

[0011] Among them, in the "gear shaping grinding with the dish-shaped wheel", the grinding process of the dish-shaped wheel for the face gear includes a 4-axis indexing motion and a tooth direction feed motion.

[0012] Among them, the 4-axis indexing motion includes the rotational motion of the face gear, the linear motion of the working component, the swinging motion of the grinding wheel and the linear motion of the column component.

[0013] Among them, the face gear rotates, and the face gear workpiece rotates around the A axis;

[0014] The grinding wheel swings, and the column and the grinding head component drive the grinding wheel to rotate around the B axis;

[0015] Among them, when the face gear rotates by an angle A of one tooth and the grinding wheel swings by an angle B, the following relationship is satisfied:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, N1 and N2 are the number of teeth of the virtual spur gear and the face gear respectively;

[0018] The working component moves linearly, and the moving distance of the workpiece component along the X-axis guide rail of the machine tool is:

[0019] L x = R d (1 - cosφ) + (R1 - R2)sinφ

[0020] The column component moves linearly, and the moving distance of the column component along the Z-axis guide rail of the machine tool is:

[0021] L z = R d sinφ + (R1 - R2)(cosφ - 1)

[0022] In the formula, R d is the distance from the swing center of the tool shank to the grinding wheel, R1 is the radius of the grinding wheel for face gear grinding, and R2 is the radius of the virtual spur gear; the linear movements L x 、L z of the grinding wheel and the face gear along the X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool are both functions of the swing angle φ of the grinding wheel.

[0023] Among them, the feeding motion includes the feeding motion of the grinding wheel along the radial direction of the face gear, which is used to grind the tooth width of the face gear, and the distance l y of the tooth direction feeding motion satisfies the following formula:

[0024] l y = r1 - r2

[0025] In the formula, r1 and r2 are the outer radius and inner radius lengths of the face gear respectively.

[0026] An efficient grinding method for face gears of the present invention includes the following steps: preparing the clamping of the face gear, dressing the dish-shaped grinding wheel, and aligning the grinding process; performing plunge grinding on the dish-shaped grinding wheel; during the plunge grinding process, when one indexing and linkage is completed, the machining of one tooth is finished, and then indexing to the next tooth for machining until the machining of all teeth is completed; after the machining of the face gear is finished, measuring the accuracy of the face gear through in-machine inspection. If the accuracy meets the requirements, the machining is completed. If not, analyzing the error causes and designing an error compensation scheme until the accuracy requirements are met. The present invention uses a dish-shaped grinding wheel, which overcomes the problems of complex tooth surface and difficult dressing of the worm grinding wheel, simplifies the machining tools and processes. Compared with the traditional milling and grinding methods, the single-grinding machining time of the present invention is reduced by 80%, greatly improving the machining efficiency and providing strong support for the popularization and application of face gear technology. By measuring the accuracy of the face gear through in-machine inspection, error compensation can be carried out in a timely manner, avoiding the time consumption of off-line measurement, further improving the grinding efficiency and machining accuracy. Thus, the problem of low efficiency of the existing face gear grinding methods is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the machining movement of the face gear.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of indexing and linkage.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the tooth feed movement.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of an efficient grinding method for face gears provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0032] The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , the present invention provides an efficient grinding method for face gears, including the following steps:

[0034] S1 Prepare for the clamping of the face gear, dressing of the dish-shaped grinding wheel, and tool setting for grinding.

[0035] Specifically, the preparation for grinding includes the clamping of the face gear, dressing of the dish-shaped grinding wheel, and tool setting for grinding.

[0036] S2 Carry out the gear shaping grinding of the dish-shaped grinding wheel.

[0037] The process of grinding the face gear by the grinding wheel includes the 4-axis generating linkage and the feed motion in the tooth direction.

[0038] The 4-axis generating linkage includes the rotational motion of the face gear, the linear motion of the working component, the oscillating motion of the grinding wheel, and the linear motion of the column component.

[0039] For the rotational motion of the face gear, the face gear workpiece rotates around the A-axis.

[0040] For the oscillating motion of the grinding wheel, the column and the grinding head components drive the grinding wheel to rotate around the B-axis.

[0041] Among them, when the face gear rotates by an angle A of one tooth and the grinding wheel oscillates by an angle B, the following relationship is satisfied:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, N1 and N2 are the number of teeth of the virtual spur gear and the face gear respectively.

[0044] For the linear motion of the working component, the moving distance of the workpiece component along the X-axis guide of the machine tool is:

[0045] L x =R d (1 - cosφ)+(R1 - R2)sinφ

[0046] For the linear motion of the column component, the moving distance of the column component along the Z-axis guide of the machine tool is:

[0047] L z =R d sinφ+(R1 - R2)(cosφ - 1)

[0048] In the formula, R d is the distance from the swing center of the tool shank to the grinding wheel, R1 is the radius of the grinding wheel for grinding the face gear, and R2 is the radius of the virtual spur gear; the linear motions L x 、L z along the X-axis and Z-axis of the grinding wheel and the face gear are both functions of the swing angle φ of the grinding wheel.

[0049] The feed motion includes the feed motion of the grinding wheel in the radial direction of the face gear, which is used to grind the tooth width of the face gear. The distance l of the feed motion in the tooth direction y satisfies the following formula:

[0050] l y = r1 - r2

[0051] In the formula, r1 and r2 are the lengths of the outer radius and the inner radius of the face gear respectively.

[0052] Specifically, the 4-axis generating linkage in the process of grinding the face gear by the grinding wheel includes the movements of 4 axes, namely the rotational movement of the face gear, the linear movement of the working component, the swinging movement of the grinding wheel, and the linear movement of the column component, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown.

[0053] (1) Rotational movement of the face gear: The rotational movement of the face gear workpiece around the A axis.

[0054] (2) Swinging movement of the grinding wheel: The rotational movement of the grinding wheel driven by the column and the grinding head components around the B axis.

[0055] Among them, when the face gear rotates by an angle A of one tooth, as Figure 1 shown by the rotation angle of the face gear, the swinging angle B of the grinding wheel, as Figure 1 shown by the swinging angle of the tool, satisfies the following relationship:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, N1 and N2 are the number of teeth of the virtual spur gear and the face gear respectively.

[0058] (3) Linear movement of the working component: The moving distance of the workpiece component along the X-axis guide of the machine tool is:

[0059] L x = R d (1 - cosφ) + (R1 - R2)sinφ

[0060] (4) Linear movement of the column component: The moving distance of the column component along the Z-axis guide of the machine tool is:

[0061] L z = R d sinφ + (R1 - R2)(cosφ - 1)

[0062] In the formula, R d is the distance from the swinging center of the tool shank to the grinding wheel, R1 is the radius of the grinding wheel for grinding the face gear, and R2 is the radius of the virtual spur gear. The linear movements L x 、L z of the grinding wheel and the face gear along the X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool are both functions of the swing angle φ of the grinding wheel.

[0063] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the face gear grinding process diagram, the initial position of the face gear grinding wheel tool holder is 1, and the swing center along the B-axis of the machine tool is O. The tool holder rotates around the center O2 of the virtual spur gear to position 2 with an angular velocity ω, and the rotation angle is φ. Then the movement trajectory of the swing center O of the tool holder is an arc OO'. According to the movement characteristics of each axis of the face gear machine tool, the trajectory of the arc OO' is mapped onto the linear movement guides of the X-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool, and this movement trajectory is achieved through the linkage of the X-axis and Z-axis. The tool holder rotates around the swing center O of the B-axis of the machine tool, and at the same time, the tool holder and the face gear translate along the X-axis and Z-axis directions respectively, moving from position 1 to position 2. The movement trajectory of the tool holder along the X-axis direction is a straight line MM', and the movement trajectory of the face gear along the Z-axis direction is a straight line OO'. s It rotates around the swing center O of the B-axis of the machine tool, and at the same time, the tool holder and the face gear translate along the X-axis and Z-axis directions respectively, moving from position 1 to position 2. The movement trajectory of the tool holder along the X-axis direction is a straight line MM', and the movement trajectory of the face gear along the Z-axis direction is a straight line OO'.

[0064] During the tooth feed movement in the process of grinding the face gear by the grinding wheel, as Figure 3 shown, the feed movement of the grinding wheel along the radial direction of the face gear is used to grind the tooth width of the face gear. The distance l of the tooth feed movement y satisfies the following formula:

[0065] l y = r1 - r2

[0066] In the formula, r1 and r2 are the outer radius and inner radius lengths of the face gear respectively.

[0067] During the S3 gear shaping grinding process, when one cycle of generating linkage is completed, one tooth is machined, and then indexing is performed to the next tooth for machining until all teeth are machined;

[0068] Specifically, during the gear shaping grinding process, after one segment of the 4-axis generating linkage program runs, a tooth feed movement needs to be completed. The number of segments of the generating linkage program is related to the swing angle φ of the grinding wheel. When one cycle of generating linkage is completed, one tooth is machined.

[0069] After the S4 face gear machining is completed, the accuracy of the face gear is measured through in-machine inspection. If the accuracy meets the requirements, the machining is completed. If not, the error causes are analyzed and an error compensation scheme is designed until the accuracy requirements are met.

[0070] Specifically, after the face gear machining is completed, the accuracy of the face gear is measured through in-machine inspection. If the accuracy of the face gear meets the requirements, the face gear machining is completed. If the accuracy of the face gear does not meet the requirements, the error causes are analyzed and an error compensation scheme is designed until the accuracy requirements are met. Through the accuracy measurement method of in-machine inspection, the time consumption of off-line measurement is avoided, and the grinding efficiency can be greatly improved.

[0071] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0072] 1. The dish-shaped grinding wheel of the present invention is simple, overcoming the problems of complex tooth surface and difficult dressing of the worm grinding wheel.

[0073] 2. The plunge-grinding generating machining method provided by the present invention improves the machining efficiency.

[0074] The above-disclosed is only a preferred embodiment of an efficient grinding machining method for face gears of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the rights of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiments, and the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the invention.

Claims

1. An efficient grinding method for face gears, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Prepare the clamping of the face gear, dressing of the dish-shaped grinding wheel and tool setting for grinding; Carry out the gear shaping grinding of the dish-shaped grinding wheel; During the gear shaping grinding process, when one generating linkage is completed, the machining of one tooth is completed, and indexing is carried out to the next tooth for machining until the machining of all teeth is completed; After the machining of the face gear is completed, measure the accuracy of the face gear through on-machine inspection. If the accuracy meets the requirements, the machining is completed. If not, analyze the error causes and design an error compensation scheme until the accuracy requirements are met.

2. The high-efficiency grinding method for face gears according to claim 1, wherein In the "gear shaping grinding of the dish-shaped grinding wheel", the grinding process of the grinding wheel for the face gear includes a 4-axis generating linkage and a feed motion in the tooth direction.

3. A high-efficiency grinding method for a face gear according to claim 2, characterized in that The 4-axis generating linkage includes the rotational movement of the face gear, the linear movement of the working component, the swinging movement of the grinding wheel and the linear movement of the column component.

4. A high-efficiency grinding method for a face gear according to claim 3, characterized in that For the rotational movement of the face gear, the face gear workpiece rotates around the A axis; For the swinging movement of the grinding wheel, the column and the grinding head component drive the grinding wheel to rotate around the B axis; Wherein, when the face gear rotates by an angle A of one tooth and the grinding wheel swings by an angle B, the following relationship is satisfied: In the formula, N1 and N2 are the number of teeth of the virtual spur gear and the face gear respectively; For the linear movement of the working component, the moving distance of the workpiece component along the X-axis guide rail of the machine tool is: L x = R d (1 - cosφ) + (R1 - R2)sinφ For the linear movement of the column component, the moving distance of the column component along the Z-axis guide rail of the machine tool is: L z = R d sinφ + (R1 - R2)(cosφ - 1) Wherein, R d is the distance from the swing center of the tool holder to the grinding wheel, R1 is the radius of the grinding wheel for face gear grinding, and R2 is the radius of the virtual spur gear; the linear motions L x and L z in the X and Z directions of the machine tool between the grinding wheel and the face gear are both functions of the grinding wheel swing angle φ.

5. A high-efficiency grinding method for a face gear according to claim 2, characterized in that The feed motion includes the feed motion of the grinding wheel in the radial direction of the face gear, which is used to grind the tooth width of the face gear. The distance l of the tooth direction feed motion y satisfies the following formula: l y ＝r1-r2 In the formula, r1 and r2 are the outer radius and the inner radius length of the face gear respectively.

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